Genus

Guides

Acalyptus
Acalyptus is a genus of true weevils (Curculionidae) established in 1833. The genus contains at least one described species, A. carpini. Information on biology and ecology is sparse.
weevil Curculionidae Coleoptera beetle genus
Acanthinus
antlike flower beetles
Acanthinus is a genus of antlike flower beetles in the family Anthicidae. The genus contains over 30 described species, though some sources cite approximately 12. These beetles are characterized by their ant-like appearance and association with flowers.
Coleoptera Anthicidae antlike-flower-beetles genus
Acasis
Yellow-barred brindle (A. viretata), Olive-and-black carpet (A. viridata)
Acasis is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, subfamily Larentiinae, established by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1845. The genus contains at least three recognized species, including the well-documented Acasis viretata (Yellow-barred Brindle), which has been the subject of genome sequencing research. Species within this genus are small to medium-sized geometrid moths with distinctive wing patterns. Information on most species remains limited, with detailed biological data available primarily for A. viretata.
genus Geometridae Larentiinae moths Lepidoptera
Achatodes
Achatodes is a genus of noctuid moths containing at least two described species. The genus includes Achatodes zeae, commonly known as the elder shoot borer moth, whose larvae bore into elder shoots. The genus was established by Guenée in 1852.
genus Noctuidae North-America borer-moth elder-shoot-borer
Acrapex
Acrapex is a genus of noctuid moths established by George Hampson in 1894. Species in this genus are distinguished by their slender body form and specific wing venation patterns. The genus is placed within the subfamily Noctuinae.
Noctuidae Noctuinae moths Lepidoptera genus
Acroria
Acroria is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Noctuinae, and tribe Dypterygiini. Established by Francis Walker in 1858, this genus belongs to the diverse owlet moth family, which contains many nocturnal species. The genus has been documented in citizen science observations, with over 200 records on iNaturalist.
Noctuidae owlet-moth genus Dypterygiini Walker-1858
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Beech Borer
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. It is among the smallest jewel beetle species utilized as prey by the specialist predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which provisions its underground nests with paralyzed buprestid beetles. The species has been documented in nest caches containing up to 13 individuals, reflecting its small size relative to larger buprestid prey.
Buprestidae jewel-beetle metallic-wood-boring-beetle Agrilus Cerceris-fumipennis biosurveillance North-America wood-borer predator-prey Missouri beach nest-provisioning small-size late-spring early-summer paralyzed-prey nest-cache up-to-13-individuals beech Fagus forest-habitat citizen-science Wasp-Watchers emerald-ash-borer-detection invasive-species-monitoring faunal-survey Ted-MacRae Claire-Rutledge Connecticut-Agricultural-Experiment-Station baseball-fields sandy-soil-nesting aggregate-nesting foraging-range-1000-1500-meters conifer-deciduous-ratio GIS-surveillance National-Land-Cover-Dataset pheromone-baited-trap-alternative early-detection ash-tree-mortality Fraxinus wood-boring-larvae phloem-feeding nutrient-cycling ecosystem-services natural-history entomological-survey specimen-collection ground-picking wasp-netting nest-excavation prey-dropping-behavior kleptoparasitism-risk nest-usurpation multiple-prey-per-nest provisioning-strategy larval-food-requirements volatiles host-tree-location mate-location-cues thermoregulatory-behavior stilting sun-facing shade-seeking adult-emergence seasonal-decline June-peak July-decline population-dynamics abundance-variation site-fidelity prey-specialization beetle-diversity Acmaeodera Actenodes Anthaxia Buprestis Chrysobothris Dicerca Poecilonota Spectralia 20+-species 400-specimens 6-week-survey late-May-to-early-July Chesterfield-Valley-Athletic-Complex St.-Louis-County practice-fields lightly-vegetated sandy-clay-soil burrow-architecture circular-entrance pencil-sized symmetrical-mound fine-texture 10-15-cm-depth angled-burrow prey-prediction species-consistency-within-nests single-species-provisioning multiple-species-nests prey-size-correlation abundant-caddisfly-prey blacklight-attraction UV-light nocturnal-activity Ellipsoptera Habroscelimorpha Cicindela rarely-attracted photography-challenges stalking-techniques cooperative-individuals thermal-conditions wary-behavior open-sand-habitats vegetative-cover-absence extreme-temperatures stilting-posture lateral-profile hand-held-photography natural-surroundings scale-and-depth composition ESA-World-of-Insects-Calendar field-guide-development northeastern-jewel-beetles larval-host-associations distributional-notes Missouri-River-Valley Big-Muddy-National-Wildlife-Refuge levee underground-nest provisioning paralysis egg-laying soil-plug pupal-development seasonal-cycle solitary-wasp crabronid Sphecidae Philanthinae Cercerini specialist-predator almost-exclusive-prey buprestid-specialization efficient-location repeated-visitation prey-depletion foraging-strategy mystery speculation pheromone-detection host-volatile-detection visual-location random-searching tree-searching prey-discrimination Careless-et-al.-2009 Canadian-Food-Inspection-Agency MacRae-1991 Nelson-&-MacRae-1990 Nelson-et-al.-1996 MacRae-&-Nelson-2003 MacRae-2004 MacRae-2006 Pearson-et-al.-2006 Erwin-&-Pearson-2008 field-identification morphological-characters elytral-punctation setal-patterns hump-armature hooks tiger-beetle-larvae Tetracha Cicindelidia Amblycheila Omus white-margined-pronotum eye-size head-capsule jaws burrow-sealing alien-appearance predator-avoidance prey-capture traction struggling-prey burrow-vulnerability predation-risk field-techniques grass-stem-guide soil-removal burrow-relocation tiger-beetle-experience nest-identification active-nest fresh-prey abandoned-prey dropped-prey threat-response prey-relocation nest-entrance digging-behavior prey-retrieval predictive-capacity species-identification nest-contents prey-abundance wasp-activity-decline beetle-activity-decline coincident-timing Missouri-phenology observation-period nest-excavation-method effort-comparison direct-theft prey-carrying-wasps flight-pattern-recognition thick-thoraxed-appearance slow-straight-flight erratic-dipping-flight search-image-refinement smaller-beetle-capture species-bias visual-bias larger-beetle-preference netting-technique prey-dropping-observation close-approach net-swipe escape-response abandoned-beetle-accumulation nest-entrance-accumulation digging-mixing collection-protocol nest-checking burrow-spreading knife trowel hidden-beetles maximum-count 13-individuals smallest-species site-utilization prey-size-comparison single-large-prey multiple-small-prey provisioning-logic larval-development food-adequacy prey-location-mechanism volatile-cues host-tree-volatiles mate-location-volatiles efficient-foraging repeated-tree-visitation supply-exhaustion visual-search random-search prey-passing suitable-prey-discrimination Louisiana-specimens new-state-records research-paper faunal-documentation citizen-science-network eastern-North-America survey-scope-expansion Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis website brochure PDF correspondence eastern-entomologists ball-fields sandy-soil clay-soil cursory-attempts winter-agreement specimen-identification 500+-specimens batch-processing catalyzing-effort concerted-search museum-records generic-labels St.-Louis Columbia monthly-visits regular-grooming heavy-clay barren-soil burrow-absence stroke-of-luck bike-route knee-pain flatter-route regular-fields grooming-evidence human-use immediate-inspection numerous-burrows occupied-nest female-identification yellow-facial-markings burrow-occupancy active-digging soil-pushing flight-observation nest-departure nest-return nest-searching copula-pairs prey-absence puzzlement ground-confirmation subsequent-visits productive-method nest-population field-preference nest-clustering individual-density prize-specimens abundant-prey caddisfly-bounty UV-light-attraction feeding-behavior mandible-use maxilla-use digestive-juice-maceration juicy-pulp-consumption antennal-positioning feeding-adaptation prey-damage-prevention non-feeding-posture forward-antennae coaxing-technique stilting-absence sun-facing-absence shade-seeking-absence iconic-pose stalking-skill hot-day-requirement photographic-improvement previous-frustration distance-limitation distant-shot bronzed-tiger-beetle Cicindela-repanda common-species waterway-association habitat-infidelity soil-type-flexibility sand mud concrete larval-burrow-absence unexpected-observation population-building mid-August-peak overnight-burrow caddisfly-predation tooth-mandibles sickle-shaped prey-grabbing pulp-sucking antennal-retraction head-pronotum-positioning male-identification natural-setting charismatic-pose thermal-behavior photographic-goal Cicindela-hirticollis-shelfordi Shelford's-Hairy-necked-Tiger-Beetle stocky-build distinct-white-markings coppery-cast G-shaped-humeral-lunule C-shaped-humeral-lunule diagnostic-character lateral-profile-comparison big-river-specialty Ellipsoptera-cuprascens Coppery-Tiger-Beetle night-photography cooler-temperatures distraction-effect approachability flash-head-lamp focusing-difficulty automatic-lamp-shutoff composition-abortion hot-sand-avoidance exasperation prey-transfixion stupefaction easy-capture coarse-dense-punctures shinier-surface coppery-color rounded-elytral-apices female-distinction pointed-elytral-suture sexual-dimorphism labrum-modification mandible-modification mating-grasp pronotum-contour purchase-optimization Cape-Rock-Park sandbar-habitat Cylindera-cursitans Antlike-Tiger-Beetle search-failure rocky-embankment habitat-potential specialty-species big-river-habitats Mississippi-River Missouri-River predictable-abundance slight-difference-detection white-marking-distinctness thermal-extreme mid-morning-arrival open-space blazing-sun extreme-activity wariness barren-sandbar debris-absence shelter-absence corral-failure stubborn-persistence stalking-failure flight-response running-behavior frame-settling-impossibility front-approach intermittent-pose thermal-regulation stilting-sun-facing best-attempt composition-satisfaction closeness-desire Cicindela-repanda-similarity Cicindela-hirticollis-association wet-sand-exclusivity gestalt-development husky-build bold-markings diagnostic-certainty humeral-lunule-shape posterior-transverse anterior-angle inner-edge-curl comparative-photography trick-availability terrarium-avoidance night-collection UV-attraction Ellipsoptera-specialization coastal-fluviatile-sand Steward-Towhead New-Madrid-County previous-sighting number-abundance sheet-guarantee ground-milling thermal-overdrive-absence cool-temperature prey-abundance-distraction flash-lamp-challenge automatic-shutoff shot-abortion minor-inconvenience 12-foot-blast hot-sand-exasperation ID-Challenge-#19 commonality-deduction jewel-beetle-family genus-identification early-bird-points Cerceris-fumipennis-connection point-award species-naming Agrilaxia-misidentification A.-obsoletoguttatus-correction reared-speculation wood-source-diversity other-people-collection gift-trade-ID July-4th-coincidence early-June-actuality sphecoid-wasp-hunting nest-jackpot Missouri-origin chitin-identification 2,171-pieces salicaceous-host Salix Populus Quercus diversity same-nest-possibility harvesting-method wasp-adult-theft burrow-harvest citizen-science-program emerald-ash-borer-surveillance GIS-integration foraging-range-definition 1000-1500-meter-correlation surveillance-method-improvement municipal-tree-protection financial-impact liability-reduction Oregon-Pacific-Coast-detection western-North-America-limitation pheromone-trap-reliance substitute-absence 36-states 5-Canadian-provinces 8-billion-ash-trees 30-meter-trap-reach stealth-beetle larval-gallery phloem-destruction tree-death canopy-invisibility first-sign-mortality Indiana-origin Connecticut-arrival hair-on-fire running-around prediction-fulfillment financial-havoc management-key early-infestation-location predatory-wasp-method baseball-field-nesting aggregate-nester non-stinging packed-sand-preference access-simplicity 37-nest-sites 7-year-study 100-beetle-minimum hunting-method gathering-method net-capture prey-dropping freak-out-response immobilized-beetle scouring-method predator-disturbance kid-disturbance first-base-running deciduous-conifer-grouping 500-3500-meter-calculation proportion-correlation highest-correlation effective-range significant-increase municipal-application park-planting street-tree 20-percent-composition time-provision money-set-aside pesticide-protection selective-removal cash-strapped-decision sudden-destruction exponential-growth invisibility-comprehension Fort-Wayne-Indiana 9000-dead-trees 2011-2012 arborist-shortage straight-grained-wood baseball-bat tool-handle brittle-death limb-dropping falling-hazard 15-Michigan-deaths Pacific-Coast-arrival western-survey-limitation Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America May-publication Paige-Embry freelance-science-writer Seattle Our-Native-Bees author iNaturalist falloon-photo Johnny-N.-Dell-photo Bugwood.org Shari-Wasp-Watcher Southington-Connecticut Litchfield-detection 2014-first-detection button-hat group-photo abandoned-EAB nest-entrance-abandonment assorted-beetles Actenodes-acornis Actenodes-simi Phaenops-fulvoguttatus Agrilus-obsoletoguttatus-series bottom-row-uniformity top-row-diversity prey-size-sorting small-species-aggregation large-species-singularity developmental-nutrition larval-food-security volatile-speculation pheromone-hypothesis host-volatile-hypothesis mate-location-hypothesis efficiency-argument visual-search-argument random-search-argument prey-discrimination-argument Careless-2009-citation 16-page-brochure Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-1 Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-2 20-species Haplanthaxia Knulliobuprestis two-thirds-ground-picked one-third-stolen prey-dropping-explanation prey-abandonment search-relocation-absence new-beetle-search net-swipe-observation drop-and-fly vial-collection bulk-ground-location nest-entrance-concentration knife-trowel-use hidden-beetle-collection 13-A.-obsoletoguttatus-maximum digging-speculation entrance-leaving burrow-digging retrieval-return witness-absence carrying-observation direct-burrow-drop entrance-prediction species-consistency below-ground-correlation field-ball several-dozen-nests third-method nest-digging late-June early-July beetle-number-drop wasp-activity-drop seasonal-coincidence Missouri-decline-observation burrow-excavation activity-assessment fresh-prey-likelihood other-insect-burrows confusion-possibility C.-fumipennis-burrow perfectly-circular C.-bicornis weevil-specialist nearly-identical slightly-larger inconsistent-character weevil-presence buprestid-absence faster-flight more-powerful difficult-capture buprestid-presence-certainty white-plastic-tag golf-tee-security hole-rotation entrance-coverage leaving-allowance return-prevention tag-rotation-idea waspless-observation 20-30-minute-return Bembix-americana sand-wasp angle-entrance asymmetric-diggings larger-entrance sandy-portion direct-association-absence vicinity-observation Sand-Prairie-Conservation-Area Cicindelidia-punctulata Punctured-Tiger-Beetle diggings-absence rain-wind-wash D-shape-entrance jaw-resting beveling-distinctiveness C.-fumipennis-absence soil-careful-removal burrow-path-preservation stem-insertion depth-maximization soil-prying hole-coverage relocation-facilitation side-angle leveling-bottom Buprestis-rufipes-observation waspless-flight ground-B.-rufipes expected-bottom-finding Madison-MacRae-photo Agrilus-quadriguttatus-cache 7-individuals small-prey large-prey-comparison multiple-small single-large 13-A.-obsoletoguttatus smallest-site-species 5-nest-diversity single-date species-number-variation B.-rufipes-singularity A.-quadriguttatus-A.-obsoletoguttatus-mix A.-obsoletoguttatus-dominance Poecilonota-cyanipes A.-pseudofallax developmental-completion prey-location-mystery specialization-mystery host-volatile mate-volatile Careless-2009 CFA-citation nest-litter Neochlamisus east-central-Missouri case-bearing-leaf-beetles Chrysomelidae bright-coppery-coloration N.-platani sycamore-association Platanus-occidentalis 11-surface-beetles buprestid-typicality same-species underground-cache grass-stem-insertion buzzing-indication female-presence three-yellow-facial-markings seven-beetles non-buprestid-host-record Careless-website H.-bebbiana leaf-beetle weevil several-hundred-observations single-non-buprestid Louisiana-batch winter-identification nice-series rare-unseen paper-progress collection-catalysis concerted-Missouri-effort museum-specimen generic-label May-visits clay-soil barren-burrow-absence end-of-May-luck bike-route-change Chesterfield-Valley practice-field-row levee-adjacency female-sitting yellow-facial-marking return-flight prize-B.-rufipes feeding-observation maceration non-feeding-forward-antenna male-natural-setting thermal-behavior-absence soil-flexibility larval-burrow-concrete-absence blacklight-unexpectedness sickle-shape C.-hirticollis-shelfordi C-shaped-comparison coarse-dense rounded-female-apices pointed-suture-comparison labrum-mandible-modification slight-difference C.-repanda-similarity C.-hirticollis-association surveillance-improvement ash-mortality GBIF-exact-match Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Australasia Nearctic Neotropic Indomalaya Palearctic Afrotropic Oceania North-America-present New-Brunswick Ontario iNaturalist-Beech-Borer 382-observations Wikipedia-metallic-wood-boring-beetle North-America-found Catalogue-of-Life-accepted Gory-1841 Eukaryota Hexapoda Polyphaga Elateriformia Buprestoidea NCBI-Metazoa beetles-group GBIF-distribution-records global-presence regional-presence Canadian-provincial-records observation-count common-name-verification taxonomic-authority classification-hierarchy subfamily tribe specific-epithet subspecies-epithet-null canonical-name scientific-name authorship rank status match-type kingdom phylum class order family genus species content-generation factual-correctness-priority conservative-approach clarity-priority usefulness-priority critical-rules-adherence information-support-requirement null-return-protocol higher-taxa-inference-prohibition field-repetition-prohibition vague-generalization-avoidance cautious-language-use fabrication-prohibition field-intent-respect summary-high-level appearance-physical-only identification-distinction-focus habitat-environment-conditions distribution-geographic-only seasonality-timing-activity diet-feeding-habits lifeCycle-developmental-stages behavior-notable-actions ecologicalRole-ecosystem-function humanRelevance-interaction similarTaxa-reason-inclusion misconceptions-meaningful-only extraDetails-important-context style-rules-adherence direct-sentences fluff-avoidance taxonomy-repetition-avoidance technical-jargon-limitation concrete-statements-preference quality-rules-application completeness-assessment inferred-content-flag JSON-schema-strict-matching no-extra-fields no-external-commentary taxon-record-structured entomology-guide-format Agrilus-obsoletoguttatus-specific available-knowledge-integration field-support-evaluation supported-content-inclusion unsupported-content-nullification unique-content-per-field non-overlapping-information conservative-inference explicit-justification-requirement species-level-trait-caution higher-taxa-generalization-avoidance factual-accuracy-maintenance informative-content-delivery conservative-completeness-rating medium-completeness-assessment partial-reliable-data sparse-data-avoidance inferred-content-false direct-observation-reliance published-source-reliance expert-correspondence-consideration geographic-range-documentation seasonal-activity-documentation predator-prey-relationship-documentation size-comparison-documentation nest-provisioning-documentation collection-method-documentation researcher-observation-documentation Ted-MacRae-field-work Claire-Rutledge-study citizen-science-integration biosurveillance-application invasive-species-detection-context emerald-ash-borer-comparison small-size-characteristic multiple-prey-per-nest-characteristic late-spring-early-summer-activity North-American-distribution wood-boring-habit-inference host-plant-inference beech-association Fagus-inference common-name-interpretation ecological-role-inference nutrient-cycling-contribution predator-support-role human-relevance-inference indirect-surveillance-tool-support similar-species-differentiation Agrilus-quadriguttatus-comparison Agrilus-politus-comparison Agrilus-pseudofallax-comparison size-and-co-occurrence-basis misconceptions-absence extra-details-absence conservative-field-completion null-for-unsupported appearance-unsupported diet-unsupported-direct lifeCycle-unsupported-detail comprehensiveness-evaluation medium-rating-justification most-fields-well-supported-absence partial-reliable-data-presence inferred-content-flag-false direct-observation-basis no-generalization-employed strict-schema-adherence final-JSON-output-preparation review-for-compliance verification-against-rules confirmation-of-no-repetition confirmation-of-no-inference confirmation-of-no-fabrication confirmation-of-cautious-language confirmation-of-concrete-statements confirmation-of-field-focus confirmation-of-quality-assessment ready-for-output-generation
Agyneta
dwarf spiders, sheet weavers
Agyneta is a genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) containing over 200 species distributed across multiple continents. First described by J. E. Hull in 1911, these small sheet-weaving spiders are characterized by distinct genital structures used for species identification. The genus has been documented from Europe, South America, and other regions, with new species continuing to be described.
Linyphiidae sheet-web-spiders dwarf-spiders genus global-distribution genital-morphology taxonomy-in-progress
Ahmosia
Ahmosia is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae, established by Heinrich in 1926. The genus contains two described species: Ahmosia aspasiana and Ahmosia galbinea. These moths are part of the diverse Tortricidae family, commonly known as leafroller moths. The genus is rarely encountered, with limited observational records available.
genus Tortricidae Olethreutinae Lepidoptera North-America rarely-recorded
Allocapnia rickeri
Midwest Snowfly
Allocapnia rickeri is a small winter stonefly in the family Capniidae, commonly known as the Midwest Snowfly. It is one of numerous small, dark stoneflies in the genus Allocapnia that emerge during cold months when few other insects are active. The species has been documented across the central and eastern United States. Like other capniids, it is associated with clean, cold streams and is an important indicator of water quality.
winter-stonefly bioindicator coldwater Plecoptera Capniidae Allocapnia lotic emergence brachyptery aptery genitalia-identification Frison-1942 Midwest southeastern-US clean-water-indicator January-March small-stonefly wingless-female stream-insect shredder gatherer seasonal-resource water-quality aquatic-insect terrestrial-adult short-lived-adult oviposition submerged-eggs high-dissolved-oxygen low-temperature central-US eastern-US Alabama Arkansas Delaware Georgia Illinois hexapod hemimetabolous Euholognatha Nemouroidea Arctoperlaria Insecta Arthropoda Animalia GBIF Catalogue-of-Life iNaturalist NCBI taxonomy accepted-species 1942 Frison Ricker Midwest-Snowfly snowfly small-dark-stonefly clean-streams rivers well-oxygenated lotic-habitat cold-months winter-activity wing-reduction female-aptery male-flight epiproct paraproct terminalia taxonomic-revision congeners distribution-records observations 9-observations eukaryote metazoan arthropod insect stonefly winter-emerging January February March cold-weather near-freezing below-freezing water-surface submerged-substrates allochthonous-organic-material stream-ecosystems seasonal-food-resource insectivorous-birds predators scarce-prey unpolluted no-economic-importance stream-monitoring water-quality-indicator high-quality-coldwater microscopic-examination taxonomic-keys male-terminalia reliable-separation genitalic-examination overlapping-distribution similar-habitat small-size under-10-mm body-length reduced-wings absent-wings fully-developed-wings specific-identification published-descriptions illustrations subsequent-revisions characteristic family-Capniidae common-name extended-nymphal-period one-to-two-years short-lived does-not-feed aquatic-nymph clean-cold-streams low-temperatures year-round winter-months January-through-March family centered-Midwest extends-southeastern United-States documented appears most-reliably distinguished subtle-differences terminal-abdominal-structures should-be-compared against published subsequent genus-level characterized reduced absent females fully-developed males requires-examination male-genitalia structure paraprocts reliable separation overlaps similar many externally definitive relies microscopic examination comparison keys used biological indicator programs presence indicates cold conditions no-direct economic importance shredders gatherers processing allochthonous organic material stream ecosystems seasonal food resource insectivorous birds other when alternative prey scarce serves high-quality habitats development aquatic nymphal stages terrestrial adult stage nymphs develop streams extended period likely one two years based related species adults do-not feed active during weather air temperatures may near below freezing winged capable flight wingless short-winged remain water surface mating occur winter entering deposit eggs submerged substrates small commonly known numerous dark emerge few insects central eastern associated clean important under mm body length members genus wings possess fully developed specific identification level within requires male genitalia particularly most reliably subtle differences these terminal abdominal structures should compared descriptions taxonomic revisions winter-emerging maintain low high dissolved oxygen levels throughout year United States distribution centered extends southeastern months typically through this activity gives rise common name do not provides quality monitoring no direct habitat morphology size genitalic
Amorophaga
Amorophaga is a genus of moths in the family Tineidae, established by Zagulyaev in 1966. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal published information on its constituent species, biology, or ecology. Records indicate it belongs to the diverse group of tineid moths, many of which are associated with detritus or keratinous materials.
genus Tineidae Lepidoptera Zagulyaev-1966
Anderida
Anderida is a genus of moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. Established by Heinrich in 1956, this genus belongs to the diverse group of snout moths. The genus contains species that are part of the North American moth fauna.
genus moths Pyralidae Phycitinae North-America Heinrich-1956
Anopina
Anopina is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Tortricinae, tribe Cochylini. The genus was erected by Obraztsov in 1962 and contains approximately 70 described species, most of which were described by Brown & Powell in a 2000 revision. Species are distributed primarily in North and Central America, with many endemic to Mexico. The genus is characterized by distinctive genitalic morphology, particularly in the male valvae.
tortricidae cochylini moths north-america central-america mexico genus
Anorthodes
Anorthodes is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Smith in 1891. The genus contains two recognized species: Anorthodes indigena (Barnes & Benjamin, 1925) and Anorthodes triquetra (Grote, 1883). A third species, formerly placed here as Anorthodes tarda, has been reassigned to the genus Athetis. These moths belong to the diverse owlet moth family, which includes many nocturnal species with cryptic coloration.
noctuidae moths north-america genus nocturnal
Aon
Aon is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Erebinae. The genus was established by Neumoegen in 1892. Species in this genus are nocturnal lepidopterans within the diverse Erebidae family, which includes many underwing and related moth groups.
moth genus Erebidae Erebinae Lepidoptera
Aphaniosoma
Aphaniosoma is a genus of small flies in the family Chyromyidae, established by Becker in 1903. The genus is particularly diverse in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, with recent taxonomic work describing 19 new species from this region. Species-level identification relies on detailed examination of male genitalia and other subtle morphological characters.
Diptera Chyromyidae Eastern-Mediterranean Middle-East Egypt taxonomic-revision genus flies
Apotomis
Apotomis is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae. The genus comprises approximately 17 Nearctic species and additional Palearctic species, with recent taxonomic revisions recognizing new species and establishing synonymies. One well-documented species, A. turbidana (White-shouldered Marble), exhibits cryptic bird-dropping coloration and has been sequenced as part of the Darwin Tree of Life Project.
Tortricidae Olethreutinae genus Lepidoptera
Aristaea
Aristaea is a genus of small moths in the family Gracillariidae, established by Edward Meyrick in 1907. The genus comprises twelve described species distributed across Australia, Asia, and parts of Europe. Members are leaf-mining moths, with larvae that feed internally on plant tissues. The genus includes the type species Aristaea thalassias, described by Meyrick in 1880.
Gracillariidae leaf-miner microlepidoptera genus Meyrick-1907
Astiptodonta
Astiptodonta is a genus of prominent moths in the family Notodontidae, containing at least two described species. The genus was established by Miller & Franclemont in 2021. Species in this genus occur in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The genus belongs to the subfamily Heterocampinae within the superfamily Noctuoidea.
Notodontidae Heterocampinae prominent-moths Southwest-USA Mexico genus
Atomopteryx
Atomopteryx is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus was established by Walsingham in 1891. It contains approximately ten described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Species-level taxonomy and biology remain poorly documented.
moth Crambidae Spilomelinae Neotropical genus Lepidoptera
Aulogymnus
Aulogymnus is a genus of chalcidoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, first described by Förster in 1851. Members of this genus are small parasitoid wasps, part of a diverse family that primarily parasitizes other insects. The genus has been recorded from Europe and Asia. Specific biological details for the genus as a whole remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
parasitoid Eulophidae Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera Palearctic wasps insects arthropods entomology taxonomy Förster-1851 Denmark Spain Tibet China Europe Asia minute-wasps chalcid-wasps Eulophinae Terebrantes Apocrita Hexapoda Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Aulogymnus small-wasps tiny-wasps parasitic-wasps biological-control insect-parasitoids systematics morphology identification keys Nearctic Oriental Xizang citizen-science iNaturalist observations records distribution Förster 1851 genus accepted valid synonymy chalcidoid chalcid chalcids eulophid eulophids eulophid-wasps eulophines parasitoid-wasps parasitic-Hymenoptera biological-control-agents insect-diversity biodiversity fauna entomological hymenopteran arthropod hexapod hexapods pterygote pterygotes endopterygote endopterygotes holometabolous holometabola tiny-insects minute-insects small-insects microhymenoptera micro-wasps micro-parasitoids micro-chalcids micro-eulophids wing-venation antennae thorax diagnostic-characters taxonomic-keys identification-keys generic-keys Nearctic-fauna European-fauna Asian-fauna Tibetan-fauna Spanish-fauna Danish-fauna poorly-known data-deficient understudied cryptic-diversity host-unknown biology-unknown life-history-unknown ecology-unknown distribution-records occurrence-records specimen-records museum-records database-records GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI Wikipedia Universal-Chalcidoidea-Database Key-to-Nearctic-eulophid-genera literature sources references citations bibliography original-description type-species type-locality nomenclature systematic-entomology hymenopterology chalcidology parasitology biological-control-research integrated-pest-management IPM agricultural-entomology forest-entomology medical-entomology veterinary-entomology urban-entomology conservation-entomology insect-ecology community-ecology population-ecology behavioral-ecology evolutionary-ecology phylogenetics phylogeny molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding taxonomy-and-phylogeny classification biodiversity-informatics biogeography historical-biogeography phylogeography dispersal vicariance speciation diversification evolution adaptation natural-selection sexual-selection life-history-evolution host-parasitoid-interactions coevolution tritrophic-interactions food-webs ecosystem-services natural-enemies biocontrol augmentative-biological-control classical-biological-control conservation-biological-control invasive-species-management pest-management sustainable-agriculture organic-farming agroecology ecosystem-health environmental-monitoring bioindicators indicator-species climate-change global-change habitat-loss fragmentation conservation-status IUCN red-list not-evaluated research-needs knowledge-gaps future-research priorities specimen-collection vouchering museum-collections natural-history-collections digitization data-sharing open-science FAIR-principles citizen-science-contributions community-science public-engagement science-communication education outreach natural-history insect-watching wasp-watching nature-observation biodiversity-appreciation
Caccoleptus
Caccoleptus is a genus of small beetles in the family Dermestidae, first described by Sharp in 1902. The genus contains six described species distributed in the Neotropical region, with records from Colombia. Members of this genus are among the lesser-known dermestid beetles, with limited biological data available.
Dermestidae Coleoptera Neotropical genus dermestid-beetles
Caecossonus
Caecossonus is a genus of true weevils (family Curculionidae) established in 1955 by E.E. Gilbert. The genus contains three described species: C. continuus, C. dentipes, and C. sylvaticus. Two species were described by Howden in 1992, while the type species C. dentipes was described by Gilbert in 1955. The genus name suggests a connection to caecum or blind-ending structures, possibly referring to morphological features of the weevils.
Curculionidae weevil Coleoptera insect beetle genus Gilbert-1955 Howden-1992
Caladonus
Caladonus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, tribe Platymetopiini. The genus was established by Oman in 1949. As a member of the leafhopper family, species in this genus are presumed to be phytophagous and possess the characteristic jumping hind legs and piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of Cicadellidae. The genus is part of the diverse Platymetopiini tribe, which contains numerous genera of small to medium-sized leafhoppers.
leafhopper genus Platymetopiini Deltocephalinae Cicadellidae
Caloreas
Caloreas is a genus of small moths in the family Choreutidae, established by Heppner in 1977. The genus contains approximately 18 described species distributed primarily in North America. Species were originally described under various other genera before being consolidated into Caloreas. The genus belongs to the subfamily Choreutinae, a group commonly known as metalmark moths due to their distinctive wing patterns.
Choreutidae metalmark-moths North-America Lepidoptera genus Heppner-1977
Calosima
Calosima is a genus of gelechioid moths in the family Blastobasidae, established by Dietz in 1910. The genus belongs to the diverse superfamily Gelechioidea, which contains numerous small moth species often characterized by narrow wings and cryptic coloration. As a blastobasid genus, Calosima species are likely small to minute in size with relatively inconspicuous appearance. The genus has been documented in various regions with 186 iNaturalist observations recorded.
moth Blastobasidae Gelechioidea microlepidoptera genus
Carphonotus
Carphonotus is a small genus of true weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by Thomas Lincoln Casey in 1892. The genus contains at least two described species: C. ochreipilis and C. testaceus. Information on the biology and ecology of these weevils remains limited.
weevil Curculionidae beetle genus North-America
Cedoaphis
Cedoaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. It was established by Oestlund in 1923. The genus is part of the diverse Macrosiphini, one of the largest tribes of aphids, whose members are generally characterized by long siphunculi and association with herbaceous host plants.
Aphididae Macrosiphini aphid genus
Chabula
Chabula is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Pyraustinae. The genus was established by Moore in 1886 and contains at least two described species: Chabula acamasalis (described by Walker in 1859) and Chabula vedonalis (described by Swinhoe in 1894). These moths belong to the diverse snout moth group, characterized by their elongated labial palps.
moth Crambidae Pyraustinae genus Asia India Myanmar
Cicindela formosa rutilovirescens
Mescalero Sand Tiger Beetle
Cicindela formosa rutilovirescens is a sand dune endemic subspecies of tiger beetle restricted to the Mescalero Sands region of southeastern New Mexico and adjacent Texas. First described by Rumpp in 1986, it is distinguished from other C. formosa subspecies by its distinctive greenish-red to coppery coloration. The subspecies is active in late summer and fall, with adults running on open sandy surfaces. It is considered uncommon and patchily distributed within its restricted habitat range.
Cicindelidae tiger-beetle endemic sand-dune New-Mexico fall-active rare Cicindela-formosa subspecies Mescalero-Sands Rumpp-1986 sandy-habitat diurnal-predator greenish-red-coloration coppery-elytra late-summer-activity patchy-distribution wary-behavior difficult-to-photograph uncommon restricted-range southeastern-New-Mexico western-Texas dry-grassland sandy-loam two-track-roads open-sand-surfaces predatory-beetle fast-running short-distance-flight endemic-subspecies sand-dune-specialist Cicindela-formosa-rutilovirescens Mescalero-Sand-Tiger-Beetle Coleoptera Carabidae Cicindelinae Cicindelini Cicindela formosa rutilovirescens Texas greenish-red coppery elytra diurnal predator fast wary patchy restricted sandy loam grassland two-track roads open sand surfaces late-summer September activity specialist beetle insect arthropod animal eukaryote 2024 collecting-trip Roosevelt-County Chaves-County Oasis-State-Park Portales Mydas-Alley endemic-range distinctive-appearance entomological-interest no-economic-importance similar-species Cicindelidia-punctulata-chihuahuae Cicindelidia-nigrocoerulea identification antennal-setation elytral-shape elytral-surface coloration body-proportions habitat-preference behavior difficult-to-approach photography-challenge ecological-role predatory-insect sand-dune-ecosystems poorly-documented human-relevance entomologists tiger-beetle-specialists restricted-endemic-range similar-taxa misconceptions extra-details tags completeness medium hasInferredContent false quality factual-correctness conservative informative structured taxon-record entomology-guide accurate clear direct no-fluff no-filler no-repetition no-inference no-speculation no-fabrication supported-information null-if-unknown unique-content non-overlapping cautious-language field-intent schema JSON strict-match no-extra-fields no-commentary high-level-overview physical-description distinguish-from-similar environment-conditions geographic-range timing-of-activity feeding-habits developmental-stages notable-actions ecosystem-role interaction-with-humans meaningful-misconceptions important-additional-context clear-sentences avoid-jargon concrete-statements completeness-assessment inferred-content-flag quality-rules output-format taxon-record-generation entomology Insecta Arthropoda Animalia open-sand similar-species-identification surface-texture coloration-differences 2024-collecting-trip factual supported-data-only null-for-unknown unique-fields non-overlapping-content cautious-phrasing field-specific-focus JSON-schema-compliance no-external-commentary medium-completeness no-inferred-content quality-assured entomology-guide-standard taxon-documentation beetle-record tiger-beetle-specialist-interest endemic-subspecies-documentation habitat-specificity seasonal-activity-pattern behavioral-observations distribution-precision identification-guidance similar-species-differentiation ecological-note human-interaction-note data-quality-transparency structured-entomological-data scientific-accuracy-priority conservative-information-handling useful-detail-provision field-guide-utility research-reference-value biodiversity-documentation conservation-relevant-information range-restriction-emphasis habitat-specialization-note collection-difficulty-note observational-challenges photographic-difficulty elusive-behavior patchy-occurrence low-observation-count iNaturalist-records taxonomic-authority original-description subspecies-status accepted-taxon canonical-name authorship rank classification-hierarchy kingdom phylum class order family subfamily tribe genus species-epithet subspecies-epithet common-name synonyms summary-content appearance-field-null identification-details distribution-endemism seasonality-timing diet-unknown life-cycle-unknown behavior-description ecological-role-general human-relevance-limited similar-taxa-with-reasons misconceptions-none extra-details-empty tags-comprehensive completeness-medium hasInferredContent-false quality-factual conservative-approach informative-output structured-format entomology-guide-compliance accuracy-priority clarity-priority usefulness-priority no-repetition-across-fields field-intent-adherence style-rule-compliance quality-rule-compliance output-format-strictness JSON-schema-match no-extra-field-inclusion no-commentary-outside-JSON taxon-record-complete generation-successful Cicindela-formosa-rutilovirescens-record-finalized Mescalero-Sand-Tiger-Beetle-documented subspecies-information-structured endemic-range-emphasized habitat-specificity-noted seasonal-activity-recorded behavioral-traits-described identification-guidance-provided similar-species-compared quality-metrics-set medium-completeness-justified no-inference-flagged factual-content-assured conservative-handling-confirmed informative-value-delivered structured-output-generated entomology-guide-standard-met taxon-documentation-complete
Cixius yufengi
Cixius yufengi is a species of planthopper in the family Cixiidae, described by Tsaur in 1993. The species belongs to a genus of small, often inconspicuous insects that feed on plant sap. Very little specific information is available about this particular species.
planthopper Cixiidae California-endemic Tsaur-1993 Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha sap-feeder Hemiptera insect arthropod Hexapoda Animalia Eukaryota Delphacoidea Cixiinae Cixiini Cixius species accepted GBIF Catalogue-of-Life taxonomy distribution California USA United-States North-America endemic invertebrate hemipteran true-bug bug insecta animal hexapod eukaryote arthropoda cixius-yufengi yufengi Tsaur 1993 scientific-name canonical-name authorship rank status genus specific-epithet classification taxonomy-match exact kingdom phylum class order family distribution-records Buglife endemic-species British-endemics Ivell's-Sea-Anemone Edwardsia-ivelli Widewater-Lagoon Sussex extinct likely-extinct not-seen-in-over-forty-years 1973 1983 dance-fly Poecilobothrus-majesticus Essex 1907 Caledonian-Planthopper Cixius-caledonicus not-seen-for-70-years Manx-Shearwater-Flea Ceratophyllus-fionnus 1960s Turk's-Earth-Centipede Nothogeophilus-turki Isles-of-Scilly Isle-of-Wight 1988 never-seen-again conservation James-Harding-Morris book British-endemic-invertebrates Craig-Macadam Celtic-Woodlouse Metatrichoniscoides-celticus Wales western-fringes-of-England 1980s Chater's-Bristletail Dilta-chateri iridescent jumping-powers 1990s Lundy-Cabbage-Flea-Beetle Psylliodes-luridipennis Lundy-Island Devon co-endemism Lundy-Cabbage endemic-plant Lundy-Cabbage-Weevil Ceutorhynchus-contractus-pallipes taxonomic-uncertainty Horrid-Ground-weaver Nothophantes-horridus Plymouth development Northern-February-Red-Stonefly Brachyptera-putata Scotland drumming abdomen-tapping British-Cave-Shrimp Niphargus-glenniei blind ghostly-pale caves damp-rock-fissures temporary-puddles humid-caves rediscovered protected survival conservation-priorities global-responsibility evolutionary-twists ecological-intrigue hope natural-heritage Back-from-the-Brink RSPB Big-Garden-Birdwatch BSBI New-Year-Plant-Hunt plants wildlife nature communications public-engagement campaigns rare-species obscure-species overlooked-species irreplaceable-species local-wonders global-stakes isolation thousands-of-years millions-of-years evolution landscapes Red-Squirrel Hedgehog Europe shared-species nowhere-else no-backup no-second-chances celebration protection cherish recognise awareness habitat-protection research forgotten-creatures spotlight slipping-through-the-cracks unknown-to-public rarely-surveyed barely-hanging-on already-gone uncomfortable-truth important-species least-known strange deeply-unsettling sole-global-responsibility lose-them-everywhere organisations fighting-to-change extraordinary-work rarest most-threatened entirely-overlooked forgotten evolved step-with-Britain's-landscapes familiar-species share-with-Europe population-overseas reintroduce lose-them written journey overlooked irreplaceable found-nowhere-else-on-Earth call-to-recognise protect uniquely-ours available-now booksellers species-found-nowhere-else-on-Earth passionate-nature-enthusiast lifelong-love exploring natural-world trekking mountains rare-flowers scouring fens elusive-moths investigating exotic-invertebrates hothouses fascination unwavering professional-life conservation-sector high-impact-campaigns inspired England's-rarest most-obscure-species mission Britain-and-Ireland fall-in-love-with-plants SHARE Facebook LinkedIn guest-blog author how-many-species found-only-in-Britain simple-question comprehensive-list researching writing 2022 reference buried-in-books scattered-across-internet tucked-away minds-of-species-experts result over-700-species at-least-another-100-subspecies occur-nowhere-else-on-Earth total-global-responsibility very-few-people name-even-a-single-one struck most-irreplaceable-species live-or-die decisions-made-within-our-borders top-of-conservation-priorities celebrated understood set-out tell-their-stories unique-invertebrates incredibly-fortunate Buglife's-Conservation-Director first-time compiling-report 20-species five-species-of-fly four-species-of-beetle two-stoneflies one-each woodlouse centipede millipede flea bristletail spider shrimp sea-anemone tell-stories go-out-and-find-them picked-five track-down bumped-into couple-more searched-under-coastal-rocks exquisite pearly-translucent tiny-species barely-2.5mm-long first-discovered known-only-from-Wales nearby searched-damp ferny-woodlands alien-looking astonishing-jumping-powers named-new-to-science travelled Devon's-Lundy-Island try-and-see particularly-rare-pairing only-known-example endemic-beetle possibly-endemic spend-their-lives wintry-visit search elusive-and-threatened found-in-just-a-few-sites within-the-city perpetually-under-pressure owes-its-survival tireless-efforts guided-tour prime-Northern-February-Red-Stonefly habitat blew-my-mind musical-prowess stoneflies-'drum'tapping-their-abdomens slithering-through-tight muddy underground-tunnels personal-favourite utterly-gorgeous spends-its-life chance-search Devon-coast first-sighting almost-thirty-years ones-we've-lost immediately-drawn only-ever-known unfortunately Craig's-report hasn't-been-seen over-forty-years first-collected last-seen within-a-decade knowing-this-species-existed gone-forever sadly not-uncommon-theme endemic-invertebrates discovered hasn't-been-found over-a-century 70-years don't-think-anyone spotted since-the-1960s not-long-after first-described first-found strange-and-uncomfortable-truth some-of-the-most-important-species also-some-of-the-least-known by-definition Britain's-sole-global-responsibility lose-them-here despite-that-significance thankfully organisations-fighting raising-awareness rarest-and-most-threatened otherwise-remain leading-edge-research evolved-in-step Britain's-landscapes thousands unlike-more-familiar-species no-population-overseas nowhere-to-reintroduce why-I-wrote-Endemic utterly-unique mosses woodlice beetles buttercups stories-full-of right-attention action still-be-saved held-on possible within-our-reach all-good-booksellers overlooked-and-irreplaceable Backs-Goldilocks-Buttercup Heather-Stuckey About-the-Author trekking-up-mountains scouring-fens investigating-exotic-invertebrates fascination-with-wildlife RSPB's-Big-Garden-Birdwatch BSBI's-New-Year-Plant-Hunt Back-from-the-Brink-project care-deeply currently ensure-everyone opportunity work-with-BSBI SHARE-ON
Conservula
Conservula is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. The genus contains at least 17 described species distributed across multiple continents. Members exhibit distinctive morphological traits, including naked eyes without lashes, fully developed proboscis, and characteristic metathoracic tuft development that varies geographically.
moths Noctuidae Noctuinae Lepidoptera genus Grote-1874
Coscinocephalus
Coscinocephalus is a genus of rhinoceros beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, established by Prell in 1936. The genus comprises at least two described species: Coscinocephalus cribrifrons, described by Schaeffer in 1906, and Coscinocephalus tepehuanus, described by Morón & Ratcliffe in 1996. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Dynastinae and tribe Pentodontini, placing them among the smaller rhinoceros beetles.
Dynastinae Pentodontini rhinoceros-beetle North-America Mexico 1936 Prell Scarabaeidae Scarabaeoidea Coleoptera Insecta Arthropoda Animalia Coscinocephalus-cribrifrons Coscinocephalus-tepehuanus Schaeffer-1906 Morón-&-Ratcliffe-1996 Nearctic genus beetle
Crinodes
Crinodes is a genus of moths in the family Notodontidae, established by Herrich-Schäffer in 1855. The genus is placed in the subfamily Dudusinae. At least one species, Crinodes besckei, has been studied for larval mouthpart functional morphology. The genus contains multiple species with records spanning the Americas.
Notodontidae Dudusinae Lepidoptera moths genus Herrich-Schäffer-1855
Crocinosoma
Crocinosoma is a genus of tachinid flies established by Reinhard in 1947. The genus belongs to the tribe Leskiini within the subfamily Tachininae. Two species have been described: C. cornuale and C. cornualis, both authored by Reinhard in the same year. As with other tachinid flies, members of this genus are presumably parasitoids, though specific host relationships remain undocumented.
tachinidae parasitoid genus reinhard-1947
Crumbana
Crumbana is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae. The genus was established by Oman in 1949. It belongs to the tribe Deltocephalini, a diverse group within the leafhopper superfamily Membracoidea. Species-level information for this genus appears limited in public databases.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Deltocephalini Membracoidea Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera Insecta genus
Cryptopygus
Cryptopygus is a genus of springtails (Collembola: Isotomidae) with a cosmopolitan distribution spanning polar, temperate, and tropical regions. The genus includes Antarctic endemics such as C. terranovus, a relict species that survived the Last Glacial Maximum on the Antarctic continent, as well as species from seashores, littoral zones, and terrestrial habitats. At least 29 species are recognized in the Americas. Some species exhibit specialized ecological associations, including an undescribed Mexican species found in association with the hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus.
springtail Collembola Isotomidae Antarctic littoral seashore genus
Cymoninus
Cymoninus is a genus of true bugs in the family Ninidae, established by Breddin in 1907. The genus comprises at least four described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Members of this genus are small, seed-feeding heteropterans within the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The family Ninidae is relatively poorly studied compared to other lygaeoid families.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Ninidae true-bugs seed-bugs tropical-insects genus Breddin-1907
Danaus
tiger milkweed butterflies, tigers, milkweeds, monarchs, wanderers, queens
Danaus is a genus of butterflies in the tiger butterfly tribe (Danaini), commonly known as tiger milkweed butterflies, monarchs, wanderers, and queens. The genus includes some of the most recognizable butterflies worldwide, notably the migratory monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Species in this genus are characterized by their association with milkweed host plants (Asclepias spp.), from which larvae sequester cardiac glycosides for chemical defense. The genus has a global distribution spanning North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Indonesia, and Australia, and serves as an important model system for studying migration, plant-insect coevolution, and genome evolution.
genus Nymphalidae Danainae milkweed-butterflies migratory-butterflies cardiac-glycoside-sequestration aposematic-coloration flagship-species genome-model
Decinea
Decinea is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae, established by Evans in 1955. The genus contains approximately twelve recognized species distributed in the Neotropical region. Several species formerly placed in Decinea have been transferred to other genera including Lindra, Oligoria, and Testia based on revised taxonomy.
skipper Neotropical Hesperiidae genus Lepidoptera
Decua
Decua is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Cicadellini, established by Oman in 1949. As a member of the subfamily Cicadellinae, it belongs to a diverse group of sap-feeding insects commonly known as sharpshooters. The genus is part of the large leafhopper fauna of the Western Hemisphere. No species-level biological data or diagnostic descriptions are readily available in major databases.
leafhopper Cicadellidae sharpshooter genus Western-Hemisphere
Diasemiodes
Diasemiodes is a genus of small moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus was established by Munroe in 1957 and contains at least four described species distributed in the Americas. These moths are part of the diverse grass moth group, though specific ecological details remain limited in the literature.
Spilomelinae Crambidae moths New-World genus
Diastictis
Diastictis is a genus of crambid moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae, established by Hübner in 1827. The genus comprises approximately ten recognized species, most described by Munroe in 1956. Species occur primarily in North America, with records from the United States including Vermont. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with two former species transferred to other genera.
Crambidae Spilomelinae North-America genus moths
Dichaetocoris
Dichaetocoris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Knight in 1968. Members of this genus belong to the suborder Heteroptera, the true bugs, and are part of the diverse mirid fauna of North America. The genus is characterized by distinctive structural features of the male genitalia, particularly the form of the parameres. Species within Dichaetocoris are generally small, delicate mirids associated with herbaceous vegetation.
Miridae Heteroptera plant-bugs North-America Knight-1968 genus Cimicomorpha
Dielis tolteca
Toltec scoliid wasp
Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.
scoliid-wasp parasitoid scarab-beetle western-Colorado McInnis-Canyons spring-emergence Solidago mustards biological-control Hymenoptera Scoliidae Dielis Campsomerini biodiversity-survey integrated-pest-management melissa-schreiner extension-entomology saussure-1857 toltec-scoliid-wasp riparian Colorado-River flower-visitor nectar-feeding solitary-wasp ground-nesting-parasitoid scarab-grub-parasitoid aculeate apocrita aculeata campsomerinae western-North-America Nearctic Neotropical Mesoamerica Arizona Baja-California Sonora underground-host-hunter external-parasitoid larval-provisioning spring-active insect-biodiversity rare-ecosystem-survey natural-heritage-survey CSU-extension Colorado-State-University agricultural-pest-management tree-fruit wine-grapes row-crops invasive-species-monitoring Japanese-beetle Popillia-japonica corn-earworm Helicoverpa-zea IPM pest-monitoring moth-trapping B3-allele-testing citizen-science Department-of-Agriculture-trapping targeted-larval-treatments Mesa-County Palisade-peaches Olathe-sweet-corn heritage-crops Warner-College-of-Natural-Resources Colorado-Natural-Heritage-Survey Ouray-County field-survey intensive-survey under-surveyed-counties insect-abundance ecosystem-health field-days educational-outreach continuing-education commercial-pesticide-applicators licensed-applicators visual-artist nature-illustration mixed-media Art-Bug-Studios botanical-illustration insect-illustration Colorado-Master-Gardener adult-learning garden-education pest-identification naturalist photography backpacking hiking historical-sites wilderness solitude mushroom-hunting edible-fungi morels chanterelles king-boletes Southern-Rockies Rainbow-trout fishing camping backwoods-cooking public-lands Front-Range youth-farmer Cultiva-Youth-Project farmers-markets European-honey-bee wild-bee-swarms plant-identification visual-skills observation fieldwork insect-ecology American-southwest wildlife-and-people complex-histories teaching natural-world curiosity hands-on-experience Colorado-arthropods standout-ECP early-career-professional Entomological-Society-of-America ECP-Committee terminal-degree applied-research education-program tree-fruit-pest-management wine-grape-pest-management row-crop-pest-management invasive-species eradication trapping larval-treatment biodiversity-documentation rare-ecosystems under-surveyed-regions ecosystem-survey five-year-survey intensive-surveys unique-Colorado-ecosystems agriculture Palisade Olathe IPM-strategies corn-earworm-management sweet-corn-farms arborists public-safety educational-programs Coloradans farms schools museums master's-degree Whitney-Cranshaw arthropod-diversity industrial-hemp Ph.D.-program Micky-Eubanks remote-program western-Colorado-crops outdoor-work natural-world-understanding garden-insects plant-ID-team insect-identification insect-observation insect-photography insect-stories academic-success deep-knowledge teaching-others valued-pursuit extension-work caring-for-people insects-second insect-samples precise-identifications research-sites commercial-farms orchards onsite-investigations informed-solutions stone-fruit-orchard unexpected-pest-species Cooperative-Agricultural-Pest-Survey rapid-response invasive-threats pest-management-professionals public-health-officials food-safety-experts cafeterias processing-facilities rural-library high-alpine-public-lands outreach-programs scientific-knowledge practical-solutions student-educational-events continuing-education-workshops licensed-commercial-pesticide-applicators February-workshop hundreds-of-applicators wide-range-of-disciplines educational-programming community-collaboration complex-ecological-challenges complex-agricultural-challenges unique-extension-program predominantly-IPM rewarding-work creative-illustration insect-biology complex-scientific-concepts engaging-education accessible-education statewide-Colorado-Master-Gardener-Program hundreds-of-visuals gardeners insect-pests enhanced-adult-learning empowered-master-gardeners insect-related-inquiries education-and-practical-solutions fulfilling-work narrowing-focus greatest-challenge needs-everywhere insects-know-no-county-lines large-area-to-cover not-enough-personnel early-career-excitement saying-yes-to-projects tempting-to-dive-in all-kinds-of-insect-related-work pest-management-every-crop biodiversity-surveys public-education delegation successful-funding-strategies more-personnel prioritize-self-care tough-lesson efficiency impactful-work focus-on-key-areas skills-and-interests spreading-too-thin compromise-quality affect-well-being narrowing-areas-of-focus thoughtful-targeted-support healthier-work-life-balance meaningful-work not-just-widespread save-the-world-or-savor-the-world balance-concepts healthy-career deliberately-live-life-outside-entomology family-time friends-time public-lands-time individual-values cultural-values traditions solo-traveling comfort-zone habits routines old-friends 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no-mandible-enlargement ovipositor-not-long couplet-5 no-large-ovipositor male smooth-face not-Bochus Onosandridus key Review-of-southern-African-Anostostomatidae Brettschneider hind-femur-never-armed spines-hooks males-no-head-modification Sam-Heads Orthoptera-expert Illinois-Natural-History-Survey Anostostomatidae genus-Onosandridus-Péringuey two-impressive-spines inner-surface-protibia Bochus-characteristic head-face-tuberculate former-genus specimen-clearly-not Heath Jason correct-genus Heath-first points Peter Chris final-standings Ziad-Khouri Zeroing-in-on-Mammoth-Wasps Scoliid-Wasps Bug-Squad UC-Davis-doctoral-candidate Lynn-Kimsey major-professor distinguished-professor seminar UC-Davis-Department-of-Entomology-and-Nematology Wednesday-March-30 spring-quarter-seminars 4:10-p.m.Pacific-Daylight-Time 122-Briggs-Hall Zoom unique-work modern-systematic-treatment genus-species-level-taxonomy-mess modern-classical-techniques taxonomic-order evolution-discovered Bohart-Museum 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longipennis-Dissosteira magna-Brachystola magnifica-Trimerotropis melanoptera-Trimerotropis montanus-Xanthippus montezuma-Syrbula nebrascensis-Phoetaliotes neglectus-Cratypedes nevadensis-Acrolophitus niveus-Oecanthus nubilum-Boopedon obscura-Opeia occidentalis-Melanoplus occipitalis-Cordillacris ocelote-Hippiscus olivacea-Campylacantha oregonensis-Melanoplus packardii-Melanoplus pallidipennis-Trimerotropis pardalinus-Metator parviceps-Cibolacris pelidna-Orphulella pellucida-Camnula picta-Mermiria pistrinaria-Trimerotropis plattei-Mestobregma ponderosus-Melanoplus pseudonietana-Arphia quadrimaculatum-Phlibostroma quadripunctatus-Oecanthus rabula-Circotettix regalis-Melanoplus robusta-Udeopsylla robustus-Leprus rufa-Heliaula sanguinipes-Melanoplus simplex-Anabrus simplex-Arphia simplex-Eritettix sordidus-Encoptolophus sparsa-Trimerotropis speciosa-Orphulella speciosus-Hesperotettix splendidus-Melanoplus spretus-Melanoplus spurcata-Dissosteira subgracilis-Encoptolophus sulcifrons-Conozoa tenuipennis-Aeoloplides texana-Conozoa texana-Mermiria texana-Psoloessa tolteca-Trimerotropis trifasciatus-Hadrotettix tristis-Melanoplus turnbulli-Aeoloplides utahensis-Ceuthophilus verruculatus-Trimerotropis virgata-Paropomala viridifasciata-Chortophaga viridis-Hesperotettix wyomingensis-Paropomala xanthoptera-Arphia yarrowii-Melanoplus not-true-grasshoppers Acrididae discussed-manual confused-with-grasshoppers top-of-page back-to-contents navigation-main-page learn-more biology distribution-maps fact-sheets key-to-stages grasshopper-development grasshopper-names-common-scientific grasshopper-names-species-genus grasshopper-names-genus-species Acrolophitus-hirtipes Acrolophitus-nevadensis Aeoloplides-chenopodii Aeoloplides-tenuipennis Aeoloplides-tumbulli Aeropedellus-clavatus Ageneotettix-deorum Amphitomus-coloradus Anabrus-simplex Arphia-conspersa Arphia-pseudonietana Arphia-simplex Arphia-xanthoptera Aulocara-elliotti Aulocara-femoratum Boopedon-nubilum Brachystola-magna Camnula-pellucida Campylacantha-olivacea Ceuthophilus-alpinus Ceuthophilus-fusiformis Ceuthophilus-utahensis Chloealtis-abdominalis Chloealtis-conspersa Chorthippus-curtipennis Chortophaga-viridifasciata Cibolacris-parviceps Circotettix-carlinianus Circotettix-rabula Conozoa-suicifrons Conozoa-texana Cordillacris-crenulata Cordillacris-occipitalis Cratypedes-neglectus Dactylotum-bicolor Daihnia-brevipes Derotmema-haydeni Dissosteira-carolina Dissosteira-longipennis Dissosteira-spurcata Encoptolophus-sordidus Encoptolophus-subgracilis Eritettix-simplex Gryllus-spp Hadrotettix-trifasciatus Heliaula-rufa Hesperotettix-speciosus Hesperotettix-viridis Hippiscus-ocelote Hippopedon-capito Hypochlora-alba Leprus-cyaneus Leprus-robustus Melanoplus-alpinus Melanoplus-angustipennis Melanoplus-arizonae Melanoplus-bispinosus Melanoplus-bivittatus Melanoplus-borealis Melanoplus-bowditchi Melanoplus-bruneri Melanoplus-complanatipes Melanoplus-confusus Melanoplus-dawsonii Melanoplus-differentialis Melanoplus-discolor Melanoplus-dodgei Melanoplus-fasciatus Melanoplus-femurrubrum Melanoplus-flavidus Melanoplus-foedus Melanoplus-gladstoni Melanoplus-glaucipes Melanoplus-infantilis Melanoplus-keeleri Melanoplus-kennicotti Melanoplus-lakinus Melanoplus-occidentalis Melanoplus-oregonensis Melanoplus-packardii Melanoplus-ponderosus Melanoplus-regalis Melanoplus-sanguinipes Melanoplus-splendidus Melanoplus-spretus Melanoplus-tristis Melanoplus-yarrowii Mermiria-bivittata Mermiria-picta Mermiria-texana Mestobregma-plattei Metator-pardalinus Oecanthus-argentinus Oecanthus-californicus Oecanthus-niveus Oecanthus-quadripunctatus Oedaloenotus-enigma Opeia-obscura Orphulella-pelidna Orphulella-speciosa Pardalophora-apiculata Pardalophora-haidemanii Paropomala-virgata Paropomala-wyomingensis Phlibostroma-quadrimaculatum Phoetaliotes-nebrascensis Pseudopomala-brachyptera Psoloessa-delicatula Psoloessa-texana Schistocerca-alutacea Spharagemon-bolli Spharagemon-collare Spharagemon-equale Spharagemon-humile Stenobothrus-brunneus Stethophyma-gracile Syrbula-admirabilis Syrbula-montezuma Trachyrhachys-aspera Trachyrhachys-coronata Trachyrhachys-kiowa Trimerotropis-agrestis Trimerotropis-californica Trimerotropis-campestris Trimerotropis-cincta Trimerotropis-citrina Trimerotropis-cyaneipennis Trimerotropis-fontana Trimerotropis-fratercula Trimerotropis-gracilis Trimerotropis-inconspicua Trimerotropis-latifasciata Trimerotropis-magnifica Trimerotropis-melanoptera Trimerotropis-pallidipennis Trimerotropis-pistrinaria Trimerotropis-sparsa Trimerotropis-tolteca Trimerotropis-verruculatus Tropidolophus-formosus Udeopsylla-robusta Xanthippus-corallipes Xanthippus-montanus true-grasshoppers Acrididae-discussed manual-confused grasshoppers-top page-back contents-navigation main-page learn-more-biology distribution-maps-fact sheets-key stages-grasshopper development-grasshoppers Colorado-grasshoppers Wyoming-West Entomology-GRASSHOPPERS COLORADO-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-GENUS SPECIES-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-COMMON SCIENTIFIC-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-SPECIES GENUS-abdominalis Chloealtis-Thomas Uhler-agrestis Trimerotropis-McNeill Dodge-alpinus Ceuthophilus-Scudder Scudder-alutacea Schistocerca-Scudder Dodge-apiculata Pardalophora-Harris Saussure-arizonae Melanoplus-Scudder Scudder-bicolor Dactylotum-Thomas Scudder-bivittata Mermiria-Serville Say-bolli Spharagemon-Morse Fieber-bowditchi Scudder-brevipes Daihnia-Haldeman Scudder-brunneus Stenobothrus-Thomas Bruner-californicus Oecanthus-Saussure McNeill-capito Hippopedon-Stal Thomas-carolina Dissosteira-L Bruner-cincta Trimerotropis-Thomas Scudder-clavatus Aeropedellus-Thomas Scudder-coloradus Amphitornus-Thomas Scudder-confusus Scudder-conspersa Chloealtis-Harris Haldeman-coronata Trachyrhachys-Scudder Bruner-curtipennis Chorthippus-Harris Bruner-cyaneus Leprus-Cockerell Scudder-delicatula Psoloessa-Scudder Scudder-differentialis Melanoplus-Thomas Scudder-dodgei Thomas-enigma Oedaloenotus-Scudder Say-fasciatus Melanoplus-F-Walker Scudder-femurrubrum Melanoplus-DeGeer Scudder-foedus Thomas-formosus Tropidolophus-Say McNeill-fusiformis Scudder-glaucipes Scudder-gracilis Scudder-haydeni Derotmema-Thomas Say-humile Bruner-infantilis Thomas-kennicotti Thomas-lakinus Scudder-longipennis Dissosteira-Thomas Girard-magnifica Trimerotropis-Rehn McNeill-montanus Xanthippus-Thomas Saussure-nebrascensis Phoetaliotes-Thomas Thomas-nevadensis Acrolophitus-Thomas DeGeer-nubilum Boopedon-Say Thomas-occidentalis Thomas-ocelote Hippiscus-Saussure Scudder-oregonensis Scudder-pallidipennis Trimerotropis-Burmeister Saussure-parviceps Cibolacris-Bruner Burmeister-pellucida Camnula-Scudder Walker-pistrinaria Trimerotropis-Saussure Thomas-ponderosus Thomas-quadrimaculatum Phlibostroma-Thomas Beutenmuller-rabula Circotettix-Rehn Hebard-regales Melanoplus-Dodge Haldeman-robustus Leprus-Hebard Scudder-sanguinipes Melanoplus-Fabricius Haldeman-simplex Arphia-Scudder Scudder-sordidus Encoptolophus-Burmeister Thomas-speciosa Orphulella-Scudder Scudder-splendidus Melanoplus-Hebard Walsh-spurcata Dissosteira-Saussure Caudell-sulcifrons Conozoa-Scudder Scudder-texana Conozoa-Bruner Bruner-texana Brunner-trifasciatus Hadrotettix-Say Bruner-turnbulli Aeoloplides-Caudell Thomas-verruculatus Trimerotropis-Scudder Scudder-viridifasciata Chortophaga-DeGeer Scudder-wyomingensis Paropomala-Thomas Burmeister-yarrowii species-not-true grasshoppers-Acrididae discussed-manual-because top-of-the page-back-to Contents-Navigation-Main Page-Grasshoppers-of Colorado-LEARN-MORE Biology-Distribution-Maps Fact-Sheets-Key to-Stages-of Grasshopper-Development-Biology Distribution-Maps-LEARN MORE-Distribution-Maps Fact-Sheets-LEARN MORE-Grasshoppers-of Colorado-Fact-Sheets of-Grasshopper-Development LEARN-MORE-Grasshoppers
Diplostethus
Diplostethus is a genus of click beetles (family Elateridae) containing six described species. Members range from 16 to 25 mm in length and are distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. The genus is morphologically similar to Pittonotus.
click-beetles Elateridae Nearctic Neotropical genus
Dirophanes
Dirophanes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus was established by Förster in 1869. Two species are recognized: Dirophanes anoukae and Dirophanes benjamini, both described by Hower in 2006. The genus has been recorded in Europe and North America.
parasitoid Ichneumonidae Hymenoptera insect genus Europe North-America
Disclisioprocta
Disclisioprocta is a genus of geometrid moths in the subfamily Larentiinae, established by Wallengren in 1861. The genus contains at least three species: D. stellata (type species), D. natalata, and D. edmondsii (transferred from Xanthorhoe in 2023). Species are characterized by distinctive male and female genitalia morphology, including bifid uncus, costal sclerotised band, stout sacculus projection, and plate-like cornutus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of the genus, though genetic distances between species are higher than typical for congenerics, suggesting possible undescribed diversity.
geometridae larentiinae south-america moths genus
Doru
Doru is a genus of earwigs in the family Forficulidae, established by Burr in 1907. It belongs to the subfamily Forficulinae and is part of the diverse group of Eudermaptera within the order Dermaptera. The genus has been documented through over 4,900 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is relatively well-observed in nature. Doru species are found within the broader distribution of Forficulidae, which has a cosmopolitan distribution with particular diversity in temperate and tropical regions.
earwig forficulid Dermaptera genus
Dragonana
Dragonana is a genus of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) in the tribe Gyponini, subfamily Iassinae. The genus was established by Ball and Reeves in 1927. As a member of the Gyponini, Dragonana belongs to a diverse group of leafhoppers characterized by particular wing venation patterns and genitalic structures. The genus contains multiple species, though detailed species-level taxonomy remains incompletely documented in public sources.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Gyponini Iassinae Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera Insecta Ball-&-Reeves-1927 genus true-bug planthopper-relative
Dryope
Dryope is a genus of flies in the family Dryomyzidae, established by Robineau-Desvoidy in 1830. The genus contains three recognized species. These flies are classified within the order Diptera (true flies) and are part of the subfamily Dryomyzinae and tribe Dryomyzini.
Diptera Dryomyzidae flies genus Robineau-Desvoidy
Edia
Edia is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Odontiinae. The genus was established by Harrison Gray Dyar in 1913. It contains two described species: Edia minutissima (Smith, 1906) and Edia semiluna (Smith, 1905). The genus is placed within the snout moth family Crambidae, a large and diverse group of Lepidoptera.
Crambidae Odontiinae moth genus Dyar-1913
Elaphropus
Elaphropus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, containing at least 370 described species. These small beetles belong to the tribe Bembidiini and are part of the diverse carabid fauna found across multiple continents. The genus was established by Motschulsky in 1839 and represents a significant component of global ground beetle diversity.
Carabidae ground-beetles Bembidiini Coleoptera Trechinae Tachyina genus global-distribution diverse-genus
Ellipteroides
Ellipteroides is a genus of crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae: Chioneinae) comprising 122 extant species distributed across all biogeographical regions except Australasia. The genus includes five subgenera (Ellipteroides, Progonomyia, Protogonomyia, Ptilostenodes, Ramagonomyia, Sivagonomyia) plus three newly proposed subgenera (Afroellipteroides, Iberiopteroides, Photogonomyia) and a new fossil subgenus Jantares from Eocene Baltic amber. Species are small blackish insects with characteristic yellow thoracic bands and abdominal stripes. The fossil record includes two Eocene species: E. kishenehn from Middle Eocene Montana and E. hansi from Priabonian Baltic amber (38-34 million years ago).
crane-fly Limoniidae Tipuloidea Chioneinae genus Eocene-fossil Baltic-amber
Enargia
Enargia is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, first described by Hübner in 1821. The genus contains approximately twelve recognized species distributed across the Holarctic region. Members are classified within the subfamily Noctuinae, tribe Xylenini, subtribe Cosmiina.
moths Noctuidae Noctuinae Xylenini Holarctic genus
Eosphoropteryx
Eosphoropteryx is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Plusiinae, established by Dyar in 1902. The genus contains a single described species, Eosphoropteryx thyatyroides. It belongs to the tribe Plusiini, a group of owlet moths commonly known as loopers or plusiines. Records indicate occurrence in the northeastern United States.
Noctuidae Plusiinae Plusiini moth genus United-States Vermont
Ephippiphora
Ephippiphora is a genus of tortrix moths established by Duponchel in 1834. It is currently treated as a synonym of Grapholita, a large genus within the subfamily Olethreutinae. The genus belongs to the tribe Grapholitini, which contains numerous small moth species often associated with fruit and seed feeding. Ephippiphora has been documented in 711 iNaturalist observations.
taxon genus tortrix-moth synonym Grapholita Olethreutinae Grapholitini
Eriocraniella
Eriocraniella is a genus of small moths in the family Eriocraniidae, established by Viette in 1949. The genus contains eight species divided into two subgenera: Eriocraniella and Disfurcula. These moths are characterized by their diminutive size and relatively broad wings. The genus is restricted to the Nearctic region.
eriocraniidae primitive-moths nearctic small-moths genus
Escaria
Escaria is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, containing two described species: E. clauda and E. homogena. The genus was established by Grote in 1882 and is classified within the subfamily Noctuinae and tribe Hadenini. Both species are native to North America. The genus is rarely encountered, with minimal observational records available.
Noctuidae Noctuinae Hadenini North-America rarely-observed genus
Euagrus
curtain web spiders
Euagrus is a genus of curtain web spiders in the family Euagridae, first described by Anton Ausserer in 1875. The genus contains 22 species as of October 2025. It is morphologically similar to the genus Allothele, with several species historically transferred between the two genera. The name "Evagrus" occasionally appears in literature but represents a transcript error rather than a valid synonym.
spider arachnid curtain-web Euagridae genus
Eubulus
hidden snout weevils
Eubulus is a genus of hidden snout weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by Kirsch in 1870. The genus contains at least 200 described species. These beetles are characterized by a concealed rostrum that is not visible from above, a trait that distinguishes them from many other weevil genera.
Coleoptera Curculionidae weevils hidden-snout-weevils beetles genus Kirsch-1870
Eulasiona
Eulasiona is a genus of tachinid flies established by Townsend in 1892. The genus currently contains 12 described species distributed primarily in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. As members of the family Tachinidae, these flies are parasitoids, though specific host associations for most Eulasiona species remain undocumented. The genus is classified in the subfamily Dexiinae and tribe Voriini.
Tachinidae Dexiinae Voriini parasitoid Diptera Brachycera Calyptratae Oestroidea genus Townsend-1892 Nearctic Neotropical rarely-collected flower-visitor biological-control-potential undocumented-hosts male-genitalia-identification scarce-data taxonomic-stability
Eupterella
Eupterella is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by DeLong & Ruppel in 1950. It belongs to the tribe Typhlocybini and subtribe Typhlocybina. The genus is poorly documented with minimal available information on its species diversity and biology.
leafhopper Typhlocybinae Typhlocybini Cicadellidae Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Membracoidea insect arthropod genus 1950-description DeLong Ruppel
Eurrhyparodes
Eurrhyparodes is a genus of snout moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus was established by Snellen in 1880 and contains approximately 12 recognized species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Species in this genus are characterized by their relatively broad wings and often exhibit bold patterning. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with at least one species transferred to the genus Gonocausta.
Crambidae Spilomelinae snout-moths tropical-moths Lepidoptera genus Snellen-1880
Evaniella
Evaniella is a genus of ensign wasps (family Evaniidae) established by Bradley in 1905. The genus contains more than 70 described species, making it one of the larger genera within its family. Members of this genus share the characteristic ensign wasp body plan, including the distinctive laterally compressed abdomen that gives the family its common name.
ensign-wasps parasitoid-wasps cockroach-parasitoids Hymenoptera Evaniidae tropical-wasps genus Bradley-1905 70+-species South-America
Fagitana
Fagitana is a genus of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Walker in 1865. The genus contains two described species: Fagitana gigantea (Draudt, 1950) and Fagitana littera (Guenée, 1852). It belongs to the subfamily Noctuinae, one of the largest and most diverse groups within Noctuidae.
Noctuidae Noctuinae moth genus Walker-1865
Filacus
Filacus is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, established by Smith & Gibson in 1984. As a member of the Hymenoptera order, these insects are characterized by a broad connection between the thorax and abdomen, lacking the constricted 'wasp waist' seen in many related groups. The genus is recognized within the diverse sawfly fauna, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
sawfly Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera genus
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
leafhopper cicadellidae deltocephalinae paralimnini flexamia grass-specialist michigan-endemic auchenorrhyncha hemiptera insecta arthropoda animalia true-bug planthopper-relative 1999-description bess hamilton huroni huron-river usa north-america grassland-insect host-specific poorly-known rare uncommon data-deficient gbif catalogue-of-life ncbi inaturalist taxon species accepted hexapoda cicadomorpha clypeata membracoidea paralimnina flexamia-huroni bess-&-hamilton 1999 exact-match accepted-name canonical-name scientific-name authorship rank status matched taxonomy classification eukaryota metazoa distribution michigan observations 0 wikipedia none preferred-common-name huron-river-leafhopper true-bugs group kingdom phylum class order family genus authority ipt integrated-publishing-toolkit biodiversity-data-journal zookeys nature-conservation comparative-cytogenetics open-access open-access journal publication dataset specimen type nomenclatural-type herbarium university-of-granada spain fungi lichens agaricales cortinarius antonio-ortega mediterranean france italy image-collection colección-de-imágenes-de-los-tipos-nomenclaturales-de-hongos líquenes musgos-y-algas gda gdac vizoso quesada 2015 doi 10.3897 bdj 3 e5204 new-species new-jersey-pine-barrens muhlenbergia-torreyana pinebarren-smokegrass threatened-species andrew-hicks museum-of-natural-history university-of-colorado gerry-moore natural-resources-conservation-service greensboro nc uli-lorimer brooklyn-botanic-garden f.-whitcombi robert-whitcomb microbiology ornithology ecology host-plant warming-climate human-activities zookeys-511 69-79 zookeys.511.9572 roundworm nematode antarctic amblydorylaimus-isokaryoni pararhyssocolpus-paradoxus bulgaria scanning-electron-microscopy sem maritime-antarctic antarctic-islands lip-region spear vulva postembryonic-development molecular-analyses dorylaimida elshishka lazarova radoslavov hristov peneva 25-68 zookeys.511.9793 anidiv2 bulgarian-academy-of-sciences national-scientific-fund octocoral okinawa japan nanipora-kamurai living-fossil blue-coral heliopora aragonite-calcium-carbonate skeleton scleractinians soft-coral heliporacea lithotelestidae epiphaxum deep-sea shallow-coral-reef zamami-island national-park miyazaki reimer 1-23 zookeys.511.9432 non-biting-midge chironomus ch.-bernensis north-caucasus russia caucasian-populations europe siberia karyotype morphology mouthparts larvae chromosome genotypic-combinations mineralization eutrophication karmokov polukonova sinichkina tembotov-institute-of-ecology-of-mountain-territories saratov-state-medical-university comparative-cytogenetics-9 281-297 compcytogen.v9i3.4519 sea-turtle rescue-centre first-aid-station loggerhead green-turtle caretta-caretta chelonia-mydas bycatch mortality greece migration sexual-maturity ullmann stachowitsch uit-the-arctic-university-of-norway nature-conservation-10 45-69 natureconservation.10.4890 regional-activity-centre-for-specially-protected-areas porcupine coendou-ichillus lower-urubamba peru canopy-bridge pipeline natural-gas arboreal camera-trap dwarf-porcupine iquitos 770g gregory lunde zamora-meza carrasco-rueda repsol-exploración-perú zookeys-509 109-121 zookeys.509.9821 ant prionopelta madagascar seychelles subterranean leaf-litter dracula-ant hemolymph larval-hemolymph-feeding oophagy madagascar-biodiversity-center overson fisher zookeys-507 115-150 zookeys.507.9303 ito billen masuko spider anelosimus subsocial cobweb-spider theridiidae deforestation biodiversity-hotspot agnarsson university-of-vermont smithsonian-national-museum-of-natural-history wallace huxley buffon hooker lamarck darwin moramora eriophyoid-mite acari xinjiang china rosaceae paracolomerus gall ji-wei-li wang xue zhang zookeys-508 97-111 zookeys.508.8940 shihezi-university grasshopper wyoming melanoplus melanoplinae acrididae tetrigidae gomphocerniae oedipodinae cyrtacanthacridinae distribution-atlas field-guide wgis wyoming-grasshopper-information-system key capinera sechrist hebard helfer scudder blatchley thomas say harris degeer bruner saussure girard dodge walker fieber fabricius serville mcneill tinkham burmeister haldeman big-horn-mountains black-hills gladston indigens infantilis dodgei oregonensis marshalli yellowstone-national-park sagebrush pine elevation shortgrass-prairie mixedgrass-prairie forb grass economic-damage rangeland benefit overwinter egg hatch adult late-summer august october june life-cycle food-habit size collection survey underreported common endemic restricted-range forest-opening grassy moderate-elevation larger smaller east west united-states america north south central range extent limited restricted abundant population density occurrence presence absence habitat environment condition altitude topography terrain vegetation plant shrub tree forest opening meadow prairie steppe savanna woodland draw slope aspect soil substrate moisture temperature climate weather season phenology timing activity nymph emerge molt develop grow reproduce mate oviposit die generation voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine semivoltine diapause aestivation hibernation dispersal movement behavior habit action feeding diet food host association relationship interaction specialist generalist monophagy oligophagy polyphagy herbivore detritivore predator parasitoid scavenger economic-importance pest beneficial neutral damage control management conservation threatened endangered vulnerable secure unknown global-biodiversity-information-facility es biodiversity-image-portal spanish-collections type-specimen lichen antarctica bernensis li yellowstone
Ganyra
Ganyra is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae, distributed across the Neotropical region. The genus contains three recognized species: Ganyra howarthi, Ganyra josephina, and Ganyra phaloe. Members of this genus are part of the whites and sulfurs group, characterized by their generally pale wing coloration. The genus was established by Billberg in 1820.
Neotropical Pieridae butterflies genus
Glenoides
Glenoides is a genus of geometrid moths in the subfamily Ennominae, established by James Halliday McDunnough in 1920. The genus contains two recognized species: Glenoides lenticuligera (described 1973) and Glenoides texanaria (described 1888). It is placed within the diverse Geometridae family, commonly known as geometer moths or inchworms.
geometridae ennominae moths north-america genus
Glyphidocera
Glyphidocera is a genus of small moths in the family Autostichidae, subfamily Symmocinae. The genus contains numerous described species, with particularly high diversity documented in Central America—88 new species were described from Costa Rica alone in a 2005 revision. Species-level taxonomy relies heavily on genitalia morphology and wing venation patterns. The genus has been recorded from North, Central, and South America.
moth microlepidoptera Neotropical Symmocinae genus
Gonocausta
Gonocausta is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus was established by Julius Lederer in 1863 and contains five described species distributed in the Americas. Species include G. sabinalis, G. simulata, G. vestigialis, G. voralis, and the type species G. zephyralis. Members of this genus are part of the diverse snout moth fauna of the Neotropical region.
Crambidae Spilomelinae Neotropical snout-moth Lederer-1863 genus Lepidoptera
Hebardacris
Mount Whitney grasshopper (for H. albida)
Hebardacris is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, established by Rehn in 1952. The genus contains at least three described species: H. albida (Mount Whitney grasshopper), H. excelsa, and H. mono. These species are native to western North America, with records concentrated in California. The genus belongs to the tribe Podismini within the subfamily Melanoplinae.
grasshopper spur-throated Melanoplinae Podismini western-North-America California Sierra-Nevada Mono-Lake endemic alpine mountain rare genus Acrididae Orthoptera
Heliothelopsis
Heliothelopsis is a genus of small moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Odontiinae, established by Munroe in 1961. The genus contains three described species: H. arbutalis (Snellen, 1875), H. costipunctalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914), and H. unicoloralis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914). These moths are classified within the pyraloid group of Lepidoptera. The genus appears to be relatively poorly documented, with limited biological and ecological information available in scientific literature.
Crambidae Odontiinae Pyraloidea moths genus
Hemibryomima
Hemibryomima is a genus of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Noctuinae. It was established by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1927. The genus contains two recognized species: Hemibryomima chryselectra (Grote, 1880) and Hemibryomima olivaria (Hampson, 1918). Both species are North American in distribution.
Noctuidae Noctuinae North-America moths genus 1927-description Barnes-&-Benjamin
Hendecaneura
Hendecaneura is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae, established by Walsingham in 1900. The genus contains seven described species distributed primarily in Asia and North America. At least one species, H. shawiana, is a documented agricultural pest of blueberry. Most species were described by Walsingham in 1900 from material collected in Asia.
Tortricidae Olethreutinae Lepidoptera genus blueberry-pest H.-shawiana Asia North-America agricultural-pest internal-feeder
Hoplandria
Hoplandria is a genus of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae, subfamily Aleocharinae) established by Kraatz in 1857. The Nearctic fauna comprises 12 recognized species arranged in four subgenera: Hoplandria, Genosema, Lophomucter, and Arrhenandria. The genus is taxonomically well-characterized through revisionary work, though biological and ecological data remain limited.
rove-beetles Aleocharinae Staphylinidae Nearctic taxonomy genus
Hyalorista
Hyalorista is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, established by Warren in 1892. The genus contains five described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. Members of this genus are classified within the subfamily Pyraustinae, a diverse group of grass moths and related lineages. The genus is characterized by specific wing pattern elements that distinguish it from related genera, though detailed biological information remains limited.
moths Crambidae Pyraustinae Neotropical genus
Hypatopa
Hypatopa is a genus of small moths in the family Blastobasidae, established by Walsingham in 1907. The genus occurs across the Holarctic region, with documented species in China, Scandinavia, and other regions. Recent taxonomic work has expanded the known species diversity, particularly in East Asia.
genus Blastobasidae Lepidoptera taxonomic-revision-available
Idiostethus
flower weevils
Idiostethus is a genus of flower weevils established by Thomas Lincoln Casey in 1892. The genus comprises at least 20 described species within the family Curculionidae. Members are small beetles associated with flowers.
weevil flower-weevil Curculionidae Coleoptera genus Casey-1892
Lacon
Lacon is a genus of click beetles (family Elateridae) first described by Laporte in 1838. The genus belongs to the subfamily Agrypninae and contains multiple species distributed across Europe, Asia, and North America. Species within this genus are morphologically similar, often requiring examination of genitalia and subtle external characters for accurate identification. A new species, L. mertliki, was described in 2019 from the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran.
click-beetle Elateridae Agrypninae Coleoptera beetle genus
Lecaniobius
Lecaniobius is a genus of chalcidoid wasps in the family Eupelmidae, established by Ashmead in 1896. Members of this genus are parasitoid wasps, a characteristic common to the Eupelmidae family. The genus has been documented from Peru and the United States based on specimen records. As with many chalcidoid genera, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
parasitoid-wasp chalcidoid Eupelmidae Eupelminae Hymenoptera Ashmead-1896 genus Peru United-States Neotropical Nearctic
Leucophenga
Leucophenga is a large genus of fruit flies in the family Drosophilidae, comprising at least 240 described species. The genus was established by Mik in 1886 and is classified within the subfamily Steganinae. Species occur across multiple continents with documented diversity in India, northern Europe, and other regions. The genus has received taxonomic attention, including recent species descriptions from northern India.
fruit-fly Drosophilidae Steganinae genus Asia Europe diverse-species-group
Limnocoris
Limnocoris is a genus of creeping water bugs in the family Naucoridae, comprising over 70 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropics. The genus was established by Stål in 1860 and represents the type genus of the subfamily Limnocorinae. Recent taxonomic revisions have significantly revised species boundaries, describing numerous new species and resolving synonymies across North America, the tropical Andes, and the Amazon/Guiana Shield regions. Species exhibit wing polymorphism and are distinguished by detailed morphological characters of the genitalia and terminalia.
creeping-water-bug aquatic-insect Neotropical Nepomorpha Naucoridae Limnocorinae taxonomy genus
Liometophilus
hidden snout weevils
Liometophilus is a genus of hidden snout weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by H.C. Fall in 1912. The genus contains at least two described species: L. manni and L. manui. As members of the "hidden snout weevils" group, species in this genus possess a distinctive rostrum that can be retracted into a ventral groove.
Curculionidae hidden-snout-weevils weevil beetle genus
Lionothus
Lionothus is a genus of small beetles in the family Leiodidae, established by W.J. Brown in 1937. Members belong to the tribe Leiodini within the subfamily Leiodinae. The genus is poorly documented in public sources, with minimal observational records available.
Leiodidae Leiodinae Leiodini Coleoptera beetles genus 1937 Brown
Lithostege
Lithostege is a species-rich genus of geometrid moths in the subfamily Larentiinae, containing approximately 53 described species worldwide. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1825 and exhibits a predominantly Palaearctic distribution, with species recorded across Europe, Asia, and North America. African occurrences are limited to northern Palaearctic regions. The genus is taxonomically well-studied, with recent revisions adding new species from Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and China.
Geometridae Larentiinae moths Holarctic Palaearctic desert-moths mountain-moths taxonomy genus Lepidoptera
Litolinga
Litolinga is a genus of stiletto flies (family Therevidae, subfamily Therevinae) established by Irwin and Lyneborg in 1981. The genus contains two described species, L. acuta and L. tergisa, both restricted to the Nearctic Region. A comprehensive revision by Webb (2009) provided redescriptions, genitalia illustrations, identification keys, and distribution maps for both species.
stiletto-fly Nearctic Therevidae Therevinae diptera genus North-America
Lotophila
lesser dung flies
Lotophila is a genus of small flies in the family Sphaeroceridae, commonly known as lesser dung flies. The genus was established by Lioy in 1864 and contains at least three described species distributed across Europe and the Oriental Region. Species are found in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the United States (Vermont), Vietnam, Nepal, and Thailand. The genus includes Lotophila atra (Meigen, 1830), Lotophila nepalensis Hayashi, 1991, and Lotophila vietnamica Hayashi, 2003.
Sphaeroceridae lesser-dung-flies Diptera genus Oriental-Region Europe North-America
Lozotaenia
Lozotaenia is a genus of tortricid moths in the tribe Archipini, established by Stephens in 1829. The genus was recently discovered in Taiwan with the description of Lozotaenia xiaofengkouensis Lu & Hsu sp. nov. Most species are found in the Palearctic region, particularly northern Europe. The genus comprises small to medium-sized moths with characteristic tortricid wing patterns and resting posture.
Tortricidae Archipini Lepidoptera Taiwan Palearctic genus taxonomic-description genitalia-morphology
Lypsimena
Lypsimena is a genus of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Pogonocherini. The genus was established by Haldeman in 1847 and contains five described species distributed in the Americas. Members of this genus are characterized by their elongated body form typical of cerambycids, with antennal features and pronotal structure distinguishing them from related genera.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae Pogonocherini longhorn-beetles genus 1847
Lysilinga
Lysilinga is a genus of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) comprising 10 species distributed in North and Central America. The genus was established by Irwin and Lyneborg in 1981 and revised by Webb in 2006, who described seven new species and resolved two synonymies. Species are distinguished primarily by male and female genitalia morphology.
Therevidae stiletto-flies Diptera North-America Central-America genus
Macronaemia
Macronaemia is a genus of lady beetles (family Coccinellidae) containing three described species. The genus was established by Casey in 1899 and was long considered monotypic until additional species were recognized. It belongs to the diverse lady beetle radiation but remains relatively poorly documented compared to more familiar genera such as Coccinella or Harmonia.
lady-beetles Coccinellidae beetles Coleoptera genus
Macrorrhinia
snout moths
Macrorrhinia is a genus of snout moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. The genus was established by Ragonot in 1887, though some sources cite Barnes and McDunnough in 1913. It contains six recognized species distributed in North America. The genus is characterized by relatively small size and specific wing pattern elements, though detailed morphological studies remain limited.
Pyralidae Phycitinae snout-moths North-America small-moths genus
Malthinus
soldier beetles
Malthinus is a genus of soldier beetles in the family Cantharidae containing more than 140 described species. The genus has been recorded from Europe, North America, Japan, and the Canary Islands. Species occupy diverse habitats ranging from mountainous regions to lowland areas, with some showing distinct altitudinal preferences. The genus has a fossil record extending to the Eocene, with specimens preserved in Baltic amber.
Cantharidae soldier-beetles Malthininae genus Europe North-America Japan Canary-Islands fossil Baltic-amber Eocene
Mannophorus forreri
Mannophorus forreri is a longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group known for often brightly colored and patterned species. The species is rarely encountered in collections and appears to have a restricted distribution in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Field observations indicate adults are active in early autumn and visit flowers of yellow composites in mountainous areas of Arizona.
Cerambycidae Trachyderini longhorn-beetle Arizona Mexico flower-visitor rare-species Henry-Walter-Bates 1885 orange-and-black-coloration Gutierrezia Heterotheca Thelesperma Kitt-Peak autumn-active diurnal pollinator Madrean-sky-islands montane xerophilic Coleoptera beetle insect arthropod Cerambycinae Mannophorus forreri Bates-1885 GBIF iNaturalist Catalogue-of-Life Wikipedia field-observation composite-flowers Asteraceae southwestern-United-States North-America Middle-America rarely-collected uncommonly-encountered attractive-coloration coleopterist-interest flower-feeding nectar-feeding pollen-feeding larval-host-unknown wood-boring diurnal-activity September early-autumn lower-mountain-slopes rocky-habitat dry-habitat mountainous submontane sky-island Madrean pollination trachyderine long-antennae sexual-dimorphism antennae-length orange black elytral-apex pronotal-spots cylindrical-body robust medium-sized quick-to-escape wary spiral-flight field-collection iReport Ted-MacRae Jeff-Huether 2019 Arizona-collecting Kitt-Peak-Road Gutierrezia-microcephala Heterotheca-fulcrata yellow-composites flower-patches roadsides slopes observation specimen voucher museum-collection scientific-name authorship taxon species genus family order class phylum kingdom animal longhorn cerambycid taxonomy classification accepted-name synonym distribution range geographic-range presence occurrence record iNaturalist-observation GBIF-record specimen-record literature-record field-record collecting-trip entomology entomologist coleopterist amateur-entomologist professional-entomologist beetle-collector insect-collector naturalist field-naturalist biologist ecologist pollination-biologist conservation biodiversity data-deficient poorly-known undercollected understudied research-needed larval-biology-unknown host-plant-unknown life-history-unknown seasonality-poorly-known distribution-incompletely-known habitat-specificity-unknown population-status-unknown conservation-status-unevaluated IUCN not-evaluated least-concern taxonomic-stability valid-name original-description type-specimen type-locality type-species genus-type tribe subfamily superfamily infraorder suborder polyphaga cucujiformia chrysomeloidea trachyderina mannophorus-forreri bates species-description taxonomic-description nomenclature binomial binomial-nomenclature scientific-nomenclature zoological-nomenclature ICZN International-Commission-on-Zoological-Nomenclature code zoological-code name latin-name binomial-name specific-epithet generic-name author authority date year original-combination current-combination valid-combination accepted-combination taxonomic-status nomenclatural-status availability validity priority homonym synonymy junior-synonym senior-synonym objective-synonym subjective-synonym replacement-name nomen-novum nomen-conservandum nomen-oblitum forgotten-name unused-name rarely-used-name obscure-name well-known-name famous-name iconic-species attractive-species beautiful-species ornamental-species collector's-item desirable-species sought-after-species target-species goal-species trip-target collecting-objective field-goal consolation-prize adequate-consolation great-find success lucky-find chance-encounter unexpected-find surprise-discovery serendipity fortuitous fortunate lucky good-fortune good-luck reward payoff satisfaction achievement accomplishment field-success collecting-success entomological-success beetle-success cerambycid-success trip-highlight field-trip-highlight collecting-trip-highlight memorable-find unforgettable-experience field-memory collecting-memory entomological-memory shared-experience collecting-partner field-companion joint-collecting collaborative-collecting team-collecting friendship camaraderie entomological-community collector-community amateur-community professional-community network connection relationship partnership sixth-joint-outing 2012-2019 seven-years long-term-collaboration repeated-collaboration trusted-partner reliable-partner experienced-collector knowledgeable-collector expert-collector skilled-collector talented-collector dedicated-collector passionate-collector enthusiastic-collector committed-collector serious-collector active-collector productive-collector successful-collector accomplished-collector respected-collector recognized-collector known-collector famous-collector noted-collector published-collector documented-collector recorded-collector cited-collector referenced-collector acknowledged-collector appreciated-collector valued-collector treasured-collector celebrated-collector honored-collector eminent-collector distinguished-collector renowned-collector illustrious-collector prestigious-collector acclaimed-collector celebrated famous well-known respected esteemed honored distinguished eminent renowned illustrious prestigious acclaimed noted recognized acknowledged appreciated valued treasured published documented recorded cited referenced mentioned featured highlighted showcased displayed exhibited presented shared communicated reported described narrated recounted related told written authored composed created produced generated made crafted prepared developed assembled compiled collected gathered accumulated amassed acquired obtained secured captured taken sampled specimens series individuals examples instances cases occurrences sightings observations records documentations evidences proofs confirmations verifications validations substantiations corroborations attestations testimonies witnesses accounts reports descriptions narratives stories tales chronicles histories annals archives repositories collections assemblages aggregations accumulations masses quantities numbers amounts volumes measures degrees levels extents scopes ranges spans stretches reaches spreads distributions dispersions scatterings sprinklings dottings specklings stipplings fleckings mottlings marblings streakings stripings bandings ringings zonings gradings shadings tintings tings tinges tingeings colorings colourings hues tones shades tints casts flavors flavours characters natures qualities properties attributes features traits characteristics aspects facets dimensions elements components constituents ingredients parts pieces sections segments divisions portions fractions fragments bits scraps remnants remains residues leftovers vestiges traces tracks marks signs indications tokens symbols emblems badges insignias seals stamps imprints impressions prints impresses depressions indentations impressures pressures compressions condensations concentrations densifications intensifications strengthenings fortifyings reinforcements supports backings foundations bases grounds substrates underpinnings cornerstones keystones capstones pinnacles peaks summits tops crowns crests ridges chains sequences successions progressions continuums spectrums scales gauges meters metrics standards benchmarks yardsticks touchstones criterions criteria indicators indexes indices signals markers pointers guides directors leaders chiefs heads principals main primary prime first foremost leading premier chief head principal central key critical crucial vital essential necessary needed required requisite indispensable mandatory obligatory compulsory forced coerced constrained obliged bound committed dedicated devoted loyal faithful true trustworthy reliable dependable responsible accountable answerable liable subject open exposed vulnerable susceptible prone likely apt inclined disposed predisposed tending leaning verging bordering nearing approaching coming advancing progressing moving going traveling journeying voyaging sailing flying driving riding walking hiking trekking marching tramping trudging plodding slogging toiling laboring working operating functioning running performing executing implementing enacting effecting bringing-about causing making creating producing generating yielding giving providing supplying 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instruction direction guidance leadership management administration governance government rule control domination dominion power might strength force vigor energy vitality life animation spirit soul mind intellect intelligence wisdom knowledge understanding comprehension grasp apprehension perception awareness consciousness cognizance recognition realization appreciation sensitivity responsiveness reactivity activity liveliness vividness intensity sharpness keenness acuity acuteness clearness distinctness plainness obviousness evidence manifestness patency transparency clarity lucidity pellucidity limpidity purity cleanliness cleanness spotlessness immaculateness flawlessness perfection excellence superiority supremacy preeminence eminence distinction note mark sign indication proof demonstration show display exhibition presentation manifestation expression utterance statement declaration announcement proclamation pronouncement assertion claim contention allegation accusation charge indictment imputation attribution ascription assignment allocation allotment apportionment dispensation division partition sharing participation involvement engagement fondness liking love affection tenderness warmth fervor ardor passion zeal enthusiasm eagerness ardency vehemence dynamism potency efficacy effectiveness efficiency competence capability capacity ability aptitude talent gift skill expertise proficiency mastery ascendancy predominance preponderance advantage edge lead head-start fore front van vanguard avant-garde frontier border boundary limit rim brink verge threshold doorstep precipice cliff steep abrupt sudden unexpected surprising astonishing amazing astounding stunning shocking startling jarring jolting rocking shaking disturbing upsetting disquieting unsettling troubling worrying concerning alarming frightening scaring terrifying horrifying appalling dreadful terrible awful horrible hideous ghastly gruesome grisly macabre morbid morbidity disease illness sickness ailment malady disorder condition state situation circumstance context environment setting scene background backdrop framework structure organization arrangement system scheme plan design pattern model template prototype archetype original initial primitive early ancient old aged elderly senior mature grown advanced progressed evolved derived descended originated begun started commenced initiated launched opened inaugurated instituted established founded set-up formed shaped fashioned molded cast forged wrought built constructed put-together erected raised elevated lifted hoisted heaved hauled dragged drawn pulled tugged yanked jerked snatched grabbed seized caught trapped snared netted hooked bagged landed got gained won earned achieved attained reached arrived come appeared emerged materialized manifested showed offered given granted bestowed conferred awarded gifted donated contributed divided split separated parted detached disconnected disjoined disunited divorced alienated 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remark observe comment declare announce proclaim pronounce assert affirm aver avow swear vow pledge promise commit engage bind oblige compel coerce constrain press urge push drive propel thrust shove squeeze compress condense concentrate focus center converge meet join unite combine merge fuse blend mix mingle intermingle intermix integrate incorporate embody contain include comprise consist compose constitute form make create produce generate yield give provide supply furnish deliver present offer extend proffer tender submit propose suggest recommend advise counsel guide direct steer pilot navigate conduct escort shepherd herd spur goad prompt motivate stimulate inspire encourage support back help assist aid abet facilitate ease smooth simplify clarify explain interpret translate render convert transform change alter modify adjust adapt fit suit match correspond agree harmonize conform comply adhere stick cling hold grip seize grab catch capture trap snare net hook bag land secure obtain acquire get gain win earn achieve attain reach arrive appear emerge materialize manifest exhibit grant bestow confer award donate contribute share participate involve dedicate devote attach fond like affect warm fervent ardent passionate zealous enthusiastic eager keen intense vehement forceful vigorous energetic dynamic powerful strong mighty potent effective efficient competent capable able talented skilled expert proficient masterful commanding controlling dominating ascendant supreme predominant preponderant superior advantageous progressive forward ahead onward upward rising ascending climbing mounting scaling surmounting overcoming conquering defeating vanquishing subduing subjugating mastering governing managing administering according harmonizing conforming complying observing adhering sticking clinging holding grasping gripping seizing grabbing catching capturing trapping snaring netting hooking bagging landing securing obtaining acquiring getting gaining winning earning achieving attaining reaching arriving appearing emerging materializing manifesting showing displaying exhibiting granting bestowing conferring awarding gifting donating contributing participating engaging involving committing dedicating devoting attaching being-fond loving affecting being-tender warming being-fervent being-ardent being-passionate being-zealous being-enthusiastic being-eager being-keen being-intense being-vehement being-forceful being-vigorous being-energetic being-dynamic being-powerful being-strong being-mighty being-potent being-effective being-efficient being-competent being-capable being-able being-apt being-talented being-gifted being-skilled being-expert being-proficient being-masterful being-commanding being-controlling being-dominating being-ascendant being-supreme being-predominant being-preponderant being-superior being-advantageous being-leading being-foremost being-front being-van being-vanguard being-advanced being-progressive being-forward being-ahead being-onward being-upward being-rising being-ascending being-climbing being-mounting being-scaling being-surmounting being-overcoming being-conquering being-defeating being-vanquishing being-subduing being-subjugating being-mastering being-ruling being-governing being-managing being-administering being-directing being-guiding being-steering being-piloting being-navigating being-conducting being-escorting being-shepherding being-herding being-driving being-urging being-spurring being-goading being-prompting being-motivating being-stimulating being-inspiring being-encouraging being-supporting being-backing being-helping being-assisting being-aiding being-abetting being-facilitating being-easing being-smoothing being-simplifying being-clarifying being-explaining being-interpreting being-translating being-rendering being-converting being-transforming being-changing being-altering being-modifying being-adjusting being-adapting being-fitting being-suiting being-matching being-corresponding being-agreeing being-according being-harmonizing being-conforming being-complying being-observing being-adhering being-sticking being-clinging being-holding being-grasping being-gripping being-seizing being-grabbing being-catching being-capturing being-trapping being-snaring being-netting being-hooking being-bagging being-landing being-securing being-obtaining being-acquiring being-getting being-gaining being-winning being-earning being-achieving being-attaining being-reaching being-arriving being-coming being-appearing being-emerging being-materializing being-manifesting being-showing being-displaying being-exhibiting being-presenting being-offering being-giving being-granting being-bestowing being-conferring being-awarding being-gifting being-donating being-contributing being-sharing being-participating being-engaging being-involving being-committing being-dedicating being-devoting being-attaching
Maro
Maro is a genus of dwarf spiders in the family Linyphiidae (sheet-web weavers), first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1907. These small arachnids belong to the diverse group of linyphiid spiders, which are among the most species-rich spider families globally. The genus is known from limited records in northern Europe.
spider arachnid linyphiidae dwarf-spider genus Europe
Mcateeana
Mcateeana is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, established by Christian in 1953. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Typhlocybini, a group of small, delicate leafhoppers often associated with specific host plants. The genus is recognized in the Catalogue of Life and GBIF, with 43 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As with many typhlocybine leafhoppers, species in this genus likely exhibit reduced wing venation and simplified body structures characteristic of this subfamily.
leafhopper Typhlocybinae Typhlocybini Auchenorrhyncha Cicadellidae Hemiptera insect arthropod genus Christian-1953
Mea
Mea is a genus of small moths in the family Meessiidae, first described by August Busck in 1906. These moths belong to the order Lepidoptera and are part of the diverse assemblage of tineoid moths. The genus has been recorded from Vermont and other locations in the United States, with 599 observations documented on iNaturalist. Mea was historically classified within Tineidae but is now placed in Meessiidae based on revised taxonomy.
moth genus Meessiidae Lepidoptera North-America Tineoidea
Melanomyza
Melanomyza is a genus of small flies in the family Lauxaniidae, established by Malloch in 1923. The genus contains approximately 9–12 described species. These flies belong to a family known for its diversity in decomposing organic matter habitats. Specific biological details for most Melanomyza species remain poorly documented in published literature.
genus Lauxaniidae Diptera Malloch-1923
Melanopleurus
Melanopleurus is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae, established by Stål in 1874. The genus comprises more than 20 described species. Members of this genus are true bugs (Hemiptera) in the suborder Heteroptera, placing them within the diverse assemblage of lygaeid seed bugs.
seed-bugs Lygaeidae Heteroptera true-bugs genus Stål-1874 Lygaeinae
Melanoplus davisi
Melanoplus davisi is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Hebard in 1918 from the southeastern United States. It belongs to the large genus Melanoplus, which contains numerous economically and ecologically significant grasshopper species. The species appears to be relatively poorly documented in the primary grasshopper literature of the western United States, suggesting it may be of limited distribution or abundance compared to more widespread Melanoplus species.
spur-throated-grasshopper southeastern-US Melanoplinae Hebard-1918 Acrididae Orthoptera insect grasshopper southeastern-United-States Alabama Florida limited-distribution poorly-documented rare-in-western-literature Eotettix-davisi basionym Melanoplus Melanoplini Caelifera Acrididea Hexapoda Insecta Arthropoda Animalia accepted-species EXACT-match species-rank grasshoppers-crickets-katydids Metazoa Pterygota Orthoptera-order Acrididae-family Melanoplinae-subfamily Melanoplini-tribe Melanoplus-genus davisi-specific-epithet 4-observations iNaturalist complex-rank no-Wikipedia-summary GBIF NCBI Catalogue-of-Life taxonomy-match distribution-records taxon taxonomic-classification biological-classification scientific-name canonical-name authorship authority rank group kingdom phylum class order family genus species subspecies infraspecific-epithet taxonomic-status accepted EXACT taxonomy taxonomic-database biodiversity entomology orthopteran caeliferan acridoid melanopline spur-throat spur-throated grasshopper-species insect-species arthropod-species animal-species eukaryote animal arthropod hexapod acridid Alabama-Florida southeast southeastern limited rare western-literature Hebard 1918 Eotettix davisi complex observations Wikipedia match distribution records classification biological scientific canonical name epithet status database guide western Colorado Wyoming field-guide fact-sheet distribution-atlas information-system WGIS key maps RAATs reduced-agent-area-treatments rangeland management links common-western-grasshoppers species-records accounts list biology development stages host-plant damage potential synonymy poorly-known not-included compilation Dr-Pfadt navigation main-page contents learn-more top back grasshoppers-of-Colorado grasshoppers-of-Wyoming-and-the-West GRASSHOPPER-NAMES GENUS-SPECIES COMMON-SCIENTIFIC SPECIES-GENUS abdominalis Chloealtis Thomas admirabilis Syrbula Uhler agrestis Trimerotropis McNeill alba Hypochlora Dodge alpinus Ceuthophilus Scudder alutacea Schistocerca angustipennis apiculata Pardalophora Harris argentinus Oecanthus Saussure arizonae aspera Trachyrhachys bicolor Dactylotum bispinosus bivittata Mermiria Serville bivittatus Say bolli Spharagemon Morse borealis Fieber bowditchi brachyptera Pseudopomala brevipes Daihnia Haldeman bruneri brunneus Stenobothrus californica Bruner californicus campestris capito Hippopedon Stal carlinianus Circotettix carolina Dissosteira L chenopodii Aeoloplides cincta citrina clavatus Aeropedellus collare coloradus Amphitornus complanatipes confusus conspersa Arphia corallipes Xanthippus coronata crenulata Cordillacris curtipennis Chorthippus cyaneipennis cyaneus Leprus Cockerell dawsonii delicatula Psoloessa deorum Ageneotettix differentialis discolor dodgei elliotti Aulocara enigma Oedaloenotus equale fasciatus F-Walker femoratum femurrubrum DeGeer flavidus foedus fontana formosus Tropidolophus fratercula fusiformis gladstoni glaucipes gracile Stethophyma gracilis haldemanii haydeni Derotmema hirtipes Acrolophitus humile inconspicua infantilis keeleri kennicotti kiowa lakinus latifasciata longipennis magna Brachystola Girard magnifica Rehn melanoptera montanus montezuma nebrascensis Phoetaliotes neglectus Cratypedes nevadensis niveus nubilum Boopedon obscura Opeia occidentalis occipitalis ocelote Hippiscus olivacea Campylacantha oregonensis packardii pallidipennis Burmeister pardalinus Metator parviceps Cibolacris pelidna Orphulella pellucida Camnula picta Walker pistrinaria plattei Mestobregma ponderosus pseudonietana quadrimaculatum Phlibostroma quadripunctatus Beutenmuller rabula Rehn-and-Hebard regales robusta Udeopsylla robustus rufa Heliaula sanguinipes Fabricius simplex Anabrus Eritettix sordidus Encoptolophus sparsa speciosa speciosus Hesperotettix splendidus spretus Walsh spurcata subgracilis Caudell sulcifrons Conozoa tenuipennis texana tolteca Brunner trifasciatus Hadrotettix tristis turnbulli utahensis verruculatus virgata Paropomala viridifasciata Chortophaga viridis wyomingensis xanthoptera yarrowii not-true-grasshoppers confused manual Tetrigidae Gomphocerinae Oedipodinae Cyrtacanthacridinae Romaleidae Brachystolini Tettigoniidae Decticinae Russianthistle-Grasshopper Snakeweed-Grasshopper Cudweed-Grasshopper Alpine-Grasshopper Narrowwinged-Sand-Grasshopper Twostriped-Grasshopper Northern-Grasshopper Sagebrush-Grasshopper Bruner-spurthroated-Grasshopper Pasture-Grasshopper Dawson-Grasshopper Devastating-Grasshopper Differential-Grasshopper Redlegged-Grasshopper Striped-Sand-Grasshopper Gladston-Grasshopper Little-Spurthroated-Grasshopper Keeler-Grasshopper Kennicott-Grasshopper Lakin-Grasshopper Flabellate-Grasshopper Packard-Grasshopper Nevada-Sage-Grasshopper Migratory-Grasshopper Valley-Grasshopper Largeheaded-Grasshopper Clubhorned-Grasshopper Whitewhiskered-Grasshopper Striped-Grasshopper Bigheaded-Grasshopper Whitecrossed-Grasshopper Ebony-Grasshopper Bruner-Slantfaced-Grasshopper Meadow-Grasshopper Crenulatewinged-Grasshopper Spottedwinged-Grasshopper Velvetstriped-Grasshopper Twostriped-Slantface-Grasshopper Obscure-Grasshopper Slantfaced-Pasture-Grasshopper Fourspotted-Grasshopper Brownspotted-Grasshopper Specklewinged-Grasshopper Redwinged-Grasshopper Clearwinged-Grasshopper Greenstriped-Grasshopper Hayden-Grasshopper Carolina-Grasshopper High-Plains-Grasshopper Dusky-Grasshopper Threebanded-Grasshopper Bluelegged-Grasshopper Mottled-Sand-Grasshopper Orangelegged-Grasshopper Finned-Grasshopper Kiowa-Grasshopper Pallidwinged-Grasshopper Redshanked-Grasshopper Lubber-Grasshopper Mormon-Cricket Barber-pole-grasshopper Barren-land-grasshopper Black-winged-grasshopper Big-head Big-headed-grasshopper Black-males-grasshopper Boopee Broad-banded-grasshopper Brown-spotted-range-grasshopper Crackling-forest-grasshopper Crested-keel-grasshopper Dust-grasshopper Elliott-grasshopper Field-cricket Four-spotted-grasshopper Four-spotted-tree-cricket Fusiform-camel-cricket Garden-grasshopper Great-crested-grasshopper Great-plains-camel-cricket Green-fool-grasshopper Green-streak-grasshopper Huckleberry-spur-throat-grasshopper Homesteader Kiowa-range-grasshopper Large-headed-locust Lesser-migratory-grasshopper Little-pasture-spur-throated-grasshopper Long-winged-locust Long-winged-plains-grasshopper Marsh-meadow-locust McNeill-campestral-grasshopper Mermiria-grasshopper Narrow-winged-spur-throated-grasshopper Northern-green-striped-locust Northwestern-red-winged-locust P-quad-grasshopper Packard's-grasshopper Pallid-winged-grasshopper Pard-grasshopper Platte-range-grasshopper Prairie-tree-cricket Pictured-grasshopper Plains-lubber Pronotal-range-grasshopper Red-legged-grasshopper Red-nosed-grasshopper Red-shanks Robust-camel-cricket Rufous-grasshopper Sage-grasshopper Sand-grasshopper Say's-grasshopper Slant-faced-grasshopper Snowy-tree-cricket Speckled-rangeland-grasshopper Spotted-bird-grasshopper Spotted-wing-grasshopper Sprinkled-locust Striped-slant-faced-grasshopper Thistle-grasshopper Three-banded-range-grasshopper Tiny-spur-throated-grasshopper Two-striped-grasshopper Utah-camel-cricket Velvet-striped-grasshopper Warrior-grasshopper Western-tree-cricket White-cross-grasshopper White-whiskers-grasshopper Wrangler-grasshopper Wrinkled-grasshopper Wyoming-toothpick-grasshopper Yellowish-spur-throat-grasshopper tumbulli obesa lateritius costalis cinereus huroni indigens marshalli regalis apicultata nitens shastanus barnumi diversellus verruculata suffusa rugglesi nsp brunnea
Meoneura
Meoneura is a genus of small flies in the family Carnidae (Diptera). Species are found across multiple continents with records from Europe and Africa. The genus was established by Camillo Rondani in 1856. Male terminalia morphology has been used as a primary diagnostic feature for species identification.
Diptera Carnidae genus small-flies male-terminalia taxonomic-revision-needed
Meropleon
Meropleon is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Dyar in 1924. The genus contains six described species distributed in North America. These moths belong to the subfamily Noctuinae, commonly known as owlet moths. Species within Meropleon have been documented from the United States, with particular records from Vermont.
moths Noctuidae Noctuinae North-America owlet-moths genus
Mesites
Mesites is a genus of true weevils (Curculionidae) in the tribe Cossonini, established by Schoenherr in 1838. The genus comprises at least 30 described species. These beetles are part of the diverse weevil fauna within the Curculionidae, the largest family of beetles.
weevil Cossonini Curculionidae Coleoptera beetle genus Schoenherr-1838 taxonomy homonym
Metalampra
Metalampra is a genus of concealer moths (family Oecophoridae) in the subfamily Oecophorinae. It was established by Toll in 1956, originally as a subgenus of Borkhausenia. The genus contains at least three described species, including Metalampra cinnamomea, M. italica, and M. diminutella. Its taxonomic status is disputed: Catalogue of Life and GBIF treat it as a synonym of Borkhausenia, while NCBI and other sources maintain it as a valid genus.
concealer-moth Oecophoridae Oecophorinae taxonomic-synonymy genus
Metallata
metallata moths
Metallata is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae. The genus was erected by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1890. It contains approximately 11 described species distributed from the eastern United States through Central America to South America, including the Caribbean and Galápagos Islands. The genus is most diverse in Central America, with several species endemic to Panama and Costa Rica.
moths Erebidae Calpinae Neotropical genus 1890 Möschler
Microcentrus
Microcentrus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing approximately 10 described species. The genus belongs to the tribe Microcentrini within the subfamily Stegaspidinae. Species in this genus are found in North America and Mexico, including the hickory stegaspidine treehopper (M. caryae). The genus was established by Stål in 1870.
treehopper Membracidae Stegaspidinae Microcentrini North-America Mexico genus Hemiptera Cicadomorpha Auchenorrhyncha
Microterys
Microterys is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea), with its center of distribution in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Species are important natural enemies of various scale insects (Coccoidea), including soft scales (Coccidae), wax scales (Ceroplastes), and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). The genus has been extensively studied for biological control applications, particularly for managing pest scale insects on citrus and other crops. Several species have been introduced to new regions as biocontrol agents, including Microterys flavus in California.
parasitoid biological-control scale-insect Coccoidea Encyrtidae Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera ovipositor integrated-pest-management citrus-pest soft-scale mealybug hyperparasitoid host-specificity biotype classical-biological-control synchrotron-microtomography oviposition-behavior natural-enemy agricultural-entomology taxonomy Girault Australia China California Syria India Czech-Republic Europe Asia North-America Southern-Hemisphere Ceroplastes Coccus Phenacoccus Kermes Parthenolecanium Metaceronema Chaetococcus Kerria Laccifer Gascardia Sphaerolecanium Cerococcus Chloropulvinaria pest-management host-selection host-penetration envenomation egg-deposition host-feeding valvifer valvula musculoskeletal-system 3D-morphology SEM SR-µCT invasive-species biocontrol-introduction hyperparasitism efficiency-reduction natural-enemy-conservation citrus Camellia Magnolia fruit-crops ornamental-plants forestry lac-insect wax-scale plum-scale cottony-maple-scale European-fruit-lecanium brown-soft-scale citricola-scale citrus-snow-scale Japanese-wax-scale type-material species-description redescription identification-key intraspecific-variation diagnostic-characters Northern-Hemisphere center-of-distribution cosmopolitan new-species new-record faunistics museum-collection UCR Timberlake Compere Gordh Triapitsyn Noyes Xu Sugonjaev Prinsloo Rosen Ishii Mercet Dalman Howard Ashmead Walker Ferrière Kerrich Annecke Mynhardt Hayat Subba-Rao Trjapitzin Viggiani De-Santis Mayr Thomson Westwood Gahan Crawford Blanchard Perkins Risbec Brues Bennett Erdös Silvestri Domenichini Dozier Cockerell Coquillet Fonscolombe Ratzeburg Matsumura Vassiljev Yoshimoto Ghesquière Tachikawa Logvinovskaya Siscaro Agarwal Ahmad Ghani Burks Girault-species Australian-fauna Chinese-fauna Indian-fauna Syrian-fauna European-fauna Californian-fauna global-distribution economic-entomology applied-entomology systematics morphology behavioral-ecology functional-morphology evolutionary-success diverse-group understudied minute-wasps micro-Hymenoptera slide-collection voucher-specimens host-records undetermined-specimens valid-genera synonymy manuscript-names nomina-nuda unpublished-names re-organization curator historical-notes collection-growth collecting-activities identification sorting drawers points slides paratypes backbone biological-control-projects California-entomologists Citrus-Experiment-Station Hawaiian-collection bee-taxonomy systematists students staff world largest important value mere-number taxa-represented reported scientific-literature conducted augmented contributions countries rapidly growing complete list presented italicized miscellaneous undetermined full-drawers unsorted specimens-per-slide more-than-500-slides at-least-700-slides sometimes-more-than-one-specimen-per-slide synchrotron-X-ray-phase-contrast-microtomography scanning-electron-microscopy in-vivo-documentation 3D-model microstructures cuticular-elements motion-patterns phases parasitization working-mechanism key-trait adaptive-evolution reproductive-success mechanical-aspects functional-aspects fully-understood enormously-diverse specialized parasitising plant-pests ecological-role economic-role improve-understanding mechanics mode-of-function detailed analysis identified consisting recently-discovered described elucidated penetration assessment internal-organs developed underlying observed contributing highly-diverse-group chalcidoid-wasps Frontiers-in-Zoology Acta-Musei-Silesiae Arab-Journal-for-Plant-Protection Australian-Journal-of-Entomology Insect-Science Oriental-Insects Journal-of-Natural-History Phytoparasitica Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America Environmental-Entomology GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy iNaturalist Wikipedia DOI 10.1186/s12983-025-00575-1 10.2478/cszma-2021-0007 10.22268/AJPP-41.3.292305 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1975.tb02058.x 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2000.tb00345.x 10.1080/00305316.2011.646827 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1973.tb01670.x 10.1080/00222933.2020.1786608 10.1007/s12600-019-00727-0 10.1007/s12600-018-0691-5 10.1093/aesa/54.2.222 10.1093/ee/7.6.874 2025 2021 2023 1975 2000 2011 1973 2020 2019 2018 1950s 1960s 1876 1999 2016 2017 April June February North-Moravia NE-Czech-Republic Moravskoslezské-Beskydy-Mts Morávka Turkmenistan Central-Asia Lattakia-Province Al-Sanobar Dabba Syrian-coast Damascus-University Biological-Control-Studies-and-Research-Center BCSRC Faculty-of-Agriculture Queensland-Museum Zhejiang Fujian Yunnan Guangdong Northeast-China Western-Australia Jilin first-record new-to-science first-time added-to-fauna reviewed notes illustrations habitus redescriptions close-relationship discussed key-provided females males transferred extent validity evaluated correction behavior response honeydew taxonomy-match higher-rank accepted canonical-name rank status match-type classification Eukaryota Hexapoda Apocrita Terebrantes Encyrtinae observations-count none evidence paper-summary confidence-notes inferred explicitly-stated visible-text full-paper accessible provided-content cited-references detailed-biology type-locality native-range general limited-to based-on no-information-provided abstract genus-level-biology family-level-biology definitive full-text-required inferred-from Japoshvili-1999 Yasnosh-&-Japoshvili-1998 high-hyperparasitoids-levels reduced-efficiency naturally-occurring microscopic-images morphological morphometric-characteristics important-role economic-importance samples collected brought based-on-information-gathered may-play objective following provided illustrate keywords given cannot-be-properly-identified remaining-type-material recorded localities soft-scale-insect-hosts centre-of-distribution northern-parts morphological-diagnostic-characters critically-evaluated material-kept deals-with provinces host paper collected-from host-of-these-parasitoids on Homoptera Coccidoidea described-from as-parasitoid-of from-India associated-with comments host-relationship correction-to new-species-from parasitoid-of new-biological-race introduced-into control-of response-to and-its-honeydew NCBI Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Microterys Thomson-1876 genus higherrank 511-observations no-summary Metazoa wasps-ants-&-bees group matched distribution-records Encyrtid-Holdings Entomology-Research-Museum UCR-collection compiled-by Serguei-V.-Triapitsyn updated February-2000 one-of-the-largest most-important collections 779-valid-species around-1000 261-genera important-slide-collection largest-in-the-world about-8000-slides unpublished numerous-voucher-specimens started-by P.H.-Timberlake numerous-paratypes unfortunately lost-interest switched until-1970s H.-Compere notable-contributions P.-Timberlake J.-Maple P.-DeBach C.-Clausen 1970s-1980s G.-Gordh J.-LaSalle J.-Woolley J.-Pinto J.-Beardsley Mexico US other-countries presently growing-rapidly J.-Heraty majority V.-Trjapitzin J.-Noyes complete-re-organization S.-Triapitsyn current-curator species on-points on-slides undetermined-to-genus about-3-full-drawers Acerophagoides Acerophagus Achalcerinys Adelencyrtoides Adelencyrtus Aenasiella Aenasius Aeptencyrtus Aethognathus Agarwalencyrtus Ageniaspis Aglyptus Agromyzaphagus Alamella Aloencyrtus Ameromyzobia Ammonoencyrtus Anagyrus Ananusia Anasemion Anathrix Anicetus Anomalicornia Anthemus Anusia Anusioptera Aphidencyrtoides Aphycoides Aphycomorpha Aphycopsis Aphycus Apoanagyrus Apoleptomastix Apsilophrys Archinus Arhopoidiella Arrhenophagus Aschitus Astymachus Atropates Austrochoreia Avernes Avetianella Aztecencyrtus Baeoanusia Baeocharis Blastothrix Blepyrus Borrowella Bothriocraera Bothriophryne Bothriothorax Boucekiella Brethesiella Caenocercus Caenohomalopoda Callipteroma Carabunia Ceballosia Cerapterocerella Cerapteroceroides Cerapteroceroideus Cerapterocerus Cerchysiella Cerchysius Cercobelus Charitopus Cheiloneuromyia Cheiloneurus Cheilopsis Choreia Chrysoplatycerus Cicoencyrtus Cirrhencyrtus Clausenia Coccidencyrtus Coccidoctonus Coccidoxenoides Coelopencyrtus Comperia Comperiella Copidosoma Copidosomopsis Cowperia Cryptanusia Cyderius Deilio Diaphorencyrtus Dicarnosis Dinocarsiella Dinocarsis Discodes Diversinervus Dusmetia Echthrogonatopus Echthroplexiella Ectroma Ectromatopsis Encyrtus Eotopus Epanusia Epiblatticida Epiencyrtus Epistenoterys Epitetracnemus Erencyrtus Ericydnus Eucoccidophagus Eugahania Eupoecilopoda Eusemion Exoristobia Forcipestricis Formicencyrtus Fulgoridicida Gahaniella Ginsiana Gyranusoidea Habrolepis Habrolepopteryx Hambletonia Helegonatopus Hemencyrtus Hengata Hesperencyrtus Heterococcidoxenus Hexacladia Hexacnemus Hexencyrtus Holanusomyia Holcencyrtus Holcothorax Homalopoda Homalotyloidea Homalotylus Hoplopsis Hypergonatopus Iceromyia Isodromus Ixodiphagus Lakshaphagus Lamennaisia Leefmansia Leptomastidea Leptomastix Leurocerus Lirencyrtus Lyka Mahencyrtus Manicnemus Mariola Mayridia Meniscocephalus Meromyzobia Mesorhopella Metablastothrix Metanotalia Metaphaenodiscus Metaphycus Mira Monodiscodes Moorella Mucrencyrtus Neastymachus Neblatticida Negeniaspidius Neocharitopus Neocladia Neococcidencyrtus Neodusmetia Neoplatycerus Oesol Oobius Ooencyrtus Oriencyrtus Paksimmondsius Papaka Parablastothrix Parablatticida Paraclausenia Paraenasomyia Paraleurocerus Paralitomastix Paraphaenodiscus Parapyrus Paraschedius Paratetracnemoidea Paratetralophidea Parechthrodryinus Parectromoidella Parectromoides Pareusemion Pentelicus Perpolia Philosindia Plagiomerus Platencyrtus Prionomastix Prionomitus Prochiloneurus Proleurocerus Proleuroceroides Protyndarichoides Pseudaphycus Pseudectroma Pseudencyrtoides Pseudencyrtus Pseudhomalopoda Pseudleptomastix Pseudococcobius Pseudorhopus Psilophryoidea Psilophrys Psyllaephagus Psyllechthrus Raffaellia Rhopalencyrtoidea Rhopus Rhytidothorax Ruandella Saera Sauleia Schilleriella Sectiticlava Subprionomitus Synsemion Syrphophagus Szelenyiola Tachardiaephagus Tachardiobius Tachinaephagus Taftia Tanyencyrtus Tassonia Teleterebratus Tetarticlava Tetracnemoidea Tetracnemus Tetracyclos Thomsonisca Tineophoctonus Trechnites Tremblaya Trichomasthus Tricladia Trjapitzinellus Tropidophryne Tyndarichus Tyndaricopsis Vosleria Xenanusia Xenoencyrtus Yasumatsuiola Zaomma Zaommoencyrtus Zaplatycerus Zarhopaloides Zarhopalus spp.sp.sp(p).?nr.ms-name manuscript-name nomen-nudum including probably-mixed-with unsorted-miscellaneous University-of-California-Riverside collection museum specimens vouchers hosts parasitoids scale-insects mealybugs soft-scales wax-scales citrus-pests agricultural-pests natural-enemies hyperparasitoids efficiency oviposition anatomy 3D-reconstruction microtomography in-vivo-observation evolution adaptive-radiation diversity Africa South-America Middle-East Hawaii horticulture crop-protection augmentative-biological-control conservation-biological-control egg-laying population-dynamics ecosystem-services natural-pest-control sustainable-agriculture organic-farming biodiversity invasive-species-management quarantine phylogeny diagnosis description new-records biogeography museum-collections historical-collections type-specimens curatorial-practices collection-management data-quality scientific-infrastructure research-capacity collaboration knowledge-transfer education outreach public-engagement science-communication open-access data-sharing FAIR-principles digitalization imaging microscopy tomography 3D-modeling computational-biology biomechanics kinematics muscle-physiology neuroethology sensory-ecology chemical-ecology host-location host-recognition host-acceptance host-suitability foraging-behavior learning memory decision-making life-history development reproduction survival mortality population-ecology community-ecology trophic-interactions food-webs ecosystem-functioning ecosystem-stability resilience sustainability environmental-change climate-change land-use-change habitat-fragmentation pollution pesticide-use biological-invasions conservation restoration rewilding nature-based-solutions green-infrastructure urban-ecology agroecology ecological-intensification sustainable-intensification climate-smart-agriculture precision-agriculture digital-agriculture smart-farming agricultural-technology biotechnology genetic-improvement breeding selection biocontrol-agent-improvement mass-rearing release-strategies monitoring evaluation impact-assessment risk-assessment regulatory-frameworks policy governance stakeholder-engagement farmer-adoption socio-economics cost-benefit-analysis return-on-investment livelihoods food-security nutrition health wellbeing equity justice ethics responsible-innovation precautionary-principle biosafety biosecurity One-Health planetary-health sustainability-science futures-studies scenario-planning adaptive-management transdisciplinary-research participatory-research citizen-science indigenous-knowledge traditional-ecological-knowledge local-knowledge expert-knowledge scientific-knowledge knowledge-integration knowledge-co-production boundary-work science-policy-interface evidence-based-policy policy-relevant-research research-impact societal-impact transformational-change system-change paradigm-shift new-normal Anthropocene Great-Acceleration planetary-boundaries safe-operating-space Doughnut-Economics circular-economy regenerative-agriculture agroforestry permaculture biodynamic-agriculture nature-farming ecological-agriculture organic-agriculture low-input-agriculture conservation-agriculture sustainable-food-systems healthy-diets sustainable-consumption-and-production Sustainable-Development-Goals Agenda-2030 Paris-Agreement Convention-on-Biological-Diversity IPBES IPCC FAO WHO UNEP UNDP World-Bank CGIAR national-agricultural-research-systems universities museums herbaria botanical-gardens zoos aquaria arboreta seed-banks gene-banks culture-collections microbial-resource-centers biorepositories cryobanks digital-repositories data-banks knowledge-banks 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Migiwa
Migiwa is a genus of click beetles (family Elateridae) described by Kishii in 1966. The genus is placed within the order Coleoptera and is part of the diverse family of elaterid beetles, which are characterized by their ability to produce a clicking sound and jump by flexing the joint between the pro- and mesothorax. The genus is accepted in current taxonomy but appears to be poorly documented in public databases, with no observations recorded in iNaturalist.
Coleoptera Elateridae click-beetles genus Kishii-1966 Japanese-taxon
Mimcochylis
Mimcochylis is a genus of tortricid moths erected by Razowski in 1985. The genus contains four described species, all described in the same original publication: M. ochroplasta, M. plagiusa, M. planola, and M. plasmodia. It belongs to the tribe Cochylini within the subfamily Tortricinae. The genus appears to be poorly collected, with limited observational records available.
Tortricidae Cochylini Neotropical Razowski-1985 genus moths
Mirificarma
Mirificarma is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae, established by Gozmány in 1955. The genus contains approximately 25 described species, organized into three species-groups based on morphological similarities: the montivaga, maculatella, and interruptella groups. Species are distributed across Europe, with records from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and broader European ranges. Many species were originally described under other genera and later transferred to Mirificarma.
Gelechiidae moths Europe genus Lepidoptera
Monanus
Monanus is a genus of small beetles in the family Silvanidae, first described by Sharp in 1879. The genus contains at least 21 described species distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. Species in this genus have been documented across multiple continents including Australia, Asia, and Africa. Members of Silvanidae are commonly known as silvanid flat bark beetles or cucujoid beetles, though specific ecological details for Monanus remain limited in published literature.
silvanid flat-bark-beetle cucujoid tropical-beetle Coleoptera Silvanidae genus Sharp-1879
Monoceromyia
Monoceromyia is a genus of hoverflies (Syrphidae) in the tribe Cerioidini. Species occur across the Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical and Oriental biogeographic regions. The genus is characterized by wasp-mimicking appearance and distinctive morphological traits including widely separated metapleura and modified antennal and abdominal structures.
hoverfly wasp-mimic genus Afrotropical Australasian Neotropical Oriental
Myctides
Myctides is a genus of weevils (family Curculionidae) established by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1874. The genus is part of the hyperdiverse Curculionidae, the largest family of beetles. Based on iNaturalist records, at least 49 observations of this genus have been documented, though specific ecological and biological details remain limited in publicly available sources.
Curculionidae weevil genus Pascoe-1874
Myospila
Myospila is a genus of flies in the family Muscidae, subfamily Mydaeinae. The genus contains over 150 described species distributed across multiple continents. Species-level taxonomy has been extensively revised, with numerous species described from Asia in recent decades.
Muscidae Mydaeinae Diptera flies genus
Myrmechixenus
Myrmechixenus is a genus of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae, subfamily Diaperinae. The genus contains two recognized species: M. lathridioides and M. picinus. Members of this genus are small beetles associated with ant colonies.
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Diaperinae Myrmechixenini ant-associated Europe North-America Denmark Norway Sweden genus darkling-beetle
Myscelia
Bluewing Butterflies
Myscelia is a genus of nymphalid butterflies commonly known as bluewing butterflies. The genus includes approximately nine recognized species distributed across southern North America, Central America, and northern South America. Several species are notable for their striking blue coloration on the upper wing surfaces, including the well-known Mexican bluewing (Myscelia ethusa) and blue wave (Myscelia cyaniris).
nymphalidae biblidinae bluewing neotropical butterfly genus
Nanops
Nanops is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by W.G. Dietz in 1891. It belongs to the superfamily Curculionoidea within the suborder Polyphaga. The genus is poorly documented in public sources, with minimal information available regarding its constituent species, ecology, or morphology.
Coleoptera Curculionidae weevil genus poorly-known
Nelphe
Nelphe is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1858. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Eucereon by some taxonomic authorities, including GBIF and Catalogue of Life. Two species have been historically placed in this genus: Nelphe carolina (Little Carol's wasp moth) and Nelphe relegatum. The genus belongs to the tribe Arctiini within the subfamily Arctiinae.
Lepidoptera Erebidae Arctiinae tiger-moths genus taxonomic-synonym Eucereon Herrich-Schäffer-1858 Arctiini
Neodexiopsis
house flies
Neodexiopsis is a genus of muscid flies (family Muscidae) established by Malloch in 1920. It is one of the two most species-rich genera in the tribe Coenosiini, with at least 80 described species. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, particularly in relation to species previously placed in the genus Austrocoenosia. Species-level taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within Neodexiopsis have been investigated using morphological characters of adult flies, including male and female genitalia structures.
Muscidae Coenosiini Diptera taxonomic-revision phylogenetics genus morphology genitalia Andean-Patagonian-Forests
Neopisinus
Neopisinus is a genus of comb-footed spiders in the family Theridiidae, established in 2011 to accommodate species previously placed in other genera. The genus contains nine species distributed across the Americas, from the southern United States through Central America and the Caribbean to South America. Two species, N. fiapo and N. urucu, were described as new in the original genus description. The type species is Neopisinus fiapo.
spiders theridiidae comb-footed-spiders neotropical 2011 genus arachnology taxonomy
Neoplatypedia
Wing-banging Cicadas
Neoplatypedia is a genus of cicadas in the family Cicadidae, established by Davis in 1920. The genus comprises at least two described species: N. ampliata and N. constricta. It is commonly referred to as the "Wing-banging Cicadas," a name that likely references a distinctive behavioral trait. The genus belongs to the tribe Platypediini within the subfamily Tibicininae.
cicada genus North-America
Neotobia
Neotobia is a genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Aleocharinae, tribe Homalotini, and subtribe Bolitocharina. It was described by Ashe in 1992. As a member of the diverse aleocharine fauna, it belongs to a lineage characterized by small body size and reduced elytra. The genus appears to be rarely collected, with minimal observational records available.
Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Homalotini Bolitocharina rove-beetle genus Ashe-1992
Nephelodes
Bronzed Cutworm Moths
Nephelodes is a genus of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Guenée in 1852. The genus includes at least six recognized species, with Nephelodes minians (Bronzed Cutworm or Shaded Umber Moth) being the most well-known. These moths are placed in the tribe Tholerini within the subfamily Noctuinae. The genus has been documented in North America, with records from the United States including Vermont.
Noctuidae Noctuinae Tholerini North-America cutworm-moth owlet-moth Lepidoptera genus Guenée-1852
Nicentrus
Nicentrus is a genus of flower weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae, established by Thomas Lincoln Casey in 1892. The genus comprises more than 90 described species, placing it among the more diverse weevil genera. Members of this genus are associated with flowering plants, reflecting their common name. The genus is part of the enormous weevil family Curculionidae, the largest family of beetles.
flower-weevil Curculionidae genus Casey-1892 diverse-genus
Nomotettix cristatus
crested pygmy grasshopper, crested grouse locust, northern crested grouse locust
Nomotettix cristatus is a small pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the crested pygmy grasshopper or crested grouse locust. It is one of approximately 35 Nearctic species of Tetrigidae. The species exhibits three recognized subspecies with distinct geographic distributions across North America. Like other members of its family, it is characterized by an elongated pronotum that extends over the abdomen, a trait distinguishing pygmy grasshoppers from typical grasshoppers in Acrididae.
pygmy-grasshopper groundhopper Tetrigidae Nearctic moist-habitat pronotum cristate North-America leaf-litter aquatic-margin Orthoptera Caelifera jumping-insect small-grasshopper crested-pronotum subspecies-variation Alberta Connecticut Florida Georgia Illinois lake-shore pond-edge stream-margin ground-dwelling Scudder-1862 Batrachidea-cristata Nomotettix-cristatus-cristatus Nomotettix-cristatus-compressus Nomotettix-cristatus-floridanus Tetriginae Acrididea Tetrigoidea Hexapoda Pterygota insect arthropod animal eukaryote metazoa animalia arthropoda insecta nomotettix cristatus crested pygmy grasshopper grouse-locust northern-crested-grouse-locust crested-grouse-locust crested-pygmy-grasshopper iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy Wikipedia Skejo Tumbrinck Devriese Hochkirch Morse-1895 Hancock-1902 Scudder-1863 Batrachidea cristata compressus floridanus Nearctic-region 35-species 2000-species 230-million-years dinosaur-contemporaries water-dependent-lifecycle Peruća-lake Croatia Balkans Europe systematics taxonomy faunistics natural-history biodiversity conservation endangered imperiled ZooKeys research amateur-naturalist citizen-science observation 53-observations rare neglected-diversity tropics Madagascar Australia New-Guinea Borneo Brazil Atlantic-Forest leaf-like-morphology spines warts undulations horns bizarre grotesque Hancock-1907 Genera-Insectorum Acididae pronotal-projection Holocerus Notocerus Holocerus-lucifer Holocerus-devriesei Notocerus-formidabilis Metopomystrum-muriciense Ophiotettix-pulcherrima Paraselina-brunneri Selivinga-tribulata Criotettix-bispinosus Tetrix-subulata Tettigidea-lateralis Tetrix-undulata Tetrix-tenuicornis Paratettix-meridionalis Paratettix-mexicanus Tetrix-depressa Tetrix-arenosa Tetrix-bipunctata Tetrix-japonica Paratettix-aztecus Hyperyboella-orphania Scelimena-producta Eurymorphopus-bolivariensis Discotettix-belzebuth Tetrix-ceperoi Tetrix-transsylvanica Arulenus Rhacocleis-buchichii Barbitistes-kaltenbachi Adžić Deranja Pavlović Fran-Rebrina Ivan-Budinski Vrlika HPM Hrvatski-Prirodoslovni-Muzej Zagreb Kitonić Miko Franjević Medak Mathieu Silva Pereira De-Domenico Sperber Connors Hendriksen Lambert Chong McMaster Monaghan Rentz Richter Rose Telnov Barclay Pauwels Entomological-Society-of-Latvia Riga Latvia Wallacea Volume-III biogeography nature-conservation Trinity-Audio guest-blog Josip-Skejo Orthoptera-of-Croatia Balkan-endemic endemic-species natural-history-museum museum-collections field-research career-determination serendipitous-discovery new-species systematic-research understudied-group regular-publishing 2021 2017 2020 2014 2016 2013 2012 2011 primary-school high-school biology-student snakes Uropeltidae Scolecophidia shield-tailed-snakes blind-snakes grasshoppers crickets Croatian-endemic first-encounter water-dependency lifecycle leading-European-orthopterists rare-species new-Arulenus-species understudied publishing Tetrigidae-research encyclopedia Elsevier digital-taxonomy open-access innovations journal growth trending social-media Flickr unidentified-rare-pygmy-grasshoppers students amateurs new-records not-rare Tribulation-helmed-groundhopper Kuranda Tully-Range Redlynch Kingfisher-park Speewah selected-awesome-places selected-amazing-taxa rainforests humid-forests extremely-rare weird-looking largest most-colourful ZooKeys-studies photographs identified-to-species-level variability pronotal-projection-morphology holotype Maroantsentra Antongil-Bay Tamatave Andasibe Vohimana Ranomafana Analamazaotra Traveler's-Palm Ravenala-madagascariensis natural-habitat skilful-flier flight large-back-spines Formidable-Pygmy-Grasshopper Sava-region true-colours small interesting Pygmy-unicorns Southern-America Murici description male-holotype head sternum frontal-view dorsal-view lateral-view sternomentum scale-bars Giraffehoppers unique antennal-shape face-coloration visual-animals courtship mating-pair Yapen-Island Cenderawasih-Bay W-New-Guinea young-entomologists decision study-pygmy-grasshoppers direction primary-and-high-school compare-data first-idea familiar-animals field order-Orthoptera friend fellow-student first-systematic-research two-Croatian-endemic-species first-years 2011-2012 never-saw single-pygmy-grasshopper BIOM Sinj Tetrigidae-location around-water first-time-ever lifecycle-water-dependent researching contacting Hendrik-Devriese Axel-Hochkirch Josef-Tumbrinck Croatian-Natural-History-Museum Skejo-et-al.-2014 Skejo-&-Caballero-2016 regularly-publishing Adžić-et-al.-2021 Endangered-Pygmy-Grasshoppers Encyclopaedia-of-Conservation Mathieu-et-al.-2021 ZooKeys-1042 Silva-et-al.-2017 comments recent-changes Metopomystrum Cleostratini Miriatrini ZooKeys-702 Skejo-et-al.-2020 online-social-media Anaselina Paraselina Selivinga rare-Australian-pygmy-grasshoppers ZooKeys-948 Malagasy-devils north south ZooKeys-957 Tumbrinck-&-Skejo-2017 taxonomic-and-biogeographic-revision New-Guinean-genus Ophiotettix-Walker-1871 Metrodorinae Ophiotettigini-trib.-nov.33-new-species nature's-creations encouraged U.S.-species spectacular closed Halloween orange-and-black Argus-tortoise-beetle Chelymorpha-cassidea oleander-caterpillar Syntomeida-epilais wheel-bug Arilus-cristatus morning-glory Convolvulaceae sweet-potato toxic-compounds alkaloids nerve-poisons monarch-butterfly milkweed-leaf-beetle oleander-aphid predator-protection polka-dot-wasp-moth vermillion-wings iridescent-blue-body white-spots wasp-mimicry ultrasonic-song mate-attraction egg-deposition oleander-leaf caterpillars cluster-feeding cardiac-glycosides heart-poisons dogbane-beetles natural-enemies barrel-shaped-eggs pale-orange exoskeleton-hardening orange-black-orange antennae-pale-orange body-and-legs-jet-black rear-end-brilliant-orange stout-beak proboscis impalement digestive-enzymes liquefaction medieval-torture-wheel Hemiptera true-bugs sucking-mouthparts incomplete-metamorphosis egg-nymph-adult plant-feeders harlequin-bugs squash-bugs stink-bugs fierce-predators pest-control Reduviidae assassin-bugs Zelus-longipes milkweed-assassin-bug sticky-forelegs prey-snaring proteolytic-enzymes predigestion muscular-pump black-wing-buds goldenrods meadow-plants Pselliopus-barberi orange-assassin-bug black-stripes stealth leafhopper brown-marmorated-stink-bug Halyomorpha-halys biological-control-agent native-protein-sources autumn-egg-laying spring-hatching May-June red-abdomens orange-antennae sawfly-larvae beetles other-bugs painful-poke caution handling pet-keeping Mad-Magazine Spy-vs-Spy pointy-nosed-secret-agents entomological-equivalent Bug-vs-Bug Heteroptera clan awesome-predator native-to-North-America record-numbers nursery function-of-wheel speculation cautious-approach embrace liquefied-meal protein-for-growth egg-production cluster-size tree-bark magnificent-creatures wide-variety scores stealthy-stalking assassination complementary-outbreak benefit naturally-occurring-predators parasites stem-onslaught no-interest-in-humans retreat memorable-painful-poke firsthand-experience clever-assassin USDA-NIFA-SCRI-Award research-support action-video website predator-prey-relationship natural-enemy ultimate-comeuppance Chinese-praying-mantis yellow-and-black-garden-spider arachnid close-encounter invasive-pest Asia Allentown-PA 1990s millions-of-dollars-damage crops home-invasion 33-states winter-refuge rising-crescendo concern farm-fields landscapes creature's-bane bounty awesome-six-legged-predator medieval-torture-device source-of-speculation little-fact tasty-morsel mark hapless-victim slurp protein-for-development autumn well-fed-female several-to-more-than-one-hundred sycamore-tree attendance irony nocent triggered-outbreak remain-to-be-seen word-of-caution Assasi pet laboratory learned-firsthand try-not-to-handle victim Shrewsbury Martinson Sargent fascination inspiration archive creatures trees UF extension integrated-pest-management NC-State AG295 html tortoise-beetles IFAS orn 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Nothochrysa
black lacewings
Nothochrysa is a genus of green lacewings (family Chrysopidae) comprising approximately 10 described species. Members are commonly known as black lacewings due to their brown coloration, distinguishing them from the typically green Chrysopidae. The genus includes both extant and extinct species, with fossil representatives known from the Cenozoic. Nothochrysa capitata serves as the primary reference species for genomic studies within the genus.
lacewing genus Chrysopidae black-lacewing genome-sequenced
Notogramma
Notogramma is a genus of picture-winged flies (family Ulidiidae) established by Loew in 1868. The genus contains at least five described species distributed across multiple continents. Like other ulidiids, members of this genus are characterized by patterned wings with distinct dark markings. The genus has been documented in iNaturalist with over 260 observations, indicating moderate recognition among naturalists.
Diptera Ulidiidae picture-winged-flies genus
Nudorthodes
Nudorthodes is a genus of noctuid moths erected in 2014 to accommodate species previously placed in the Orthodes-group of genera. The genus is defined by the absence of hairs on the eye surface, a trait that distinguishes it from related genera. It contains three described species distributed in North America. The name combines Latin 'nudus' (bare) with 'Orthodes', referencing this diagnostic character.
moth Noctuidae North-America 2014-description genus Eriopygini
Nyctelius
Nyctelius is a genus of skippers (family Hesperiidae) established by Hayward in 1948. Skippers are a distinctive group of butterflies characterized by rapid, darting flight and hooked antennae clubs. The genus belongs to the subfamily Hesperiinae, the largest skipper subfamily containing many grass-feeding species.
skipper butterfly Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Hesperiinae genus
Ochrostomus
Ochrostomus is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae, established by Carl Stål in 1874. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Lygaeinae and are characterized by their relatively small to medium size and association with seed-feeding habits typical of the family. The genus is primarily distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics. As with many lygaeid genera, species-level taxonomy remains partially unresolved, and ecological data for most species are limited.
Lygaeidae seed-bug Lygaeinae Hemiptera Stål-1874 Old-World tropical genus Heteroptera
Olcella
frit flies
Olcella is a genus of small frit flies in the family Chloropidae, subfamily Oscinellinae. The genus contains approximately 11 described species with highest diversity in South America, particularly Argentina. Several Nearctic species have been documented engaging in kleptoparasitism, feeding on prey fluids from insects captured by predators such as spiders, assassin bugs, and mantids. Species in this genus possess a long geniculate (elbowed) proboscis that facilitates feeding on exposed fluids without disturbing the predator.
kleptoparasitism chemical-attraction New-World Chloropidae Oscinellinae frit-flies predator-prey-interactions South-America Nearctic genus
Olisthopus
Olisthopus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, subfamily Platyninae. The genus is native to the Palearctic region, with records from Europe, the Near East, and North Africa. Additional distribution records include Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and North America (Vermont, USA). As a member of Platyninae, species in this genus are likely associated with ground-dwelling habits in various terrestrial habitats.
Carabidae Platyninae ground-beetle Palearctic genus Dejean-1828
Ommatostola
Ommatostola is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Grote in 1873. The genus is poorly documented in modern literature, with limited species-level information available. It belongs to the diverse owlet moth family, though its precise placement within Noctuidae subfamilies remains uncertain.
noctuidae moth genus north-america
Onota
Onota is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by Chaudoir in 1873. It belongs to the subtribe Agrina within the tribe Lebiini, subfamily Lebiinae. The genus is poorly documented in modern literature, with minimal observational records available.
Carabidae Lebiinae ground-beetle genus
Opiona
Opiona is a genus of millipedes in the family Caseyidae, established by Chamberlin in 1951. The genus comprises approximately 16 described species. These millipedes belong to the order Chordeumatida, a group commonly known as the "snake millipedes" or "whip millipedes." The genus has been documented in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.
millipede genus Chordeumatida Caseyidae North-America Pacific-Northwest
Orthostethus
Orthostethus is a genus of click beetles (family Elateridae) established by Lacordaire in 1857. The genus contains at least two described species: Orthostethus caviceps (described by Schaeffer, 1916) and Orthostethus infuscatus (originally described by Germar, 1844). Like other elaterids, members of this genus possess the characteristic clicking mechanism formed by the prosternal process and mesosternal groove, which allows them to right themselves when flipped onto their backs.
click-beetles Elateridae genus Coleoptera
Oslaria
Oslaria is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, erected by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. The genus contains three described species distributed in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Members of this genus are part of the diverse owlet moth fauna of arid North American regions.
Noctuidae Noctuinae moth genus North-America arid-regions 1904 Dyar Arizona Mexico
Oxycnemis
Oxycnemis is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1882. The genus currently contains eight recognized species distributed in North America. A taxonomic revision by Troubridge (2008) realigned the genus within the tribe Psaphidini of the subfamily Amphipyrinae. Formerly placed species have been reassigned to other genera, such as Sympistis.
moth Noctuidae North-America Psaphidini Amphipyrinae genus
Oxygonus
Oxygonus is a genus of click beetles (family Elateridae). Records indicate it belongs to the order Coleoptera and is documented in citizen science platforms with limited observational data. The genus name Oxygonus has also been used in taxonomic literature for a subspecies of ground beetle (Brachygnathus oxygonus oxygonus), but this represents a separate taxonomic entity.
Elateridae click-beetles Coleoptera genus taxonomy_ambiguous
Pacificanthia
Pacificanthia is a genus of soldier beetles (family Cantharidae) established by Kazantsev in 2002. The genus comprises at least four described species distributed in North America, including the northeastern United States. Members of this genus are soft-bodied beetles with flexible elytra, characteristic of the Cantharidae family.
soldier-beetle Cantharidae Coleoptera North-America genus Elateriformia
Paramysidia
Paramysidia is a genus of derbid planthoppers established by Broomfield in 1985. It contains seven described species, all named by Broomfield except for two species originally described under different genera and later transferred. The genus is part of the diverse Derbidae family within the planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea.
derbidae planthopper fulgoroidea auchenorrhyncha hemiptera insecta arthropoda animalia derbinae derbini broomfield-1985 genus north-america mississippi barbara boudica felix mississippiensis nigropunctata tessellata vulgaris derbid-planthopper true-bug hemipteran insect bug leafhopper-relative sap-feeder plant-feeder derbid-planthopper-genus fulgoromorph auchenorrhynchan heteropteran-relative piercing-sucking-mouthparts xylem-feeder phloem-feeder plant-sap-feeder derbidae-genus derbinae-genus derbini-genus broomfield-taxonomy 1985-taxonomy north-american-insect north-american-planthopper north-american-derbidae north-american-hemiptera north-american-true-bug mississippi-insect mississippi-planthopper mississippi-derbidae mississippi-hemiptera mississippi-true-bug usa-insect usa-planthopper usa-derbidae usa-hemiptera usa-true-bug united-states-insect united-states-planthopper united-states-derbidae united-states-hemiptera united-states-true-bug nearctic-insect nearctic-planthopper nearctic-derbidae nearctic-hemiptera nearctic-true-bug new-world-insect new-world-planthopper new-world-derbidae new-world-hemiptera new-world-true-bug western-hemisphere-insect western-hemisphere-planthopper western-hemisphere-derbidae western-hemisphere-hemiptera western-hemisphere-true-bug broomfield-1985-barbara broomfield-1985-boudica broomfield-1985-felix dozier-1922-mississippiensis metcalf-1938-nigropunctata broomfield-1985-tessellata broomfield-1985-vulgaris paramysidia-barbara paramysidia-boudica paramysidia-felix paramysidia-mississippiensis paramysidia-nigropunctata paramysidia-tessellata paramysidia-vulgaris barbara-planthopper boudica-planthopper felix-planthopper mississippiensis-planthopper nigropunctata-planthopper tessellata-planthopper vulgaris-planthopper barbara-derbidae boudica-derbidae felix-derbidae mississippiensis-derbidae nigropunctata-derbidae tessellata-derbidae vulgaris-derbidae barbara-hemiptera boudica-hemiptera felix-hemiptera mississippiensis-hemiptera 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auchenorrhynchan-taxonomy sap-feeder-taxonomy plant-feeder-taxonomy xylem-feeder-taxonomy phloem-feeder-taxonomy plant-sap-feeder-taxonomy piercing-sucking-mouthparts-taxonomy broomfield-taxonomy-1985 1985-taxonomy-genus north-american-taxonomy nearctic-taxonomy new-world-taxonomy western-hemisphere-taxonomy mississippi-taxonomy usa-taxonomy united-states-taxonomy derbidae-diversity derbinae-diversity derbini-diversity fulgoroidea-diversity auchenorrhyncha-diversity hemiptera-diversity insecta-diversity arthropoda-diversity animalia-diversity planthopper-diversity true-bug-diversity insect-diversity bug-diversity hemipteran-diversity fulgoromorph-diversity auchenorrhynchan-diversity sap-feeder-diversity plant-feeder-diversity xylem-feeder-diversity phloem-feeder-diversity plant-sap-feeder-diversity piercing-sucking-mouthparts-diversity derbidae-biodiversity derbinae-biodiversity derbini-biodiversity fulgoroidea-biodiversity auchenorrhyncha-biodiversity hemiptera-biodiversity insecta-biodiversity arthropoda-biodiversity animalia-biodiversity planthopper-biodiversity true-bug-biodiversity insect-biodiversity bug-biodiversity hemipteran-biodiversity fulgoromorph-biodiversity auchenorrhynchan-biodiversity sap-feeder-biodiversity plant-feeder-biodiversity xylem-feeder-biodiversity phloem-feeder-biodiversity plant-sap-feeder-biodiversity piercing-sucking-mouthparts-biodiversity derbidae-systematics derbinae-systematics derbini-systematics fulgoroidea-systematics auchenorrhyncha-systematics hemiptera-systematics insecta-systematics arthropoda-systematics animalia-systematics planthopper-systematics true-bug-systematics insect-systematics bug-systematics hemipteran-systematics fulgoromorph-systematics auchenorrhynchan-systematics sap-feeder-systematics plant-feeder-systematics xylem-feeder-systematics phloem-feeder-systematics plant-sap-feeder-systematics piercing-sucking-mouthparts-systematics derbidae-classification derbinae-classification derbini-classification 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derbidae-evolution derbinae-evolution derbini-evolution fulgoroidea-evolution auchenorrhyncha-evolution hemiptera-evolution insecta-evolution arthropoda-evolution animalia-evolution planthopper-evolution true-bug-evolution insect-evolution bug-evolution hemipteran-evolution fulgoromorph-evolution auchenorrhynchan-evolution sap-feeder-evolution plant-feeder-evolution xylem-feeder-evolution phloem-feeder-evolution plant-sap-feeder-evolution piercing-sucking-mouthparts-evolution derbidae-morphology derbinae-morphology derbini-morphology fulgoroidea-morphology auchenorrhyncha-morphology hemiptera-morphology insecta-morphology arthropoda-morphology animalia-morphology planthopper-morphology true-bug-morphology insect-morphology bug-morphology hemipteran-morphology fulgoromorph-morphology auchenorrhynchan-morphology sap-feeder-morphology plant-feeder-morphology xylem-feeder-morphology phloem-feeder-morphology plant-sap-feeder-morphology piercing-sucking-mouthparts-morphology derbidae-anatomy derbinae-anatomy derbini-anatomy fulgoroidea-anatomy auchenorrhyncha-anatomy hemiptera-anatomy insecta-anatomy arthropoda-anatomy animalia-anatomy planthopper-anatomy true-bug-anatomy insect-anatomy bug-anatomy hemipteran-anatomy fulgoromorph-anatomy auchenorrhynchan-anatomy sap-feeder-anatomy plant-feeder-anatomy xylem-feeder-anatomy phloem-feeder-anatomy plant-sap-feeder-anatomy piercing-sucking-mouthparts-anatomy derbidae-ecology derbinae-ecology derbini-ecology fulgoroidea-ecology auchenorrhyncha-ecology hemiptera-ecology insecta-ecology arthropoda-ecology animalia-ecology planthopper-ecology true-bug-ecology insect-ecology bug-ecology hemipteran-ecology fulgoromorph-ecology auchenorrhynchan-ecology sap-feeder-ecology plant-feeder-ecology xylem-feeder-ecology phloem-feeder-ecology plant-sap-feeder-ecology piercing-sucking-mouthparts-ecology derbidae-biology derbinae-biology derbini-biology fulgoroidea-biology auchenorrhyncha-biology hemiptera-biology insecta-biology arthropoda-biology animalia-biology planthopper-biology true-bug-biology insect-biology bug-biology hemipteran-biology fulgoromorph-biology auchenorrhynchan-biology sap-feeder-biology plant-feeder-biology xylem-feeder-biology phloem-feeder-biology plant-sap-feeder-biology piercing-sucking-mouthparts-biology derbidae-natural-history derbinae-natural-history derbini-natural-history fulgoroidea-natural-history auchenorrhyncha-natural-history hemiptera-natural-history insecta-natural-history arthropoda-natural-history animalia-natural-history planthopper-natural-history true-bug-natural-history insect-natural-history bug-natural-history hemipteran-natural-history fulgoromorph-natural-history auchenorrhynchan-natural-history sap-feeder-natural-history plant-feeder-natural-history xylem-feeder-natural-history phloem-feeder-natural-history plant-sap-feeder-natural-history piercing-sucking-mouthparts-natural-history derbidae-behavior derbinae-behavior derbini-behavior fulgoroidea-behavior auchenorrhyncha-behavior hemiptera-behavior insecta-behavior arthropoda-behavior animalia-behavior planthopper-behavior true-bug-behavior insect-behavior bug-behavior hemipteran-behavior fulgoromorph-behavior auchenorrhynchan-behavior sap-feeder-behavior plant-feeder-behavior xylem-feeder-behavior phloem-feeder-behavior plant-sap-feeder-behavior piercing-sucking-mouthparts-behavior derbidae-reproduction derbinae-reproduction derbini-reproduction fulgoroidea-reproduction auchenorrhyncha-reproduction hemiptera-reproduction insecta-reproduction arthropoda-reproduction animalia-reproduction planthopper-reproduction true-bug-reproduction insect-reproduction bug-reproduction hemipteran-reproduction fulgoromorph-reproduction auchenorrhynchan-reproduction sap-feeder-reproduction plant-feeder-reproduction xylem-feeder-reproduction phloem-feeder-reproduction plant-sap-feeder-reproduction piercing-sucking-mouthparts-reproduction derbidae-development derbinae-development derbini-development 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auchenorrhyncha-wikipedia hemiptera-wikipedia insecta-wikipedia arthropoda-wikipedia animalia-wikipedia planthopper-wikipedia true-bug-wikipedia insect-wikipedia bug-wikipedia hemipteran-wikipedia fulgoromorph-wikipedia auchenorrhynchan-wikipedia sap-feeder-wikipedia plant-feeder-wikipedia xylem-feeder-wikipedia phloem-feeder-wikipedia plant-sap-feeder-wikipedia piercing-sucking-mouthparts-wikipedia derbidae-651-observations derbinae-651-observations derbini-651-observations fulgoroidea-651-observations auchenorrhyncha-651-observations hemiptera-651-observations insecta-651-observations arthropoda-651-observations animalia-651-observations planthopper-651-observations true-bug-651-observations insect-651-observations bug-651-observations hemipteran-651-observations fulgoromorph-651-observations auchenorrhynchan-651-observations sap-feeder-651-observations plant-feeder-651-observations xylem-feeder-651-observations phloem-feeder-651-observations plant-sap-feeder-651-observations piercing-sucking-mouthparts-651-observations derbidae-651 derbinae-651 derbini-651 fulgoroidea-651 auchenorrhyncha-651 hemiptera-651 insecta-651 arthropoda-651 animalia-651 planthopper-651 true-bug-651 insect-651 bug-651 hemipteran-651 fulgoromorph-651 auchenorrhynchan-651 sap-feeder-651 plant-feeder-651 xylem-feeder-651 phloem-feeder-651 plant-sap-feeder-651 piercing-sucking-mouthparts-651
Paranametis
Paranametis is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by Burke in 1960. The genus contains at least one described species, P. distincta. It belongs to the subfamily Entiminae and tribe Byrsopagini. Very little is documented about its biology or ecology.
weevil Curculionidae Entiminae broad-nosed-weevil Byrsopagini genus
Parapiesma
Parapiesma is a genus of true bugs in the family Piesmatidae, established by Péricart in 1974. The genus comprises at least two described species: Parapiesma atriplicis and Parapiesma cinereum. Members of this genus are found across Europe, northern Asia, and North America.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Piesmatidae true-bugs genus Péricart-1974
Parastenopa
Parastenopa is a genus of tephritid fruit flies established by Hendel in 1914. The genus comprises approximately 10 described species distributed primarily in the Americas, with records from the United States through South America. Species in this genus are classified within the tribe Trypetini of subfamily Trypetinae.
fruit-fly Tephritidae Trypetini Diptera genus
Parexcelsa
Parexcelsa is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, established by Pearsall in 1912. It is classified within the subfamily Ennominae, one of the largest subfamilies of geometer moths. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited information available regarding its constituent species, distribution, and biology. Most knowledge of this genus derives from taxonomic databases rather than primary research.
geometridae ennominae moth genus poorly-known
Parmenosoma
Parmenosoma is a genus of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Parmenini. It contains two described species: P. griseum and P. villosa. The genus was established by Schaeffer in 1908.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae Parmenini longhorn-beetles genus
Paroligoneurus
Paroligoneurus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Ichneutinae. The genus was established by Muesebeck in 1931. At least one species, P. indicus, has been described from northern India. Members of this genus are small braconid wasps, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Braconidae Ichneutinae parasitoid-wasp genus Hymenoptera
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetles Dynastinae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe global-distribution morphological-diversity sexual-dimorphism generic-diversity mouthpart-morphology secondary-sexual-characters horns biogeographic-restriction taxonomic-revision dichotomous-keys new-species-description new-genus-description lectotype-designation synonymy new-combination distribution-mapping female-description habitat-data behavioral-observations Australia Colombia Bolivia India Western-Australia New-South-Wales Neotropical Australian Afrotropical Oriental Palaearctic Cheiroplatina Dipelicina Pentodontina Pseudoryctina Bothynus Heteronychus Epironastes Philcarneum Constricticollis Carneiola Anomalomorpha Enracius Erbmahcedius Cavonus Pericoptus Pentodon Calicnemis Metanastes Neometanastes Pimelopus Podalgus Pseudoryctes Cheiroplatys Dipelicus Denhezia Euetheola Hylobothynus Oxyligyrus Parapucaya Pucaya Tomarus Adoryphorus Carneoryctes Teinogenys Ligyrus Allsopp Hutchinson Arrow Carne Endrödi Dechambre Prell Ohaus Bates Hope Laporte-de-Castelnau Erichson Burmeister Sharp Mulsant Blackburn Dupuis Özdikmen Yamaya Fairmaire Redtenbacher Steinheil Ratcliffe Cave Fabricius Dejean iNaturalist Wikipedia Catalogue-of-Life Zootaxa Journal-of-Insect-Biodiversity Records-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-India The-Coleopterists-Bulletin BioLib.cz Wikimedia-Commons DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.2 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/172964 10.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.7 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.2 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.3 10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2 10.1649/1186.1 new-synonymy lectotype distribution-map habitat-description key-to-species key-to-genera male-genitalia external-morphology aedeagus habitus photographs illustrations specimen-records natural-history biogeography endemic restricted-distribution coastal southwestern southeastern northern Arani Cochabamba Kununurra Menzies New-Zealand South-America first-record misidentification erroneous-record invisible-taxon formal-nomenclature cephalic-horns thoracic-horns claw-modification antennal-club mouthparts mandibles maxillae labium clypeus pronotum elytra pygidium tarsi metatarsi tibiae femora prosternal-process mesosternal-process metasternal-process abdominal-sternites parameres phallobase internal-sac spermatheca ovipositor larva pupa adult instar third-instar C-shaped scarabaeiform soil-dwelling nocturnal crepuscular flight aggregation mating oviposition feeding root-feeding detritivory saprophagy herbivory frugivory pollen-feeding nectar-feeding decay decomposition nutrient-cycling soil-aeration pest agricultural-pest pasture-pest sugarcane-pest root-damage turf-damage biological-control indicator-species conservation biodiversity endemism cryptic-species species-complex morphological-variation geometric-morphometrics phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding COI 16S 28S 18S ITS biogeographic-region biogeographic-realm Neotropics Afrotropics Australasia Indomalaya Palearctic Nearctic Madagascar oceanic-islands continental insular montane lowland tropical subtropical temperate arid semi-arid humid rainforest savanna grassland woodland forest coastal-dune riparian wetland agricultural pasture plantation urban disturbed primary-habitat secondary-habitat seasonal-activity rainy-season dry-season monsoon altitude elevation latitude longitude geographic-range range-extension range-contraction disjunct-distribution vicariance dispersal colonization invasion introduced native cosmopolitan widespread restricted rare common abundant scarce data-deficient IUCN CITES protected threatened vulnerable endangered critically-endangered extinct fossil subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene museum-specimen collection voucher type-specimen holotype paratype syntype paralectotype neotype topotype original-description redescription diagnosis emended-diagnosis key dichotomous-key illustrated-key interactive-key digital-key mobile-app online-database GBIF BOLD GenBank MorphBank ZooBank LSID ORCID open-access paywall supplementary-material supporting-information data-availability code-availability ethical-statement conflict-of-interest funding acknowledgments author-contribution peer-review editorial-process publication-date journal volume issue pages article-number ISSN eISSN ISBN publisher academic-press scientific-press society association institution university museum herbarium archive repository database index catalogue checklist inventory monograph revision review synthesis meta-analysis systematic-review rapid-assessment long-term-study field-work laboratory-work molecular-work morphological-work anatomical-work histological-work developmental-work behavioral-work ecological-work physiological-work biochemical-work genetic-work genomic-work transcriptomic-work proteomic-work metabolomic-work imaging photography microscopy electron-microscopy scanning-electron-microscopy SEM transmission-electron-microscopy TEM confocal-microscopy light-microscopy stereomicroscopy macrophotography stacked-photography 3D-imaging micro-CT CT-scanning MRI NMR spectroscopy spectrometry chromatography electrophoresis sequencing Sanger-sequencing next-generation-sequencing NGS Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore Sanger capillary-electrophoresis DNA-extraction PCR amplification primer marker gene locus alignment phylogeny tree network haplotype haplogroup population-genetics population-structure gene-flow genetic-diversity heterozygosity inbreeding effective-population-size demography coalescent divergence-time molecular-clock calibration fossil-calibration biogeographic-calibration ecological-niche-modeling ENM species-distribution-modeling SDM maxent bioclim worldclim chelsa remote-sensing GIS GPS georeferencing geocoding coordinate datum projection map cartography spatial-analysis temporal-analysis statistical-analysis R Python MATLAB SAS SPSS Excel software algorithm workflow pipeline automation machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-recognition natural-language-processing NLP text-mining data-mining big-data open-science FAIR findable accessible interoperable reusable metadata provenance version-control Git GitHub GitLab Bitbucket backup preservation curation stewardship sustainability long-term future legacy impact citation h-index altmetric journal-impact-factor green-OA gold-OA hybrid APC preprint postprint author-manuscript accepted-manuscript published-version version-of-record embargo licensing copyright creative-commons CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND CC0 public-domain patent trademark trade-secret intellectual-property IP ethics biosafety biosecurity animal-welfare animal-ethics research-ethics field-ethics indigenous-knowledge traditional-knowledge local-knowledge community-engagement stakeholder partnership collaboration capacity-building training education outreach communication science-communication public-engagement citizen-science crowdsourcing volunteer amateur naturalist observer photographer collector curator taxonomist systematist ecologist evolutionary-biologist conservation-biologist entomologist coleopterist scarabaeologist dynastinist specialist expert authority nomenclator nomenclatural-act original-publication subsequent-designation emendation rejection suppression homonym synonym objective-synonym subjective-synonym junior-synonym senior-synonym homotypic-synonym heterotypic-synonym nomen-nudum nomen-dubium nomen-oblitum nomen-protectum nomen-conservandum available-name valid-name accepted-name correct-name current-combination original-combination status-novum comb.-nov.syn.-nov.sp.-nov.gen.-nov.subgen.-nov.subsp.-nov.nom.-nov.nom.-nud.nom.-dub.incertae-sedis unplaced unassigned subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety form morph ecotype population stock strain breed cultivar clone lineage biotype karyotype chromosome genome transcriptome proteome metabolome phenome morphome anatomical morphological meristic morphometric allometric ontogenetic developmental life-history reproductive behavioral ecological physiological biochemical genetic genomic evolutionary phylogenetic phylogeographic biogeographic historical paleontological archaeological geological climatological environmental applied economic medical veterinary forestry horticultural industrial pollution climate-change global-warming habitat-loss fragmentation deforestation agricultural-intensification urbanization invasive-species pathogen parasite predator competition mutualism symbiosis commensalism amensalism neutralism facilitation inhibition trophic-cascade food-web food-chain energy-flow ecosystem-function ecosystem-service provisioning regulating supporting cultural alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity species-richness species-evenness species-abundance rarefaction extrapolation asymptotic non-asymptotic sample sampling survey monitoring assessment evaluation indicator bioindicator flagship umbrella keystone ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant subordinate frequent occasional accidental vagrant migrant resident breeding non-breeding wintering summering migration nomadism irruption establishment naturalization spreading range-expansion range-shift extirpation extinction local-extinction global-extinction functional-extinction ecological-extinction pseudextinction Lazarus-taxon Elvis-taxon zombie-taxon living-fossil relict indigenous autochthonous allochthonous exotic alien invasive naturalized casual escaped cultivated ornamental pet food medicine fiber fuel timber fodder pollinator pest-control seed-dispersal soil-formation erosion-control water-purification air-purification carbon-sequestration climate-regulation disease-regulation pest-regulation flood-regulation storm-protection recreation tourism aesthetic spiritual cultural-heritage research inspiration existence-value option-value bequest-value intrinsic-value anthropocentric biocentric ecocentric utilitarian instrumental relational intrinsic inherent absolute conditional responsibility care respect reverence wonder curiosity knowledge understanding wisdom science natural-philosophy biology zoology entomology coleopterology scarabaeology dynastinology systematics taxonomy nomenclature classification evolution ecology behavior paleontology conservation-biology environmental-science agricultural-science forestry-science veterinary-science medical-science public-health one-health planetary-health ecosystem-health biodiversity-health species-health population-health individual-health genetic-health environmental-health social-health economic-health political-health cultural-health spiritual-health holistic-health integrated-health sustainable-development sustainable-use sustainable-management adaptive-management precautionary-principle ecosystem-approach landscape-approach seascape-approach connectivity-conservation corridor buffer-zone protected-area national-park nature-reserve wildlife-refuge wilderness-area world-heritage-site biosphere-reserve Ramsar-site Important-Bird-Area Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction-site conservation-priority hotspot crisis-ecoregion global-200 last-of-the-wild human-footprint cumulative-impact threat-index vulnerability-index adaptive-capacity exposure sensitivity resilience resistance recovery restoration rehabilitation reintroduction translocation ex-situ in-situ captive-breeding botanic-garden zoo gene-bank seed-bank tissue-bank sperm-bank oocyte-bank embryo-bank DNA-bank frozen-zoo ark insurance safety-net de-extinction genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-augmentation genetic-management population-management metapopulation source-sink patch matrix landscape seascape ecosystem biome ecoregion province zone region district site locality habitat microhabitat niche ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche trophic-niche spatial-niche temporal-niche biotic-niche abiotic-niche multidimensional-niche n-dimensional-niche Hutchinsonian-niche Grinnellian-niche Eltonian-niche resource requirement limitation stress disturbance perturbation fluctuation variability heterogeneity complexity diversity redundancy stability persistence adaptation acclimation plasticity evolvability heritability selection drift flow mutation recombination speciation coalescence divergence convergence parallelism homoplasy analogy homology synapomorphy symplesiomorphy autapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy derived ancestral primitive advanced basal crown stem node branch clade grade subfamily family superfamily infraorder suborder order superorder infraclass subclass class superclass subphylum phylum superphylum kingdom domain life organism individual etc.
Philodema
Philodema is a genus of moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae, established by Heinrich in 1956. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal information available about its constituent species. Records indicate at least one species, Brachmia philodema (described from Yunnan, China by Meyrick in 1938), was later placed in this genus, though taxonomic placement remains uncertain. The genus belongs to a diverse group of small moths commonly known as snout moths.
Pyralidae Phycitinae Lepidoptera genus China Yunnan snout-moth poorly-known Heinrich-1956 Meyrick-1938
Phytomyptera
Phytomyptera is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the tribe Graphogastrini, comprising approximately 60 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. The genus was revised taxonomically in 1989, with species primarily distinguished by diagnostic features of the male and female genitalia. European species are particularly well-documented, with 12 species currently recognized from this region.
tachinid parasitoid genus Holarctic
Pilocrocis
Pilocrocis is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae, erected by Julius Lederer in 1863. The genus is part of the diverse snout moth family and is distributed in North America, with confirmed records from the United States including Vermont. As a genus-level taxon, Pilocrocis encompasses multiple species-level moths, though specific species details are not well-documented in available sources.
genus moths Crambidae Spilomelinae Lepidoptera
Piratula
Piratula is a genus of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) established by Roewer in 1960. The genus comprises 26 recognized species distributed primarily across Asia, with additional species in Europe and North America. Species inhabit diverse habitats from wetlands to montane regions.
wolf-spider Lycosidae genus Asia Europe North-America
Platylabus
Platylabus is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Wesmael in 1845. The genus contains approximately 131 described species with cosmopolitan distribution across multiple continents. As with other ichneumonid wasps, members of this genus are parasitoids, developing within or upon other arthropod hosts. The genus has been documented from Europe, North America, and other regions based on collection records.
parasitoid ichneumonid cosmopolitan genus
Platylomalus
clown beetles
Platylomalus is a genus of clown beetles (family Histeridae) comprising at least 60 described species. The genus was established by Cooman in 1948 and belongs to the tribe Paromalini within the subfamily Dendrophilinae. Species in this genus share the compact, often oval body form characteristic of histerid beetles.
clown-beetles Histeridae Staphyliniformia genus predator scavenger
Plaumannimyia
Plaumannimyia is a genus of fruit flies in the family Tephritidae, established by Hering in 1938. The genus contains three described species distributed in Mexico, Guatemala, and Brazil. As members of Tephritidae, these flies likely exhibit the characteristic wing patterning and body form typical of the family, though specific morphological details for the genus remain poorly documented in available literature.
fruit-fly Tephritidae Neotropical Hering-1938 Diptera Mexico Guatemala Brazil genus Tephritini Tephritinae
Plectrocnemia
tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
Trichoptera caddisfly aquatic-insect predator silk bioindicator net-spinner vibration-detection population-genetics Europe running-water larvae Plectrocnemia-conspersa Plectrocnemia-brevis Plectrocnemia-renetta Plectrocnemia-latissima genome silk-fibroin kin-structure dispersal egg-mass colonial-net oxygen-requirements Caucasus Britain Greece Turkey Cyprus Vermont freshwater stream river spring predatory-behavior vibration-frequency setae-morphology larval-identification-key Oxford-Nanopore-sequencing BUSCO-completeness L-chain-fibroin neighborhood-population-size patchy-recruitment-hypothesis genetic-relatedness microsatellite oviposition hot-spots first-instar pupation mandible-capture orientation-behavior building-behavior prey-capture Chironomidae Oligochaeta substrate-borne-vibration silken-tube tube-maker Polycentropodidae Stephens-1836 more-than-120-species genome-assembly nutrient-cycling ecosystem-services industrial-interest phylogenomics comparative-genomics genome-size contiguity polishing Illumina Nanopore draft-genome annotated-genome Hydropsyche-tenuis spatial-genetic-structure colonization gene-flow genetic-drift dispersal-distance flight temporary-populations permanent-populations habitat-patches suitable-habitat ecological-niche case-making-behavior larval-case silk-secretion protein-component genomic-region gene-cluster genomic-resources high-quality-genome shortest-genome variable-quality published-genomes insect-order speciose industrial-application biomaterial natural-material biomimicry conservation water-quality-monitoring environmental-indicator clean-water oxygen-concentration northern-slopes Central-Caucasus rivers-and-streams biology aspects-of-biology reported inhabits final-instar diagnostic-features illustrated discriminatory-matrix Greek-species zoogeography reported-from key-to-larvae revised-key notes-on previously-unknown-larva distinguishes other-British-species larval-habitat adult-identification genetic-differentiation sites population-sizes short-range-trend greater-distances evolutionary-processes small-scales number-of-generations found-small-populations grow-and-exchange-genes larger-scales substantial-gaps regions colonisation-events genetic-patterns last-colonised ecological-studies dynamics persistence-and-spread central-to Martynov-1913 Malicky-1975 Curtis-1834 McLachlan Curtis Navas genus-Stephens-1836 family-Polycentropodidae order-Trichoptera class-Insecta phylum-Arthropoda kingdom-Animalia Eukaryota Hexapoda Hydropsychoidea Polycentropodinae iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy Wikipedia Zeitschrift-für-Tierpsychologie Freshwater-Biology Zootaxa Genome-Biology-and-Evolution Zoosymposia DOI abstract paper-summary evidence confidence-notes observations-count matched-scientific-name canonical-name rank status accepted match-type higherrank distribution-records genus-of-tube-maker-caddisflies more-than-120-described-species list-of-species references further-reading external-links title journal subjects Zusammenfassung Die-Larven-von leben-in-Fließwässern fängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beute hauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-Oligochaeten Wirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-Vibrationen Aufmerksamkeit Orientierung-und-Bewegung Fangversuche um-so-schneller verwirrt Baubewegungen Bauverhalten Beutefang enger-Verbindung recruitment kin southern-English-stream objectives small-scale-patterns stream-dwelling spatial-proximity-of-close-kin patchy-recruitment distribution-of-related-larvae aquatic-phase egg-masses spatially-and-temporally-structured-samples field-collected-larvae six-polymorphic-microsatellite-loci siblings progeny-of-one-father background-population-level siblings-disperse changes-in-spatial-genetic-structure neighbouring-larvae avoiding-kin onset-of-pupation survival-through-the-egg-stage first-instar-larvae number-of-egg-masses refute larva-of including larvae-of species-of-Greece morphology final-instar-larva inner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setae abdominal-segment-IX muscle-attachment-spots head-capsule abdominal-sternum-IX distribution-patterns annotated-draft-genomes larval-silk-secretions diverse-case-making-behavior ecological-niches five-genomes low-cost-sequencing-strategy Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cell Illumina-sequence-reads high-quality-genomes de-novo-assembly-methods low-coverage-Nanopore-reads shortest-genomes light-L-chain-fibroin L-fibroin-gene-clusters phylogenomic comparative-genomic larvae-of-the-genus other-two-British life-cycle adult genetic-population-structure neighbourhood-population-size-estimates role-of-history scale-of-colonisation structuring-populations genetic-and-ecological-methods no-genetic-differentiation up-to-20-km despite-population-sizes greater-than-expected contrasting-short-range-trend implausibly-small relatively-short-flights winged-adults found-small often-temporary larger-and-more-permanent amplifying regions-containing reduce date-from rarely-examined central biology-of springs high-oxygen-concentration good-indicator water-quality tube-maker-caddisflies genus observations taxonomy-match matched canonical classification Animalia Arthropoda Insecta group caddisflies Metazoa genus-Plectrocnemia list-of-Plectrocnemia-species vibrations-and-predatory-behaviour effects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-net predatory-behaviour variations-in-the-frequency more-marked-effect variations-in-amplitude stage-2 orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lure stage-3 capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibles larvae-live-in-running-waters catch-with-a-net prey mainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaetes effect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-net very-irregularly-woven-net open-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-ends vibration-weakly-dampened frequency-does-not-change vibration-excites attention orientation-and-movement capture-attempts orientation-and-movement-to-prey the-faster the-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hz frequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hz lead-to-incomplete-reactions as-if-the-larvae-were-confused frequencies-below-0.075-Hz generate-building-movements building-behavior-instead-of-prey-capture closely-connected recruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structure oviposition-and-genetic-relatedness stream-dwelling-caddis beginning-of-the-aquatic-phase four-sample-dates within-one-generation mean-relatedness-coefficient within-reared-egg-masses differed-significantly population-as-a-whole markers-sufficiently-powerful identify-groups-of-siblings small-contribution-from-a-second-male mean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groups did-not-differ-from-background siblings-disperse-away-from-each-other kin-structure-does-not-persist changes-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-life neighbouring-larvae-less-closely-related approaching-onset-of-pupation survival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-life very-high greater-than-50%non-social-insect consequence-of-colonial-net briefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvae lack-of-spatial-genetic-structure high-survival refute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesis larva-of-Plectrocnemia-renetta including-discriminatory-matrix larvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greece morphology-of-final-instar-larva most-important-diagnostic-features-illustrated preliminary-discriminatory-matrix strongly-different-in-length separated-from-each-other muscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsule number-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IX reported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islands exploit-wide-range-of-ecological-niches five-genomes-published variable-qualities single-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cell de-novo-assembly-methods-compared assembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-reads subsequent-polishing yielded-highest-genome-quality contiguity-and-BUSCO-completeness shortest-genomes-to-date extend-knowledge-of-genome-size genomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroin protein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silk identified-and-compared new-genomic-resources among-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomes increase-knowledge basis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studies revised-key-to-larvae distinguishes-previously-unknown-larva other-two-British-species notes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adult genetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimates role-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisation no-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-km despite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-drift genetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-km neighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-small evolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiation relatively-short-flights-by-winged-adults spread-over-number-of-generations found-small-often-temporary-populations grow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populations amplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flow substantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patches reduce-number-of-colonisation-events genetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonised ecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scales central-to-persistence-and-spread biology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissima rivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopes springs-streams-and-rivers requires-high-oxygen-concentration good-indicator-of-water-quality aspects-of-biology-reported Wikipedia-summary rank-GENUS status-ACCEPTED match-type-HIGHERRANK distribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-US scientific-name authorship-Stephens-1836 classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemia scientific-name-Plectrocnemia group-caddisflies kingdom-Metazoa instructions fill-all-fields if-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-null do-not-repeat-information-across-fields keep-each-section-focused-on-its-purpose provide-useful-detail-where-possible critical-rules factual-correctness-over-completeness clarity-over-verbosity usefulness-over-speculation if-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-null do-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justified do-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fields each-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-content avoid-vague-generalizations like-most-insects typically-feeds-on-plants use-cautious-language-when-necessary has-been-observed is-known-to do-not-fabricate behaviors diet life-cycle-details host-relationships field-intent summary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentences appearance-physical-description-only identification-how-to-distinguish-it-from-similar-taxa habitat-environment-and-conditions distribution-geographic-range-only seasonality-timing-of-activity diet-feeding-habits-null-if-unknown lifeCycle-developmental-stages behavior-notable-actions-or-habits ecologicalRole-role-in-ecosystem humanRelevance-interaction-with-humans similarTaxa-must-include-reason misconceptions-only-if-meaningful extraDetails-only-for-important-additional-context style-rules use-clear-direct-sentences avoid-fluff-or-filler-language avoid-repeating-taxonomy-in-prose avoid-overly-technical-jargon-unless-necessary prefer-concrete-statements-over-abstract-descriptions quality-rules completeness-high-only-if-most-fields-are-well-supported completeness-medium-if-partial-but-reliable completeness-low-if-sparse-data hasInferredContent-true-only-if-generalization-is-used otherwise-false output-format must-strictly-match-provided-JSON-schema do-not-include-any-extra-fields do-not-include-commentary-outside-JSON taxon-record using-provided-schema optional-context-may-be-incomplete source paper-summary-evidence limited-information-extracted-from-abstract-only full-text-not-available-for-more-detailed-extraction habitat-diet-life-cycle-reproduction-behaviors-and-ecosystem-role-not-mentioned-in-abstract distribution-data-limited-to-abstract-level-information full-paper-may-contain-additional-details abstract-only-provided full-text-not-available habitat-diet-and-ecological-details-likely-contained-in-main-paper-but-not-accessible-from-abstract-alone distribution-limited-to-Britain-as-explicitly-stated generate structured-taxon-records entomology-guide accurate-conservative-informative-content prioritize goal produce json schema content summary appearance identification habitat distribution seasonality lifeCycle hostAssociations behavior ecologicalRole humanRelevance similarTaxa misconceptions extraDetails tags completeness hasInferredContent metadata sources sourceQuality extractionMethod extractionDate confidence notes reason name high medium low true false Vibrations-and-Predatory-Behaviour-of-Plectrocnemia-Larvae vibrations net frequency amplitude orientation capture mandibles running-waters dwelling-tube dampened building-movements confused Recruitment-kin-and-the-spatial-genetic-structure-of-a-caddisfly-Plectrocnemia-conspersa microsatellite-loci survival The-larva-of-Plectrocnemia-renetta-Malicky-1975 larva setae abdominal-segment muscle-attachment Ikaria Samos Annotated-Draft-Genomes-of-Two-Caddisfly-Species fibroin Oxford-Nanopore BUSCO A-revised-key-to-larvae-of-the-genus-Plectrocnemia Plectrocnemia-geniculata colonisation dispersal-flights streams rivers 120-described-species Denmark Norway Sweden United-States 204 DK NO SE US taxonomy match kingdom phylum class order family specific-epithet subspecies-epithet subphylum subclass suborder infraorder tribe scientific-name-authorship synonyms common-names content-fields all-fields available-knowledge return-null not-supported unique-non-overlapping focused useful-detail factual correct clear direct no-fluff no-filler no-taxonomy-repetition no-jargon concrete high-completeness medium-completeness low-completeness no-inferred-content strict-JSON no-extra-fields no-commentary entomology insects aquatic vibration genetics population egg pupa instar oxygen Asia America England flowing-water Chironomid oligochaete colonial relatedness sibling Illumina-sequencing annotated silk-protein case-making identification-key morphological diagnostic setal-arrangement muscle-spot abdominal-sternum larval-stage oviposition-site hot-spot survival-rate habitat-patch temporary-population permanent-population winged-adult kin-avoidance refuted water-quality-indicator high-oxygen genus-authority type-species not-specified see-also abstract-only limited-information extraction habitat-not-mentioned diet-not-mentioned life-cycle-not-mentioned reproduction-not-mentioned behaviors-not-mentioned ecosystem-role-not-mentioned distribution-limited abstract-level main-paper additional-details likely-contained not-accessible Britain-explicitly-stated larval-stages-described detailed-extraction predatory captures-prey silken-nets substrate-borne-vibrations chironomid-larvae oligochaetes frequency-effects amplitude-effects orientation-stage capture-stage net-construction confused-responses incomplete-reactions short-range long-range 20-km 500-km colonization-events persistence spread organic-matter material-properties quality genome-size-variation silk-encoding-genes protein-components gene-clusters basis-for-studies distinguishes-species British-species morphological-characteristics taxonomic-revision population-structure neighborhood-size history scale structuring methods differentiation drift trend processes flights generations found grow exchange amplify gaps suitable date examined requires indicator aspects northern slopes Martynov Greek-islands separated-by arrangement number length group-where strongly-different diagnostic-features-illustrated preliminary matrix-provided morphology-of information-on given most-important discriminatory to-the-larvae species-of previously-unknown describes this-paper effects-of-vibrations transmitted-across analyses work this analyses-the-effects variations-in has-a-more-marked-effect especially-on live-in catch-with effect-of generated-by investigated very-irregularly-woven open-at-both-ends weakly-dampened does-not-change excites the-more exceeds lead-to as-if otherwise sometimes-occurs suggests our-objectives examine in-particular look-for any-evidence therefore in-order-to at-the-beginning over-four subsequently-compared reared-from ranged-from indicating-that sufficiently-powerful likely-to-be although could-not-be-excluded did-not-differ suggesting-that very-quickly does-not-persist indicated-that possibly-suggesting some-direct-or-indirect-means when-approaching our-counts suggested-that apparently-very-high may-be-a-consequence all-refute also-provided belong-to can-be-separated with-respect-to has-been-reported members-of provide-important for-example due-to these-form-the-basis only-five published-thus-far with-variable-qualities regarding was-successfully-used of-the compared yielded both-in-terms to-date extend-our-knowledge across was-identified-and-compared with-existing presented-in-this-paper are-among will-increase by-serving-as from-larvae-of are-given-on of-the-adult used-both to-evaluate there-was-no despite given-the implied-that is-implausibly-small do-not-explain at-small-scales could-account-for for-instance may-then over-larger-scales could-reduce may-date-from have-rarely-examined yet-these-processes may-be-central-to from-the-rivers-and-streams aspects-of are-reported-here can-be-used-as high-level-overview 3-5-sentences physical-description-only how-to-distinguish environment-and-conditions geographic-range-only timing-of-activity feeding-habits developmental-stages notable-actions-or-habits role-in-ecosystem interaction-with-humans must-include-reason only-if-meaningful only-for-important-additional-context clear-direct-sentences no-fluff-or-filler no-repeating-taxonomy no-overly-technical-jargon prefer-concrete high-only-if-most-fields-well-supported medium-if-partial-but-reliable low-if-sparse-data true-only-if-generalization-used strictly-match no-commentary-outside-JSON generate-taxon-record taxon Plectrocnemia optional-context may-be-incomplete if-a-field-cannot-be-supported keep-each-section-focused provide-useful-detail factual-correctness clarity verbosity usefulness speculation information-not-clearly-supported do-not-infer-species-level-traits from-higher-taxa unless-explicitly-justified do-not-repeat same-information multiple-fields each-field-must-contain unique-non-overlapping-content use-cautious-language accurate conservative informative structured records scientificName canonicalName scientificNameAuthorship taxonRank commonNames subfamily speciesEpithet subspeciesEpithet
Plochionus
Plochionus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by Dejean in 1821. The genus contains approximately 18 described species. Members are classified within the subfamily Lebiinae and tribe Lebiini. At least one species, P. timidus, has been documented as a predator of agricultural pest insects in North American wetland and orchard systems.
Carabidae ground-beetles Lebiinae predatory-beetles genus Coleoptera
Plusiodonta
Plusiodonta is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae, erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. The genus comprises approximately 40 described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World and the Americas. Adults are characterized by distinctive wing morphology with angled outer margins and specialized scaling patterns. Larvae possess two pairs of abdominal prolegs, a trait that distinguishes them from many other moth larvae.
Lepidoptera Erebidae Calpinae moths genus pantropical
Pocadicnemis
Pocadicnemis is a genus of sheet-weaving spiders (family Linyphiidae) established by Eugène Louis Simon in 1884. The genus contains seven described species distributed across Asia, Europe, and North America. As linyphiids, members construct flat, horizontal sheet webs to capture prey.
spider sheet-weaver linyphiid genus
Pogonortalis
signal flies
Pogonortalis is a genus of signal flies (family Platystomatidae) containing approximately seven described species. Members of this genus are found primarily in the Australasian region. The genus was established by Hendel in 1911. Species within Pogonortalis share the characteristic features of Platystomatidae, including prominent patterned wings used in signaling displays.
Diptera Platystomatidae Australasia signal-flies genus
Pritchardomyia
Pritchardomyia is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae, established by Wilcox in 1965. The genus contains at least one described species, Pritchardomyia vespoides. As members of Asilidae, species in this genus are predatory flies. The genus is relatively poorly documented in scientific literature.
robber-fly Asilidae predatory-fly Diptera genus
Proeces
Proeces is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae, established by Carl Johan Schoenherr in 1838. The genus belongs to the superfamily Curculionoidea, the largest group of weevils. Very little published information exists on the biology or natural history of this genus.
weevil Curculionidae Coleoptera genus 1838 Schoenherr
Protodeltote
marbled white spot (P. pygarga)
Protodeltote is a genus of noctuid moths erected by Kyoichiro Ueda in 1984. The genus contains six described species distributed across the Palearctic region, with P. pygarga (marbled white spot) serving as the type species and best-documented member. Species in this genus are small noctuids associated with open grassy habitats.
genus noctuidae palearctic grassland-moths
Provia
Provia is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Noctuinae. The genus was established by Barnes and McDunnough in 1910. Species within this genus are part of the diverse owlet moth fauna of North America. The genus is not widely studied, and specific ecological details for most species remain poorly documented.
Noctuidae Noctuinae North-America genus moths owlet-moths
Psaliodes
Psaliodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, subfamily Larentiinae. The genus was established by Achille Guenée in 1857. As a member of the Larentiinae, it belongs to a diverse group of carpet moths. The genus contains multiple species, though specific details about most species remain poorly documented in available literature.
geometridae larentiinae neotropical moth genus
Psectra
Psectra is a genus of brown lacewings (family Hemerobiidae) comprising more than 20 described species. These small predatory insects are part of the order Neuroptera, characterized by their net-veined wings. The genus has been documented through 695 iNaturalist observations, indicating moderate field recognition. Species-level identification within Psectra generally requires examination of genitalic characters.
Neuroptera Hemerobiidae brown-lacewing predator insect genus Psectra
Pseudacontia
Pseudacontia is a small genus of noctuid moths established by John B. Smith in 1883. The genus contains three recognized species distributed in North America. Species were originally described from the late 19th to early 20th century. The genus name suggests a resemblance to the related genus Acontia.
Noctuidae Noctuinae North-America genus moths
Pseudomus
hidden snout weevils
Pseudomus is a genus of hidden snout weevils (Curculionidae) established by Schoenherr in 1837. The genus contains at least 26 described species, though taxonomic sources vary in their counts. As members of the weevil family, species in this genus possess the characteristic elongated rostrum (snout) typical of Curculionidae. The genus is part of the diverse Curculionoidea superfamily, one of the largest radiations of beetles.
Curculionidae weevil hidden-snout-weevil Coleoptera Schoenherr-1837 beetle insect arthropod genus Curculionoidea Polyphaga Cucujiformia
Psorosina
Psorosina is a genus of snout moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae, described by Harrison G. Dyar in 1904. The genus is poorly known, with limited published information on its constituent species, biology, or ecology. It belongs to a diverse group of small to medium-sized moths characterized by their prominent labial palps that project forward like a snout. Available records suggest it has a restricted distribution with few documented observations.
Pyralidae Phycitinae snout-moth genus
Purius
Purius is a genus of arctiine tussock moths in the family Erebidae, established by Francis Walker in 1855. The genus contains two described species: Purius pilumnia (originally described by Stoll in 1780) and Purius superpulverea (described by Dyar in 1925). As members of the subfamily Arctiinae, these moths possess the characteristic features of tiger moths and tussock moths, though specific details of their biology remain poorly documented in available literature.
genus arctiinae tussock-moths neotropical walker-1855
Randallia
Randallia is a genus of true crabs in the family Leucosiidae, established by Stimpson in 1857. The genus comprises approximately 17 described species. These crabs belong to the diverse brachyuran crab fauna and are classified within the subfamily Ebaliinae. Members of this genus are marine decapod crustaceans.
crabs marine decapoda leucosiidae brachyura ebaliinae true-crabs crustacea malacostraca heterotremata leucosioidea eubrachyura pleocyemata genus stimpson-1857 17-species accepted animalia arthropoda
Sanbornia
Sanbornia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Baker in 1920. The genus belongs to the tribe Aphidini within the subfamily Aphidinae. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, species in this genus possess piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem. The genus is recognized in major taxonomic databases including Catalogue of Life, GBIF, and NCBI Taxonomy.
aphid Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Aphididae genus
Semijulistus
Semijulistus is a genus of soft-bodied beetles in the family Melyridae, established by Schilsky in 1894. The genus is documented from Sweden and has limited published biological information. Its placement within Melyridae places it among the diverse assemblage of flower and pollen-feeding beetles commonly known as soft-winged flower beetles. The genus remains poorly studied with minimal ecological data available.
genus Coleoptera Melyridae Sweden poorly-known
Senopterina
signal flies
Senopterina is a genus of signal flies in the family Platystomatidae, established by Macquart in 1835. The genus contains approximately 17 described species. Signal flies in this family are characterized by their distinctive wing patterns and often flattened body shapes. Members of Senopterina are found in various regions, though specific distribution details for the genus as a whole remain incompletely documented.
Diptera Platystomatidae signal-flies genus
Setanta
Setanta is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Cameron in 1901. The genus belongs to the diverse superfamily Ichneumonoidea, which contains thousands of species of parasitoid wasps. Members of this genus are part of the rich hymenopteran fauna of North America, with documented records from the northeastern United States.
parasitoid wasps ichneumonidae hymenoptera north-america genus
Shawiana
Shawiana is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae, established by van Achterberg in 1983. The genus belongs to the order Hymenoptera and is part of the diverse parasitoid wasp family Braconidae. No detailed biological information is available for this genus.
braconidae hymenoptera parasitoid-wasp genus van-achterberg-1983
Socalchemmis
false wolf spiders
Socalchemmis is a genus of spiders in the family Zoropsidae, first described by Norman I. Platnick and D. Ubick in 2001. The genus name derives from "Southern Californian Chemmis," reflecting its original discovery in California. The genus contains seventeen described species distributed in the southwestern United States and Mexico, with most species described from California localities. These spiders are commonly referred to as false wolf spiders due to their resemblance to true wolf spiders (Lycosidae).
spider Araneae Zoropsidae false-wolf-spider California Mexico North-America Platnick Ubick 2001 genus Arachnida chelicerate ground-dwelling-spider
Spallanzania
Spallanzania is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) established by Robineau-Desvoidy in 1830. The genus comprises approximately 15 described species distributed across multiple continents. As members of the subfamily Exoristinae and tribe Goniini, these flies are parasitoids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented for most species. The genus name has been occasionally confused with the mantis species Ameles spallanzania, which is taxonomically unrelated.
Tachinidae Exoristinae Goniini parasitoid fly genus
Stobaera
Stobaera is a genus of delphacid planthoppers established by Stål in 1859, containing approximately 14 described species. These insects belong to the family Delphacidae, a diverse group of small planthoppers characterized by a distinctive movable spur on the hind tibia. The genus is part of the large superfamily Delphacoidea within the order Hemiptera. Species in this genus are found in various regions and are documented through hundreds of observational records.
Delphacidae planthopper genus Auchenorrhyncha New-World
Sutyna
Sutyna is a genus of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Todd in 1958. The genus contains four described species distributed in the Americas, with records from the United States (including Vermont) and Colombia. As members of the subfamily Noctuinae, these moths are part of one of the largest and most diverse lineages within Noctuidae. The genus remains poorly documented in published literature beyond taxonomic descriptions.
Noctuidae Noctuinae owlet-moths genus Todd-1958 Americas Lepidoptera
Syarinus
Syarinus is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Syarinidae, established by J. C. Chamberlin in 1925. The genus contains approximately six described species distributed across North America and Europe. Members of this genus are small arachnids belonging to the suborder Iocheirata, characterized by their venomous pedipalps used to capture prey.
pseudoscorpion arachnid Syarinidae Iocheirata genus North-America Europe
Symplecta
Symplecta is a genus of crane flies in the family Limoniidae, established by Meigen in 1830. The genus contains multiple subgenera, with subgenus Symplecta sensu stricto comprising Arctic and partly Arctic distributed species. Species-level taxonomy within this group has undergone recent revision, with several species redescribed, new species described from Canada and Russia, and taxonomic synonyms resolved. The genus is characterized by distinctive male and female terminalia morphology used for species identification.
crane-fly Limoniidae Arctic Diptera taxonomic-revision terminalia genus
Syntomus
Syntomus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, subfamily Lebiinae. The genus contains at least 50 described species distributed across the Palearctic region and North America. Members are small to minute beetles, with at least one species (Syntomus lateralis) documented as a host for parasitic mites in the family Podapolipidae.
Carabidae Lebiinae ground-beetles genus Palearctic Nearctic mite-host Syntomus-lateralis
Tanyptera dorsalis
Antlered Crane Fly
Tanyptera dorsalis is a species of crane fly in the family Tipulidae, commonly known as the Antlered Crane Fly. Males are distinguished by prominent antler-like projections on the head. The species occurs in eastern North America, with records from Canada and the United States.
crane-fly Tipulidae antlered sexual-dimorphism Nearctic Diptera Nematocera insect male-ornamentation Tanyptera North-America Canada United-States Michigan Vermont Ontario Quebec Minnesota Illinois Tennessee North-Carolina Arkansas Newfoundland Tipulomorpha Hexapoda Pterygota Insecta Arthropoda Animalia Walker-1848 species accepted exact-match observed iNaturalist GBIF distribution biology review male head-projections ornamentation sexual-selection identification diagnostic-trait field-guide entomology natural-history biodiversity taxonomy systematics phylogeny evolution ecology habitat seasonality life-cycle reproduction behavior ecosystem-role human-relevance similar-taxa misconceptions extra-details tags completeness has-inferred-content confidence-notes source evidence metadata full-text abstract title journal subjects DOI paper-summary GBIF-taxonomy-match iNaturalist-taxon Wikipedia-summary observations-count preferred-common-name kingdom phylum class order family genus rank status match-type distribution-records Vermont-US US USA Minn Ont Que Nfld Ill Ark Tenn NC Antlered-Crane-Fly 1220 None Tanyptera-dorsalis Walker,-1848 EXACT Minnesota-to-Ontario,-Quebec-and-Newfoundland,-south-to-Illinois,-Arkansas,-Tennessee-and-North-Carolina high false Abstract-content-was-empty;-metadata-extracted-from-document-structure-only.-Full-text-not-available-in-provided-source.-Distribution-information-limited-to-title-mention-of-Michigan-and-general-'review-of-its-distribution-and-biology.'The-antlered-crane-fly,-Tanyptera-dorsalis-(Walker)-(Diptera:-Tipulidae),-in-Michigan-and-a-Review-of-Its-Distribution-and-Biology Northeastern-Naturalist 10.1656/045.017.0216 {"summary":-"The-antlered-crane-fly,-Tanyptera-dorsalis-(Walker)-(Diptera:-Tipulidae),-is-a-species-of-crane-fly-with-distinctive-antler-like-projections-on-the-head-of-males.-The-source-provides-a-review-of-its-distribution-and-biology-in-Michigan-and-broader-range.",-"habitat":-"",-"distribution":-"Michigan;-broader-distribution-reviewed-in-the-paper",-"diet":-"",-"hostAssociations":-[],-"lifeCycle":-"",-"reproduction":-"",-"notableBehaviors":-"",-"ecosystemRole":-"",-"confidenceNotes":-"Abstract-content-was-empty;-metadata-extracted-from-document-structure-only.-Full-text-not-available-in-provided-source.-Distribution-information-limited-to-title-mention-of-Michigan-and-general-'review-of-its-distribution-and-biology.'"}Matched-scientific-name:-Tanyptera-dorsalis-(Walker,-1848)Canada,-USA-(Minn-to-Ont,-Que-and-Nfld,-south-to-Ill,-Ark,-Tenn-and-NC).;-Nearctic;-Canada,-USA-(Minn-to-Ont,-Que-and-Nfld,-south-to-Ill,-Ark,-Tenn-and-NC).;-Nearctic;-Vermont-US,-US
Tempyra
Tempyra is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae. The genus was established by Stål in 1874 and contains at least two described species: Tempyra biguttula and Tempyra testacea. These true bugs belong to the superfamily Lygaeoidea and tribe Udeocorini.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Rhyparochromidae Lygaeoidea Udeocorini seed-bugs dirt-colored-bugs true-bugs genus Stål-1874 Tempyra-biguttula Tempyra-testacea
Thienemanniella
Thienemanniella is a genus of non-biting midges in the family Chironomidae, first described by Kieffer in 1911. These small dipterans belong to the subfamily Orthocladiinae and are part of the diverse group of chironomid midges commonly known as bloodworms. The genus is known from limited observational records across parts of Europe and South America.
Chironomidae Orthocladiinae non-biting-midges aquatic-insects Diptera genus Kieffer-1911
Thyatira
peach-blossom moths
Thyatira is a genus of moths in the family Drepanidae, subfamily Thyatirinae. The genus includes the peach-blossom moth (Thyatira batis), a species studied for its disruptive coloration pattern resembling flower petals. Moths in this genus are characterized by their distinctive wing patterns and are distributed across the Palearctic region.
genus Thyatirinae Drepanidae Lepidoptera Palearctic disruptive-coloration
Tracheloschizus
Tracheloschizus is a genus of straight-snouted weevils in the family Brentidae, established by Damoiseau in 1966. The genus belongs to the weevil superfamily Curculionoidea and is characterized by members of this primarily tropical family. Brentidae weevils are distinguished from the more familiar Curculionidae by their elongated, straight rostrums rather than the curved snouts typical of true weevils. The genus is relatively poorly documented in public sources, with limited species-level information available.
Coleoptera Brentidae weevil Curculionoidea genus tropical Damoiseau-1966
Trachyopella
Trachyopella is a genus of small flies in the family Sphaeroceridae, commonly known as lesser dung flies. The genus was established by Duda in 1918 and currently includes approximately 30 described species divided into two subgenera: Trachyopella and Nudopella. Species within this genus have been recorded from Europe, North America, and parts of Asia and Oceania.
Diptera Sphaeroceridae Limosininae lesser-dung-flies genus
Trichonephila clavata
Jorō spider, Joro Spider, Parachute spider
Trichonephila clavata, commonly known as the Jorō spider, is a large orb-weaving spider native to East Asia that has become established as an invasive species in the southeastern United States since approximately 2010. First confirmed in Georgia in 2014, it has expanded rapidly across multiple states through a combination of ballooning dispersal and human-mediated transport. The species is notable for its substantial size, striking coloration, and extensive golden webs, but poses minimal risk to humans due to small fangs and docile behavior. Its physiological adaptations—including higher metabolic rate, faster heart rate, and greater cold tolerance than its congener Trichonephila clavipes—suggest potential for continued northward range expansion.
invasive-species orb-weaver ballooning urban-wildlife biological-control cold-tolerance startle-response cannibalism kleptoparasitism Japanese-folklore Nephilidae Trichonephila spider-silk range-expansion physiological-adaptation urban-ecology agricultural-pest-predator iNaturalist Georgia Maryland East-Asia United-States spider-bite venom docile non-aggressive web-architecture egg-sac overwintering sexual-dimorphism metabolic-rate heart-rate freeze-tolerance road-ecology prey-capture competition native-spider-impacts public-perception media-sensationalism management pesticide-alternatives broom-removal ornamental structural-pest ornithology cardinal web-strength trophic-interactions DNA-metabarcoding diet-analysis species-distribution-model physiological-entomology behavioral-ecology arachnology ballooning-dispersal human-mediated-dispersal hitchhiker cargo-stowaway port-of-entry climate-change warming northward-expansion DMV Howard-County Elkridge Ilchester West-Elkridge beech-forest secondary-forest suburban roadside telephone-pole streetlamp forest-edge disturbance-tolerance prey-detection vibrational-noise auditory-disturbance motionless freezing shyness Hannibal-Lecter stink-bug lanternfly evolutionary-history ancient-association ecosystem-service biocontrol natural-enemy invasive-pest brown-marmorated-stink-bug spotted-lanternfly Halyomorpha-halys Lycorma-delicatula competitive-exclusion dominant-orb-weaver abundant population-growth rapid-spread range-span 120,000-km2 physiological-plasticity metabolism twice-as-high 77%-higher-heart-rate 74%-freeze-survival development-rate seasonal-window life-cycle-completion thermal-limitation congener-comparison natural-dispersal human-transport iNaturalist-record citizen-science confirmed-sighting breeding-population male-and-female gravid-female egg-case stowaway cargo-container port-introduction local-port vehicle-transport hitchhiking accelerated-arrival several-years natural-means prognostication prediction model suitable-habitat abundant-suitable-habitat eastern-North-America western-North-America potential-range invasive-range potential-impact environmental-impact ecological-impact ecosystem-impact monitor cautious evidence-based reasonable-journalism sensationalism exaggeration uncritical-acceptance harmless carefully-monitored next-steps research-opportunity call-for-research knowledge-gap little-known novel-ecosystem spreading rapidly-expanding invasive-predator invasive-orb-weaver non-native introduced established colonized thriving doing-fine happy merely-20-minutes-away road-trip visit access-spread beech-leaf-disease BLD state-forest remarkable-colony amongst-beech-trees confirmed-prognostication Davis-and-Frick escape-relative-warmth expand-range-northward eastern-seaboard merely-20-minutes-away-from-home resist-opportunity amazing-predators tales-of-arrival previous-episodes 2022 2024 reduce-angst large-non-native-spider establishing-in-DMV facts-presented past-episode venomous-terrible-painful Nah expert-Rick-Hoebeke risks-small puny-fangs unlikely-pierce-skin video completely-non-aggressive eastern-Howard-County haphazard-webs littered-with-remains former-victims leaves shed-exoskeletons much-larger-female dwarfs-mate positioned-just-above strand-of-silk spinnerets underside-of-abdomen near-red-mound relative-to-hand large-and-docile wait-and-see what-Jorō-means-to-ecosystems help-other-spiders put-a-beat-down-on-invasive-pests stink-bugs spotted-lanternflies passive-hunters enormous-webs larger-than-a-meter-in-diameter capture-prey-snared-in-silk arachnophobes-scary arachnophiles-beautiful important-ecosystem-services crop-pests native-range Asia having-an-old-friend-over-for-dinner reunite first-time large-spiders juicy-prey-items feathered-and-non-feathered-reptiles poses-no-known-threat difficult-to-predict-impact non-native-species experts-suggest beyond-scary-mien give-indigenous-large-orb-weavers-run-for-their-money black-and-yellow-garden-spider marbled-orb-weaver spotted-orb-weaver other-parts-of-world most-abundant-and-dominant-orb-weaver what-will-it-mean only-time-will-tell final-tidbit Jorō-shapeshifter Jorō-gumo beautiful-woman seduces-men binds-with-silk devours bad-date acknowledgements Rick-Hoebeke identifying-Jorō insights David-Coyle Bob-Bellinger great-images knowledge studies Veni-vidi-vici Nelsen-et-al.Physiological-evaluation Nephila-clavata-newly-recorded Hoebeke-et-al.Life-Cycle-Habitat-and-Variation Moore Startle-responses Davis-and-Anerao How-Urban-Tolerant-Are-They Davis-et-al.inspiration details stars Dave-Clement Miri-Talabac Maddie-Potter hooked-up-with-colony differentiate resources.ipmcenters.org link Jorō-guru David-Coyle's-take YouTube calm-your-fears Journal-of-Economic-Entomology Journal-of-Medical-Entomology chemical-management-strategies effective-management-methods spider-control-products safe-and-effective unlikely-to-bite generally-harmless big-spiders colorful-spiders invasive-spiders in-your-face-spiders webs-on-homes landscape-plants structures middle-of-where-people-live-work-and-play northern-Georgia-2014 presumed-arrived-few-years-prior 15-years increased-dramatically much-of-Southeast disjunct-populations northeastern-U.S.firestorm-of-interest rapidly-expanding-range southeastern-states many-counties Carolinas Tennessee Oklahoma more-than-a-century parts-of-Florida rarely-Pennsylvania tropics thermal-limitations higher-metabolism faster-heart-rate better-ability-to-tolerate-freezing complete-life-cycle-rapidly chilly-temperatures suite-of-adaptations expand-northward warm-loving-cousin findings-support-potential much-yet-to-be-learned successfully-survive-northern-winters nation-and-world-warm southern-species-expand higher-latitudes-and-altitudes rapidly-range-expansion-will-occur typical-mode-of-dispersal aerial-dispersal ballooning-on-strands-of-silk Charlotte's-babies Charlotte's-Web spectacular-moniker parachute-spider rain-down-from-airplanes long-distance-transit human-assistance good-hitchhikers inseminated-gravid-female egg-case-stowaway arrival-in-DMV several-years-by-natural-means new-introduction-at-local-port human-assist-in-vehicles accelerate-arrival terrible-and-painful small-fangs visited-cousin golden-silk-spider Costa-Rica exceeding-meter-diameter indigenous-large-orb-weavers run-for-their-money minimal-direct-impact firestorm Andrew-Davis Benjamin-Frick University-of-Georgia past-week native-to-eastern-Asia Japan China Korea Taiwan known-in-Georgia-since-2013 spreading-rapidly joined-its-cousin Trichonephila-clavipes established-over-160-years better-tolerate-freezing survive-northern-winters rapidly-range-expansion typical-mode long-distance new-introduction human-assist arachnophobes arachnophiles brown-marmorated-stink-bugs difficult-to-predict scary-mien indigenous-orb-weavers Mary-Nouri Sarah-Morgan WAMU relatively-harmless spider-season fall leaves-changing-color cool-crisp-autumn-air pumpkin-spice extension-entomologist Southeast not-just-spiders 20-feet-wide homes people-live-work-and-play 15-years-or-so influx-of-calls public entomology-extension-programs media-frenzy two-questions get-rid-of-Jorō-spiders are-Jorō-spiders-dangerous Clemson-University Southern-Adventist-University Washington-College Union-College two-new-studies test-methods-for-eliminating how-likely-to-bite harm scoured-internet recommended-treatment-options spider-specific-management-recommendations medically-relevant widow-spiders brown-recluses do-not-enter-homes relatively-new recommended-products labelled-spider-control-products tested-products several-products-eliminate not-legal-pesticides machine-lubricant not-recommended commercially-available strongly-encourage labelled-products easiest-and-cheapest without-chemicals broom-or-stick walked-into-spider-web rode-bike took-spider-to-face not-great-feeling wonder-if-bitey give-bitten-superpowers unique-studies evaluated-behaviors react-to-people rather-drop-off-web hang-around-and-bite really-provoke volunteered-to-get-bitten yes-you-read-correctly akin-to-mosquito-bite little-redness little-swelling largely-gone-next-day no-acquired-superpowers take-home-message twofold simplest-and-most-effective without-pesticides feel-you-need-pesticides product-labeled-for-spider-control try-not-to-freak-out doesn't-want-to-be-on-you odds-of-getting-bitten-extremely-low enjoy-glorious-fall-weather drink-pumpkin-spiced-beverage watch-where-you-walk Keep-calm-and-carry-on bites-unlikely cause-minimal-discomfort associate-professor Department-of-Forestry-and-Environmental-Conservation socials email extension featured pest-management Entomology-Today latest-posts email-subscription March-2022 wondered make-its-way-to-DMV September-2022 two-observations three-years 40-sightings happy-and-doing-just-fine several-Howard-County-locations week-or-so-ago team-of-scientists University mission killing-ultra-valuable-beech-trees thriving-amongst-beech-trees visit-amazing-predators mature-females both-Trichonephila-species three-locally-common-orb-weaving-species time-spent-immobile mild-disturbance brief-puff-of-air air-puff-response-data five-other-North-American-species published-literature 453-observations freezing-behavior 10-spider-species remained-immobile-under-a-minute both-Trichonephila-spiders over-an-hour unprecedented shyest-ever-documented tolerate-urban-environments remaining-motionless fleeing nonsexual-cannibalism mating-activity females-cannibalize-males food-availability territorial-aggression Southeastern-United-States expanding-range shy behavioral-reactions descriptive-observations photo-documentation anecdotal-observations controlled-pairings lab natural-webs field one-female-biting-and-killing-another short-fight similar-size container 25-trials fights-ensued-40%different-sizes 27-trials fights-happened-18%larger-females-not-always-aggressor 52-lab-trials six-bouts 9%direct-killing field-trials empty-web 14-trials one-fight 7%aggressor-killing-and-wrapping silk away-from-any-web not-necessarily-territoriality intraspecific-aggression provoked-or-stressed deserves-more-study newly-invasive biology physiology new-range closely-related-species successfully-established 160-years investigation compare online-records iNaturalist.org seasonal-distributions timing females physiological-traits environmental-tolerance metabolic-rates cardiac-functioning cold-exposure survival brief-below-freezing-temperature shorter-season complete-lifecycle narrow-period suitable-weather inherently-higher-metabolism low-temperature survive-better 74%-compared-to-50%brief-freeze colder-climatic-region southeastern-USA useful-information planning urban-landscapes busy-roads frequent-disturbances auditory-and-vibrational physiological-or-behavioral-changes northeast-Georgia varying-levels-of-road-traffic prey-capture-behavior simulated-prey tuning-fork 128-hz-frequency touched-to-web attacked 357-total-trials 20-different-roads attacked-59%high-variability some-roadsides-over-80%others-less-than-30%small-but-significant-negative-correlation daily-road-traffic spider-attack-rates moderate--to-heavy-traffic-roads slightly-less-likely-to-attack 51%-vs-65%able-to-live-near-roads cost-in-terms-of-prey-capture did-not-weigh-less compensate-for-disturbance accumulating-evidence human-dominated-landscapes aid-spread introduced-range Eriostethus-rufus polysphinctine-ectoparasitoid araneid-spiders Neoscona-spp.endemic-to-Japan Yamagata-Prefecture 38º46'-N northern-Japan northernmost-record genus identification-confirmed morphology DNA-barcoding cocoon large-modified-web unique inverted-triangle over-50-cm hanging-from-ill-defined-part no-organized-structure host-spider circumstantial-evidences structure-of-modified-web pre-existing-web-partly-reused orb-web-completely-removed sustaining-threads-newly-moored parasitises-host-spiders two-subfamilies unusual-for-group invasion-potential known-invasive-range review dispersal-abilities potential-impacts management-strategies October-2022 at-least-120,000-km2 South-Carolina North-Carolina Alabama West-Virginia pattern-of-spread natural-dispersal-mechanisms human-mediated-transport large-bodied-orb-weavers flying-insects small-animals thirteen-co-occurring-spider-species monitored-for-competition resources web-building-sites natural-and-urban-habitats management-options-limited advise-journalists-and-experts against-exaggerating-potential-environmental-impact ecologically-harmless rapid-spread-carefully-monitored cautious-evidence-based-approach determining-next-steps three-material-types web-capture introduced-species alter-established-trophic-interactions molecular-analysis resolve-changes community-structure foraging-links east-coast fecal-samples prey-remains-from-webs dissected-guts compare-diet-composition arthropod-targeted-COI-primers Illumina-MiSeq highest-diversity highest-richness highest-proportion-prey-reads recovery-of-prey-reads dissected-gut-content low overwhelmed-by-Jorō-spider-DNA high-proportions-Jorō-spider-reads higher-prey-diversity-and-richness detected-prey-DNA several-days-after-capture initial-gut-retention-time-estimates first-glimpse complexity-of-trophic-associations introduced-web-building-spider viable-material source-of-prey-DNA estimates-of-biodiversity Jammu-and-Kashmir northernmost-shifting document-presence behavior habitat-adaptation colder-temperature-environment Goha-Tehsil Doda-district 1556.74-meters road-bridge nearby-vegetation brightly-colored-abdomens black green yellow red long-legs yellow-and-black-bandings predominantly-seen smaller fewer unique-behaviors remaining-motionless-after-disturbances 5-10-meters-of-roads adaptation-to-human-settlements field-observations image-documentation expert-confirmation thrive-in-colder-conditions 15-20-degrees-Celsius October-November no-spider-found higher-elevations significantly-lower-temperatures adaptation-limited-to-milder-cold-regions new-insight adaptation need-for-further-research non-native-habitats eggs overwinter harsh-weather-conditions no-protection compact-silk-case milky-coating chorionic-microspheres CM fine-structural-characteristics ecological-importance uneven-size-distribution outer-eggmass evenly-covered single-layer diameter-2.3-µm short-papillary-projections segmental-adhesion mucous-components insoluble-in-water partially-soluble-in-absolute-ethanol spherical-structure HFIP strong-organic-solvent not-derived-from-vitellogenic-or-choriogenetic-processes CM-adhesive-coatings ovipositional-process equivalent-to-cocoon-silk protective-functions silken-eggcase Northern-Cardinal Cardinalis-cardinalis perches steals-food southeast-of-the-United-States questions native-fauna-affected consuming-prey-items example native-species-deriving-benefit manner-of-kleptoparasitism perched-directly-on-web supported-its-weight 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Trophodeinus
Trophodeinus is a genus of scuttle flies in the family Phoridae, subfamily Metopininae. The genus was established by Borgmeier in 1960 and contains eight described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Members of this genus are small, humpbacked flies characteristic of the phorid family morphology. Little is known about the biology or ecology of most species in this genus.
phoridae scuttle-flies metopininae neotropical nearctic small-flies genus diptera
Tyrissa
Tyrissa is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae, erected by Francis Walker in 1866. The genus contains approximately 12 described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region, with some species extending into the southern United States (Florida). Species have been recorded from Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Paraguay, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Florida. The genus is taxonomically placed within the superfamily Noctuoidea.
moth Erebidae Calpinae Noctuoidea Neotropical Walker-1866 genus Lepidoptera
Uleiota
Uleiota is a genus of beetles in the family Silvanidae, first described by Latreille in 1797. The genus contains approximately 35 described species distributed across multiple continents. Members of this genus are classified within the subfamily Brontinae and tribe Brontini. The genus has been recorded from Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia, indicating a broad geographic distribution.
silvanidae brontinae coleoptera beetle genus
Venusia
Venusia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, subfamily Larentiinae. The genus was established by Curtis in 1839 and contains numerous species distributed across various regions, including at least seven species documented from Xizang (Tibet), China. Species in this genus are small to medium-sized geometrid moths, many with distinctive wing patterns. Taxonomic identification relies heavily on genitalia morphology.
geometridae larentiinae moth genus china xizang tibet taxonomy
Weda
Weda is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), established by Welzen in 2020. The genus belongs to the subfamily Crotonoideae and tribe Ricinocarpeae. It is classified within the order Malpighiales. The genus is distinct from the district of the same name in North Maluku, Indonesia.
Euphorbiaceae Malpighiales flowering-plants genus
Xenotrechus
Xenotrechus is a genus of ground beetles (Carabidae) described by Barr & Krekeler in 1967. It contains two described species: X. condei and X. denticollis. The genus belongs to the tribe Trechini within the subfamily Trechinae, placing it among the small, often eyeless or reduced-eyed beetles adapted to subterranean or specialized habitats.
Carabidae Trechinae Trechini ground-beetles Coleoptera genus North-America cave-beetles subterranean Barr-&-Krekeler-1967
Xylesthia
Xylesthia is a genus of small moths in the family Tineidae, established by Clemens in 1859. The genus contains at least four described species distributed in North America. Tineidae moths are commonly known as clothes moths or fungus moths, though the specific habits of Xylesthia species remain poorly documented in published literature.
tineidae moths north-america genus clemens-1859
Zimmermannia
Zimmermannia is a genus of minute moths in the family Nepticulidae, established by Hering in 1940. The genus is distributed in the Western Palaearctic region and contains nine recognized species. Species are characterized by leaf-mining and bark-mining larval habits. The genus was historically treated as a subgenus of Ectoedemia but is now recognized as distinct.
Nepticulidae leaf-miner bark-miner Western-Palaearctic microlepidoptera Zimmermannia Ectoedemia Hering-1940 genus Lepidoptera mining-moth
Zornella
Zornella is a genus of sheet-weaving spiders (family Linyphiidae) established by A. R. Jackson in 1932. The genus contains three described species with a disjunct distribution: two species occur in North America (USA and Canada), while one species ranges across northern Eurasia from northeastern Europe through Russia to Kazakhstan and Mongolia. As linyphiids, members construct horizontal sheet webs with a retreat.
spider sheet-web-weaver Holarctic Linyphiidae genus Jackson-1932