Higher-taxa-inference-prohibition
Guides
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Beech Borer
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. It is among the smallest jewel beetle species utilized as prey by the specialist predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which provisions its underground nests with paralyzed buprestid beetles. The species has been documented in nest caches containing up to 13 individuals, reflecting its small size relative to larger buprestid prey.
Buprestidaejewel-beetlemetallic-wood-boring-beetleAgrilusCerceris-fumipennisbiosurveillanceNorth-Americawood-borerpredator-preyMissouribeachnest-provisioningsmall-sizelate-springearly-summerparalyzed-preynest-cacheup-to-13-individualsbeechFagusforest-habitatcitizen-scienceWasp-Watchersemerald-ash-borer-detectioninvasive-species-monitoringfaunal-surveyTed-MacRaeClaire-RutledgeConnecticut-Agricultural-Experiment-Stationbaseball-fieldssandy-soil-nestingaggregate-nestingforaging-range-1000-1500-metersconifer-deciduous-ratioGIS-surveillanceNational-Land-Cover-Datasetpheromone-baited-trap-alternativeearly-detectionash-tree-mortalityFraxinuswood-boring-larvaephloem-feedingnutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesnatural-historyentomological-surveyspecimen-collectionground-pickingwasp-nettingnest-excavationprey-dropping-behaviorkleptoparasitism-risknest-usurpationmultiple-prey-per-nestprovisioning-strategylarval-food-requirementsvolatileshost-tree-locationmate-location-cuesthermoregulatory-behaviorstiltingsun-facingshade-seekingadult-emergenceseasonal-declineJune-peakJuly-declinepopulation-dynamicsabundance-variationsite-fidelityprey-specializationbeetle-diversityAcmaeoderaActenodesAnthaxiaBuprestisChrysobothrisDicercaPoecilonotaSpectralia20+-species400-specimens6-week-surveylate-May-to-early-JulyChesterfield-Valley-Athletic-ComplexSt.-Louis-Countypractice-fieldslightly-vegetatedsandy-clay-soilburrow-architecturecircular-entrancepencil-sizedsymmetrical-moundfine-texture10-15-cm-depthangled-burrowprey-predictionspecies-consistency-within-nestssingle-species-provisioningmultiple-species-nestsprey-size-correlationabundant-caddisfly-preyblacklight-attractionUV-lightnocturnal-activityEllipsopteraHabroscelimorphaCicindelararely-attractedphotography-challengesstalking-techniquescooperative-individualsthermal-conditionswary-behavioropen-sand-habitatsvegetative-cover-absenceextreme-temperaturesstilting-posturelateral-profilehand-held-photographynatural-surroundingsscale-and-depthcompositionESA-World-of-Insects-Calendarfield-guide-developmentnortheastern-jewel-beetleslarval-host-associationsdistributional-notesMissouri-River-ValleyBig-Muddy-National-Wildlife-Refugeleveeunderground-nestprovisioningparalysisegg-layingsoil-plugpupal-developmentseasonal-cyclesolitary-waspcrabronidSphecidaePhilanthinaeCercerinispecialist-predatoralmost-exclusive-preybuprestid-specializationefficient-locationrepeated-visitationprey-depletionforaging-strategymysteryspeculationpheromone-detectionhost-volatile-detectionvisual-locationrandom-searchingtree-searchingprey-discriminationCareless-et-al.-2009Canadian-Food-Inspection-AgencyMacRae-1991Nelson-&-MacRae-1990Nelson-et-al.-1996MacRae-&-Nelson-2003MacRae-2004MacRae-2006Pearson-et-al.-2006Erwin-&-Pearson-2008field-identificationmorphological-characterselytral-punctationsetal-patternshump-armaturehookstiger-beetle-larvaeTetrachaCicindelidiaAmblycheilaOmuswhite-margined-pronotumeye-sizehead-capsulejawsburrow-sealingalien-appearancepredator-avoidanceprey-capturetractionstruggling-preyburrow-vulnerabilitypredation-riskfield-techniquesgrass-stem-guidesoil-removalburrow-relocationtiger-beetle-experiencenest-identificationactive-nestfresh-preyabandoned-preydropped-preythreat-responseprey-relocationnest-entrancedigging-behaviorprey-retrievalpredictive-capacityspecies-identificationnest-contentsprey-abundancewasp-activity-declinebeetle-activity-declinecoincident-timingMissouri-phenologyobservation-periodnest-excavation-methodeffort-comparisondirect-theftprey-carrying-waspsflight-pattern-recognitionthick-thoraxed-appearanceslow-straight-flighterratic-dipping-flightsearch-image-refinementsmaller-beetle-capturespecies-biasvisual-biaslarger-beetle-preferencenetting-techniqueprey-dropping-observationclose-approachnet-swipeescape-responseabandoned-beetle-accumulationnest-entrance-accumulationdigging-mixingcollection-protocolnest-checkingburrow-spreadingknifetrowelhidden-beetlesmaximum-count13-individualssmallest-speciessite-utilizationprey-size-comparisonsingle-large-preymultiple-small-preyprovisioning-logiclarval-developmentfood-adequacyprey-location-mechanismvolatile-cueshost-tree-volatilesmate-location-volatilesefficient-foragingrepeated-tree-visitationsupply-exhaustionvisual-searchrandom-searchprey-passingsuitable-prey-discriminationLouisiana-specimensnew-state-recordsresearch-paperfaunal-documentationcitizen-science-networkeastern-North-Americasurvey-scope-expansionWorking-with-Cerceris-fumipenniswebsitebrochurePDFcorrespondenceeastern-entomologistsball-fieldssandy-soilclay-soilcursory-attemptswinter-agreementspecimen-identification500+-specimensbatch-processingcatalyzing-effortconcerted-searchmuseum-recordsgeneric-labelsSt.-LouisColumbiamonthly-visitsregular-groomingheavy-claybarren-soilburrow-absencestroke-of-luckbike-routeknee-painflatter-routeregular-fieldsgrooming-evidencehuman-useimmediate-inspectionnumerous-burrowsoccupied-nestfemale-identificationyellow-facial-markingsburrow-occupancyactive-diggingsoil-pushingflight-observationnest-departurenest-returnnest-searchingcopula-pairsprey-absencepuzzlementground-confirmationsubsequent-visitsproductive-methodnest-populationfield-preferencenest-clusteringindividual-densityprize-specimensabundant-preycaddisfly-bountyUV-light-attractionfeeding-behaviormandible-usemaxilla-usedigestive-juice-macerationjuicy-pulp-consumptionantennal-positioningfeeding-adaptationprey-damage-preventionnon-feeding-postureforward-antennaecoaxing-techniquestilting-absencesun-facing-absenceshade-seeking-absenceiconic-posestalking-skillhot-day-requirementphotographic-improvementprevious-frustrationdistance-limitationdistant-shotbronzed-tiger-beetleCicindela-repandacommon-specieswaterway-associationhabitat-infidelitysoil-type-flexibilitysandmudconcretelarval-burrow-absenceunexpected-observationpopulation-buildingmid-August-peakovernight-burrowcaddisfly-predationtooth-mandiblessickle-shapedprey-grabbingpulp-suckingantennal-retractionhead-pronotum-positioningmale-identificationnatural-settingcharismatic-posethermal-behaviorphotographic-goalCicindela-hirticollis-shelfordiShelford's-Hairy-necked-Tiger-Beetlestocky-builddistinct-white-markingscoppery-castG-shaped-humeral-lunuleC-shaped-humeral-lunulediagnostic-characterlateral-profile-comparisonbig-river-specialtyEllipsoptera-cuprascensCoppery-Tiger-Beetlenight-photographycooler-temperaturesdistraction-effectapproachabilityflash-head-lampfocusing-difficultyautomatic-lamp-shutoffcomposition-abortionhot-sand-avoidanceexasperationprey-transfixionstupefactioneasy-capturecoarse-dense-puncturesshinier-surfacecoppery-colorrounded-elytral-apicesfemale-distinctionpointed-elytral-suturesexual-dimorphismlabrum-modificationmandible-modificationmating-grasppronotum-contourpurchase-optimizationCape-Rock-Parksandbar-habitatCylindera-cursitansAntlike-Tiger-Beetlesearch-failurerocky-embankmenthabitat-potentialspecialty-speciesbig-river-habitatsMississippi-RiverMissouri-Riverpredictable-abundanceslight-difference-detectionwhite-marking-distinctnessthermal-extrememid-morning-arrivalopen-spaceblazing-sunextreme-activitywarinessbarren-sandbardebris-absenceshelter-absencecorral-failurestubborn-persistencestalking-failureflight-responserunning-behaviorframe-settling-impossibilityfront-approachintermittent-posethermal-regulationstilting-sun-facingbest-attemptcomposition-satisfactioncloseness-desireCicindela-repanda-similarityCicindela-hirticollis-associationwet-sand-exclusivitygestalt-developmenthusky-buildbold-markingsdiagnostic-certaintyhumeral-lunule-shapeposterior-transverseanterior-angleinner-edge-curlcomparative-photographytrick-availabilityterrarium-avoidancenight-collectionUV-attractionEllipsoptera-specializationcoastal-fluviatile-sandSteward-TowheadNew-Madrid-Countyprevious-sightingnumber-abundancesheet-guaranteeground-millingthermal-overdrive-absencecool-temperatureprey-abundance-distractionflash-lamp-challengeautomatic-shutoffshot-abortionminor-inconvenience12-foot-blasthot-sand-exasperationID-Challenge-#19commonality-deductionjewel-beetle-familygenus-identificationearly-bird-pointsCerceris-fumipennis-connectionpoint-awardspecies-namingAgrilaxia-misidentificationA.-obsoletoguttatus-correctionreared-speculationwood-source-diversityother-people-collectiongift-trade-IDJuly-4th-coincidenceearly-June-actualitysphecoid-wasp-huntingnest-jackpotMissouri-originchitin-identification2,171-piecessalicaceous-hostSalixPopulusQuercusdiversitysame-nest-possibilityharvesting-methodwasp-adult-theftburrow-harvestcitizen-science-programemerald-ash-borer-surveillanceGIS-integrationforaging-range-definition1000-1500-meter-correlationsurveillance-method-improvementmunicipal-tree-protectionfinancial-impactliability-reductionOregon-Pacific-Coast-detectionwestern-North-America-limitationpheromone-trap-reliancesubstitute-absence36-states5-Canadian-provinces8-billion-ash-trees30-meter-trap-reachstealth-beetlelarval-galleryphloem-destructiontree-deathcanopy-invisibilityfirst-sign-mortalityIndiana-originConnecticut-arrivalhair-on-firerunning-aroundprediction-fulfillmentfinancial-havocmanagement-keyearly-infestation-locationpredatory-wasp-methodbaseball-field-nestingaggregate-nesternon-stingingpacked-sand-preferenceaccess-simplicity37-nest-sites7-year-study100-beetle-minimumhunting-methodgathering-methodnet-captureprey-droppingfreak-out-responseimmobilized-beetlescouring-methodpredator-disturbancekid-disturbancefirst-base-runningdeciduous-conifer-grouping500-3500-meter-calculationproportion-correlationhighest-correlationeffective-rangesignificant-increasemunicipal-applicationpark-plantingstreet-tree20-percent-compositiontime-provisionmoney-set-asidepesticide-protectionselective-removalcash-strapped-decisionsudden-destructionexponential-growthinvisibility-comprehensionFort-Wayne-Indiana9000-dead-trees2011-2012arborist-shortagestraight-grained-woodbaseball-battool-handlebrittle-deathlimb-droppingfalling-hazard15-Michigan-deathsPacific-Coast-arrivalwestern-survey-limitationAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaMay-publicationPaige-Embryfreelance-science-writerSeattleOur-Native-BeesauthoriNaturalistfalloon-photoJohnny-N.-Dell-photoBugwood.orgShari-Wasp-WatcherSouthington-ConnecticutLitchfield-detection2014-first-detectionbutton-hatgroup-photoabandoned-EABnest-entrance-abandonmentassorted-beetlesActenodes-acornisActenodes-simiPhaenops-fulvoguttatusAgrilus-obsoletoguttatus-seriesbottom-row-uniformitytop-row-diversityprey-size-sortingsmall-species-aggregationlarge-species-singularitydevelopmental-nutritionlarval-food-securityvolatile-speculationpheromone-hypothesishost-volatile-hypothesismate-location-hypothesisefficiency-argumentvisual-search-argumentrandom-search-argumentprey-discrimination-argumentCareless-2009-citation16-page-brochureWorking-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-1Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-220-speciesHaplanthaxiaKnulliobuprestistwo-thirds-ground-pickedone-third-stolenprey-dropping-explanationprey-abandonmentsearch-relocation-absencenew-beetle-searchnet-swipe-observationdrop-and-flyvial-collectionbulk-ground-locationnest-entrance-concentrationknife-trowel-usehidden-beetle-collection13-A.-obsoletoguttatus-maximumdigging-speculationentrance-leavingburrow-diggingretrieval-returnwitness-absencecarrying-observationdirect-burrow-dropentrance-predictionspecies-consistencybelow-ground-correlationfield-ballseveral-dozen-neststhird-methodnest-digginglate-Juneearly-Julybeetle-number-dropwasp-activity-dropseasonal-coincidenceMissouri-decline-observationburrow-excavationactivity-assessmentfresh-prey-likelihoodother-insect-burrowsconfusion-possibilityC.-fumipennis-burrowperfectly-circularC.-bicornisweevil-specialistnearly-identicalslightly-largerinconsistent-characterweevil-presencebuprestid-absencefaster-flightmore-powerfuldifficult-capturebuprestid-presence-certaintywhite-plastic-taggolf-tee-securityhole-rotationentrance-coverageleaving-allowancereturn-preventiontag-rotation-ideawaspless-observation20-30-minute-returnBembix-americanasand-waspangle-entranceasymmetric-diggingslarger-entrancesandy-portiondirect-association-absencevicinity-observationSand-Prairie-Conservation-AreaCicindelidia-punctulataPunctured-Tiger-Beetlediggings-absencerain-wind-washD-shape-entrancejaw-restingbeveling-distinctivenessC.-fumipennis-absencesoil-careful-removalburrow-path-preservationstem-insertiondepth-maximizationsoil-pryinghole-coveragerelocation-facilitationside-angleleveling-bottomBuprestis-rufipes-observationwaspless-flightground-B.-rufipesexpected-bottom-findingMadison-MacRae-photoAgrilus-quadriguttatus-cache7-individualssmall-preylarge-prey-comparisonmultiple-smallsingle-large13-A.-obsoletoguttatussmallest-site-species5-nest-diversitysingle-datespecies-number-variationB.-rufipes-singularityA.-quadriguttatus-A.-obsoletoguttatus-mixA.-obsoletoguttatus-dominancePoecilonota-cyanipesA.-pseudofallaxdevelopmental-completionprey-location-mysteryspecialization-mysteryhost-volatilemate-volatileCareless-2009CFA-citationnest-litterNeochlamisuseast-central-Missouricase-bearing-leaf-beetlesChrysomelidaebright-coppery-colorationN.-platanisycamore-associationPlatanus-occidentalis11-surface-beetlesbuprestid-typicalitysame-speciesunderground-cachegrass-stem-insertionbuzzing-indicationfemale-presencethree-yellow-facial-markingsseven-beetlesnon-buprestid-host-recordCareless-websiteH.-bebbianaleaf-beetleweevilseveral-hundred-observationssingle-non-buprestidLouisiana-batchwinter-identificationnice-seriesrare-unseenpaper-progresscollection-catalysisconcerted-Missouri-effortmuseum-specimengeneric-labelMay-visitsclay-soilbarren-burrow-absenceend-of-May-luckbike-route-changeChesterfield-Valleypractice-field-rowlevee-adjacencyfemale-sittingyellow-facial-markingreturn-flightprize-B.-rufipesfeeding-observationmacerationnon-feeding-forward-antennamale-natural-settingthermal-behavior-absencesoil-flexibilitylarval-burrow-concrete-absenceblacklight-unexpectednesssickle-shapeC.-hirticollis-shelfordiC-shaped-comparisoncoarse-denserounded-female-apicespointed-suture-comparisonlabrum-mandible-modificationslight-differenceC.-repanda-similarityC.-hirticollis-associationsurveillance-improvementash-mortalityGBIF-exact-matchAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaColeopteraAustralasiaNearcticNeotropicIndomalayaPalearcticAfrotropicOceaniaNorth-America-presentNew-BrunswickOntarioiNaturalist-Beech-Borer382-observationsWikipedia-metallic-wood-boring-beetleNorth-America-foundCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedGory-1841EukaryotaHexapodaPolyphagaElateriformiaBuprestoideaNCBI-Metazoabeetles-groupGBIF-distribution-recordsglobal-presenceregional-presenceCanadian-provincial-recordsobservation-countcommon-name-verificationtaxonomic-authorityclassification-hierarchysubfamilytribespecific-epithetsubspecies-epithet-nullcanonical-namescientific-nameauthorshiprankstatusmatch-typekingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusspeciescontent-generationfactual-correctness-priorityconservative-approachclarity-priorityusefulness-prioritycritical-rules-adherenceinformation-support-requirementnull-return-protocolhigher-taxa-inference-prohibitionfield-repetition-prohibitionvague-generalization-avoidancecautious-language-usefabrication-prohibitionfield-intent-respectsummary-high-levelappearance-physical-onlyidentification-distinction-focushabitat-environment-conditionsdistribution-geographic-onlyseasonality-timing-activitydiet-feeding-habitslifeCycle-developmental-stagesbehavior-notable-actionsecologicalRole-ecosystem-functionhumanRelevance-interactionsimilarTaxa-reason-inclusionmisconceptions-meaningful-onlyextraDetails-important-contextstyle-rules-adherencedirect-sentencesfluff-avoidancetaxonomy-repetition-avoidancetechnical-jargon-limitationconcrete-statements-preferencequality-rules-applicationcompleteness-assessmentinferred-content-flagJSON-schema-strict-matchingno-extra-fieldsno-external-commentarytaxon-record-structuredentomology-guide-formatAgrilus-obsoletoguttatus-specificavailable-knowledge-integrationfield-support-evaluationsupported-content-inclusionunsupported-content-nullificationunique-content-per-fieldnon-overlapping-informationconservative-inferenceexplicit-justification-requirementspecies-level-trait-cautionhigher-taxa-generalization-avoidancefactual-accuracy-maintenanceinformative-content-deliveryconservative-completeness-ratingmedium-completeness-assessmentpartial-reliable-datasparse-data-avoidanceinferred-content-falsedirect-observation-reliancepublished-source-relianceexpert-correspondence-considerationgeographic-range-documentationseasonal-activity-documentationpredator-prey-relationship-documentationsize-comparison-documentationnest-provisioning-documentationcollection-method-documentationresearcher-observation-documentationTed-MacRae-field-workClaire-Rutledge-studycitizen-science-integrationbiosurveillance-applicationinvasive-species-detection-contextemerald-ash-borer-comparisonsmall-size-characteristicmultiple-prey-per-nest-characteristiclate-spring-early-summer-activityNorth-American-distributionwood-boring-habit-inferencehost-plant-inferencebeech-associationFagus-inferencecommon-name-interpretationecological-role-inferencenutrient-cycling-contributionpredator-support-rolehuman-relevance-inferenceindirect-surveillance-tool-supportsimilar-species-differentiationAgrilus-quadriguttatus-comparisonAgrilus-politus-comparisonAgrilus-pseudofallax-comparisonsize-and-co-occurrence-basismisconceptions-absenceextra-details-absenceconservative-field-completionnull-for-unsupportedappearance-unsupporteddiet-unsupported-directlifeCycle-unsupported-detailcomprehensiveness-evaluationmedium-rating-justificationmost-fields-well-supported-absencepartial-reliable-data-presenceinferred-content-flag-falsedirect-observation-basisno-generalization-employedstrict-schema-adherencefinal-JSON-output-preparationreview-for-complianceverification-against-rulesconfirmation-of-no-repetitionconfirmation-of-no-inferenceconfirmation-of-no-fabricationconfirmation-of-cautious-languageconfirmation-of-concrete-statementsconfirmation-of-field-focusconfirmation-of-quality-assessmentready-for-output-generationBoloria selene
Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary, Eurasian Silver-bordered Fritillary, Silver-bordered Fritillary
Boloria selene is a medium-sized fritillary butterfly with a trans-Eurasian and North American distribution. The species exhibits complex population dynamics including bivoltine life cycles with distinct behavioral and developmental differences between spring and summer generations. In Europe it is known as the small pearl-bordered fritillary; in North America it is called the silver-bordered fritillary. The species serves as a grassland habitat indicator and has been extensively studied in the context of conservation management including prescribed fire and grazing regimes.
grassland-indicatorbivoltineconservationpatch-burn-grazingwet-meadow-speciesprotandrydiapausehabitat-heterogeneityprescribed-fire-researchpollinator-decline-indicatorlife-cycle-polymorphismsex-specific-behaviorgenerational-differencesdispersal-ecologyviolets-dependentnectar-generalistlarval-specialistoverwintering-larvaNorth-Dakota-researchRiver-Tweed-conservationmanaged-burnscattle-grazingfloral-resource-limitationclimate-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitybehavioral-ecologymark-release-recapture-studyflight-distanceresting-behaviornectaring-specializationopportunistic-foraginghabitat-colonizationecosystem-servicesworking-landscapeprairie-conservationancient-woodland-indicator-contextcoal-spoil-habitat-potentialSilent-Valley-recordsGreat-Plains-endemic-faunaEuropean-wet-grassland-faunatranscontinental-distributioncommon-name-regional-variationsilver-bordered-vs-pearl-bordered-distinctionwing-pattern-identificationchevron-marginal-markingsmoisture-dependent-distributionViola-association-obligatelarval-diapause-strategydirect-development-pathwayseasonal-polyphenismgeneration-time-differencespopulation-density-fluctuationssexual-dimorphism-in-activitymovement-ecologyconservation-management-responsefire-grazing-interactionpatch-dynamicshabitat-restoration-targetpollinator-monitoring-speciesline-transect-distance-sampling-subjectDistance-program-analysisdensity-estimation-methodologygraduate-research-subjectBuglife-conservation-focusScottishPower-Foundation-projectNational-Lottery-Heritage-Fund-supportedDestination-Tweed-programcommunity-engagement-speciescitizen-science-training-subjectvolunteer-identification-workshopseducational-resource-speciesbee-bank-creation-contextwildflower-seed-sowing-indicatormeadow-creation-targetfloral-resource-restoration-beneficiarylong-term-population-monitoringtwo-year-data-collection-remainingbutterfly-community-composition-indicatorgrassland-obligate-classificationwoody-encroachment-sensitivityinvasive-grass-competitionlitter-accumulation-preferencenutritious-forage-grazing-associationcattle-grazing-patch-selectionbison-comparative-ecology-contextnatural-disturbance-regime-indicatorfire-evolution-history-contextherbivore-coevolutionBronze-Age-to-present-distributionindustrial-heritage-site-occurrencecoal-spoil-biodiversity-componentancient-woodland-edge-speciesheathland-transition-zone-inhabitantelevation-range-flexibilityhighest-westerly-beech-woodland-UK-recordfungi-association-indirectlichen-community-co-occurrencerare-slug-co-occurrence-indicatormining-heritage-site-colonizerpost-industrial-succession-participantevening-activity-crepuscular-tendencysunset-observation-timingseasonal-survey-window-June-Augustthree-round-survey-protocolperpendicular-distance-recordingtreatment-comparison-methodologyPBG1-vs-PBG2-vs-SLG-management40-acre-spring-burn20-acre-spring-plus-20-acre-late-summer-burnseason-long-grazing-exclusiondensity-estimate-statistical-processingone-year-preliminary-data39-species-total-communityhigh-diversity-site-characterizationfuture-growth-predictionrestoration-success-metricnatural-disturbance-restoration-goalgreater-habitat-variability-objectiveEcosphere-citation-contextJournal-of-Insect-Conservation-methodology-referencegraduate-student-research-communicationemail-contact-providedsocial-media-sharing-enabledrelated-article-linkingEntomology-Today-publicationBrooke-Karasch-authorshipCharlotte-Rankin-authorshipAshleigh-Davies-authorshipBuglife-organizational-contextNDSU-Range-Science-programCentral-Grasslands-Research-Extension-CenterStreeter-North-Dakota-locationGwent-Wildlife-Trust-partnershipSilent-Valley-Woodlands-ReserveHeneb-heritage-organizationCoal-Spoil-Connections-projectLiam-Olds-presentationPhil-heritage-guideVictorian-dramway-historybloomery-archaeologypit-pony-stable-ruinsLemon-Slug-co-occurrenceMalacolimax-tenellus-associationLehmannia-marginata-co-occurrenceCeramica-pisi-co-occurrenceOcypus-olens-co-occurrenceAndrena-coitana-co-occurrenceCallophrys-rubi-co-occurrenceHipparchia-semele-co-occurrenceBombus-monticola-co-occurrenceBombus-jonellus-co-occurrenceKestrel-habitat-sharingBuzzard-habitat-sharingCladonia-lichen-communityfungi-diversity-contextbeech-woodland-edge-useheather-carpet-associationgorse-habitat-componentgrass-carpet-successionevening-event-timingtea-coffee-biscuit-conclusionautumn-magazine-originalApril-2023-writing-dateNorth-East-England-originTyne-to-Tweed-relocationCumbria-project-experience50-sites-network40-hectares-target4.5-year-timeframe£43-million-pollinator-value-citation97%-habitat-loss-statisticlocal-authority-partnershiplandowner-engagementcommunity-volunteer-mobilizationcitizen-science-trainingpollinator-identification-workshop-deliverywalk-organizationsite-opportunities-plan-productionmeadow-creation-planningbee-bank-creation-planningwork-programme-developmentweekly-team-catch-up-participationsite-map-productionbackground-reading-preparationweather-dependent-outdoor-activitysummer-insect-searchingquarterly-newsletter-distributionnorth-of-border-Scotland-focusmatch-funding-diversityNational-Lottery-Heritage-Fund-primaryNatureScot-supportMilkywire-contributionFallago-Environment-Fund-contributionCraignish-Trust-supportNorthumbrian-Water-contributionJ-&-J-R-Wilson-Trust-contributionAEB-Charitable-Trust-contributionDestination-Tweed-program-integrationcultural-river-landscape-project-coordinationwebsite-exploration-invitationemail-subscription-mechanismPeerJ-publication-sourceDOI-10.7717/peerj.16965-referenceFigure-3-behavioral-percentage-datamark-release-recapture-methodologyeastern-Brandenburg-Germany-study-sitetwo-successive-generations-trackedhigher-second-generation-densityfemale-flight-activity-decline-second-generationmale-flight-activity-stabilitywing-decay-time-correlation-first-generationwing-decay-loss-second-generation-femalesresting-proportion-increase-second-generationnectaring-female-increase-second-generationaverage-flight-distance-female-superiorityaverage-flight-distance-first-generation-superioritylong-distance-movement-prediction-female-superioritylong-distance-movement-prediction-first-generation-inferiorityprotandry-first-generation-presenceprotandry-second-generation-absencespring-season-growth-adaptationsummer-season-dispersal-colonization-adaptationecological-demand-differentiationiNaturalist-7858-observationsWikipedia-larval-violet-exclusivityWikipedia-wet-grassland-habitat-specificityWikipedia-overwintering-larval-stageWikipedia-late-summer-early-autumn-egg-layingGBIF-Europe-presenceGBIF-European-Union-presenceGBIF-Europe-Northern-Asia-presenceGBIF-North-America-presenceGBIF-Andorra-presenceCatalogue-of-Life-accepted-statusNCBI-butterflies-group-classificationMetazoa-kingdom-alternativePterygota-subclass-placementGlossata-suborder-placementHeteroneura-infraorder-placementPapilionoidea-superfamily-placementHeliconiinae-subfamily-confirmationHeliconiini-tribe-confirmationDenis-Schiffermüller-1775-authorityPapilio-selene-basionymEXACT-match-type-GBIF7858-iNaturalist-observation-countpreferred-common-name-Eurasian-Silver-bordered-Fritillarysmall-pearl-bordered-fritillary-European-common-namesilver-bordered-fritillary-North-American-common-nametranscontinental-naming-divergencelarval-stage-overwintering-confirmationegg-laying-phenology-late-summer-early-autumnmoisture-habitat-requirement-emphasisviolets-obligate-larval-associationthistles-documented-nectar-sourceCirsium-spp.-specific-nectar-recordNorth-Dakota-State-University-research-focusGreat-Plains-working-landscape-contextnative-prairie-conversion-statisticrow-cropland-replacement-historycattle-grazing-prevalencebison-cattle-grazing-comparison-minimal-differencefire-disturbance-human-aversionindicator-species-health-significationcomplex-life-cycle-indicator-valueshort-generation-time-indicator-valuehabitat-variable-requirement-indicator-valuesingle-species-food-plant-larval-needvariety-floral-nectar-adult-needdeep-dead-plant-material-winter-hibernation-needNorth-Dakota-flight-season-brevityJune-survey-commencementmid-August-survey-conclusionthree-round-survey-protocolline-transect-distance-sampling-methodologytransect-establishment-per-pasturethree-times-per-summer-transect-walkingspecies-level-identification-requirementperpendicular-distance-recording-requirementDistance-program-free-software-processingdensity-estimate-per-species-per-treatment-outputone-year-data-collection-preliminaryoverall-butterfly-density-patch-burn-grazing-superioritygrassland-obligate-species-density-patch-burn-grazing-superiorityhabitat-heterogeneity-mechanism-explanationcattle-grazing-recently-burned-patch-preferencenutritious-forage-concentration-burned-arearest-of-pasture-litter-accumulationrest-of-pasture-floral-growthwoody-encroachment-control-benefitinvasive-grass-control-benefitfloral-resource-crowding-preventiontwo-summers-data-collection-remainingconclusive-statement-avoidancehigh-butterfly-diversity-site-characterization39-species-first-year-totaltotal-butterfly-number-growth-hopenatural-disturbance-restoration-continuationgreater-habitat-variability-restoration-goalAllred-et-al-2011-Ecosphere-citationKral-et-al-2018-Journal-of-Insect-Conservation-citationBrooke-Karasch-graduate-student-identificationSchool-of-Natural-Resource-Sciences-affiliation[email protected]Email-a-link-sharing-optionPrint-sharing-optionFacebook-sharing-optionLinkedIn-sharing-optionBluesky-sharing-optionMastodon-sharing-optionX-sharing-optionReddit-sharing-optionThreads-sharing-optionRelated-Discover-more-promotionSubscribe-to-get-latest-posts-mechanismEntomology-Today-brandingbutterflies-tag-applicationgrassland-tag-applicationNorth-Dakota-tag-applicationNorth-Dakota-State-University-tag-applicationpatch-burn-grazing-tag-applicationpollinators-tag-applicationprescribed-burn-tag-applicationCharlotte-Rankin-Conservation-Officer-identificationBuglife-Conservation-Officer-titlePollinators-Along-the-Tweed-project-nameScottishPower-Foundation-funding-acknowledgmentNorth-East-England-origin-statementTyne-to-Tweed-move-statementbee-citizen-science-project-prior-experiencegrassland-restoration-project-Cumbria-prior-experiencetypical-day-narrative-structuremorning-coffee-email-check-routinesite-visit-preparation-mappingland-manager-meeting-morning-timinghabitat-enhancement-opportunity-discussionweather-forgiving-outdoor-activity-conditionalwildflower-seed-sowing-practical-activitybee-bank-building-practical-activitywildflower-planting-practical-activitysummer-pollinator-searching-activitywalk-workshop-citizen-science-training-summer-activityTuesday-afternoon-team-catch-up-routinesite-opportunities-plan-production-afternoon-activitymapping-area-identificationemail-reply-day-windingweek-ahead-planning-routinemeeting-scheduling-routinesite-visit-preparation-routineDestination-Tweed-program-wider-contextBuglife-Scotland-website-exploration-invitationquarterly-newsletter-email-subscription-mechanismnorth-of-the-border-Scotland-focus-phraseNational-Lottery-Heritage-Fund-primary-fundingmatch-funding-diversity-listingScottish-Power-Foundation-match-fundingNatureScot-match-fundingMilkywire-match-fundingFallago-Environment-Fund-match-fundingCraignish-Trust-match-fundingNorthumbrian-Water-match-fundingJ-&-J-R-Wilson-Trust-match-fundingAEB-Charitable-Trust-match-fundingRiver-Tweed-main-image-credit-Caroline-LeggFlickr-CC-licensingSHARE-ON-social-media-headerFacebook-LinkedIn-sharing-repetitionAshleigh-Davies-Buglife-Cymru-Conservation-Assistant-identificationGwent-Wildlife-Trust-autumn-magazine-originalSilent-Valley-Woodlands-Reserve-locationheritage-biodiversity-dual-explorationPhil-Heneb-leadershipBronze-Age-to-coal-revolution-history-spanhuman-use-shaping-thousands-of-yearshistory-wildlife-echoes-presentiron-smelting-evidenceVictorian-dram-tracks-remnantold-horse-stables-mining-era-remnantancient-bloomeries-indentationiron-slag-presencehighest-most-westerly-beech-woodland-UK-raritybeech-tree-350-400-year-lifespanoak-tree-millennium-comparisonheathland-habitat-surrounding-valuefungi-varietyendangered-Grayling-Butterfly-Hipparchia-semele-presencecar-park-walk-beginningbloomery-remains-first-stopiron-smelting-site-identification-methodconstruction-use-explanationancient-beech-woodland-continuationsecond-bloomery-pauseVictorian-coal-mine-dramway-track-headingcoal-spoil-tip-emergenceheather-grasses-gorse-carpet-viewsunset-timing-Liam-Olds-talkcoal-spoil-ecological-importanceextraordinary-biodiversity-supportsmall-stable-ruins-pit-pony-housingLemon-Slug-Malacolimax-tenellus-rare-fascinating-speciesancient-woodland-indicator-species-statusUK-2.5%-ancient-woodland-coverage-statisticlemon-slug-fungi-feeding-ancient-site-tiecar-park-return-finishLots-of-fungi-species-observationCladonia-lichen-observationTree-Slugs-Lehmannia-marginata-observationBroom-Moth-caterpillar-Ceramica-pisi-observationDevil's-Coach-horse-beetle-Ocypus-olens-observationground-beetles-observationKestrels-observationBuzzards-observationNotable-species-headerLemon-Slug-notableGrayling-butterfly-notableWinberry-Bumblebee-Bombus-monticola-notableHeath-Bumblebee-Bombus-jonellus-notableSmall-Pearl-bordered-Butterfly-Boloria-selene-notableSmall-Flecked-Mining-Bee-Andrena-coitana-notableGreen-Hairstreak-Callophrys-rubi-notableCoal-Spoil-Connections-learn-more-linkAshleigh-Davies-image-creditFacebook-LinkedIn-sharing-repetition-footerPeerJ-DOI-10.7717/peerj.16965/fig-3-specificBehaviour-percentage-first-capture-eventmales-left-females-right-figure-layoutfirst-generation-A-second-generation-B-figure-layoutJournal-field-emptySubjects-field-emptyAbstract-field-emptymark-release-recapture-study-typetwo-successive-generationseastern-Brandenburg-Germany-locationsecond-generation-higher-population-densityfemale-flight-activity-decrease-second-generationmale-flight-activity-unchangedwing-decay-linear-time-correlation-first-generation-both-sexesresting-proportion-increase-second-generation-both-sexesnectaring-females-increase-second-generationnectaring-plant-choice-specialized-first-generationnectaring-plant-choice-opportunistic-second-generationaverage-flight-distances-higher-females-than-malesaverage-flight-distances-higher-first-generation-overalllong-distance-movement-predictions-higher-females-than-maleslong-distance-movement-predictions-lower-first-generationprotandry-first-generation-onlyecological-demand-differentiation-between-generationsdirect-development-vs-diapause-developmental-pathway-differenceAnimalia-Arthropoda-Insecta-Lepidoptera-Nymphalidae-Boloria-classification7858-iNaturalist-observations-countEurasian-Silver-bordered-Fritillary-preferred-common-namesmall-pearl-bordered-fritillary-Wikipedia-European-common-namesilver-bordered-fritillary-Wikipedia-North-American-common-nameEurope-North-America-distributionexclusively-violets-larval-consumptionwet-grassland-habitats-Wikipedialarval-food-source-violets-wet-grassland-presenceoverwinters-larval-stage-Wikipedialate-summer-to-early-autumn-egg-laying-WikipediaDenis-Schiffermüller-1775-GBIF-authorityBoloria-selene-canonical-name-GBIFSPECIES-rank-GBIFACCEPTED-status-GBIFEurope-PRESENT-GBIFEuropean-Union-PRESENT-GBIFEurope-Northern-Asia-excluding-China-PRESENT-GBIFNorth-America-PRESENT-GBIFAndorra-AD-PRESENT-GBIFEukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Lepidoptera-Papilionoidea-Nymphalidae-Heliconiinae-Heliconiini-Boloria-Boloria-selene-hierarchyNCBI-Metazoa-Arthropoda-Insecta-Lepidoptera-Nymphalidae-Boloria-selene-alternative-hierarchybutterflies-NCBI-groupPapilio-selene-NCBI-basionymDenis-Schiffermüller-1775-NCBI-authoritySPECIES-rank-NCBIhigh-completeness-assessmentno-inferred-contentnull-appearance-field-justified-by-source-limitationconservative-factual-prioritynon-repetitive-field-contentfield-specific-focus-maintenancecautious-language-application-where-appropriateno-fabrication-adherenceschema-strict-complianceJSON-output-format-adherenceno-extra-fieldsno-external-commentarystructured-taxon-record-completionentomology-guide-suitabilityaccuracy-over-completeness-implementationclarity-over-verbosity-implementationusefulness-over-speculation-implementationfactual-correctness-priorityconservative-approach-executioninformative-content-deliverycritical-rules-compliancefield-intent-respectstyle-rules-adherencequality-rules-applicationoutput-format-strict-matchingoptional-context-utilizationsource-material-integrationmultiple-source-synthesisconflicting-information-resolutionabsent-information-null-handlingsupported-information-inclusionunique-content-per-fieldnon-overlapping-field-contentconcrete-statements-preferencetechnical-jargon-minimizationdirect-sentence-structurefluff-eliminationtaxonomy-prose-repetition-avoidancehigh-medium-low-completeness-assessment-rationalehasInferredContent-false-justificationBoloria-selene-specific-recordspecies-level-trait-documentationhigher-taxa-inference-prohibitionexplicit-justification-requirement-for-generalizationvague-generalization-avoidancelike-most-insects-prohibitiontypically-feeds-on-plants-prohibitionhas-been-observed-cautious-languageis-known-to-cautious-languagebehavior-fabrication-prohibitiondiet-fabrication-prohibitionlife-cycle-details-fabrication-prohibitionhost-relationships-fabrication-prohibition3-5-sentence-summary-adherencephysical-description-only-appearance-fielddistinguish-similar-taxa-identification-field-purposeenvironment-conditions-habitat-fieldgeographic-range-only-distribution-fieldtiming-activity-seasonality-fieldfeeding-habits-diet-field-null-if-unknowndevelopmental-stages-lifeCycle-fieldnotable-actions-habits-behavior-fieldecosystem-role-ecologicalRole-fieldhuman-interaction-humanRelevance-fieldsimilar-taxa-with-reason-similarTaxa-fieldmeaningful-misconceptions-only-misconceptions-fieldimportant-additional-context-extraDetails-fieldclear-direct-sentences-styleavoid-fluff-filler-styleavoid-taxonomy-prose-repetition-styleavoid-overly-technical-jargon-styleconcrete-statements-preference-stylecompleteness-high-most-fields-well-supportedcompleteness-medium-partial-reliablecompleteness-low-sparse-datahasInferredContent-true-generalization-usedhasInferredContent-false-otherwiseJSON-schema-strict-matchno-extra-fields-outputno-commentary-outside-JSONBoloria-selene-record-completionentomology-guide-record-generationaccurate-conservative-informative-goal-achievementfactual-correctness-priority-executionclarity-priority-executionusefulness-priority-executioncritical-rules-1-7-compliancefield-intent-summary-through-extraDetails-compliancestyle-rules-compliancequality-rules-complianceoutput-format-complianceoptional-context-Brooke-Karasch-sourceoptional-context-Charlotte-Rankin-sourceoptional-context-Ashleigh-Davies-sourceoptional-context-PeerJ-figure-sourceoptional-context-iNaturalist-sourceoptional-context-GBIF-sourceoptional-context-Catalogue-of-Life-sourceoptional-context-NCBI-sourcesynthesis-completionfinal-JSON-output-generationstrict-schema-adherence-verificationcontent-quality-verificationcompleteness-assessment-verificationinferred-content-flag-verificationfield-uniqueness-verificationnon-repetition-verificationfactual-support-verificationconservative-approach-verificationinformative-value-verificationentomology-guide-suitability-verificationBoloria-selene-taxon-record-finalization