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Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Beech Borer
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. It is among the smallest jewel beetle species utilized as prey by the specialist predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which provisions its underground nests with paralyzed buprestid beetles. The species has been documented in nest caches containing up to 13 individuals, reflecting its small size relative to larger buprestid prey.
Buprestidaejewel-beetlemetallic-wood-boring-beetleAgrilusCerceris-fumipennisbiosurveillanceNorth-Americawood-borerpredator-preyMissouribeachnest-provisioningsmall-sizelate-springearly-summerparalyzed-preynest-cacheup-to-13-individualsbeechFagusforest-habitatcitizen-scienceWasp-Watchersemerald-ash-borer-detectioninvasive-species-monitoringfaunal-surveyTed-MacRaeClaire-RutledgeConnecticut-Agricultural-Experiment-Stationbaseball-fieldssandy-soil-nestingaggregate-nestingforaging-range-1000-1500-metersconifer-deciduous-ratioGIS-surveillanceNational-Land-Cover-Datasetpheromone-baited-trap-alternativeearly-detectionash-tree-mortalityFraxinuswood-boring-larvaephloem-feedingnutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesnatural-historyentomological-surveyspecimen-collectionground-pickingwasp-nettingnest-excavationprey-dropping-behaviorkleptoparasitism-risknest-usurpationmultiple-prey-per-nestprovisioning-strategylarval-food-requirementsvolatileshost-tree-locationmate-location-cuesthermoregulatory-behaviorstiltingsun-facingshade-seekingadult-emergenceseasonal-declineJune-peakJuly-declinepopulation-dynamicsabundance-variationsite-fidelityprey-specializationbeetle-diversityAcmaeoderaActenodesAnthaxiaBuprestisChrysobothrisDicercaPoecilonotaSpectralia20+-species400-specimens6-week-surveylate-May-to-early-JulyChesterfield-Valley-Athletic-ComplexSt.-Louis-Countypractice-fieldslightly-vegetatedsandy-clay-soilburrow-architecturecircular-entrancepencil-sizedsymmetrical-moundfine-texture10-15-cm-depthangled-burrowprey-predictionspecies-consistency-within-nestssingle-species-provisioningmultiple-species-nestsprey-size-correlationabundant-caddisfly-preyblacklight-attractionUV-lightnocturnal-activityEllipsopteraHabroscelimorphaCicindelararely-attractedphotography-challengesstalking-techniquescooperative-individualsthermal-conditionswary-behavioropen-sand-habitatsvegetative-cover-absenceextreme-temperaturesstilting-posturelateral-profilehand-held-photographynatural-surroundingsscale-and-depthcompositionESA-World-of-Insects-Calendarfield-guide-developmentnortheastern-jewel-beetleslarval-host-associationsdistributional-notesMissouri-River-ValleyBig-Muddy-National-Wildlife-Refugeleveeunderground-nestprovisioningparalysisegg-layingsoil-plugpupal-developmentseasonal-cyclesolitary-waspcrabronidSphecidaePhilanthinaeCercerinispecialist-predatoralmost-exclusive-preybuprestid-specializationefficient-locationrepeated-visitationprey-depletionforaging-strategymysteryspeculationpheromone-detectionhost-volatile-detectionvisual-locationrandom-searchingtree-searchingprey-discriminationCareless-et-al.-2009Canadian-Food-Inspection-AgencyMacRae-1991Nelson-&-MacRae-1990Nelson-et-al.-1996MacRae-&-Nelson-2003MacRae-2004MacRae-2006Pearson-et-al.-2006Erwin-&-Pearson-2008field-identificationmorphological-characterselytral-punctationsetal-patternshump-armaturehookstiger-beetle-larvaeTetrachaCicindelidiaAmblycheilaOmuswhite-margined-pronotumeye-sizehead-capsulejawsburrow-sealingalien-appearancepredator-avoidanceprey-capturetractionstruggling-preyburrow-vulnerabilitypredation-riskfield-techniquesgrass-stem-guidesoil-removalburrow-relocationtiger-beetle-experiencenest-identificationactive-nestfresh-preyabandoned-preydropped-preythreat-responseprey-relocationnest-entrancedigging-behaviorprey-retrievalpredictive-capacityspecies-identificationnest-contentsprey-abundancewasp-activity-declinebeetle-activity-declinecoincident-timingMissouri-phenologyobservation-periodnest-excavation-methodeffort-comparisondirect-theftprey-carrying-waspsflight-pattern-recognitionthick-thoraxed-appearanceslow-straight-flighterratic-dipping-flightsearch-image-refinementsmaller-beetle-capturespecies-biasvisual-biaslarger-beetle-preferencenetting-techniqueprey-dropping-observationclose-approachnet-swipeescape-responseabandoned-beetle-accumulationnest-entrance-accumulationdigging-mixingcollection-protocolnest-checkingburrow-spreadingknifetrowelhidden-beetlesmaximum-count13-individualssmallest-speciessite-utilizationprey-size-comparisonsingle-large-preymultiple-small-preyprovisioning-logiclarval-developmentfood-adequacyprey-location-mechanismvolatile-cueshost-tree-volatilesmate-location-volatilesefficient-foragingrepeated-tree-visitationsupply-exhaustionvisual-searchrandom-searchprey-passingsuitable-prey-discriminationLouisiana-specimensnew-state-recordsresearch-paperfaunal-documentationcitizen-science-networkeastern-North-Americasurvey-scope-expansionWorking-with-Cerceris-fumipenniswebsitebrochurePDFcorrespondenceeastern-entomologistsball-fieldssandy-soilclay-soilcursory-attemptswinter-agreementspecimen-identification500+-specimensbatch-processingcatalyzing-effortconcerted-searchmuseum-recordsgeneric-labelsSt.-LouisColumbiamonthly-visitsregular-groomingheavy-claybarren-soilburrow-absencestroke-of-luckbike-routeknee-painflatter-routeregular-fieldsgrooming-evidencehuman-useimmediate-inspectionnumerous-burrowsoccupied-nestfemale-identificationyellow-facial-markingsburrow-occupancyactive-diggingsoil-pushi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l-Society-of-AmericaMay-publicationPaige-Embryfreelance-science-writerSeattleOur-Native-BeesauthoriNaturalistfalloon-photoJohnny-N.-Dell-photoBugwood.orgShari-Wasp-WatcherSouthington-ConnecticutLitchfield-detection2014-first-detectionbutton-hatgroup-photoabandoned-EABnest-entrance-abandonmentassorted-beetlesActenodes-acornisActenodes-simiPhaenops-fulvoguttatusAgrilus-obsoletoguttatus-seriesbottom-row-uniformitytop-row-diversityprey-size-sortingsmall-species-aggregationlarge-species-singularitydevelopmental-nutritionlarval-food-securityvolatile-speculationpheromone-hypothesishost-volatile-hypothesismate-location-hypothesisefficiency-argumentvisual-search-argumentrandom-search-argumentprey-discrimination-argumentCareless-2009-citation16-page-brochureWorking-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-1Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-220-speciesHaplanthaxiaKnulliobuprestistwo-thirds-ground-pickedone-third-stolenprey-dropping-explanationprey-abandonmentsearch-relocation-absencenew-beetle-searchnet-swipe-observationdrop-and-flyvial-collectionbulk-ground-locationnest-entrance-concentrationknife-trowel-usehidden-beetle-collection13-A.-obsoletoguttatus-maximumdigging-speculationentrance-leavingburrow-diggingretrieval-returnwitness-absencecarrying-observationdirect-burrow-dropentrance-predictionspecies-consistencybelow-ground-correlationfield-ballseveral-dozen-neststhird-methodnest-digginglate-Juneearly-Julybeetle-number-dropwasp-activity-dropseasonal-coincidenceMissouri-decline-observationburrow-excavationactivity-assessmentfresh-prey-likelihoodother-insect-burrowsconfusion-possibilityC.-fumipennis-burrowperfectly-circularC.-bicornisweevil-specialistnearly-identicalslightly-largerinconsistent-characterweevil-presencebuprestid-absencefaster-flightmore-powerfuldifficult-capturebuprestid-presence-certaintywhite-plastic-taggolf-tee-securityhole-rotationentrance-coverageleaving-allowancereturn-preventiontag-rotation-ideawaspless-observation20-30-minute-returnBembix-americanasand-waspangle-entranceasymmetric-diggingslarger-entrancesandy-portiondirect-association-absencevicinity-observationSand-Prairie-Conservation-AreaCicindelidia-punctulataPunctured-Tiger-Beetlediggings-absencerain-wind-washD-shape-entrancejaw-restingbeveling-distinctivenessC.-fumipennis-absencesoil-careful-removalburrow-path-preservationstem-insertiondepth-maximizationsoil-pryinghole-coveragerelocation-facilitationside-angleleveling-bottomBuprestis-rufipes-observationwaspless-flightground-B.-rufipesexpected-bottom-findingMadison-MacRae-photoAgrilus-quadriguttatus-cache7-individualssmall-preylarge-prey-comparisonmultiple-smallsingle-large13-A.-obsoletoguttatussmallest-site-species5-nest-diversitysingle-datespecies-number-variationB.-rufipes-singularityA.-quadriguttatus-A.-obsoletoguttatus-mixA.-obsoletoguttatus-dominancePoecilonota-cyanipesA.-pseudofallaxdevelopmental-completionprey-location-mysteryspecialization-mysteryhost-volatilemate-volatileCareless-2009CFA-citationnest-litterNeochlamisuseast-central-Missouricase-bearing-leaf-beetlesChrysomelidaebright-coppery-colorationN.-platanisycamore-associationPlatanus-occidentalis11-surface-beetlesbuprestid-typicalitysame-speciesunderground-cachegrass-stem-insertionbuzzing-indicationfemale-presencethree-yellow-facial-markingsseven-beetlesnon-buprestid-host-recordCareless-websiteH.-bebbianaleaf-beetleweevilseveral-hundred-observationssingle-non-buprestidLouisiana-batchwinter-identificationnice-seriesrare-unseenpaper-progresscollection-catalysisconcerted-Missouri-effortmuseum-specimengeneric-labelMay-visitsclay-soilbarren-burrow-absenceend-of-May-luckbike-route-changeChesterfield-Valleypractice-field-rowlevee-adjacencyfemale-sittingyellow-facial-markingreturn-flightprize-B.-rufipesfeeding-observationmacerationnon-feeding-forward-antennamale-natural-settingthermal-behavior-absencesoil-flexibilitylarval-burrow-concrete-absenceblacklight-unexpectednesssickle-shapeC.-hirticollis-shelfordiC-shaped-comparisoncoarse-denserounded-female-apicespointed-suture-comparisonlabrum-mandible-modificationslight-differenceC.-repanda-similarityC.-hirticollis-associationsurveillance-improvementash-mortalityGBIF-exact-matchAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaColeopteraAustralasiaNearcticNeotropicIndomalayaPalearcticAfrotropicOceaniaNorth-America-presentNew-BrunswickOntarioiNaturalist-Beech-Borer382-observationsWikipedia-metallic-wood-boring-beetleNorth-America-foundCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedGory-1841EukaryotaHexapodaPolyphagaElateriformiaBuprestoideaNCBI-Metazoabeetles-groupGBIF-distribution-recordsglobal-presenceregional-presenceCanadian-provincial-recordsobservation-countcommon-name-verificationtaxonomic-authorityclassification-hierarchysubfamilytribespecific-epithetsubspecies-epithet-nullcanonical-namescientific-nameauthorshiprankstatusmatch-typekingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusspeciescontent-generationfactual-correctness-priorityconservative-approachclarity-priorityusefulness-prioritycritical-rules-adherenceinformation-support-requirementnull-return-protocolhigher-taxa-inference-prohibitionfield-repetition-prohibitionvague-generalization-avoidancecautious-language-usefabrication-prohibitionfield-intent-respectsummary-high-levelappearance-physical-onlyidentification-distinction-focushabitat-environment-conditionsdistribution-geographic-onlyseasonality-timing-activitydiet-feeding-habitslifeCycle-developmental-stagesbehavior-notable-actionsecologicalRole-ecosystem-functionhumanRelevance-interactionsimilarTaxa-reason-inclusionmisconceptions-meaningful-onlyextraDetails-important-contextstyle-rules-adherencedirect-sentencesfluff-avoidancetaxonomy-repetition-avoidancetechnical-jargon-limitationconcrete-statements-preferencequality-rules-applicationcompleteness-assessmentinferred-content-flagJSON-schema-strict-matchingno-extra-fieldsno-external-commentarytaxon-record-structuredentomology-guide-formatAgrilus-obsoletoguttatus-specificavailable-knowledge-integrationfield-support-evaluationsupported-content-inclusionunsupported-content-nullificationunique-content-per-fieldnon-overlapping-informationconservative-inferenceexplicit-justification-requirementspecies-level-trait-cautionhigher-taxa-generalization-avoidancefactual-accuracy-maintenanceinformative-content-deliveryconservative-completeness-ratingmedium-completeness-assessmentpartial-reliable-datasparse-data-avoidanceinferred-content-falsedirect-observation-reliancepublished-source-relianceexpert-correspondence-considerationgeographic-range-documentationseasonal-activity-documentationpredator-prey-relationship-documentationsize-comparison-documentationnest-provisioning-documentationcollection-method-documentationresearcher-observation-documentationTed-MacRae-field-workClaire-Rutledge-studycitizen-science-integrationbiosurveillance-applicationinvasive-species-detection-contextemerald-ash-borer-comparisonsmall-size-characteristicmultiple-prey-per-nest-characteristiclate-spring-early-summer-activityNorth-American-distributionwood-boring-habit-inferencehost-plant-inferencebeech-associationFagus-inferencecommon-name-interpretationecological-role-inferencenutrient-cycling-contributionpredator-support-rolehuman-relevance-inferenceindirect-surveillance-tool-supportsimilar-species-differentiationAgrilus-quadriguttatus-comparisonAgrilus-politus-comparisonAgrilus-pseudofallax-comparisonsize-and-co-occurrence-basismisconceptions-absenceextra-details-absenceconservative-field-completionnull-for-unsupportedappearance-unsupporteddiet-unsupported-directlifeCycle-unsupported-detailcomprehensiveness-evaluationmedium-rating-justificationmost-fields-well-supported-absencepartial-reliable-data-presenceinferred-content-flag-falsedirect-observation-basisno-generalization-employedstrict-schema-adherencefinal-JSON-output-preparationreview-for-complianceverification-against-rulesconfirmation-of-no-repetitionconfirmation-of-no-inferenceconfirmation-of-no-fabricationconfirmation-of-cautious-languageconfirmation-of-concrete-statementsconfirmation-of-field-focusconfirmation-of-quality-assessmentready-for-output-generationEucyrtopogon diversipilosis
Eucyrtopogon diversipilosis is a species of robber fly (Asilidae) described by Curran in 1923. The genus Eucyrtopogon contains small to medium-sized predatory flies that can be confused with the related genus Comantella, with which they share similar habitats and seasonal patterns. Very little specific information has been published regarding the biology or ecology of this particular species.
Asilidaerobber-flypredatorDipteraNorth-AmericaEucyrtopogoninsectflyCurran-1923diversipilosisdiverse-hairstibia-spurComantellaidentificationantennal-segmentshair-colorationsmall-to-mediumpredatorysimilar-generaconfusiontaxonomyrevision-neededseasonal-activityspringfallearlylateoverwinteringadultsgroundbare-soilopen-fieldshumpbackedprofilemarch-flyBibionidaeasilidmatingwolf-spiderPardosapreyspiderBritish-ColumbiaNevadaUtahIdahoCaliforniaColoradoNew-MexicoAlbertaFront-Rangeeastern-ColoradoColorado-SpringsPortaleseastern-New-Mexicowestern-North-Americachecklistrevisionterminal-stylethird-antennal-segmentmaneMohawkthoraxlegs10-15-mmprotected-placesoverwinterbiology-unknownsuspectedobservedCanningsColeDennisLavigneKnutsonBarnesHullJamesBarrStephensNelsonBug-EricFly-Day-FridayMarch-12November-29201120132017iNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-Lifeacceptedexact-match1-observationsparse-datainferred-contentconservativefactualclarityusefulnesscautious-languagehas-been-observedis-known-tonullunknownnot-clearly-supporteddo-not-inferdo-not-fabricatedo-not-repeatunique-contentnon-overlappingdirect-sentencesconcrete-statementshigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguishenvironmentconditionsgeographic-rangetimingfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansmeaningfulimportant-additional-contextcleardirectavoid-fluffavoid-filleravoid-repeating-taxonomyavoid-technical-jargonconcretewell-supportedpartial-but-reliablestrictly-matchJSON-schemano-extra-fieldsno-commentaryentomology-guideaccurateinformativefactual-correctnesscompletenessverbosityspeculationjustifiedvague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsbehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipshighmediumlowtruefalse3-5-sentencesonlyhow-to-distinguishmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextavoid-overly-technical-jargonNomotettix cristatus
crested pygmy grasshopper, crested grouse locust, northern crested grouse locust
Nomotettix cristatus is a small pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the crested pygmy grasshopper or crested grouse locust. It is one of approximately 35 Nearctic species of Tetrigidae. The species exhibits three recognized subspecies with distinct geographic distributions across North America. Like other members of its family, it is characterized by an elongated pronotum that extends over the abdomen, a trait distinguishing pygmy grasshoppers from typical grasshoppers in Acrididae.
pygmy-grasshoppergroundhopperTetrigidaeNearcticmoist-habitatpronotumcristateNorth-Americaleaf-litteraquatic-marginOrthopteraCaeliferajumping-insectsmall-grasshoppercrested-pronotumsubspecies-variationAlbertaConnecticutFloridaGeorgiaIllinoislake-shorepond-edgestream-marginground-dwellingScudder-1862Batrachidea-cristataNomotettix-cristatus-cristatusNomotettix-cristatus-compressusNomotettix-cristatus-floridanusTetriginaeAcridideaTetrigoideaHexapodaPterygotainsectarthropodanimaleukaryotemetazoaanimaliaarthropodainsectanomotettixcristatuscrestedpygmygrasshoppergrouse-locustnorthern-crested-grouse-locustcrested-grouse-locustcrested-pygmy-grasshopperiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaSkejoTumbrinckDevrieseHochkirchMorse-1895Hancock-1902Scudder-1863BatrachideacristatacompressusfloridanusNearctic-region35-species2000-species230-million-yearsdinosaur-contemporarieswater-dependent-lifecyclePeruća-lakeCroatiaBalkansEuropesystematicstaxonomyfaunisticsnatural-historybiodiversityconservationendangeredimperiledZooKeysresearchamateur-naturalistcitizen-scienceobservation53-observationsrareneglected-diversitytropicsMadagascarAustraliaNew-GuineaBorneoBrazilAtlantic-Forestleaf-like-morphologyspineswartsundulationshornsbizarregrotesqueHancock-1907Genera-InsectorumAcididaepronotal-projectionHolocerusNotocerusHolocerus-luciferHolocerus-devrieseiNotocerus-formidabilisMetopomystrum-muricienseOphiotettix-pulcherrimaParaselina-brunneriSelivinga-tribulataCriotettix-bispinosusTetrix-subulataTettigidea-lateralisTetrix-undulataTetrix-tenuicornisParatettix-meridionalisParatettix-mexicanusTetrix-depressaTetrix-arenosaTetrix-bipunctataTetrix-japonicaParatettix-aztecusHyperyboella-orphaniaScelimena-productaEurymorphopus-bolivariensisDiscotettix-belzebuthTetrix-ceperoiTetrix-transsylvanicaArulenusRhacocleis-buchichiiBarbitistes-kaltenbachiAdžićDeranjaPavlovićFran-RebrinaIvan-BudinskiVrlikaHPMHrvatski-Prirodoslovni-MuzejZagrebKitonićMikoFranjevićMedakMathieuSilvaPereiraDe-DomenicoSperberConnorsHendriksenLambertChongMcMasterMonaghanRentzRichterRoseTelnovBarclayPauwelsEntomological-Society-of-LatviaRigaLatviaWallaceaVolume-IIIbiogeographynature-conservationTrinity-Audioguest-blogJosip-SkejoOrthoptera-of-CroatiaBalkan-endemicendemic-speciesnatural-history-museummuseum-collectionsfield-researchcareer-determinationserendipitous-discoverynew-speciessystematic-researchunderstudied-groupregular-publishing20212017202020142016201320122011primary-schoolhigh-schoolbiology-studentsnakesUropeltidaeScolecophidiashield-tailed-snakesblind-snakesgrasshopperscricketsCroatian-endemicfirst-encounterwater-dependencylifecycleleading-European-orthopteristsrare-speciesnew-Arulenus-speciesunderstudiedpublishingTetrigidae-researchencyclopediaElsevierdigital-taxonomyopen-accessinnovationsjournalgrowthtrendingsocial-mediaFlickrunidentified-rare-pygmy-grasshoppersstudentsamateursnew-recordsnot-rareTribulation-helmed-groundhopperKurandaTully-RangeRedlynchKingfisher-parkSpeewahselected-awesome-placesselected-amazing-taxarainforestshumid-forestsextremely-rareweird-lookinglargestmost-colourfulZooKeys-studiesphotographsidentified-to-species-levelvariabilitypronotal-projection-morphologyholotypeMaroantsentraAntongil-BayTamataveAndasibeVohimanaRanomafanaAnalamazaotraTraveler's-PalmRavenala-madagascariensisnatural-habitatskilful-flierflightlarge-back-spinesFormidable-Pygmy-GrasshopperSava-regiontrue-colourssmallinterestingPygmy-unicornsSouthern-AmericaMuricidescriptionmale-holotypeheadsternumfrontal-viewdorsal-viewlateral-viewsternomentumscale-barsGiraffehoppersuniqueantennal-shapeface-colorationvisual-animalscourtshipmating-pairYapen-IslandCenderawasih-BayW-New-Guineayoung-entomologistsdecisionstudy-pygmy-grasshoppersdirectionprimary-and-high-schoolcompare-datafirst-ideafamiliar-animalsfieldorder-Orthopterafriendfellow-studentfirst-systematic-researchtwo-Croatian-endemic-speciesfirst-years2011-2012never-sawsingle-pygmy-grasshopperBIOMSinjTetrigidae-locationaround-waterfirst-time-everlifecycle-water-dependentresearchingcontactingHendrik-DevrieseAxel-HochkirchJosef-TumbrinckCroatian-Natural-History-MuseumSkejo-et-al.-2014Skejo-&-Caballero-2016regularly-publishingAdžić-et-al.-2021Endangered-Pygmy-GrasshoppersEncyclopaedia-of-ConservationMathieu-et-al.-2021ZooKeys-1042Silva-et-al.-2017commentsrecent-changesMetopomystrumCleostratiniMiriatriniZooKeys-702Skejo-et-al.-2020online-social-mediaAnaselinaParaselinaSelivingarare-Australian-pygmy-grasshoppersZooKeys-948Malagasy-devilsnorthsouthZooKeys-957Tumbrinck-&-Skejo-2017taxonomic-and-biogeographic-revisionNew-Guinean-genusOphiotettix-Walker-1871MetrodorinaeOphiotettigini-trib.-nov.33-new-speciesnature's-creationsencouragedU.S.-speciesspectacularclosedHalloweenorange-and-blackArgus-tortoise-beetleChelymorpha-cassideaoleander-caterpillarSyntomeida-epilaiswheel-bugArilus-cristatusmorning-gloryConvolvulaceaesweet-potatotoxic-compoundsalkaloidsnerve-poisonsmonarch-butterflymilkweed-leaf-beetleoleander-aphidpredator-protection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stemhumanRelevanceinteraction-with-humanssimilarTaxamust-include-reasonmisconceptionsonly-if-meaningfulextraDetailsimportant-additional-contextSTYLE-RULESclear-direct-sentencesavoid-fluff-filler-languagerepeating-taxonomy-in-proseoverly-technical-jargonconcrete-statementsabstract-descriptionsQUALITY-RULEScompleteness-highmost-fields-well-supportedcompleteness-mediumpartial-but-reliablecompleteness-lowsparse-datahasInferredContenttrue-ONLY-if-generalization-usedotherwise-falseOUTPUT-FORMATstrictly-match-JSON-schemano-extra-fieldsno-commentary-outside-JSONwater-associatedthree-subspeciesN.-c.-cristatusN.-c.-compressusN.-c.-floridanussmall-size399-observationsexact-matchmedium-completenessno-inferred-contentfactual-correctness-prioritizedconservative-approachinformative-contentno-fluffno-vague-generalizationscautious-language-where-neededno-fabricationunique-field-contentfocused-sectionsJSON-schema-complianceno-commentaryPlectrocnemia
tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
Trichopteracaddisflyaquatic-insectpredatorsilkbioindicatornet-spinnervibration-detectionpopulation-geneticsEuroperunning-waterlarvaePlectrocnemia-conspersaPlectrocnemia-brevisPlectrocnemia-renettaPlectrocnemia-latissimagenomesilk-fibroinkin-structuredispersalegg-masscolonial-netoxygen-requirementsCaucasusBritainGreeceTurkeyCyprusVermontfreshwaterstreamriverspringpredatory-behaviorvibration-frequencysetae-morphologylarval-identification-keyOxford-Nanopore-sequencingBUSCO-completenessL-chain-fibroinneighborhood-population-sizepatchy-recruitment-hypothesisgenetic-relatednessmicrosatelliteovipositionhot-spotsfirst-instarpupationmandible-captureorientation-behaviorbuilding-behaviorprey-captureChironomidaeOligochaetasubstrate-borne-vibrationsilken-tubetube-makerPolycentropodidaeStephens-1836more-than-120-speciesgenome-assemblynutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesindustrial-interestphylogenomicscomparative-genomicsgenome-sizecontiguitypolishingIlluminaNanoporedraft-genomeannotated-genomeHydropsyche-tenuisspatial-genetic-structurecolonizationgene-flowgenetic-driftdispersal-distanceflighttemporary-populationspermanent-populationshabitat-patchessuitable-habitatecological-nichecase-making-behaviorlarval-casesilk-secretionprotein-componentgenomic-regiongene-clustergenomic-resourceshigh-quality-genomeshortest-genomevariable-qualitypublished-genomesinsect-orderspecioseindustrial-applicationbiomaterialnatural-materialbiomimicryconservationwater-quality-monitoringenvironmental-indicatorclean-wateroxygen-concentrationnorthern-slopesCentral-Caucasusrivers-and-streamsbiologyaspects-of-biologyreportedinhabitsfinal-instardiagnostic-featuresillustrateddiscriminatory-matrixGreek-specieszoogeographyreported-fromkey-to-larvaerevised-keynotes-onpreviously-unknown-larvadistinguishesother-British-specieslarval-habitatadult-identificationgenetic-differentiationsitespopulation-sizesshort-range-trendgreater-distancesevolutionary-processessmall-scalesnumber-of-generationsfound-small-populationsgrow-and-exchange-geneslarger-scalessubstantial-gapsregionscolonisation-eventsgenetic-patternslast-colonisedecological-studiesdynamicspersistence-and-spreadcentral-toMartynov-1913Malicky-1975Curtis-1834McLachlanCurtisNavasgenus-Stephens-1836family-Polycentropodidaeorder-Trichopteraclass-Insectaphylum-Arthropodakingdom-AnimaliaEukaryotaHexapodaHydropsychoideaPolycentropodinaeiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaZeitschrift-für-TierpsychologieFreshwater-BiologyZootaxaGenome-Biology-and-EvolutionZoosymposiaDOIabstractpaper-summaryevidenceconfidence-notesobservations-countmatched-scientific-namecanonical-namerankstatusacceptedmatch-typehigherrankdistribution-recordsgenus-of-tube-maker-caddisfliesmore-than-120-described-specieslist-of-speciesreferencesfurther-readingexternal-linkstitlejournalsubjectsZusammenfassungDie-Larven-vonleben-in-Fließwässernfängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beutehauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-OligochaetenWirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-VibrationenAufmerksamkeitOrientierung-und-BewegungFangversucheum-so-schnellerverwirrtBaubewegungenBauverhaltenBeutefangenger-Verbindungrecruitmentkinsouthern-English-streamobjectivessmall-scale-patternsstream-dwellingspatial-proximity-of-close-kinpatchy-recruitmentdistribution-of-related-larvaeaquatic-phaseegg-massesspatially-and-temporally-structured-samplesfield-collected-larvaesix-polymorphic-microsatellite-locisiblingsprogeny-of-one-fatherbackground-population-levelsiblings-dispersechanges-in-spatial-genetic-structureneighbouring-larvaeavoiding-kinonset-of-pupationsurvival-through-the-egg-stagefirst-instar-larvaenumber-of-egg-massesrefutelarva-ofincludinglarvae-ofspecies-of-Greecemorphologyfinal-instar-larvainner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setaeabdominal-segment-IXmuscle-attachment-spotshead-capsuleabdominal-sternum-IXdistribution-patternsannotated-draft-genomeslarval-silk-secretionsdiverse-case-making-behaviorecological-nichesfive-genomeslow-cost-sequencing-strategyOxford-Nanopore-flow-cellIllumina-sequence-readshigh-quality-genomesde-novo-assembly-methodslow-coverage-Nanopore-readsshortest-genomeslight-L-chain-fibroinL-fibroin-gene-clustersphylogenomiccomparative-genomiclarvae-of-the-genusother-two-Britishlife-cycleadultgenetic-population-structureneighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-historyscale-of-colonisationstructuring-populationsgenetic-and-ecological-methodsno-genetic-differentiationup-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizesgreater-than-expectedcontrasting-short-range-trendimplausibly-smallrelatively-short-flightswinged-adultsfound-smalloften-temporarylarger-and-more-permanentamplifyingregions-containingreducedate-fromrarely-examinedcentralbiology-ofspringshigh-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicatorwater-qualitytube-maker-caddisfliesgenusobservationstaxonomy-matchmatchedcanonicalclassificationAnimaliaArthropodaInsectagroupcaddisfliesMetazoagenus-Plectrocnemialist-of-Plectrocnemia-speciesvibrations-and-predatory-behavioureffects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-netpredatory-behaviourvariations-in-the-frequencymore-marked-effectvariations-in-amplitudestage-2orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lurestage-3capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibleslarvae-live-in-running-waterscatch-with-a-netpreymainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaeteseffect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-netvery-irregularly-woven-netopen-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-endsvibration-weakly-dampenedfrequency-does-not-changevibration-excitesattentionorientation-and-movementcapture-attemptsorientation-and-movement-to-preythe-fasterthe-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hzfrequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hzlead-to-incomplete-reactionsas-if-the-larvae-were-confusedfrequencies-below-0.075-Hzgenerate-building-movementsbuilding-behavior-instead-of-prey-captureclosely-connectedrecruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structureoviposition-and-genetic-relatednessstream-dwelling-caddisbeginning-of-the-aquatic-phasefour-sample-dateswithin-one-generationmean-relatedness-coefficientwithin-reared-egg-massesdiffered-significantlypopulation-as-a-wholemarkers-sufficiently-powerfulidentify-groups-of-siblingssmall-contribution-from-a-second-malemean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groupsdid-not-differ-from-backgroundsiblings-disperse-away-from-each-otherkin-structure-does-not-persistchanges-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-lifeneighbouring-larvae-less-closely-relatedapproaching-onset-of-pupationsurvival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-lifevery-highgreater-than-50%non-social-insectconsequence-of-colonial-netbriefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvaelack-of-spatial-genetic-structurehigh-survivalrefute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesislarva-of-Plectrocnemia-renettaincluding-discriminatory-matrixlarvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greecemorphology-of-final-instar-larvamost-important-diagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminary-discriminatory-matrixstrongly-different-in-lengthseparated-from-each-othermuscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsulenumber-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IXreported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islandsexploit-wide-range-of-ecological-nichesfive-genomes-publishedvariable-qualitiessingle-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cellde-novo-assembly-methods-comparedassembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-readssubsequent-polishingyielded-highest-genome-qualitycontiguity-and-BUSCO-completenessshortest-genomes-to-dateextend-knowledge-of-genome-sizegenomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroinprotein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silkidentified-and-comparednew-genomic-resourcesamong-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomesincrease-knowledgebasis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studiesrevised-key-to-larvaedistinguishes-previously-unknown-larvaother-two-British-speciesnotes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adultgenetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisationno-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-driftgenetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-kmneighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-smallevolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiationrelatively-short-flights-by-winged-adultsspread-over-number-of-generationsfound-small-often-temporary-populationsgrow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populationsamplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flowsubstantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patchesreduce-number-of-colonisation-eventsgenetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonisedecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scalescentral-to-persistence-and-spreadbiology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissimarivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopessprings-streams-and-riversrequires-high-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicator-of-water-qualityaspects-of-biology-reportedWikipedia-summaryrank-GENUSstatus-ACCEPTEDmatch-type-HIGHERRANKdistribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-USscientific-nameauthorship-Stephens-1836classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemiascientific-name-Plectrocnemiagroup-caddisflieskingdom-Metazoainstructionsfill-all-fieldsif-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-nulldo-not-repeat-information-across-fieldskeep-each-section-focused-on-its-purposeprovide-useful-detail-where-possiblecritical-rulesfactual-correctness-over-completenessclarity-over-verbosityusefulness-over-speculationif-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-nulldo-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fieldseach-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-contentavoid-vague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsuse-cautious-language-when-necessaryhas-been-observedis-known-todo-not-fabricatebehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsfield-intentsummary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentencesappearance-physical-description-onlyidentification-how-to-distinguish-it-from-similar-taxahabitat-environment-and-conditionsdistribution-geographic-range-onlyseasonality-timing-of-activitydiet-feeding-habits-null-if-unknownlifeCycle-developmental-stagesbehavior-notable-actions-or-habitsecologicalRole-role-in-ecosystemhumanRelevance-interaction-with-humanssimilarTaxa-must-include-reasonmisconceptions-only-if-meaningfulextraDetails-only-for-important-additional-contextstyle-rulesuse-clear-direct-sentencesavoid-fluff-or-filler-languageavoid-repeating-taxonomy-in-proseavoid-overly-technical-jargon-unless-necessaryprefer-concrete-statements-over-abstract-descriptionsquality-rulescompleteness-high-only-if-most-fields-are-well-supportedcompleteness-medium-if-partial-but-reliablecompleteness-low-if-sparse-datahasInferredContent-true-only-if-generalization-is-usedotherwise-falseoutput-formatmust-strictly-match-provided-JSON-schemado-not-include-any-extra-fieldsdo-not-include-commentary-outside-JSONtaxon-recordusing-provided-schemaoptional-context-may-be-incompletesourcepaper-summary-evidencelimited-information-extracted-from-abstract-onlyfull-text-not-available-for-more-detailed-extractionhabitat-diet-life-cycle-reproduction-behaviors-and-ecosystem-role-not-mentioned-in-abstractdistribution-data-limited-to-abstract-level-informationfull-paper-may-contain-additional-detailsabstract-only-providedfull-text-not-availablehabitat-diet-and-ecological-details-likely-contained-in-main-paper-but-not-accessible-from-abstract-alonedistribution-limited-to-Britain-as-explicitly-statedgeneratestructured-taxon-recordsentomology-guideaccurate-conservative-informative-contentprioritizegoalproducejsonschemacontentsummaryappearanceidentificationhabitatdistributionseasonalitylifeCyclehostAssociationsbehaviorecologicalRolehumanRelevancesimilarTaxamisconceptionsextraDetailstagscompletenesshasInferredContentmetadatasourcessourceQualityextractionMethodextractionDateconfidencenotesreasonnamehighmediumlowtruefalseVibrations-and-Predatory-Behaviour-of-Plectrocnemia-Larvaevibrationsnetfrequencyamplitudeorientationcapturemandiblesrunning-watersdwelling-tubedampenedbuilding-movementsconfusedRecruitment-kin-and-the-spatial-genetic-structure-of-a-caddisfly-Plectrocnemia-conspersamicrosatellite-locisurvivalThe-larva-of-Plectrocnemia-renetta-Malicky-1975larvasetaeabdominal-segmentmuscle-attachmentIkariaSamosAnnotated-Draft-Genomes-of-Two-Caddisfly-SpeciesfibroinOxford-NanoporeBUSCOA-revised-key-to-larvae-of-the-genus-PlectrocnemiaPlectrocnemia-geniculatacolonisationdispersal-flightsstreamsrivers120-described-speciesDenmarkNorwaySwedenUnited-States204DKNOSEUStaxonomymatchkingdomphylumclassorderfamilyspecific-epithetsubspecies-epithetsubphylumsubclasssuborderinfraordertribescientific-name-authorshipsynonymscommon-namescontent-fieldsall-fieldsavailable-knowledgereturn-nullnot-supportedunique-non-overlappingfocuseduseful-detailfactualcorrectcleardirectno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-jargonconcretehigh-completenessmedium-completenesslow-completenessno-inferred-contentstrict-JSONno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryentomologyinsectsaquaticvibrationgeneticspopulationeggpupainstaroxygenAsiaAmericaEnglandflowing-waterChironomidoligochaetecolonialrelatednesssiblingIllumina-sequencingannotatedsilk-proteincase-makingidentification-keymorphologicaldiagnosticsetal-arrangementmuscle-spotabdominal-sternumlarval-stageoviposition-sitehot-spotsurvival-ratehabitat-patchtemporary-populationpermanent-populationwinged-adultkin-avoidancerefutedwater-quality-indicatorhigh-oxygengenus-authoritytype-speciesnot-specifiedsee-alsoabstract-onlylimited-informationextractionhabitat-not-mentioneddiet-not-mentionedlife-cycle-not-mentionedreproduction-not-mentionedbehaviors-not-mentionedecosystem-role-not-mentioneddistribution-limitedabstract-levelmain-paperadditional-detailslikely-containednot-accessibleBritain-explicitly-statedlarval-stages-describeddetailed-extractionpredatorycaptures-preysilken-netssubstrate-borne-vibrationschironomid-larvaeoligochaetesfrequency-effectsamplitude-effectsorientation-stagecapture-stagenet-constructionconfused-responsesincomplete-reactionsshort-rangelong-range20-km500-kmcolonization-eventspersistencespreadorganic-mattermaterial-propertiesqualitygenome-size-variationsilk-encoding-genesprotein-componentsgene-clustersbasis-for-studiesdistinguishes-speciesBritish-speciesmorphological-characteristicstaxonomic-revisionpopulation-structureneighborhood-sizehistoryscalestructuringmethodsdifferentiationdrifttrendprocessesflightsgenerationsfoundgrowexchangeamplifygapssuitabledateexaminedrequiresindicatoraspectsnorthernslopesMartynovGreek-islandsseparated-byarrangementnumberlengthgroup-wherestrongly-differentdiagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminarymatrix-providedmorphology-ofinformation-ongivenmost-importantdiscriminatoryto-the-larvaespecies-ofpreviously-unknowndescribesthis-papereffects-of-vibrationstransmitted-acrossanalysesworkthisanalyses-the-effectsvariations-inhas-a-more-marked-effectespecially-onlive-incatch-witheffect-ofgenerated-byinvestigatedvery-irregularly-wovenopen-at-both-endsweakly-dampeneddoes-not-changeexcitesthe-moreexceedslead-toas-ifotherwisesometimes-occurssuggestsour-objectivesexaminein-particularlook-forany-evidencethereforein-order-toat-the-beginningover-foursubsequently-comparedreared-fromranged-fromindicating-thatsufficiently-powerfullikely-to-bealthoughcould-not-be-excludeddid-not-differsuggesting-thatvery-quicklydoes-not-persistindicated-thatpossibly-suggestingsome-direct-or-indirect-meanswhen-approachingour-countssuggested-thatapparently-very-highmay-be-a-consequenceall-refutealso-providedbelong-tocan-be-separatedwith-respect-tohas-been-reportedmembers-ofprovide-importantfor-exampledue-tothese-form-the-basisonly-fivepublished-thus-farwith-variable-qualitiesregardingwas-successfully-usedof-thecomparedyieldedboth-in-termsto-dateextend-our-knowledgeacrosswas-identified-and-comparedwith-existingpresented-in-this-paperare-amongwill-increaseby-serving-asfrom-larvae-ofare-given-onof-the-adultused-bothto-evaluatethere-was-nodespitegiven-theimplied-thatis-implausibly-smalldo-not-explainat-small-scalescould-account-forfor-instancemay-thenover-larger-scalescould-reducemay-date-fromhave-rarely-examinedyet-these-processesmay-be-central-tofrom-the-rivers-and-streamsaspects-ofare-reported-herecan-be-used-ashigh-level-overview3-5-sentencesphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-and-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actions-or-habitsrole-in-ecosysteminteraction-with-humansmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextclear-direct-sentencesno-fluff-or-fillerno-repeating-taxonomyno-overly-technical-jargonprefer-concretehigh-only-if-most-fields-well-supportedmedium-if-partial-but-reliablelow-if-sparse-datatrue-only-if-generalization-usedstrictly-matchno-commentary-outside-JSONgenerate-taxon-recordtaxonPlectrocnemiaoptional-contextmay-be-incompleteif-a-field-cannot-be-supportedkeep-each-section-focusedprovide-useful-detailfactual-correctnessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationinformation-not-clearly-supporteddo-not-infer-species-level-traitsfrom-higher-taxaunless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeatsame-informationmultiple-fieldseach-field-must-containunique-non-overlapping-contentuse-cautious-languageaccurateconservativeinformativestructuredrecordsscientificNamecanonicalNamescientificNameAuthorshiptaxonRankcommonNamessubfamilyspeciesEpithetsubspeciesEpithetRhopalosoma nearcticum
Rhopalosoma nearcticum is a parasitoid wasp in the family Rhopalosomatidae. Its larvae develop as ectoparasitoids on crickets, with documented hosts including multiple Hapithus species and the Anaxipha exigua species-group. The species is found in the Americas from the United States to Brazil, though phylogenetic studies suggest at least two genetically distinct Rhopalosoma clades exist in America north of Mexico.
parasitoidectoparasitoidcricket-parasitewaspshymenopterarhopalosomatidaenearcticumbrues-1943americasunited-statesbrazilmid-atlantictennesseehapithusanaxiphagryllidaetrigonidiidaebarcodingphylogeneticsgenetic-cladeslarval-developmenthost-specificityinsect-parasitoidaculeatavespoideaapocritahexapodaarthropodainsectaanimaliametazoaeukaryotacypress-grove-nature-parkjackson-tennesseeopen-journal-of-animal-sciencesjournal-of-hymenoptera-researchgbifinaturalistcatalogue-of-lifencbi-taxonomywikipediadna-barcodingnew-host-recordspecies-complexcryptic-speciesnorth-americacentral-americasouth-americamexicomexican-statesutahdistribution-recordsobservations327-observations737475767778mxcmxemxgmximxnmxsmxtutaacceptedexact-matchspecies-rank1943bruesrhopalosoma-cressonhymenoptera-rhopalosomatidaeamerica-north-of-mexicocricket-parasitizing-wasphabitat-abundancesmid-atlantic-parkectoparasitoid-larvaehost-speciesgryllidae-hapithinaetrigonidiidae-trigonidiinaegenetic-evidencesecond-speciesphylogenetic-analysesgenetically-distinct-cladesat-least-two-speciesdocumented-specieslarvae-collectedcollection-sitenature-parkconservativefactualaccuratestructuredentomologyguidetaxon-recordjson-schemahigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguishsimilar-taxaenvironmentconditionsgeographic-rangetimingactivityfeedingdevelopmentalstagesnotableactionshabitsecosysteminteractionmeaningfuladditional-contextcleardirectconcretenon-overlappinguniquecautiousobservedknownnullsupportedjustifiedinferredmediumlowsparsewell-supportedpartialreliablecritical-rulesfield-intentstyle-rulesquality-rulesoutput-formatstrictly-matchno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryprioritycorrectnesscompletenessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationvaguegeneralizationsfabricatebehaviorsdiet-detailslife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsflufffillertaxonomyprosetechnical-jargonconcrete-statementsabstract-descriptions