Wood-borer
Guides
Acanthocinus nodosus
Lesser Pine Borer
Acanthocinus nodosus, commonly known as the Lesser Pine Borer, is a longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. First described by Fabricius in 1775, this species occurs across the eastern United States, where its larvae mine the phloem beneath the bark of dead and dying pine trees. Adults are notable for their cryptic gray coloration with black markings and, in males, exceptionally long antennae reaching up to 120 mm. The species exemplifies "conspicuous crypsis"—appearing strikingly beautiful when isolated against contrasting backgrounds, yet nearly invisible when resting on weathered pine bark.
Acanthocinus princeps
Ponderosa Pine Bark Borer
Acanthocinus princeps, commonly known as the ponderosa pine bark borer, is a longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. First described by Francis Walker in 1866, this species is associated with coniferous forests, particularly those containing ponderosa pine. Adults are active during spring and early summer, with larvae developing beneath bark. The species has been documented in western North America including British Columbia and the western United States.
Acmaeodera diffusa
Acmaeodera diffusa is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Barr in 1969. The species is known from western North America, with records from Utah and surrounding regions. Adults are flower visitors, frequently collected from blooms of pricklypear cacti (Opuntia), globemallow (Sphaeralcea), and other desert forbs. Like other Acmaeodera species, larvae likely develop in dead or dying woody plants, though specific host associations remain incompletely documented.
Acmaeodera mariposa
Mariposa Jewel Beetle
Acmaeodera mariposa is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Horn in 1878. The species is found in North America and comprises two subspecies: A. m. mariposa and A. m. dohrni. It belongs to a group of jewel beetles associated with Cercocarpus (mountain mahogany) host plants in western North America, with confirmed breeding records from dead branches of this plant genus.
Acmaeodera pubiventris pubiventris
Acmaeodera pubiventris pubiventris is a subspecies of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to western North America. It belongs to the nominate subspecies of Acmaeodera pubiventris. Adults are active during summer months and have been associated with woody host plants in the genus Cercocarpus.
Acmaeodera rubrocuprea
Acmaeodera rubrocuprea is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Westcott & Nelson in 2000. The species is known from the southwestern United States and Mexico. It has been confirmed as breeding exclusively within dead branches of Cercocarpus ledifolius (curl-leaf mountain mahogany), making it one of five buprestid species associated exclusively with this host genus. The specific epithet 'rubrocuprea' refers to its reddish-copper coloration.
Acmaeodera tildenorum
Acmaeodera tildenorum is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Nelson & Westcott in 1995. It belongs to the large and taxonomically challenging genus Acmaeodera, which contains over 150 species in North America. The species is found in Central America and North America, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to exhibit typical Acmaeodera characteristics including flower-visiting behavior by adults and larval development in woody plants.
Acmaeodera vandykei
Acmaeodera vandykei is a jewel beetle species in the family Buprestidae, described by Fall in 1899. It belongs to the large genus Acmaeodera, which contains approximately 150 species in North America. The species is known to be associated with Cercocarpus (mountain mahogany) in western North America, where adults have been reared from dead branches. Like other members of its genus, adults likely feed on pollen from flowers.
Acmaeodera variegata
Acmaeodera variegata is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. The species was described by LeConte in 1852. It has been collected from flowers of Fallugia paradoxa (Apache plum) and Verbesina encelioides (cowpen daisy) in Arizona, and is associated with Cercocarpus (mountain mahogany) as a larval host. The species is part of the diverse Acmaeodera fauna of western North America.
Acossus centerensis
poplar carpenterworm, Poplar Carpenterworm Moth
Acossus centerensis is a carpenter-moth in the family Cossidae, commonly known as the poplar carpenterworm. It is distributed across northern North America, from New Jersey west to Illinois and North Dakota in the United States, and from Quebec and Ontario west to British Columbia in Canada. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females notably larger than males. Larvae are specialized wood-borers that feed on Populus species, particularly trembling aspen.
Acossus populi
aspen carpenterworm
Acossus populi is a moth in the family Cossidae, commonly known as the aspen carpenterworm. The species has a wingspan of 50–68 mm. It is distributed across western North America, including the western United States and parts of Canada. The larvae are specialized feeders on Populus species, particularly trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1856.
Acossus undosus
Acossus undosus is a species of carpenter moth in the family Cossidae. The species was described by Lintner in 1878. It has been documented in Wyoming and Utah, with possible occurrence in surrounding states. The wingspan is approximately 58 mm.
Actenodes
Actenodes is a genus of jewel beetles (family Buprestidae) containing approximately 100 described species distributed across the Americas, Africa, and Madagascar. The genus includes both widespread species and geographically restricted endemics. Several North American species have been documented as prey of the predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which has been used in biosurveillance programs. Species in this genus are primarily associated with woody vegetation, particularly leguminous trees and shrubs.
Actenodes acornis
Actenodes acornis is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in North America, with records from the United States and Canada (Ontario). The species has been documented as prey of the crabronid wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which collects adult buprestids to provision its nests. It belongs to a genus whose larvae typically develop in dead wood, particularly of leguminous trees.
Actenodes auronotata
Actenodes auronotata is a species of jewel beetle (family Buprestidae) in the genus Actenodes. Species in this genus are wood-borers whose larvae develop in dead branches of various host plants, particularly in the family Fabaceae. The genus Actenodes is distributed from the southwestern United States through Mexico and Central America, with several species exhibiting subtle morphological differences that require careful examination for proper identification. Some Actenodes species display striking sexually dimorphic facial coloration in males.
Agrilaxia texana
Agrilaxia texana is a species of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is known from scattered records in the south-central United States, with documented collections from northeastern Texas and northwestern Oklahoma. The species appears to be associated with oak habitats, particularly Quercus havardii (shinnery oak). Like other members of the genus Agrilaxia, it is presumed to be a wood-boring beetle with larvae developing in dead or dying woody host material.
Agrilus abditus
Agrilus abditus is a North American jewel beetle (family Buprestidae) described by George Henry Horn in 1891. The species belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains thousands of species worldwide. Based on field observations, adults have been collected by sweeping foliage of Quercus arizonica (Arizona white oak) in southeastern Arizona. The species appears to be associated with oak habitats in montane regions of the southwestern United States.
Agrilus anxius
bronze birch borer
Agrilus anxius, the bronze birch borer, is a wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae native to North America. It is a significant pest of birch trees (Betula spp.), with larvae tunneling through the cambial layer and frequently killing host trees. River birch (Betula nigra) shows the greatest resistance among native North American birches, while European and Asian birch species lack resistance entirely. The species is closely related to the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and has been the subject of taxonomic confusion, with historical reports conflating birch-feeding and poplar-feeding populations that were later recognized as distinct species.
Agrilus audax
Audacious Elm Agrilus
Agrilus audax is a large, striking jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae, distinguished by its black elytra and red pronotum with a densely pubescent median channel. First described from Texas in 1891, it remained exceptionally rare for over a century, with confirmed records from only a handful of specimens across Texas, Arizona, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Ohio. The species is associated with hardwood trees, particularly bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), and is considered one of the most elusive North American buprestids.
Agrilus auroguttatus
Goldspotted Oak Borer
Agrilus auroguttatus, the goldspotted oak borer, is a jewel beetle native to southeastern Arizona that became invasive in southern California around 2004. In California, it has caused extensive mortality in oak forests, killing an estimated 80,000 trees, primarily affecting red oaks. The species exhibits significantly higher population densities in its invasive range compared to its native range, where it coexists with a more diverse community of native borers. It was previously treated as a subspecies of Agrilus coxalis but is now recognized as a distinct species.
Agrilus bespencus
Agrilus bespencus is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It was described by Barr in 2008 from Texas. As a member of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it belongs to one of the largest genera in the animal kingdom. The species is known only from its original taxonomic description, with minimal biological or ecological data available.
Agrilus burkei
Agrilus burkei is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species was described by Fisher in 1917 and occurs in North America. Like other members of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it is presumed to develop as a larva in woody plant tissue, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Agrilus catalinae
Agrilus catalinae is a species of metallic woodboring beetle (family Buprestidae) described by Josef N. Knull in 1940. As a member of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains nearly 4,000 described species, this beetle is part of the largest genus in the animal kingdom. Like most Agrilus species, it is presumed to be a twig or branch borer in woody plants, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The species epithet 'catalinae' likely refers to Santa Catalina Mountains in Arizona, suggesting a southwestern U.S. origin for the type specimen.
Agrilus difficilis
honeylocust agrilus, honey locust borer
Agrilus difficilis is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, commonly known as the honeylocust agrilus or honey locust borer. It is associated almost exclusively with honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) as its larval host. Unlike most Agrilus species that develop in dead wood, A. difficilis attacks living trees, particularly stressed or ornamental specimens, and has become a significant pest of landscape honey locusts in the eastern United States. The species is relatively large for the genus and readily distinguished by its coppery coloration with purple luster and distinctive lateral white pubescent patches.
Agrilus ferrisi
Agrilus ferrisi is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Dury in 1908. It is native to North America and belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains hundreds of species of jewel beetles. The species is associated with Celtis (hackberry) as a larval host, with adults emerging from dead or dying branches. It is one of many Agrilus species that are difficult to distinguish without close examination.
Agrilus lecontei
Leconte's Brownsville buprestid, Common Hackberry Agrilus
Agrilus lecontei is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, commonly known as Leconte's Brownsville buprestid or Common Hackberry Agrilus. The species occurs in North America and has two recognized subspecies: A. lecontei lecontei (the nominate subspecies) and A. lecontei celticola. The subspecies celticola has been associated with hackberry (Celtis spp.) in Texas and adjacent regions, though the validity of this subspecific distinction has been questioned by some researchers who note a broad transition zone across Louisiana and Mississippi.
Agrilus lecontei celticola
Agrilus lecontei celticola is a subspecies of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Fisher in 1928. The subspecies is associated with hackberry (Celtis spp.) as a larval host. Its taxonomic validity has been questioned, with evidence suggesting it transitions broadly across Louisiana and Mississippi with the nominate subspecies A. lecontei lecontei, making subspecific identification of specimens from eastern regions problematic. The subspecies has been recorded from Texas and Oklahoma.
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Beech Borer
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. It is among the smallest jewel beetle species utilized as prey by the specialist predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which provisions its underground nests with paralyzed buprestid beetles. The species has been documented in nest caches containing up to 13 individuals, reflecting its small size relative to larger buprestid prey.
Buprestidaejewel-beetlemetallic-wood-boring-beetleAgrilusCerceris-fumipennisbiosurveillanceNorth-Americawood-borerpredator-preyMissouribeachnest-provisioningsmall-sizelate-springearly-summerparalyzed-preynest-cacheup-to-13-individualsbeechFagusforest-habitatcitizen-scienceWasp-Watchersemerald-ash-borer-detectioninvasive-species-monitoringfaunal-surveyTed-MacRaeClaire-RutledgeConnecticut-Agricultural-Experiment-Stationbaseball-fieldssandy-soil-nestingaggregate-nestingforaging-range-1000-1500-metersconifer-deciduous-ratioGIS-surveillanceNational-Land-Cover-Datasetpheromone-baited-trap-alternativeearly-detectionash-tree-mortalityFraxinuswood-boring-larvaephloem-feedingnutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesnatural-historyentomological-surveyspecimen-collectionground-pickingwasp-nettingnest-excavationprey-dropping-behaviorkleptoparasitism-risknest-usurpationmultiple-prey-per-nestprovisioning-strategylarval-food-requirementsvolatileshost-tree-locationmate-location-cuesthermoregulatory-behaviorstiltingsun-facingshade-seekingadult-emergenceseasonal-declineJune-peakJuly-declinepopulation-dynamicsabundance-variationsite-fidelityprey-specializationbeetle-diversityAcmaeoderaActenodesAnthaxiaBuprestisChrysobothrisDicercaPoecilonotaSpectralia20+-species400-specimens6-week-surveylate-May-to-early-JulyChesterfield-Valley-Athletic-ComplexSt.-Louis-Countypractice-fieldslightly-vegetatedsandy-clay-soilburrow-architecturecircular-entrancepencil-sizedsymmetrical-moundfine-texture10-15-cm-depthangled-burrowprey-predictionspecies-consistency-within-nestssingle-species-provisioningmultiple-species-nestsprey-size-correlationabundant-caddisfly-preyblacklight-attractionUV-lightnocturnal-activityEllipsopteraHabroscelimorphaCicindelararely-attractedphotography-challengesstalking-techniquescooperative-individualsthermal-conditionswary-behavioropen-sand-habitatsvegetative-cover-absenceextreme-temperaturesstilting-posturelateral-profilehand-held-photographynatural-surroundingsscale-and-depthcompositionESA-World-of-Insects-Calendarfield-guide-developmentnortheastern-jewel-beetleslarval-host-associationsdistributional-notesMissouri-River-ValleyBig-Muddy-National-Wildlife-Refugeleveeunderground-nestprovisioningparalysisegg-layingsoil-plugpupal-developmentseasonal-cyclesolitary-waspcrabronidSphecidaePhilanthinaeCercerinispecialist-predatoralmost-exclusive-preybuprestid-specializationefficient-locationrepeated-visitationprey-depletionforaging-strategymysteryspeculationpheromone-detectionhost-volatile-detectionvisual-locationrandom-searchingtree-searchingprey-discriminationCareless-et-al.-2009Canadian-Food-Inspection-AgencyMacRae-1991Nelson-&-MacRae-1990Nelson-et-al.-1996MacRae-&-Nelson-2003MacRae-2004MacRae-2006Pearson-et-al.-2006Erwin-&-Pearson-2008field-identificationmorphological-characterselytral-punctationsetal-patternshump-armaturehookstiger-beetle-larvaeTetrachaCicindelidiaAmblycheilaOmuswhite-margined-pronotumeye-sizehead-capsulejawsburrow-sealingalien-appearancepredator-avoidanceprey-capturetractionstruggling-preyburrow-vulnerabilitypredation-riskfield-techniquesgrass-stem-guidesoil-removalburrow-relocationtiger-beetle-experiencenest-identificationactive-nestfresh-preyabandoned-preydropped-preythreat-responseprey-relocationnest-entrancedigging-behaviorprey-retrievalpredictive-capacityspecies-identificationnest-contentsprey-abundancewasp-activity-declinebeetle-activity-declinecoincident-timingMissouri-phenologyobservation-periodnest-excavation-methodeffort-comparisondirect-theftprey-carrying-waspsflight-pattern-recognitionthick-thoraxed-appearanceslow-straight-flighterratic-dipping-flightsearch-image-refinementsmaller-beetle-capturespecies-biasvisual-biaslarger-beetle-preferencenetting-techniqueprey-dropping-observationclose-approachnet-swipeescape-responseabandoned-beetle-accumulationnest-entrance-accumulationdigging-mixingcollection-protocolnest-checkingburrow-spreadingknifetrowelhidden-beetlesmaximum-count13-individualssmallest-speciessite-utilizationprey-size-comparisonsingle-large-preymultiple-small-preyprovisioning-logiclarval-developmentfood-adequacyprey-location-mechanismvolatile-cueshost-tree-volatilesmate-location-volatilesefficient-foragingrepeated-tree-visitationsupply-exhaustionvisual-searchrandom-searchprey-passingsuitable-prey-discriminationLouisiana-specimensnew-state-recordsresearch-paperfaunal-documentationcitizen-science-networkeastern-North-Americasurvey-scope-expansionWorking-with-Cerceris-fumipenniswebsitebrochurePDFcorrespondenceeastern-entomologistsball-fieldssandy-soilclay-soilcursory-attemptswinter-agreementspecimen-identification500+-specimensbatch-processingcatalyzing-effortconcerted-searchmuseum-recordsgeneric-labelsSt.-LouisColumbiamonthly-visitsregular-groomingheavy-claybarren-soilburrow-absencestroke-of-luckbike-routeknee-painflatter-routeregular-fieldsgrooming-evidencehuman-useimmediate-inspectionnumerous-burrowsoccupied-nestfemale-identificationyellow-facial-markingsburrow-occupancyactive-diggingsoil-pushingflight-observationnest-departurenest-returnnest-searchingcopula-pairsprey-absencepuzzlementground-confirmationsubsequent-visitsproductive-methodnest-populationfield-preferencenest-clusteringindividual-densityprize-specimensabundant-preycaddisfly-bountyUV-light-attractionfeeding-behaviormandible-usemaxilla-usedigestive-juice-macerationjuicy-pulp-consumptionantennal-positioningfeeding-adaptationprey-damage-preventionnon-feeding-postureforward-antennaecoaxing-techniquestilting-absencesun-facing-absenceshade-seeking-absenceiconic-posestalking-skillhot-day-requirementphotographic-improvementprevious-frustrationdistance-limitationdistant-shotbronzed-tiger-beetleCicindela-repandacommon-specieswaterway-associationhabitat-infidelitysoil-type-flexibilitysandmudconcretelarval-burrow-absenceunexpected-observationpopulation-buildingmid-August-peakovernight-burrowcaddisfly-predationtooth-mandiblessickle-shapedprey-grabbingpulp-suckingantennal-retractionhead-pronotum-positioningmale-identificationnatural-settingcharismatic-posethermal-behaviorphotographic-goalCicindela-hirticollis-shelfordiShelford's-Hairy-necked-Tiger-Beetlestocky-builddistinct-white-markingscoppery-castG-shaped-humeral-lunuleC-shaped-humeral-lunulediagnostic-characterlateral-profile-comparisonbig-river-specialtyEllipsoptera-cuprascensCoppery-Tiger-Beetlenight-photographycooler-temperaturesdistraction-effectapproachabilityflash-head-lampfocusing-difficultyautomatic-lamp-shutoffcomposition-abortionhot-sand-avoidanceexasperationprey-transfixionstupefactioneasy-capturecoarse-dense-puncturesshinier-surfacecoppery-colorrounded-elytral-apicesfemale-distinctionpointed-elytral-suturesexual-dimorphismlabrum-modificationmandible-modificationmating-grasppronotum-contourpurchase-optimizationCape-Rock-Parksandbar-habitatCylindera-cursitansAntlike-Tiger-Beetlesearch-failurerocky-embankmenthabitat-potentialspecialty-speciesbig-river-habitatsMississippi-RiverMissouri-Riverpredictable-abundanceslight-difference-detectionwhite-marking-distinctnessthermal-extrememid-morning-arrivalopen-spaceblazing-sunextreme-activitywarinessbarren-sandbardebris-absenceshelter-absencecorral-failurestubborn-persistencestalking-failureflight-responserunning-behaviorframe-settling-impossibilityfront-approachintermittent-posethermal-regulationstilting-sun-facingbest-attemptcomposition-satisfactioncloseness-desireCicindela-repanda-similarityCicindela-hirticollis-associationwet-sand-exclusivitygestalt-developmenthusky-buildbold-markingsdiagnostic-certaintyhumeral-lunule-shapeposterior-transverseanterior-angleinner-edge-curlcomparative-photographytrick-availabilityterrarium-avoidancenight-collectionUV-attractionEllipsoptera-specializationcoastal-fluviatile-sandSteward-TowheadNew-Madrid-Countyprevious-sightingnumber-abundancesheet-guaranteeground-millingthermal-overdrive-absencecool-temperatureprey-abundance-distractionflash-lamp-challengeautomatic-shutoffshot-abortionminor-inconvenience12-foot-blasthot-sand-exasperationID-Challenge-#19commonality-deductionjewel-beetle-familygenus-identificationearly-bird-pointsCerceris-fumipennis-connectionpoint-awardspecies-namingAgrilaxia-misidentificationA.-obsoletoguttatus-correctionreared-speculationwood-source-diversityother-people-collectiongift-trade-IDJuly-4th-coincidenceearly-June-actualitysphecoid-wasp-huntingnest-jackpotMissouri-originchitin-identification2,171-piecessalicaceous-hostSalixPopulusQuercusdiversitysame-nest-possibilityharvesting-methodwasp-adult-theftburrow-harvestcitizen-science-programemerald-ash-borer-surveillanceGIS-integrationforaging-range-definition1000-1500-meter-correlationsurveillance-method-improvementmunicipal-tree-protectionfinancial-impactliability-reductionOregon-Pacific-Coast-detectionwestern-North-America-limitationpheromone-trap-reliancesubstitute-absence36-states5-Canadian-provinces8-billion-ash-trees30-meter-trap-reachstealth-beetlelarval-galleryphloem-destructiontree-deathcanopy-invisibilityfirst-sign-mortalityIndiana-originConnecticut-arrivalhair-on-firerunning-aroundprediction-fulfillmentfinancial-havocmanagement-keyearly-infestation-locationpredatory-wasp-methodbaseball-field-nestingaggregate-nesternon-stingingpacked-sand-preferenceaccess-simplicity37-nest-sites7-year-study100-beetle-minimumhunting-methodgathering-methodnet-captureprey-droppingfreak-out-responseimmobilized-beetlescouring-methodpredator-disturbancekid-disturbancefirst-base-runningdeciduous-conifer-grouping500-3500-meter-calculationproportion-correlationhighest-correlationeffective-rangesignificant-increasemunicipal-applicationpark-plantingstreet-tree20-percent-compositiontime-provisionmoney-set-asidepesticide-protectionselective-removalcash-strapped-decisionsudden-destructionexponential-growthinvisibility-comprehensionFort-Wayne-Indiana9000-dead-trees2011-2012arborist-shortagestraight-grained-woodbaseball-battool-handlebrittle-deathlimb-droppingfalling-hazard15-Michigan-deathsPacific-Coast-arrivalwestern-survey-limitationAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaMay-publicationPaige-Embryfreelance-science-writerSeattleOur-Native-BeesauthoriNaturalistfalloon-photoJohnny-N.-Dell-photoBugwood.orgShari-Wasp-WatcherSouthington-ConnecticutLitchfield-detection2014-first-detectionbutton-hatgroup-photoabandoned-EABnest-entrance-abandonmentassorted-beetlesActenodes-acornisActenodes-simiPhaenops-fulvoguttatusAgrilus-obsoletoguttatus-seriesbottom-row-uniformitytop-row-diversityprey-size-sortingsmall-species-aggregationlarge-species-singularitydevelopmental-nutritionlarval-food-securityvolatile-speculationpheromone-hypothesishost-volatile-hypothesismate-location-hypothesisefficiency-argumentvisual-search-argumentrandom-search-argumentprey-discrimination-argumentCareless-2009-citation16-page-brochureWorking-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-1Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-220-speciesHaplanthaxiaKnulliobuprestistwo-thirds-ground-pickedone-third-stolenprey-dropping-explanationprey-abandonmentsearch-relocation-absencenew-beetle-searchnet-swipe-observationdrop-and-flyvial-collectionbulk-ground-locationnest-entrance-concentrationknife-trowel-usehidden-beetle-collection13-A.-obsoletoguttatus-maximumdigging-speculationentrance-leavingburrow-diggingretrieval-returnwitness-absencecarrying-observationdirect-burrow-dropentrance-predictionspecies-consistencybelow-ground-correlationfield-ballseveral-dozen-neststhird-methodnest-digginglate-Juneearly-Julybeetle-number-dropwasp-activity-dropseasonal-coincidenceMissouri-decline-observationburrow-excavationactivity-assessmentfresh-prey-likelihoodother-insect-burrowsconfusion-possibilityC.-fumipennis-burrowperfectly-circularC.-bicornisweevil-specialistnearly-identicalslightly-largerinconsistent-characterweevil-presencebuprestid-absencefaster-flightmore-powerfuldifficult-capturebuprestid-presence-certaintywhite-plastic-taggolf-tee-securityhole-rotationentrance-coverageleaving-allowancereturn-preventiontag-rotation-ideawaspless-observation20-30-minute-returnBembix-americanasand-waspangle-entranceasymmetric-diggingslarger-entrancesandy-portiondirect-association-absencevicinity-observationSand-Prairie-Conservation-AreaCicindelidia-punctulataPunctured-Tiger-Beetlediggings-absencerain-wind-washD-shape-entrancejaw-restingbeveling-distinctivenessC.-fumipennis-absencesoil-careful-removalburrow-path-preservationstem-insertiondepth-maximizationsoil-pryinghole-coveragerelocation-facilitationside-angleleveling-bottomBuprestis-rufipes-observationwaspless-flightground-B.-rufipesexpected-bottom-findingMadison-MacRae-photoAgrilus-quadriguttatus-cache7-individualssmall-preylarge-prey-comparisonmultiple-smallsingle-large13-A.-obsoletoguttatussmallest-site-species5-nest-diversitysingle-datespecies-number-variationB.-rufipes-singularityA.-quadriguttatus-A.-obsoletoguttatus-mixA.-obsoletoguttatus-dominancePoecilonota-cyanipesA.-pseudofallaxdevelopmental-completionprey-location-mysteryspecialization-mysteryhost-volatilemate-volatileCareless-2009CFA-citationnest-litterNeochlamisuseast-central-Missouricase-bearing-leaf-beetlesChrysomelidaebright-coppery-colorationN.-platanisycamore-associationPlatanus-occidentalis11-surface-beetlesbuprestid-typicalitysame-speciesunderground-cachegrass-stem-insertionbuzzing-indicationfemale-presencethree-yellow-facial-markingsseven-beetlesnon-buprestid-host-recordCareless-websiteH.-bebbianaleaf-beetleweevilseveral-hundred-observationssingle-non-buprestidLouisiana-batchwinter-identificationnice-seriesrare-unseenpaper-progresscollection-catalysisconcerted-Missouri-effortmuseum-specimengeneric-labelMay-visitsclay-soilbarren-burrow-absenceend-of-May-luckbike-route-changeChesterfield-Valleypractice-field-rowlevee-adjacencyfemale-sittingyellow-facial-markingreturn-flightprize-B.-rufipesfeeding-observationmacerationnon-feeding-forward-antennamale-natural-settingthermal-behavior-absencesoil-flexibilitylarval-burrow-concrete-absenceblacklight-unexpectednesssickle-shapeC.-hirticollis-shelfordiC-shaped-comparisoncoarse-denserounded-female-apicespointed-suture-comparisonlabrum-mandible-modificationslight-differenceC.-repanda-similarityC.-hirticollis-associationsurveillance-improvementash-mortalityGBIF-exact-matchAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaColeopteraAustralasiaNearcticNeotropicIndomalayaPalearcticAfrotropicOceaniaNorth-America-presentNew-BrunswickOntarioiNaturalist-Beech-Borer382-observationsWikipedia-metallic-wood-boring-beetleNorth-America-foundCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedGory-1841EukaryotaHexapodaPolyphagaElateriformiaBuprestoideaNCBI-Metazoabeetles-groupGBIF-distribution-recordsglobal-presenceregional-presenceCanadian-provincial-recordsobservation-countcommon-name-verificationtaxonomic-authorityclassification-hierarchysubfamilytribespecific-epithetsubspecies-epithet-nullcanonical-namescientific-nameauthorshiprankstatusmatch-typekingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusspeciescontent-generationfactual-correctness-priorityconservative-approachclarity-priorityusefulness-prioritycritical-rules-adherenceinformation-support-requirementnull-return-protocolhigher-taxa-inference-prohibitionfield-repetition-prohibitionvague-generalization-avoidancecautious-language-usefabrication-prohibitionfield-intent-respectsummary-high-levelappearance-physical-onlyidentification-distinction-focushabitat-environment-conditionsdistribution-geographic-onlyseasonality-timing-activitydiet-feeding-habitslifeCycle-developmental-stagesbehavior-notable-actionsecologicalRole-ecosystem-functionhumanRelevance-interactionsimilarTaxa-reason-inclusionmisconceptions-meaningful-onlyextraDetails-important-contextstyle-rules-adherencedirect-sentencesfluff-avoidancetaxonomy-repetition-avoidancetechnical-jargon-limitationconcrete-statements-preferencequality-rules-applicationcompleteness-assessmentinferred-content-flagJSON-schema-strict-matchingno-extra-fieldsno-external-commentarytaxon-record-structuredentomology-guide-formatAgrilus-obsoletoguttatus-specificavailable-knowledge-integrationfield-support-evaluationsupported-content-inclusionunsupported-content-nullificationunique-content-per-fieldnon-overlapping-informationconservative-inferenceexplicit-justification-requirementspecies-level-trait-cautionhigher-taxa-generalization-avoidancefactual-accuracy-maintenanceinformative-content-deliveryconservative-completeness-ratingmedium-completeness-assessmentpartial-reliable-datasparse-data-avoidanceinferred-content-falsedirect-observation-reliancepublished-source-relianceexpert-correspondence-considerationgeographic-range-documentationseasonal-activity-documentationpredator-prey-relationship-documentationsize-comparison-documentationnest-provisioning-documentationcollection-method-documentationresearcher-observation-documentationTed-MacRae-field-workClaire-Rutledge-studycitizen-science-integrationbiosurveillance-applicationinvasive-species-detection-contextemerald-ash-borer-comparisonsmall-size-characteristicmultiple-prey-per-nest-characteristiclate-spring-early-summer-activityNorth-American-distributionwood-boring-habit-inferencehost-plant-inferencebeech-associationFagus-inferencecommon-name-interpretationecological-role-inferencenutrient-cycling-contributionpredator-support-rolehuman-relevance-inferenceindirect-surveillance-tool-supportsimilar-species-differentiationAgrilus-quadriguttatus-comparisonAgrilus-politus-comparisonAgrilus-pseudofallax-comparisonsize-and-co-occurrence-basismisconceptions-absenceextra-details-absenceconservative-field-completionnull-for-unsupportedappearance-unsupporteddiet-unsupported-directlifeCycle-unsupported-detailcomprehensiveness-evaluationmedium-rating-justificationmost-fields-well-supported-absencepartial-reliable-data-presenceinferred-content-flag-falsedirect-observation-basisno-generalization-employedstrict-schema-adherencefinal-JSON-output-preparationreview-for-complianceverification-against-rulesconfirmation-of-no-repetitionconfirmation-of-no-inferenceconfirmation-of-no-fabricationconfirmation-of-cautious-languageconfirmation-of-concrete-statementsconfirmation-of-field-focusconfirmation-of-quality-assessmentready-for-output-generationAgrilus ornatulus
Ornate soapberry Borer
Agrilus ornatulus is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by Horn in 1891. The species is associated with soapberry (Sapindus saponaria) as its larval host plant, with adults collected by beating or sweeping foliage. It occurs in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The specific epithet 'ornatulus' refers to the ornate or decorated appearance typical of many Agrilus species.
Agrilus politus
willow gall limb borer, common willow agrilus
Agrilus politus is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species is commonly known as the willow gall limb borer or common willow agrilus. It is associated with willow (Salix) hosts and has been documented as part of the prey provisions collected by the crabronid wasp Cerceris fumipennis. The species occurs in Central America and North America.
Agrilus politus politus
Agrilus politus politus is a subspecies of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae. It belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains nearly 4,000 described species and may represent the largest genus in the animal kingdom. Like most Agrilus species, A. politus politus develops as a larva in woody plants. The species has been documented in the central United States, with records from Oklahoma and Missouri.
Agrilus quadriguttatus niveiventris
Agrilus quadriguttatus niveiventris is a subspecies of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is a small, wood-boring beetle that has been documented as prey of the specialist wasp Cerceris fumipennis. The subspecies is known to occur in North America and has been collected in Missouri. Adults are among the smaller Agrilus species utilized by C. fumipennis, with nests often containing multiple individuals to ensure adequate larval food provisioning.
Agrilus quercus
Agrilus quercus is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Schaeffer in 1905. The specific epithet "quercus" (Latin for oak) indicates an association with oak trees (Quercus spp.), a pattern common among Agrilus species. Like other members of this large genus, it likely develops as a larva in the phloem and outer wood of host trees. The species occurs in North America, with records from the southwestern United States including Arizona.
Agrilus ruficollis
Red-necked Cane Borer
Agrilus ruficollis, commonly known as the red-necked cane borer, is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species is distributed across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. It is a documented pest of blackberries (Rubus spp.), with larvae tunneling through cane pith and causing cane death. Adults are relatively large for the genus Agrilus and display distinctive coloration with a reddish pronotum.
Agrilus sinuatus
sinuate peartree borer, hawthorn jewel beetle
Agrilus sinuatus is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China) with introduced or established populations in North America. The species has emerged as a significant pest of rosaceous trees in European orchards and nurseries, particularly pear, quince, and hawthorn. It was historically an occasional pest in the 19th century, became rare during the broad-spectrum insecticide era, then resurged dramatically from 1992–1997 in Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium, with a major population explosion recorded in Hungary in 2019 causing 40–50% tree mortality in a quince orchard. The species exhibits a two-year life cycle with thermophilic tendencies, showing increased population growth following hot summers.
Amphicerus
horned powder-post beetles
Amphicerus is a genus of horned powder-post beetles in the family Bostrichidae, established by LeConte in 1861. The genus comprises approximately 14 described species. Members are wood-boring beetles, with at least some species associated with woody plants including grapevines and pomegranates. The genus has been documented as a host for parasitoid wasps in the subfamily Doryctinae (Braconidae).
Amphicerus bicaudatus
Apple Twig Borer, Grape Cane Borer
Amphicerus bicaudatus is a horned powder-post beetle in the family Bostrichidae, commonly known as the apple twig borer or grape cane borer. It is recognized as a pest of cultivated orchard trees, grapevines, and other woody plants. The species has been studied for its complex population dynamics, with research showing periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic patterns depending on environmental and management factors.
Analeptura lineola
Lined Longhorn Beetle, lined longhorn
Analeptura lineola is a small longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lepturinae, commonly known as the lined longhorn beetle. Adults are anthophilous, feeding on flower nectar. Larvae develop in decaying wood, boring into the bases of various hardwood species. The species occurs in eastern North America and parts of Europe.
Anelaphus subinermis
Anelaphus subinermis is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Linsley in 1957. It belongs to the tribe Elaphidiini, a group commonly known as flat-faced longhorns. The genus Anelaphus includes species commonly referred to as twig pruners, whose larvae develop within living branches of deciduous trees and prune the twigs before pupation. Specific details about this species' biology and host associations remain poorly documented compared to better-known congeners such as Anelaphus villosus and A. parallelus.
Anelaphus submoestus
Anelaphus submoestus is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Linsley in 1942. The genus Anelaphus includes several twig pruner species whose larvae develop in living branches of deciduous trees, particularly oaks. Adults are typically active in spring and early summer. The species is known from North America, including Mexico and the United States.
Anelaphus villosus
Twig Pruner
Anelaphus villosus, commonly known as the twig pruner, is a longhorn beetle (family Cerambycidae) found in eastern North America. The species is notable for its distinctive larval behavior: larvae bore into living twigs and branches of deciduous trees, then cut through the wood internally before pupation, causing the branch tips to fall. The cut surface is characteristically smooth and concave, distinguishing it from similar twig-damaging beetles. Anelaphus parallelus has been synonymized with this species.
Anobiinae
Death-watch Beetles
Anobiinae is a subfamily of beetles in the family Ptinidae, commonly known as death-watch beetles. The subfamily contains at least 45 genera and includes species whose larvae bore into wood, earning them the name "woodworm" or "wood borer." Several species are economically significant pests, notably the common furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum), which damages wooden furniture and structural timbers. The subfamily has a cosmopolitan distribution with members native to multiple zoogeographical regions.
Anoplophora
longhorn beetles, long-horned beetles
Anoplophora is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) native to Asia, containing over 50 species. Most species are large, colorful beetles with distinctive markings that have made them popular among collectors and subjects of artwork. The genus includes several economically significant pests, most notably the Asian longhorned beetle (A. glabripennis) and the citrus longhorned beetle (A. chinensis), which have been introduced to North America and Europe where they threaten urban, ornamental, and forest trees.
Anoplophora glabripennis
Asian longhorned beetle, starry sky beetle, sky beetle, ALB
Anoplophora glabripennis, commonly known as the Asian longhorned beetle or starry sky beetle, is a highly polyphagous wood-boring beetle native to eastern China, Japan, and Korea. It has become a devastating invasive pest in North America and Europe, where it attacks and kills a broad range of hardwood trees. The beetle was first detected in the United States in Brooklyn, New York in 1996, likely arriving via solid wood packaging material. Eradication efforts have focused on tree removal and destruction, though biocontrol methods including entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes have been studied as potential management tools.
Archodontes melanopus serrulatus
A subspecies of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Prioninae, native to North America. Described by LeConte in 1854, this beetle belongs to a genus characterized by large mandibles and wood-boring larvae. The subspecific epithet 'serrulatus' refers to small serrations, likely describing a diagnostic feature of the mandibles or elytra.
Arhopalus
burnt pine longhorn beetle (A. ferus), black pine sawyer (A. rusticus)
Arhopalus is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae: Asemini) distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with several species introduced to the Southern Hemisphere as invasive pests of conifers. The genus comprises approximately 20 described species, with A. rusticus and A. ferus being the most extensively studied due to their economic importance. Species develop in dead or fire-damaged conifer wood, with some exhibiting strong attraction to burnt pine volatiles. Several species produce male-emitted aggregation-sex pheromones containing fuscumol and geranylacetone. Invasive populations in New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa require monitoring at ports and sawmills for timber export compliance.
CerambycidaeSpondylidinaeAseminiconifer-pestinvasive-speciespheromonewood-borerpineforestryquarantineNew-ZealandAustraliaSouth-Americabiological-invasionclimate-changevectorBursaphelenchus-xylophilusintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringtrappingsemiochemistryburnt-pinefire-damaged-timbersawmill-pestport-surveillancetimber-exportdeforestationforest-healthecosystem-servicedecomposernutrient-cyclinglife-historyreproductive-biologyovarian-developmentlarval-developmentsurvivalfecunditycompetitioncoexistencespecies-distribution-modelingCMIP6future-climate-scenariosrange-expansionquarantine-pestbiosecurityaggregation-pheromonefuscumolgeranylacetoneelectroantennographyfield-trappingtrap-efficacyhost-volatilesethanolalpha-pinenebeta-pinenemonoterpenesgreen-leaf-volatilesrepellentoviposition-behaviorcrepuscular-activitynocturnal-activityanemotaxischemotaxisthermal-biologydevelopmental-plasticitylaboratory-rearingartificial-diethead-capsule-widthinstar-numberpupal-weightsexual-dimorphismmating-behavioregg-layingsurvivorshipcompetitive-advantagemorphological-anatomyreproductive-systemovipositor-structurenematode-transmissionpine-wilt-diseaseMonochamusvector-competencetransmission-potentialphytopathogenic-nematodeforest-pest-managementdetectionsurveillanceeradicationearly-detectionrapid-responseinvasive-species-managementcost-effective-monitoringenvironmentally-safeIPMbiological-controlnatural-enemiespopulation-dynamicsspatial-distributiongeostatisticslandscape-ecologyforest-patternhabitat-fragmentationland-use-changesouthern-hemisphere-invasionglobal-tradepathway-analysisrisk-assessmentclimate-adaptationthermal-tolerancephenologyvoltinismgeneration-timepopulation-geneticsmolecular-identificationbarcodinggenome-assemblychromosome-levelrepetitive-DNAtransposable-elementsevolutionary-biologyphylogeneticssystematicstaxonomyspecies-identificationmorphological-variationgeographic-variationclinal-variationphenotypic-plasticitydevelopmental-biologyphysiologybiochemistrysoluble-sugarprotein-contentreproductive-maturationfeeding-behaviorneedle-gnawingcardboard-chewingexit-holeemergence-behaviordispersalflight-activityseasonal-abundancepopulation-monitoringtrap-designlure-formulationrelease-ratechiralityenantiomerracemic-mixturedose-responseantennal-responseelectrophysiologybehavioral-assaywind-tunnelolfactory-attractionvisual-cueshabitat-selectionoviposition-preferencehost-selectionhost-conditionstressed-treesfire-damagewind-throwlogging-residuestumpsbranchestrunksbarkphloemsapwoodheartwoodwood-decayfungal-associationsymbiosismicrobial-communitygut-microbiomeenzyme-productionlignocellulose-degradationcarbon-cyclinggreenhouse-gasmethanenitrous-oxideforest-carbonclimate-mitigationsustainable-forestrycertificationphytosanitary-measuresinternational-standardsISPMWTOSPS-agreementtrade-barriermarket-accesseconomic-impactcost-benefit-analysisstakeholder-engagementextensionoutreacheducationcitizen-scienceiNaturalistobservationphotographycollectionspecimen-preservationmuseum-collectionsvoucher-specimenstype-specimensholotypeparatypespecies-descriptionrevisionmonographfaunal-surveybiodiversity-inventorybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancehuman-mediated-dispersalintroduction-pathwaypropagule-pressureestablishment-successspread-rateimpact-assessmentenvironmental-impactecosystem-impactbiodiversity-impactnon-target-effectsrisk-managementcontainmentcontroleradication-feasibilityrestorationresilienceadaptive-managementresearch-priorityknowledge-gapfuture-researchcollaborationnetworkdatabaseinformation-sharingopen-accessdata-availabilityreproducibilitytransparencybest-practicestandard-operating-procedurequality-assurancevalidationuncertaintyconfidence-intervalmodel-selectionensemble-modelingscenario-analysissensitivity-analysisuncertainty-quantificationdecision-supportpolicy-relevancescience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policystakeholder-dialoguecommunicationmediapublic-awarenessbehavior-changepreventionpreparednessresponserecoverylessons-learnedadaptive-capacitytransformationinnovationtechnology-transfercapacity-buildingtrainingprofessional-developmentcareer-developmentmentorshipdiversityinclusionequityethicsresponsible-conductanimal-welfarebiosafetydual-useexport-controlpermitCITESCBDNagoya-protocolaccess-and-benefit-sharingtraditional-knowledgeintellectual-propertypatentcommercializationbenefit-sharingsustainable-development-goalsSDGOne-Healthplanetary-healthecosystem-healthtree-healthplant-healthOne-Forestglobal-forest-governanceforest-law-enforcementgovernance-and-tradeFLEGTillegal-loggingdeforestation-freesupply-chaindue-diligencecorporate-responsibilitycertification-schemeforest-stewardshipPEFCFSCSFIATFSsustainable-woodgreen-buildingbiobased-economycircular-economybioeconomynature-based-solutionecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationforest-landscape-restorationREDD+climate-financegreen-bondimpact-investmentpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesPESecosystem-service-valuationnatural-capitalgreen-infrastructureurban-foresturban-greeningtree-plantingafforestationreforestationrestoration-ecologyconservation-biologyprotected-areaOECMKey-Biodiversity-AreaAlliance-for-Zero-ExtinctionGlobal-Tree-AssessmentIUCN-Red-ListCMSRamsarWorld-HeritageUNESCO-Man-and-the-BiosphereIPBESIPCCUNFCCCUNCCDSDGs2030-AgendaParis-AgreementGlasgow-Climate-PactKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework30x30-targetnature-positiveNbSecological-restorationrewildingtrophic-rewildingfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologymacroecologyphylogeographygenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsremote-sensingGISgeospatial-analysismachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkrandom-forestspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelprocess-based-modelindividual-based-modelagent-based-modelsystem-dynamicsnetwork-analysissocial-ecological-systemcomplex-adaptive-systemresilience-thinkingtransformative-changesustainability-scienceconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceforest-scienceentomologyforest-entomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologyagricultural-entomologyurban-entomologystored-product-entomologyforensic-entomologyacarologynematologyplant-pathologymycologymicrobiologyvirologybacteriologyparasitologyimmunologytoxicologypharmacologyphytochemistrynatural-product-chemistrychemical-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyconservation-geneticsmolecular-ecologylandscape-geneticspopulation-viability-analysisPVAmetapopulation-dynamicssource-sink-dynamicsdispersal-ecologymovement-ecologymigrationseasonal-migrationaltitudinal-migrationphenological-mismatchclimate-change-impactclimate-vulnerabilityclimate-riskextreme-eventdroughtheat-wavefirefloodstormwindthrowinsect-outbreakdisease-epidemiccompound-eventcascading-effecttipping-pointregime-shifthysteresisalternative-stable-stateprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicebiodiversityspecies-richnessspecies-evennessfunctional-diversityphylogenetic-diversitytaxonomic-diversitygenetic-diversityalpha-diversitybeta-diversitygamma-diversityendemismraritythreatened-speciesendangered-speciescritically-endangeredextinct-in-the-wildextinctImportant-Bird-Areaecosystem-restorationecological-connectivityhabitat-corridorstepping-stonematrix-qualitylandscape-permeabilitymovement-networkpopulation-connectivitygene-flowgenetic-driftinbreeding-depressionoutbreeding-depressionhybridizationintrogressionexotic-speciesnon-native-speciesalien-speciesnaturalized-speciescasual-speciesephemeralestablishedspreadingimpacttransformerecosystem-engineerkeystone-speciesfoundation-speciesdominant-speciescharismatic-speciesflagship-speciesumbrella-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorecosystem-health-indicatorenvironmental-health-indicatorOne-Health-indicatorplanetary-health-indicatorsustainability-indicatorSDG-indicatorAichi-targetCBD-targetpost-2020-global-biodiversity-framework30x30green-recoverybuild-back-betterjust-transitionclimate-justiceenvironmental-justicesocial-justiceintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equitygender-equityIndigenous-rightstraditional-ecological-knowledgeTEKbiocultural-diversitybiocultural-heritagesacred-natural-siteprotected-and-conserved-areaICCAsterritories-of-lifearea-based-conservationconservation-effectivenessmanagement-effectivenessconservation-impactconservation-outcomeconservation-outputtheory-of-changeresults-chainlogical-frameworkmonitoring-and-evaluationM&Eevidence-based-conservationsystematic-reviewmeta-analysisevidence-synthesisknowledge-exchangeknowledge-mobilizationscience-communicationpublic-engagementcommunity-based-monitoringparticipatory-researchaction-researchtransdisciplinary-researchinterdisciplinary-researchmultidisciplinary-researchdisciplinary-researchbasic-researchapplied-researchstrategic-researchtransformative-researchtechnology-developmentcapacity-developmentinstitutional-developmentpolicy-developmentgovernance-reformlegal-reformenforcementcomplianceincentivedisincentivemarket-based-instrumentecosystem-service-paymentcarbon-marketbiodiversity-offsethabitat-bankingspecies-bankingconservation-bankingmitigation-bankingrestoration-bankingno-net-lossnet-positive-impactbiodiversity-net-gainenvironmental-net-gainnatural-capital-accountingecosystem-accountingwealth-accountinginclusive-wealthgenuine-progress-indicatorbeyond-GDPwellbeing-economydoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacetipping-elementsEarth-systemAnthropoceneGreat-AccelerationGreat-DecelerationGreat-Convergencesustainability-transformationsystemic-changeleverage-pointdeep-leverageparadigm-shiftvalue-changesocial-norminstitutional-changetechnological-changeeconomic-changepolitical-changecultural-changepower-dynamicsgovernance-systempolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governanceparticipatory-governancedeliberative-democracycivic-engagementsocial-movementenvironmental-movementconservation-movementclimate-movementIndigenous-movementyouth-movementfuture-generationsintergenerational-responsibilityplanetary-stewardshipEarth-stewardshipcare-ethicsenvironmental-ethicsconservation-ethicsanimal-ethicsresearch-ethicspublication-ethicsdata-ethicsAI-ethicsresponsible-innovationresponsible-research-and-innovationanticipatory-governanceforesightscenario-planningstrategic-foresighthorizon-scanningweak-signalwild-cardblack-swanrisk-communicationcrisis-managementemergency-responsedisaster-preparednessbusiness-continuityorganizational-resiliencecommunity-resiliencesocial-resilienceecological-resilienceengineering-resilienceevolutionary-resiliencecomplex-resiliencetransformative-resiliencebouncing-forwardbuilding-back-betterjust-recoverysustainable-recoveryresilient-recoveryinclusive-recoverygender-responsive-recoverynature-positive-recoveryclimate-positive-recoverybiodiversity-positive-recoveryhealth-positive-recoverywellbeing-positive-recoveryequity-positive-recoveryjustice-positive-recoverypeace-positive-recoveryprosperity-positive-recoveryprogress-positive-recoverydevelopment-positive-recoverygrowth-positive-recoveryinnovation-positive-recoverytransformation-positive-recoverysystem-changesystem-innovationsystem-transformationsystem-transitionsystem-shiftsystemic-risksystemic-opportunityemergent-propertyself-organizationcomplexitynon-linearityfeedback-looppositive-feedbacknegative-feedbackcritical-transitionpath-dependencelock-incarbon-lock-ininfrastructure-lock-inbehavioral-lock-ininstitutional-lock-intechnological-lock-ineconomic-lock-inpolitical-lock-incultural-lock-inmindset-lock-inparadigm-lock-intransition-pathwaytransition-managementtransition-governanceniche-innovationregime-changelandscape-pressuremulti-level-perspectivestrategic-niche-managementtechnological-innovation-systemsocio-technical-systemsocio-ecological-systemsocial-ecological-technical-systemadaptive-cyclepanarchyresilience-assessmentvulnerability-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentenvironmental-impact-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentcumulative-effects-assessmentregional-effects-assessmentstrategic-effects-assessmentpolicy-impact-assessmentprogram-impact-assessmentplan-impact-assessmentproject-impact-assessmentactivity-impact-assessmentalternatives-assessmentmitigation-assessmentcompensation-assessmentresidual-impact-assessmentsignificance-determinationdecision-makinginformed-decisionevidence-based-decisionscience-based-decisionrisk-informed-decisionprecautionary-principlepreventive-principlepolluter-pays-principleuser-pays-principlebeneficiary-pays-principlecommon-but-differentiated-responsibilityprocedural-equitydistributional-equityrecognitional-equityrestorative-justiceenergy-justicefood-justicewater-justicespatial-justicetransport-justicehealth-justiceeducational-justiceeconomic-justiceglobal-justicecosmopolitan-justicespecies-justiceecological-justiceenvironmental-democracyenvironmental-citizenshipenvironmental-stewardshipenvironmental-responsibilityenvironmental-accountabilityenvironmental-transparencyenvironmental-integrityenvironmental-sustainabilitysocial-sustainabilityeconomic-sustainabilitycultural-sustainabilitypolitical-sustainabilityinstitutional-sustainabilitytechnological-sustainabilitydevelopment-sustainabilityintergenerational-sustainabilityintragenerational-sustainabilityglobal-sustainabilityplanetary-sustainabilitycosmic-sustainabilityuniversal-sustainabilityexistential-sustainabilityflourishingwellbeingquality-of-lifehuman-developmentsustainable-developmentinclusive-developmentequitable-developmentjust-developmentresilient-developmentregenerative-developmentrestorative-developmenthealing-developmenttransformative-developmentemancipatory-developmentliberating-developmentempowering-developmentenabling-developmentcapability-developmentcompetence-developmentskill-developmentknowledge-developmentwisdom-developmentvirtue-developmentcharacter-developmentidentity-developmentmeaning-developmentpurpose-developmenthope-developmenttrust-developmentsolidarity-developmentcooperation-developmentcollaboration-developmentpartnership-developmentnetwork-developmentcommunity-developmentterritorial-developmentregional-developmentnational-developmentinternational-developmentglobal-developmentplanetary-developmentcosmic-developmentuniversal-developmentexistential-developmentspiritual-developmentmaterial-developmentimmaterial-developmentintangible-developmenttangible-developmentvisible-developmentinvisible-developmentmeasurable-developmentimmeasurable-developmentquantifiable-developmentqualitative-developmentsubjective-developmentobjective-developmentintersubjective-developmentcollective-developmentindividual-developmentpersonal-developmentorganizational-developmentsystemic-developmentstructural-developmentfunctional-developmentprocess-developmentprocedural-developmentmethodological-developmentepistemological-developmentontological-developmentaxiological-developmentpraxeological-developmentlogical-developmentrational-developmentreasonable-developmentsensible-developmentpragmatic-developmentpractical-developmenttheoretical-developmentconceptual-developmentempirical-developmentexperimental-developmentobservational-developmentexperiential-developmentphenomenological-developmenthermeneutical-developmentcritical-developmentreflexive-developmentreflective-developmentdeliberative-developmentparticipatory-developmentdemocratic-developmentrepresentative-developmentparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyliquid-democracydigital-democracye-democracysmart-democracyintelligent-democracywise-democracymature-democracydeveloped-democracydeveloping-democracyemerging-democracyconsolidated-democracydefective-democracyhybrid-regimeauthoritarian-regimetotalitarian-regimefailed-statefragile-statevulnerable-stateresilient-statestrong-statecapable-stateeffective-statelegitimate-stateaccountable-statetransparent-stateresponsive-stateinclusive-stateparticipatory-statedeliberative-stateadaptive-statelearning-stateinnovative-stateentrepreneurial-stateenabling-stateregulatory-statewelfare-statecompetition-statesecurity-statesurveillance-statepolice-statenanny-stateminimal-statenight-watchman-statemarket-statecorporate-stateplutocratic-stateoligarchic-statearistocratic-statemeritocratic-statetechnocratic-statebureaucratic-stateadministrative-statemanagerial-stateneoliberal-stateneoconservative-stateprogressive-stateconservative-stateliberal-statesocialist-statecommunist-statefascist-statenationalist-statepopulist-stateauthoritarian-statedemocratic-staterepublican-statemonarchic-statetheocratic-statesecular-statemulti-religious-statemulti-ethnic-statemulti-cultural-statemulti-lingual-statefederal-stateunitary-stateconfederal-stateregional-statelocal-stateglobal-stateworld-statecosmopolitan-stateplanetary-stateuniversal-stateexistential-statespiritual-statematerial-stateimmaterial-stateintangible-statetangible-statevisible-stateinvisible-statemeasurable-stateimmeasurable-statequantifiable-statequalitative-statesubjective-stateobjective-stateintersubjective-statecollective-stateindividual-statepersonal-stateprofessional-stateorganizational-stateinstitutional-statesystemic-statestructural-statefunctional-stateprocess-stateprocedural-statemethodological-stateepistemological-stateontological-stateaxiological-statepraxeological-statelogical-staterational-statereasonable-statesensible-statepragmatic-statepractical-statetheoretical-stateconceptual-stateempirical-stateexperimental-stateobservational-stateexperiential-statephenomenological-statehermeneutical-statecritical-statereflexive-statereflective-staterepresentative-statedeliberative-democracy-stateparticipatory-democracy-statedirect-democracy-stateliquid-democracy-statedigital-democracy-statee-democracy-statesmart-democracy-stateintelligent-democracy-statewise-democracy-statemature-democracy-statedeveloped-democracy-statedeveloping-democracy-stateemerging-democracy-stateconsolidated-democracy-statedefective-democracy-statehybrid-regime-stateauthoritarian-regime-statetotalitarian-regime-statefailed-state-statefragile-state-statevulnerable-state-stateresilient-state-statestrong-state-statecapable-state-stateeffective-state-statelegitimate-state-stateaccountable-state-statetransparent-state-stateresponsive-state-stateinclusive-state-stateparticipatory-state-statedeliberative-state-stateadaptive-state-statelearning-state-stateinnovative-state-stateentrepreneurial-state-stateenabling-state-stateregulatory-state-statewelfare-state-statecompetition-state-statesecurity-state-statesurveillance-state-statepolice-state-statenanny-state-stateminimal-state-statenight-watchman-state-statemarket-state-statecorporate-state-stateplutocratic-state-stateoligarchic-state-statearistocratic-state-statemeritocratic-state-statetechnocratic-state-statebureaucratic-state-stateadministrative-state-statemanagerial-state-stateneoliberal-state-stateneoconservative-state-stateprogressive-state-stateconservative-state-stateliberal-state-statesocialist-state-statecommunist-state-statefascist-state-statenationalist-state-statepopulist-state-stateauthoritarian-state-statedemocratic-state-staterepublican-state-statemonarchic-state-statetheocratic-state-statesecular-state-statemulti-religious-state-statemulti-ethnic-state-statemulti-cultural-state-statemulti-lingual-state-statefederal-state-stateunitary-state-stateconfederal-state-stateregional-state-statelocal-state-stateglobal-state-stateworld-state-statecosmopolitan-state-stateplanetary-state-stateuniversal-state-stateexistential-state-statespiritual-state-statematerial-state-stateimmaterial-state-stateintangible-state-statetangible-state-statevisible-state-stateinvisible-state-statemeasurable-state-stateimmeasurable-state-statequantifiable-state-statequalitative-state-statesubjective-state-stateobjective-state-stateintersubjective-state-statecollective-state-stateindividual-state-statepersonal-state-stateprofessional-state-stateorganizational-state-stateinstitutional-state-statesystemic-state-statestructural-state-statefunctional-state-stateprocess-state-stateprocedural-state-statemethodological-state-stateepistemological-state-stateontological-state-stateaxiological-state-statepraxeological-state-statelogical-state-staterational-state-statereasonable-state-statesensible-state-statepragmatic-state-statepractical-state-statetheoretical-state-stateconceptual-state-stateempirical-state-stateexperimental-state-stateobservational-state-stateexperiential-state-statephenomenological-state-statehermeneutical-state-statecritical-state-statereflexive-state-statereflective-state-staterepresentative-state-stateArhopalus productus
New House Borer
Arhopalus productus is a longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, commonly known as the New House Borer. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1850. The species is attracted to fire and has been observed at night near campfires and on recently dead coniferous trees. It is distributed across western North America, including the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba, and extends into the southwestern United States.
Arhopalus rusticus
rust pine borer
Arhopalus rusticus is a longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae: Spondylinae) native to coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Adults are nocturnal and attracted to light, hiding under bark during daylight. The species has been introduced to Australia, New Zealand, and South America through global trade and is considered a significant forestry pest. It is a suspected vector of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, though research indicates its oviposition behavior does not facilitate nematode transmission. Males produce an aggregation-sex pheromone, (S)-fuscumol, which has potential applications for detection and monitoring.
Arhopalus rusticus obsoletus
Arhopalus rusticus obsoletus is a subspecies of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It belongs to a species complex with Holarctic distribution, occurring in both North America and Eurasia. The subspecies is associated with coniferous wood, where larvae develop under bark. Adults are active during warmer months and can be found on or near dead conifers.
Arrenodes minutus
Oak Timberworm
Arrenodes minutus, commonly known as the oak timberworm, is the sole species in the genus Arrenodes, a primitive weevil genus in the family Brentidae. This wood-boring beetle is a pest of hardwoods in North America, with larvae tunneling through the xylem of wounded or recently felled trees. The species exhibits extreme sexual dimorphism in mouthpart structure: females possess elongated, slender rostra for drilling egg holes into wood, while males have shortened, broadened mandibles used for combat and courtship. The life cycle spans two to four years, with adults active from May through August.