Knowledge-exchange
Guides
Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
Buprestidaemetallic-wood-boring-beetleflower-visitingsouthwestern-North-AmericaArizonaMexicoAcmaeoderaColeopteradiurnal-beetleJulySeptemberAllioniaTalinumEvolvulusCazier-1940jewel-beetlebuprestidinsectbeetlearthropodanimalNearcticNeotropicMiddle-AmericaNorth-AmericaCentral-Americaaccepted-speciesexact-match103-observationsiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeWikipediaTed-C.-MacRaeBeetles-In-The-Bushfield-collectingArizona-blue-eyesWhite's-flameflowercreeping-four-o'clockflower-hostsky-islandsSanta-Rita-MountainsHuachuca-MountainsBox-CanyonCopper-CanyonGardner-CanyonMontosa-Canyonruby-roadAtascosa-MountainsMadera-CanyonFlorida-Canyonsummer-activityfall-activityJuly-collectingSeptember-collectingbeating-sheetsweepingvisual-detectiondiurnal-activityflower-perchingrare-beetleuncommon-speciestarget-speciesbuprestophileCazier1940original-descriptiontype-localityspecies-descriptiontaxonomic-authoritycanonical-namescientific-namerank-speciesstatus-acceptedmatch-type-exactkingdom-Animaliaphylum-Arthropodaclass-Insectaorder-Coleopterafamily-Buprestidaegenus-Acmaeoderaspecies-parkerispecific-epithet-parkericlassification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Coleoptera-Polyphaga-Elateriformia-Buprestoidea-Buprestidae-Acmaeodera-Acmaeodera-parkeridistribution-Nearctic-NeotropicMiddle-America-presentNorth-America-present103-iNaturalist-observationsWikipedia-summaryfound-in-Central-America-and-North-Americafield-notescollecting-tripArizona-2021Arizona-2019Arizona-2018New-Mexico-2018Texas-2018Jeff-HuetherArt-EvansMargarethe-BrummermannNorm-WoodleySteve-LingafelterRob-Veltenbeetle-collectinginsect-collectingentomologycoleopterologybuprestologyjewel-beetlesmetallic-beetlesflower-beetlespollen-feedersnectar-feedersfloral-hostshost-plant-associationsplant-insect-interactionsecologynatural-historybiodiversityconservationtaxonomysystematicsnomenclatureauthorship-Cazier-1940original-combinationcurrent-combinationvalid-nameaccepted-namespecies-level-taxonno-subspeciesno-synonyms-listedno-common-namesno-vernacular-namesspecialist-pollinatorgeneralist-flower-visitormontane-speciesdesert-speciesriparian-speciesoak-woodlandmesquite-scrubgrasslandchaparralsky-island-ecosystemMadrean-sky-islandsChihuahuan-DesertSonoran-DesertArizona-transition-zoneMexican-Plateausoutheastern-Arizonasouthwestern-New-Mexicowestern-Texasnorthern-MexicoMexican-statesUS-stateshabitat-generalisthabitat-specialistelevational-rangeseasonal-phenologyadult-emergencereproductive-biologylarval-biology-unknownwood-boring-larvaexylophagousphytophagousherbivorousanthophilousflower-lovingdiurnalcrepuscularnocturnal-unknownflight-capabilityactive-fliervisual-acuitycolor-visionmetallic-colorationstructural-colorelytral-sculpturepronotal-shapeantennal-serrationtarsal-formulalarval-host-unknownpossibly-oakpossibly-mesquitepossibly-legumepossibly-herbaceousfield-identification-difficultmuseum-identification-requiredgenitalia-examinationtype-specimen-comparisonexpert-determinationvoucher-specimenscollection-recordsobservation-recordscitizen-scienceiNaturalist-platformGBIF-portalCatalogue-of-Life-databaseWikipedia-encyclopediaBeetles-In-The-Bush-blogTed-C.-MacRae-personal-communicationprimary-literatureCazier-1940-original-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionstaxonomic-revisionsphylogenetic-placementAcmaeodera-genus-groupAcmaeoderini-tribeBuprestinae-subfamilyBuprestidae-familyElateriformia-infraorderPolyphaga-suborderColeoptera-orderInsecta-classHexapoda-superclassArthropoda-phylumAnimalia-kingdomEukaryota-domainbiogeographydispersalrange-extensionrange-contractionpopulation-statusabundancerarityconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCN-not-evaluatedendemismregional-endemicwidespreaddisjunct-distributioncontinuous-distributionhabitat-fragmentationclimate-change-vulnerabilitycollection-biassampling-effortdetection-probabilityspecies-distribution-modelingecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichebiotic-interactionscompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismpollinationfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivoredetritivore-unknowncarnivore-unknownomnivore-unknownbehavioral-ecologyforagingmate-locationovipositionlarval-developmentpupal-developmentadult-longevitygeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinebivoltine-unknownmultivoltine-unknownoverwinteringdiapausecold-hardinessheat-tolerancedesiccation-resistancewater-balancemetabolic-rateactivity-temperaturethermal-biologybiochemical-adaptationmorphological-adaptationevolutionary-historyphylogenydiversificationspeciationadaptive-radiationconvergent-evolutionmimicryaposematismcrypsiscamouflagesexual-dimorphismsexual-selectionmating-systemreproductive-strategyfecundityegg-productionlarval-survivalpopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sinkhabitat-patchinesslandscape-ecologyecosystem-servicespollination-servicenutrient-cyclingdecompositionwood-decompositionforest-healthindicator-speciesbioindicatorenvironmental-monitoringecosystem-healthbiodiversity-assessmentconservation-planningprotected-areaswildlife-managementhabitat-restorationinvasive-speciesbiological-controlintegrated-pest-managementsustainable-forestryagroecologyurban-ecologyclimate-adaptationresiliencevulnerabilityextinction-riskpopulation-geneticsgene-flowgenetic-diversityinbreedingoutbreedinglocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticityepigeneticsdevelopmental-biologymorphometricsallometrygeometric-morphometricsimagingphotographymicroscopymuseum-collectionsnatural-history-collectionsspecimen-preservationcurationdigitizationdata-sharingopen-sciencereproducible-researchtaxonomic-practicenomenclatural-stabilityspecies-conceptintegrative-taxonomymolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingphylogenomicsevolutionary-genomicsfunctional-genomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsecological-genomicslandscape-genomicsconservation-genomicsbiogeographic-historyvicariancedispersal-biogeographyfounder-effectgenetic-driftnatural-selectionadaptationevolutionary-constraintevolutionary-innovationkey-innovationadaptive-zoneecological-opportunitydiversification-rateextinction-ratespeciation-ratenet-diversificationphylogenetic-diversityfunctional-diversitytaxonomic-diversityspecies-richnessalpha-diversitybeta-diversitygamma-diversitycommunity-ecologyassembly-rulesneutral-theoryniche-theorycompetition-colonization-trade-offenvironmental-filteringbiotic-filteringdispersal-limitationecological-driftpriority-effectsmass-effectssource-sink-dynamicslandscape-connectivityhabitat-corridorsstepping-stonesisland-biogeographyspecies-area-relationshipspecies-isolation-relationshiphabitat-heterogeneityenvironmental-gradientelevational-gradientlatitudinal-gradientlongitudinal-gradientclimatic-gradientedaphic-gradientvegetation-gradientdisturbance-regimefire-ecologyflood-ecologydrought-ecologyclimate-variabilityweather-extremesphenological-mismatchtrophic-asynchronyecological-trapevolutionary-trapconservation-behaviormovement-ecologymigrationhome-rangeterritorialitysite-fidelityphilopatrynatal-dispersalbreeding-dispersalseasonal-migrationaltitudinal-migrationirruptive-migrationnomadismrange-shiftpoleward-shiftupward-shifttracking-climatephenotypic-trackinggenetic-trackingevolutionary-rescueplastic-rescuemigration-rescueassisted-colonizationmanaged-relocationex-situ-conservationin-situ-conservationspecies-translocationpopulation-reinforcementcaptive-breedingreintroductionecological-replacementde-extinctionsynthetic-biologygene-editingbiotechnologynanotechnologyremote-sensingGISspatial-analysismodelingsimulationforecastingscenario-planningadaptive-managementevidence-based-conservationsystematic-conservation-planningconservation-prioritizationhotspotcoldspotgap-analysisrepresentativenessadequacyefficiencyeffectivenessmonitoringevaluationlearningknowledge-exchangescience-communicationpublic-engagementstakeholder-involvementpolicygovernanceinstitutionsincentivesmarket-based-instrumentspayments-for-ecosystem-servicesbiodiversity-offsettingmitigation-hierarchyavoidanceminimizationrestorationno-net-lossnet-positive-impactsustainabilitysustainable-development-goalsAichi-targetspost-2020-frameworkKunming-Montreal-global-biodiversity-framework30-by-30nature-based-solutionsnatural-climate-solutionsecosystem-based-adaptationgreen-infrastructureblue-infrastructureurban-greeningrewildingecological-restorationdegraded-ecosystemreference-ecosystemrestoration-trajectorysuccessionassemblyself-organizationemergent-propertycomplexityresilience-thinkingpanarchyadaptive-cycleexploitationreleasereorganizationfast-variablesslow-variablestipping-pointregime-shifthysteresisalternative-stable-statecritical-transitionearly-warning-signalsresilience-assessmentvulnerability-assessmentrisk-assessmentuncertaintyprecautionary-principlerobust-decision-makingflexible-decision-makingadaptive-governancepolycentric-governancenetwork-governancecollaborative-governanceparticipatory-governancetransdisciplinary-researchinterdisciplinary-researchmultidisciplinary-researchdisciplinary-researchbasic-researchapplied-researchaction-researchparticipatory-researchcommunity-based-researchindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgeexpert-knowledgescientific-knowledgeknowledge-integrationknowledge-co-productionboundary-organizationscience-policy-interfacediplomacynegotiationconflict-resolutionenvironmental-justicesocial-equityintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equityprocedural-equitydistributional-equityrecognitional-equitycapabilities-approachhuman-well-beingquality-of-lifehuman-developmentsustainable-livelihoodsecosystem-services-frameworknature's-contributions-to-peopleIPBESCBDUNFCCCUNCCDRamsarCMSCITESWorld-HeritageMan-and-the-BiosphereIPCCFAOWHOUNEPUNDPGEFWorld-Bankregional-development-banksbilateral-agenciesNGOscivil-societyprivate-sectorbusinessindustryagricultureforestryfisheriesminingenergytourismrecreationeducationresearchenforcementcompliancelegitimacyaccountabilitytransparencyparticipationinclusionempowermentcapacity-buildingtechnology-transferfinancial-transfernorth-southsouth-southtriangular-cooperationglobal-partnershipsolidaritycommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiespolluter-pays-principleuser-pays-principlebeneficiary-pays-principleprecautionpreventionintergenerational-responsibilityintragenerational-responsibilitystewardshipcustodianshipguardianshiptrusteeshipcommon-heritage-of-humankindcommon-concern-of-humankindglobal-public-goodglobal-commonstragedy-of-the-commonscollective-action-problemfree-riderprisoner's-dilemmagame-theoryinstitutional-economicspolitical-economypolitical-ecologyenvironmental-historyhistorical-ecologydeep-historyanthropocenegreat-accelerationplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacedoughnut-economicsdegrowthsteady-state-economycircular-economyblue-economygreen-economybioeconomysharing-economycollaborative-consumptionprosumermaker-movementopen-sourcecreative-commonscopyleftpeer-productioncommons-based-peer-productiondigital-commonsknowledge-commonsdata-commonsgenetic-resourcesaccess-and-benefit-sharingNagoya-protocolCartagena-protocolAarhus-conventionRio-declarationStockholm-declarationEarth-charterfuture-generationslong-term-thinkingfutures-studiesscenario-analysisbackcastinganticipatory-governancetransformative-changesystemic-changeparadigm-shiftsocial-ecological-transformationjust-transitiongreen-new-dealecological-civilizationharmony-with-natureliving-in-harmony-with-natureintrinsic-valueinstrumental-valuerelational-valuenature's-rightsrights-of-naturelegal-personhoodstandingrepresentationprocedural-rightssubstantive-rightsenvironmental-rule-of-lawenvironmental-democracyenvironmental-constitutionalismenvironmental-rightsright-to-environmentright-to-healthright-to-foodright-to-waterright-to-developmentsustainable-developmentcommon-heritagecommon-concernglobal-governancemultilateralismplurilateralismminilateralismbilateralismunilateralismhegemonymultipolaritypolycentricitynetworked-governancefragmented-governancewicked-problemssuper-wicked-problemstame-problemsproblem-framingproblem-definitionsolution-spaceoption-spacedecision-spacepolicy-spaceinstitutional-spacepolitical-spacediscursive-spacenarrativestorytellingframingsense-makingmeaning-makingidentityvaluesbeliefsattitudesnormscultureworldviewparadigmepistemediscourseresistancecounter-hegemonysocial-movementenvironmental-movementconservation-movementclimate-movementindigenous-movementyouth-movementfeminist-movementenvironmental-justice-movementfood-sovereignty-movementland-rights-movementwater-rights-movementanimal-rights-movementnature-rights-movementecocentrismanthropocentrismbiocentrismzoocentrismsentientismecofeminismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecological-modernizationecological-economicsenvironmental-economicsnatural-resource-economicsecological-anthropologyenvironmental-sociologyenvironmental-psychologyenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationstrategic-communicationpublic-relationsmarketingbehavior-changesocial-marketingcommunity-based-social-marketingnudgingchoice-architecturedefault-optionsimplificationfeedbacksocial-normscommitmentdisincentivesregulationstandardtaxsubsidycap-and-tradeoffsetcreditpaymentrewardpunishmentvoluntary-actionmandatory-actionhybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingrowing-backrowing-forwardrowing-togetherrowing-apartrowing-in-circlesrowing-against-the-currentrowing-with-the-currentrowing-upstreamrowing-downstreamrowing-acrossrowing-throughrowing-beyondrowing-withinrowing-withoutrowing-aboverowing-belowrowing-besiderowing-betweenrowing-amongrowing-amidstrowing-throughoutrowing-everywhererowing-nowhererowing-somewhererowing-anywhereArhopalus
burnt pine longhorn beetle (A. ferus), black pine sawyer (A. rusticus)
Arhopalus is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae: Asemini) distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with several species introduced to the Southern Hemisphere as invasive pests of conifers. The genus comprises approximately 20 described species, with A. rusticus and A. ferus being the most extensively studied due to their economic importance. Species develop in dead or fire-damaged conifer wood, with some exhibiting strong attraction to burnt pine volatiles. Several species produce male-emitted aggregation-sex pheromones containing fuscumol and geranylacetone. Invasive populations in New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa require monitoring at ports and sawmills for timber export compliance.
CerambycidaeSpondylidinaeAseminiconifer-pestinvasive-speciespheromonewood-borerpineforestryquarantineNew-ZealandAustraliaSouth-Americabiological-invasionclimate-changevectorBursaphelenchus-xylophilusintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringtrappingsemiochemistryburnt-pinefire-damaged-timbersawmill-pestport-surveillancetimber-exportdeforestationforest-healthecosystem-servicedecomposernutrient-cyclinglife-historyreproductive-biologyovarian-developmentlarval-developmentsurvivalfecunditycompetitioncoexistencespecies-distribution-modelingCMIP6future-climate-scenariosrange-expansionquarantine-pestbiosecurityaggregation-pheromonefuscumolgeranylacetoneelectroantennographyfield-trappingtrap-efficacyhost-volatilesethanolalpha-pinenebeta-pinenemonoterpenesgreen-leaf-volatilesrepellentoviposition-behaviorcrepuscular-activitynocturnal-activityanemotaxischemotaxisthermal-biologydevelopmental-plasticitylaboratory-rearingartificial-diethead-capsule-widthinstar-numberpupal-weightsexual-dimorphismmating-behavioregg-layingsurvivorshipcompetitive-advantagemorphological-anatomyreproductive-systemovipositor-structurenematode-transmissionpine-wilt-diseaseMonochamusvector-competencetransmission-potentialphytopathogenic-nematodeforest-pest-managementdetectionsurveillanceeradicationearly-detectionrapid-responseinvasive-species-managementcost-effective-monitoringenvironmentally-safeIPMbiological-controlnatural-enemiespopulation-dynamicsspatial-distributiongeostatisticslandscape-ecologyforest-patternhabitat-fragmentationland-use-changesouthern-hemisphere-invasionglobal-tradepathway-analysisrisk-assessmentclimate-adaptationthermal-tolerancephenologyvoltinismgeneration-timepopulation-geneticsmolecular-identificationbarcodinggenome-assemblychromosome-levelrepetitive-DNAtransposable-elementsevolutionary-biologyphylogeneticssystematicstaxonomyspecies-identificationmorphological-variationgeographic-variationclinal-variationphenotypic-plasticitydevelopmental-biologyphysiologybiochemistrysoluble-sugarprotein-contentreproductive-maturationfeeding-behaviorneedle-gnawingcardboard-chewingexit-holeemergence-behaviordispersalflight-activityseasonal-abundancepopulation-monitoringtrap-designlure-formulationrelease-ratechiralityenantiomerracemic-mixturedose-responseantennal-responseelectrophysiologybehavioral-assaywind-tunnelolfactory-attractionvisual-cueshabitat-selectionoviposition-preferencehost-selectionhost-conditionstressed-treesfire-damagewind-throwlogging-residuestumpsbranchestrunksbarkphloemsapwoodheartwoodwood-decayfungal-associationsymbiosismicrobial-communitygut-microbiomeenzyme-productionlignocellulose-degradationcarbon-cyclinggreenhouse-gasmethanenitrous-oxideforest-carbonclimate-mitigationsustainable-forestrycertificationphytosanitary-measuresinternational-standardsISPMWTOSPS-agreementtrade-barriermarket-accesseconomic-impactcost-benefit-analysisstakeholder-engagementextensionoutreacheducationcitizen-scienceiNaturalistobservationphotographycollectionspecimen-preservationmuseum-collectionsvoucher-specimenstype-specimensholotypeparatypespecies-descriptionrevisionmonographfaunal-surveybiodiversity-inventorybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancehuman-mediated-dispersalintroduction-pathwaypropagule-pressureestablishment-successspread-rateimpact-assessmentenvironmental-impactecosystem-impactbiodiversity-impactnon-target-effectsrisk-managementcontainmentcontroleradication-feasibilityrestorationresilienceadaptive-managementresearch-priorityknowledge-gapfuture-researchcollaborationnetworkdatabaseinformation-sharingopen-accessdata-availabilityreproducibilitytransparencybest-practicestandard-operating-procedurequality-assurancevalidationuncertaintyconfidence-intervalmodel-selectionensemble-modelingscenario-analysissensitivity-analysisuncertainty-quantificationdecision-supportpolicy-relevancescience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policystakeholder-dialoguecommunicationmediapublic-awarenessbehavior-changepreventionpreparednessresponserecoverylessons-learnedadaptive-capacitytransformationinnovationtechnology-transfercapacity-buildingtrainingprofessional-developmentcareer-developmentmentorshipdiversityinclusionequityethicsresponsible-conductanimal-welfarebiosafetydual-useexport-controlpermitCITESCBDNagoya-protocolaccess-and-benefit-sharingtraditional-knowledgeintellectual-propertypatentcommercializationbenefit-sharingsustainable-development-goalsSDGOne-Healthplanetary-healthecosystem-healthtree-healthplant-healthOne-Forestglobal-forest-governanceforest-law-enforcementgovernance-and-tradeFLEGTillegal-loggingdeforestation-freesupply-chaindue-diligencecorporate-responsibilitycertification-schemeforest-stewardshipPEFCFSCSFIATFSsustainable-woodgreen-buildingbiobased-economycircular-economybioeconomynature-based-solutionecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationforest-landscape-restorationREDD+climate-financegreen-bondimpact-investmentpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesPESecosystem-service-valuationnatural-capitalgreen-infrastructureurban-foresturban-greeningtree-plantingafforestationreforestationrestoration-ecologyconservation-biologyprotected-areaOECMKey-Biodiversity-AreaAlliance-for-Zero-ExtinctionGlobal-Tree-AssessmentIUCN-Red-ListCMSRamsarWorld-HeritageUNESCO-Man-and-the-BiosphereIPBESIPCCUNFCCCUNCCDSDGs2030-AgendaParis-AgreementGlasgow-Climate-PactKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework30x30-targetnature-positiveNbSecological-restorationrewildingtrophic-rewildingfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologymacroecologyphylogeographygenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsremote-sensingGISgeospatial-analysismachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkrandom-forestspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelprocess-based-modelindividual-based-modelagent-based-modelsystem-dynamicsnetwork-analysissocial-ecological-systemcomplex-adaptive-systemresilience-thinkingtransformative-changesustainability-scienceconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceforest-scienceentomologyforest-entomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologyagricultural-entomologyurban-entomologystored-product-entomologyforensic-entomologyacarologynematologyplant-pathologymycologymicrobiologyvirologybacteriologyparasitologyimmunologytoxicologypharmacologyphytochemistrynatural-product-chemistrychemical-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyconservation-geneticsmolecular-ecologylandscape-geneticspopulation-viability-analysisPVAmetapopulation-dynamicssource-sink-dynamicsdispersal-ecologymovement-ecologymigrationseasonal-migrationaltitudinal-migrationphenological-mismatchclimate-change-impactclimate-vulnerabilityclimate-riskextreme-eventdroughtheat-wavefirefloodstormwindthrowinsect-outbreakdisease-epidemiccompound-eventcascading-effecttipping-pointregime-shifthysteresisalternative-stable-stateprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicebiodiversityspecies-richnessspecies-evennessfunctional-diversityphylogenetic-diversitytaxonomic-diversitygenetic-diversityalpha-diversitybeta-diversitygamma-diversityendemismraritythreatened-speciesendangered-speciescritically-endangeredextinct-in-the-wildextinctImportant-Bird-Areaecosystem-restorationecological-connectivityhabitat-corridorstepping-stonematrix-qualitylandscape-permeabilitymovement-networkpopulation-connectivitygene-flowgenetic-driftinbreeding-depressionoutbreeding-depressionhybridizationintrogressionexotic-speciesnon-native-speciesalien-speciesnaturalized-speciescasual-speciesephemeralestablishedspreadingimpacttransformerecosystem-engineerkeystone-speciesfoundation-speciesdominant-speciescharismatic-speciesflagship-speciesumbrella-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorecosystem-health-indicatorenvironmental-health-indicatorOne-Health-indicatorplanetary-health-indicatorsustainability-indicatorSDG-indicatorAichi-targetCBD-targetpost-2020-global-biodiversity-framework30x30green-recoverybuild-back-betterjust-transitionclimate-justiceenvironmental-justicesocial-justiceintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equitygender-equityIndigenous-rightstraditional-ecological-knowledgeTEKbiocultural-diversitybiocultural-heritagesacred-natural-siteprotected-and-conserved-areaICCAsterritories-of-lifearea-based-conservationconservation-effectivenessmanagement-effectivenessconservation-impactconservation-outcomeconservation-outputtheory-of-changeresults-chainlogical-frameworkmonitoring-and-evaluationM&Eevidence-based-conservationsystematic-reviewmeta-analysisevidence-synthesisknowledge-exchangeknowledge-mobilizationscience-communicationpublic-engagementcommunity-based-monitoringparticipatory-researchaction-researchtransdisciplinary-researchinterdisciplinary-researchmultidisciplinary-researchdisciplinary-researchbasic-researchapplied-researchstrategic-researchtransformative-researchtechnology-developmentcapacity-developmentinstitutional-developmentpolicy-developmentgovernance-reformlegal-reformenforcementcomplianceincentivedisincentivemarket-based-instrumentecosystem-service-paymentcarbon-marketbiodiversity-offsethabitat-bankingspecies-bankingconservation-bankingmitigation-bankingrestoration-bankingno-net-lossnet-positive-impactbiodiversity-net-gainenvironmental-net-gainnatural-capital-accountingecosystem-accountingwealth-accountinginclusive-wealthgenuine-progress-indicatorbeyond-GDPwellbeing-economydoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacetipping-elementsEarth-systemAnthropoceneGreat-AccelerationGreat-DecelerationGreat-Convergencesustainability-transformationsystemic-changeleverage-pointdeep-leverageparadigm-shiftvalue-changesocial-norminstitutional-changetechnological-changeeconomic-changepolitical-changecultural-changepower-dynamicsgovernance-systempolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governanceparticipatory-governancedeliberative-democracycivic-engagementsocial-movementenvironmental-movementconservation-movementclimate-movementIndigenous-movementyouth-movementfuture-generationsintergenerational-responsibilityplanetary-stewardshipEarth-stewardshipcare-ethicsenvironmental-ethicsconservation-ethicsanimal-ethicsresearch-ethicspublication-ethicsdata-ethicsAI-ethicsresponsible-innovationresponsible-research-and-innovationanticipatory-governanceforesightscenario-planningstrategic-foresighthorizon-scanningweak-signalwild-cardblack-swanrisk-communicationcrisis-managementemergency-responsedisaster-preparednessbusiness-continuityorganizational-resiliencecommunity-resiliencesocial-resilienceecological-resilienceengineering-resilienceevolutionary-resiliencecomplex-resiliencetransformative-resiliencebouncing-forwardbuilding-back-betterjust-recoverysustainable-recoveryresilient-recoveryinclusive-recoverygender-responsive-recoverynature-positive-recoveryclimate-positive-recoverybiodiversity-positive-recoveryhealth-positive-recoverywellbeing-positive-recoveryequity-positive-recoveryjustice-positive-recoverypeace-positive-recoveryprosperity-positive-recoveryprogress-positive-recoverydevelopment-positive-recoverygrowth-positive-recoveryinnovation-positive-recoverytransformation-positive-recoverysystem-changesystem-innovationsystem-transformationsystem-transitionsystem-shiftsystemic-risksystemic-opportunityemergent-propertyself-organizationcomplexitynon-linearityfeedback-looppositive-feedbacknegative-feedbackcritical-transitionpath-dependencelock-incarbon-lock-ininfrastructure-lock-inbehavioral-lock-ininstitutional-lock-intechnological-lock-ineconomic-lock-inpolitical-lock-incultural-lock-inmindset-lock-inparadigm-lock-intransition-pathwaytransition-managementtransition-governanceniche-innovationregime-changelandscape-pressuremulti-level-perspectivestrategic-niche-managementtechnological-innovation-systemsocio-technical-systemsocio-ecological-systemsocial-ecological-technical-systemadaptive-cyclepanarchyresilience-assessmentvulnerability-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentenvironmental-impact-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentcumulative-effects-assessmentregional-effects-assessmentstrategic-effects-assessmentpolicy-impact-assessmentprogram-impact-assessmentplan-impact-assessmentproject-impact-assessmentactivity-impact-assessmentalternatives-assessmentmitigation-assessmentcompensation-assessmentresidual-impact-assessmentsignificance-determinationdecision-makinginformed-decisionevidence-based-decisionscience-based-decisionrisk-informed-decisionprecautionary-principlepreventive-principlepolluter-pays-principleuser-pays-principlebeneficiary-pays-principlecommon-but-differentiated-responsibilityprocedural-equitydistributional-equityrecognitional-equityrestorative-justiceenergy-justicefood-justicewater-justicespatial-justicetransport-justicehealth-justiceeducational-justiceeconomic-justiceglobal-justicecosmopolitan-justicespecies-justiceecological-justiceenvironmental-democracyenvironmental-citizenshipenvironmental-stewardshipenvironmental-responsibilityenvironmental-accountabilityenvironmental-transparencyenvironmental-integrityenvironmental-sustainabilitysocial-sustainabilityeconomic-sustainabilitycultural-sustainabilitypolitical-sustainabilityinstitutional-sustainabilitytechnological-sustainabilitydevelopment-sustainabilityintergenerational-sustainabilityintragenerational-sustainabilityglobal-sustainabilityplanetary-sustainabilitycosmic-sustainabilityuniversal-sustainabilityexistential-sustainabilityflourishingwellbeingquality-of-lifehuman-developmentsustainable-developmentinclusive-developmentequitable-developmentjust-developmentresilient-developmentregenerative-developmentrestorative-developmenthealing-developmenttransformative-developmentemancipatory-developmentliberating-developmentempowering-developmentenabling-developmentcapability-developmentcompetence-developmentskill-developmentknowledge-developmentwisdom-developmentvirtue-developmentcharacter-developmentidentity-developmentmeaning-developmentpurpose-developmenthope-developmenttrust-developmentsolidarity-developmentcooperation-developmentcollaboration-developmentpartnership-developmentnetwork-developmentcommunity-developmentterritorial-developmentregional-developmentnational-developmentinternational-developmentglobal-developmentplanetary-developmentcosmic-developmentuniversal-developmentexistential-developmentspiritual-developmentmaterial-developmentimmaterial-developmentintangible-developmenttangible-developmentvisible-developmentinvisible-developmentmeasurable-developmentimmeasurable-developmentquantifiable-developmentqualitative-developmentsubjective-developmentobjective-developmentintersubjective-developmentcollective-developmentindividual-developmentpersonal-developmentorganizational-developmentsystemic-developmentstructural-developmentfunctional-developmentprocess-developmentprocedural-developmentmethodological-developmentepistemological-developmentontological-developmentaxiological-developmentpraxeological-developmentlogical-developmentrational-developmentreasonable-developmentsensible-developmentpragmatic-developmentpractical-developmenttheoretical-developmentconceptual-developmentempirical-developmentexperimental-developmentobservational-developmentexperiential-developmentphenomenological-developmenthermeneutical-developmentcritical-developmentreflexive-developmentreflective-developmentdeliberative-developmentparticipatory-developmentdemocratic-developmentrepresentative-developmentparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyliquid-democracydigital-democracye-democracysmart-democracyintelligent-democracywise-democracymature-democracydeveloped-democracydeveloping-democracyemerging-democracyconsolidated-democracydefective-democracyhybrid-regimeauthoritarian-regimetotalitarian-regimefailed-statefragile-statevulnerable-stateresilient-statestrong-statecapable-stateeffective-statelegitimate-stateaccountable-statetransparent-stateresponsive-stateinclusive-stateparticipatory-statedeliberative-stateadaptive-statelearning-stateinnovative-stateentrepreneurial-stateenabling-stateregulatory-statewelfare-statecompetition-statesecurity-statesurveillance-statepolice-statenanny-stateminimal-statenight-watchman-statemarket-statecorporate-stateplutocratic-stateoligarchic-statearistocratic-statemeritocratic-statetechnocratic-statebureaucratic-stateadministrative-statemanagerial-stateneoliberal-stateneoconservative-stateprogressive-stateconservative-stateliberal-statesocialist-statecommunist-statefascist-statenationalist-statepopulist-stateauthoritarian-statedemocratic-staterepublican-statemonarchic-statetheocratic-statesecular-statemulti-religious-statemulti-ethnic-statemulti-cultural-statemulti-lingual-statefederal-stateunitary-stateconfederal-stateregional-statelocal-stateglobal-stateworld-statecosmopolitan-stateplanetary-stateuniversal-stateexistential-statespiritual-statematerial-stateimmaterial-stateintangible-statetangible-statevisible-stateinvisible-statemeasurable-stateimmeasurable-statequantifiable-statequalitative-statesubjective-stateobjective-stateintersubjective-statecollective-stateindividual-statepersonal-stateprofessional-stateorganizational-stateinstitutional-statesystemic-statestructural-statefunctional-stateprocess-stateprocedural-statemethodological-stateepistemological-stateontological-stateaxiological-statepraxeological-statelogical-staterational-statereasonable-statesensible-statepragmatic-statepractical-statetheoretical-stateconceptual-stateempirical-stateexperimental-stateobservational-stateexperiential-statephenomenological-statehermeneutical-statecritical-statereflexive-statereflective-staterepresentative-statedeliberative-democracy-stateparticipatory-democracy-statedirect-democracy-stateliquid-democracy-statedigital-democracy-statee-democracy-statesmart-democracy-stateintelligent-democracy-statewise-democracy-statemature-democracy-statedeveloped-democracy-statedeveloping-democracy-stateemerging-democracy-stateconsolidated-democracy-statedefective-democracy-statehybrid-regime-stateauthoritarian-regime-statetotalitarian-regime-statefailed-state-statefragile-state-statevulnerable-state-stateresilient-state-statestrong-state-statecapable-state-stateeffective-state-statelegitimate-state-stateaccountable-state-statetransparent-state-stateresponsive-state-stateinclusive-state-stateparticipatory-state-statedeliberative-state-stateadaptive-state-statelearning-state-stateinnovative-state-stateentrepreneurial-state-stateenabling-state-stateregulatory-state-statewelfare-state-statecompetition-state-statesecurity-state-statesurveillance-state-statepolice-state-statenanny-state-stateminimal-state-statenight-watchman-state-statemarket-state-statecorporate-state-stateplutocratic-state-stateoligarchic-state-statearistocratic-state-statemeritocratic-state-statetechnocratic-state-statebureaucratic-state-stateadministrative-state-statemanagerial-state-stateneoliberal-state-stateneoconservative-state-stateprogressive-state-stateconservative-state-stateliberal-state-statesocialist-state-statecommunist-state-statefascist-state-statenationalist-state-statepopulist-state-stateauthoritarian-state-statedemocratic-state-staterepublican-state-statemonarchic-state-statetheocratic-state-statesecular-state-statemulti-religious-state-statemulti-ethnic-state-statemulti-cultural-state-statemulti-lingual-state-statefederal-state-stateunitary-state-stateconfederal-state-stateregional-state-statelocal-state-stateglobal-state-stateworld-state-statecosmopolitan-state-stateplanetary-state-stateuniversal-state-stateexistential-state-statespiritual-state-statematerial-state-stateimmaterial-state-stateintangible-state-statetangible-state-statevisible-state-stateinvisible-state-statemeasurable-state-stateimmeasurable-state-statequantifiable-state-statequalitative-state-statesubjective-state-stateobjective-state-stateintersubjective-state-statecollective-state-stateindividual-state-statepersonal-state-stateprofessional-state-stateorganizational-state-stateinstitutional-state-statesystemic-state-statestructural-state-statefunctional-state-stateprocess-state-stateprocedural-state-statemethodological-state-stateepistemological-state-stateontological-state-stateaxiological-state-statepraxeological-state-statelogical-state-staterational-state-statereasonable-state-statesensible-state-statepragmatic-state-statepractical-state-statetheoretical-state-stateconceptual-state-stateempirical-state-stateexperimental-state-stateobservational-state-stateexperiential-state-statephenomenological-state-statehermeneutical-state-statecritical-state-statereflexive-state-statereflective-state-staterepresentative-state-stateEntedoninae
Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.
parasitoidbiological-controlgall-associatedleafminer-parasitoidChalcidoideaHymenopteraEulophidaeEntedoninaetropical-forestagricultural-pest-controlsawfly-parasitoidthrips-parasitoidant-associatedrice-pestCecidomyiidaeTenthredinidaePontaniaClosterocerusCeranisusAfronymphaAmetallonChrysonotomyiaOmphale-genus-groupcanopyunderstoreyecological-plasticityBangladeshPanamaAfricaNew-ZealandEuropeSenegalSouth-AfricaDemocratic-Republic-of-the-CongoUgandaendoparasitoidlarval-parasitoidegg-parasitoidhost-specificityforest-habitatdegraded-habitatmid-altitude-rainforestlowland-rainforesttropical-Americaclassical-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlintegrated-pest-managementrice-hispaDicladispa-armigeragall-waspsawfly-gallleafminerant-symbiosisFormicidaeKhaya-senegalensisOchna-pulchramorphological-taxonomymolecular-taxonomy28S-rDNACOICytBnew-species-descriptiongeneric-revisionhost-rangeparasitoid-complexfood-webecosystem-servicenatural-enemypest-managemententomophagoushyperparasitoidinquilinecurculionidApion-minimumPhyllocolpa-leucostictaChrysocharisEntedonAsecodesPleurotroppopsisAfrotroppopsisZaommomentedonApleurotropisKratoysmaPlatocharisSchizocharisParahorismenusAtullyaTropicharisChrysochuriscruymirabilisoryzamyntoreminpashaicarinatumdussiaelongicaudatamachaeriaeunimaculataclavigergorgonaenseauripunctatagalbinalaeviscutaphenacapsiacecvoraelongatapontaniaeheyeririsbecimilletiaenewbyiFörster-1856Chalcidoidea-phylogenybiodiversityspecies-richnesscryptic-speciesmolecular-diagnosticshost-plant-associationhabitat-specificitycanopy-faunaunderstorey-faunaforest-stratificationtropical-biodiversityAfrotropicalNeotropicalPalaearcticNearcticOrientalAustralasianPacificHolarcticbiogeographytaxonomic-revisionannotated-keycataloguetype-specimenmuseum-collectionslide-mounted-specimensmorphometricsgenitaliawing-venationantennaeclypeusmandiblesmalar-spacescapepedicelflagellumgastervertexsuturecolor-patternpale-femoradark-gastersexual-dimorphismmalefemaleovipositoremergencerearingquarantinefield-collectionforeign-explorationaugmentative-releasepesticide-resistancesustainable-agriculturefood-securityrice-productioncereal-pestvegetable-pestfruit-pestornamental-pestforest-pesturban-pestinvasive-speciesnative-rangeintroduced-rangeestablishmentspreadimpactnon-target-effectshost-specificityrisk-assessmentenvironmental-safetyregulatory-approvalresearch-symposiumproceedingspeer-reviewedZootaxaZooKeysInsect-Systematics-&-EvolutionAustralian-Journal-of-EntomologyFar-Eastern-EntomologistRussian-Entomological-JournalBelgian-Journal-of-EntomologyFlorida-EntomologistPan-Pacific-EntomologistEntomological-NewsProceedings-of-the-Hawaiian-Entomological-SocietyTransactions-of-the-American-Entomological-SocietyJournal-of-Natural-HistoryZoological-Journal-of-the-Linnean-SocietyBioControlJournal-of-Economic-EntomologyEntomologia-Experimentalis-et-ApplicataEnvironmental-EntomologyOecologiaCladisticsMolecular-Phylogenetics-and-EvolutionHeredityCanadian-EntomologistProceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-WashingtonAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaBulletin-of-Entomological-ResearchNeotropical-EntomologyJournal-of-Asia-Pacific-EntomologyTurkish-Journal-of-ZoologyPolish-Journal-of-EntomologyNorth-Western-Journal-of-ZoologyEntomologica-AmericanaEntomologische-BerichtenSahlbergiaDugesianaActa-Zoologica-LilloanaFolia-Entomologica-MexicanaRevista-de-la-Sociedad-Entomologica-ArgentinaBoletin-de-la-Asociacion-Espanola-de-EntomologiaEntomologicheskoe-ObozrenieEntomological-ReviewZoological-Institute-RASProceedings-of-the-Zoological-Institute-of-the-Russian-Academy-of-SciencesTaiwan-Agricultural-Research-InstituteCouncil-of-AgricultureUniversity-of-CaliforniaRiversideEntomology-Research-MuseumCalifornia-Department-of-Food-and-AgriculturePierce's-Disease-Control-Programbiological-control-programintegrated-pest-management-programresearch-progress-reportannual-summarytechnical-reportsymposium-proceedingsconference-abstractposter-presentationinvited-papermonographbook-chapteridentification-guideillustrated-keyannotated-cataloguetype-materialvoucher-specimencollection-curationtaxonomysystematicsphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingspecies-complexsibling-speciesspecies-boundariesgeographic-variationpopulation-geneticsgene-flowreproductive-isolationhost-racebiotypestrainlaboratory-rearinginsectarymass-productionreleasemonitoringimpact-assessmentefficacyeconomic-evaluationcost-benefit-analysisfarmer-adoptionextensioneducationpolicyregulationinternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingtrainingworkshopfield-daydemonstrationon-farm-researchparticipatory-researchfarmer-field-schoolsustainable-intensificationagroecologyconservation-biological-controlhabitat-managementfloral-resourcesrefugebuffer-zonelandscape-complexityconnectivityspillovernatural-enemy-diversityfood-web-structuretrophic-interactionsmultitrophicindirect-effectstrait-mediateddensity-dependentinverse-density-dependentfunctional-responsenumerical-responsesearching-efficiencyhandling-timeoviposition-behaviorhost-selectionhost-acceptancehost-suitabilityhost-qualityhost-stage-preferenceegg-loadprogeny-allocationsex-ratiolocal-mate-competitionsib-matinginbreedingfitnesslongevityfecunditydevelopment-timethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologysynchronyasynchronyseasonal-adaptationdiapausequiescencecold-hardinessheat-tolerancedesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersalflightwalkingforagingpatch-usearea-restricted-searchoviposition-markinghost-markingsuperparasitismmultiparasitismintraguild-predationhyperparasitismautoparasitismheteronomous-hyperparasitismfacultative-hyperparasitismobligate-hyperparasitismprimary-parasitoidsecondary-parasitoidtertiary-parasitoidmummyaphid-mummyscale-mummypupal-parasitoidegg-larval-parasitoidlarval-pupal-parasitoididiobiontkoinobiontectoparasitoidsolitarygregariouspolyembryonythelytokyarrhenotokydiploidhaplodiploidchromosome-numbergenome-sizetranscriptomeproteomemetabolomemorphomephenomeextended-phenotypeniche-constructionecosystem-engineeringkeystone-speciesecosystem-service-providerfunctional-groupguildtrophic-levelenergy-flownutrient-cyclingdecompositionpredationherbivoryparasitismmutualismcommensalismcompetitionapparent-competitionexploitative-competitioninterference-competitionscramble-competitioncontest-competitionresource-partitioningniche-differentiationcharacter-displacementco-evolutionarms-raceRed-Queengeographic-mosaiclocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitygenetic-adaptationepigeneticstransgenerational-effectsmaternal-effectspaternal-effectsparental-caremating-systemsexual-selectionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicemate-choicelekterritoryaggressionalarmdefensevenomallomonekairomonesynomonesemiochemicalpheromonetrail-pheromonealarm-pheromoneaggregation-pheromonesex-pheromonemarking-pheromoneoviposition-deterrenthost-marking-pheromoneplant-volatileinduced-plant-defensesystemic-acquired-resistanceinduced-systemic-resistanceprimingvolatile-organic-compoundgreen-leaf-volatileterpenoidphenylpropanoidjasmonic-acidsalicylic-acidethyleneabscisic-acidgibberellinauxincytokininbrassinosteroidstrigolactonenitric-oxidereactive-oxygen-specieshypersensitive-responseprogrammed-cell-deathautophagyapoptosisnecrosispathogen-associated-molecular-patterndamage-associated-molecular-patternpattern-recognition-receptoreffector-triggered-immunitygene-for-geneavirulencevirulenceeffectortoxinphytotoxinmycotoxinbacterial-toxinviral-toxininsecticidal-proteincry-proteinvip-proteincyt-proteinsporeconidiumappressoriumhaustoriummyceliumsclerotiumfruiting-bodybasidiocarpascocarpperitheciumcleistotheciumpycnidiumacervulussporodochiumsymptomsigndisease-triangledisease-cycleepidemicendemicpandemicoutbreakeradicationcontainmentmanagementcontrolpreventionforecastingwarning-systemdecision-support-systemexpert-systemmodelsimulationeconomic-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelaction-thresholdtreatment-thresholddamage-thresholdaesthetic-injury-levelcultural-controlphysical-controlmechanical-controlchemical-controlgenetic-controlsterile-insect-techniqueincompatible-insect-techniqueprecision-agriculturesite-specific-managementvariable-rate-applicationremote-sensinggeographic-information-systemglobal-positioning-systemunmanned-aerial-vehicledronesensorimagingspectroscopymachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visionimage-analysispattern-recognitionclassificationsegmentationdetectiontrackingcountingsamplingsampling-plansequential-samplingbinomial-samplingpresence-absence-samplingfixed-precision-samplingvariable-precision-samplingspatial-samplingtemporal-samplingstratified-samplingcluster-samplingsystematic-samplingrandom-samplingconvenience-samplingjudgment-samplingexpert-samplingquota-samplingsnowball-samplingrespondent-driven-samplingcapture-recapturemark-recapturemark-resightdistance-samplingline-transectpoint-transectstrip-transectplotquadratpitfall-trapMalaise-trappan-trapwater-panyellow-panblue-panwhite-panflight-interception-trapwindow-trapcanopy-foggingbeating-traysweep-netaerial-netground-netaquatic-netD-vacvacuum-sampleraspiratormouth-aspiratormechanical-aspiratorberlese-funnelTullgren-funnelWinkler-extractorpitfallbarber-trappitfall-arraydrift-fencefunnel-traplight-trapUV-lightblack-lightmercury-vaporsodium-vaporLEDactiniccolor-trapsticky-trappheromone-trapsynthetic-pheromonenatural-pheromonekairomone-trapfood-baitprotein-baitsugar-baitfermentation-baitalcohol-baitvinegar-baitmolasses-baitfruit-baitmeat-baitfish-baitdung-baitcarrion-baitdecoylureattractantrepellentdeterrentantifeedantoviposition-stimulantarrestantsuppressanttoxicantstomach-poisoncontact-poisonfumigantsystemictranslaminarresidualpersistentnon-persistentbroad-spectrumnarrow-spectrumselectivenon-selectivetarget-specifichost-specificmode-of-actionnerve-poisonacetylcholinesterase-inhibitorGABA-antagonistsodium-channel-modulatornicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor-agonistryanodine-receptor-modulatorchitin-synthesis-inhibitorjuvenile-hormone-mimicecdysone-agonistmicrobial-pesticideentomopathogenic-nematodeentomopathogenic-fungusentomopathogenic-bacteriumentomopathogenic-virusentomopathogenic-protozoaBacillus-thuringiensisBtBacillus-sphaericusPaenibacillus-popilliaeSerratia-entomophilaMetarhizium-anisopliaeBeauveria-bassianaLecanicillium-lecaniiIsaria-fumosoroseaNomuraea-rileyiHirsutella-thompsoniiEntomophthoraNeozygitesNosemaVairimorphaThelohaniaAnticarsia-gemmatalis-nucleopolyhedrovirusAgMNPVCydia-pomonella-granulovirusCpGVSpodoptera-exigua-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirusSeMNPVAutographa-californica-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirusAcMNPVnucleopolyhedrovirusgranuloviruscypovirusentomopoxvirusiridovirusparvovirustetravirusnodavirusreoviruspicornavirusiflavirusdensovirusbirnavirustotiviruspartitivirushypovirulencemycovirusbacteriophagephagetransductionconjugationtransformationhorizontal-gene-transfervertical-gene-transfermobile-genetic-elementtransposonplasmidintegrongenomic-islandpathogenicity-islandsymbiosis-islandmetabolic-islandresistance-islandvirulence-factorantibiotic-resistanceinsecticide-resistanceacaricide-resistanceherbicide-resistancefungicide-resistancebactericide-resistancenematicide-resistancemolluscicide-resistancerodenticide-resistanceresistance-managementresistance-monitoringresistance-detectionresistance-diagnosisresistance-mechanismmetabolic-resistancetarget-site-resistancepenetration-resistancebehavioral-resistancecross-resistancemultiple-resistancenegative-cross-resistancesynergismantagonismpotentiationsafeneradjuvantsurfactantspreaderstickerextenderbufferacidifierdefoamerdrift-retardantrainfastnessUV-protectantformulationemulsifiable-concentratewettable-powderwater-dispersible-granulesuspension-concentratecapsule-suspensionmicroencapsulationnanotechnologycontrolled-releaseslow-releaseattract-and-killsterile-insect-releaseinundative-releaseinoculative-releaseconservationaugmentationclassicalneoclassicalnew-associationtargetedarea-widesuppressionprotectionproductionintegrated-crop-managementintegrated-productionorganic-farmingbiodynamic-farmingpermacultureagroforestrysilvopastureclimate-smart-agricultureconservation-agriculturedigital-agriculturesmart-farmingagriculture-4.0internet-of-thingsbig-datacloud-computingblockchaindistributed-ledgertraceabilitytransparencycertificationstandardgovernancestakeholdervalue-chainsupply-chainfood-systemnutrition-securitylivelihoodincomeemploymentgenderyouthsocial-inclusionequityfairnessjusticeethicsanimal-welfareenvironmental-protectionbiodiversity-conservationecosystem-restorationland-degradation-neutralitydesertificationdeforestationreforestationafforestationforest-restorationwetland-restorationgrassland-restorationsoil-restorationsoil-healthsoil-organic-mattersoil-carbonsoil-biodiversitysoil-faunasoil-microbiomerhizospherephyllosphereanthropospheretechnospherebiosphereecospherehydrosphereatmospherelithospherepedospherecryosphereclimate-changeglobal-warminggreenhouse-gascarbon-dioxidemethanenitrous-oxidefluorinated-gascarbon-sequestrationcarbon-storagecarbon-sinkcarbon-sourcecarbon-neutralcarbon-negativenet-zeroclimate-adaptationclimate-mitigationclimate-resiliencevulnerabilityexposuresensitivityadaptive-capacitytransitionpathwayscenarioprojectionforecastpredictionuncertaintyriskhazarddamagelossadaptationmitigationresiliencesustainabilitysustainable-developmentsustainable-development-goalsSDGAgenda-2030Paris-AgreementConvention-on-Biological-DiversityCBDNagoya-ProtocolCartagena-ProtocolAichi-TargetsKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Frameworkpost-2020-biodiversity-frameworkOne-HealthPlanetary-HealthEcoHealthOne-WelfareOne-WorldOne-Futureinterdisciplinarytransdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinaryintersectoralmultistakeholderpartnershipcollaborationcooperationnetworkplatformhubcenter-of-excellencecapacity-developmentinstitutional-strengtheningpolicy-supportscience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policyscience-diplomacytechnology-transferknowledge-transferknowledge-exchangeknowledge-sharingopen-accessopen-dataopen-scienceopen-innovationcitizen-sciencecommunity-based-monitoringaction-researchtransformative-researchsolution-oriented-researchproblem-driven-researchimpact-oriented-researchimplementation-researchoperational-researchapplied-researchbasic-researchfundamental-researchstrategic-researchtactical-researchadaptive-researchinnovationinventiondiscoverybreakthroughfrontieremergingconvergingenablingdisruptivetransformativeexponentialdigitalbiologicalphysicalcognitivesocialinstitutionaltechnologicalecologicalevolutionaryrevolutionaryincrementalradicalsystematicholisticintegratedcomprehensiveinclusiveparticipatorybottom-uptop-downmiddle-outhybridmixed-methodsqualitativequantitativeempiricaltheoreticalconceptualanalyticalcomputationalexperimentalobservationaldescriptivecorrelationalcausalmechanisticpredictiveprescriptivenormativeevaluativeassessmentappraisalreviewauditevaluationoutcome-evaluationprocess-evaluationcost-effectivenesscost-benefitcost-utilitymulti-criteria-decision-analysisstakeholder-analysissocial-network-analysisinstitutional-analysispolitical-economy-analysisgender-analysisyouth-analysisvulnerability-analysisrisk-analysisuncertainty-analysissensitivity-analysisscenario-analysissystems-analysislife-cycle-assessmentfootprintwater-footprintcarbon-footprintecological-footprintnitrogen-footprintbiodiversity-footprintland-footprintmaterial-footprintsocial-footprinthealth-footprintplanetary-boundarysafe-operating-spacedoughnut-economicsregenerativerestorativecirculargreenbluebioeconomycircular-economysharing-economygig-economyplatform-economydigital-economyknowledge-economycreative-economycare-economywellbeing-economydegrowthpost-growthsteady-statedoughnutsufficiencyprosperityflourishingthrivingbuen-vivirubuntuharmonybalanceequilibriumhomeostasisrobustnessadaptabilityflexibilityplasticityevolvabilityinnovabilitytransformabilitysustainability-scienceresilience-sciencecomplexity-sciencesystems-sciencenetwork-sciencedata-scienceinformation-sciencecomputer-sciencecognitive-sciencebehavioral-sciencesocial-sciencenatural-sciencelife-scienceearth-scienceenvironmental-scienceagricultural-scienceveterinary-sciencemedical-sciencehealth-sciencenutrition-sciencefood-sciencematerial-scienceengineering-scienceinterdisciplinary-sciencetransdisciplinary-scienceconvergence-scienceteam-scienceresponsible-scienceethical-scienceinclusive-sciencedecolonized-sciencefeminist-scienceindigenous-sciencetraditional-knowledgelocal-knowledgeexpert-knowledgelay-knowledgetacit-knowledgecodified-knowledgeexplicit-knowledgeimplicit-knowledgeprocedural-knowledgedeclarative-knowledgeepistemic-knowledgeontological-knowledgepractical-knowledgetheoretical-knowledgescientific-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgeTEKfarmers'-knowledgefishers'-knowledgeherders'-knowledgehunters'-knowledgegatherers'-knowledgewomen's-knowledgemen's-knowledgeyouth-knowledgeelder-knowledgeintergenerational-knowledgetransgenerational-knowledgeancestral-knowledgeinherited-knowledgelearned-knowledgeacquired-knowledgeconstructed-knowledgeco-produced-knowledgeparticipatory-knowledgecollaborative-knowledgetransdisciplinary-knowledgeinterdisciplinary-knowledgemultidisciplinary-knowledgecross-disciplinary-knowledgeintegrated-knowledgeholistic-knowledgesystemic-knowledgecomplex-knowledgeuncertain-knowledgeambiguous-knowledgecontested-knowledgenegotiated-knowledgeagreed-knowledgeshared-knowledgecommon-knowledgepublic-knowledgeprivate-knowledgeproprietary-knowledgeopen-knowledgefree-knowledgeaccessible-knowledgeusable-knowledgeactionable-knowledgerelevant-knowledgetimely-knowledgecredible-knowledgelegitimate-knowledgesalient-knowledgeauthoritative-knowledgestakeholder-knowledgepolicy-maker-knowledgepractitioner-knowledgeresearcher-knowledgeacademic-knowledgetechnical-knowledgemanagerial-knowledgeadministrative-knowledgebureaucratic-knowledgepolitical-knowledgeeconomic-knowledgesocial-knowledgecultural-knowledgehistorical-knowledgegeographical-knowledgeecological-knowledgebiological-knowledgeagricultural-knowledgeenvironmental-knowledgeclimate-knowledgehealth-knowledgenutrition-knowledgefood-knowledgesafety-knowledgesecurity-knowledgerisk-knowledgedisaster-knowledgeemergency-knowledgecrisis-knowledgeconflict-knowledgepeace-knowledgedevelopment-knowledgesustainability-knowledgeresilience-knowledgeadaptation-knowledgemitigation-knowledgetransformation-knowledgeinnovation-knowledgetechnology-knowledgedigital-knowledgedata-knowledgeinformation-knowledgecommunication-knowledgemedia-knowledgejournalism-knowledgeeducation-knowledgelearning-knowledgetraining-knowledgecapacity-knowledgeinstitutional-knowledgeorganizational-knowledgenetwork-knowledgepartnership-knowledgecollaboration-knowledgecooperation-knowledgegovernance-knowledgepolicy-knowledgeregulation-knowledgelaw-knowledgerights-knowledgejustice-knowledgeethics-knowledgemorality-knowledgevalues-knowledgenorms-knowledgebeliefs-knowledgeattitudes-knowledgeperceptions-knowledgebehaviors-knowledgepractices-knowledgecustoms-knowledgetraditions-knowledgerituals-knowledgesymbols-knowledgeidentities-knowledgemeanings-knowledgenarratives-knowledgestories-knowledgediscourses-knowledgelanguages-knowledgerepresentation-knowledgeframing-knowledgeagenda-setting-knowledgepolicy-making-knowledgeimplementation-knowledgeevaluation-knowledgemonitoring-knowledgeaccountability-knowledgetransparency-knowledgeparticipation-knowledgeinclusion-knowledgeequity-knowledgefairness-knowledgeempowerment-knowledgeagency-knowledgeautonomy-knowledgeself-determination-knowledgesovereignty-knowledgeterritory-knowledgeland-knowledgeresource-knowledgeproperty-knowledgeownership-knowledgeaccess-knowledgecontrol-knowledgebenefit-knowledgesharing-knowledgedistribution-knowledgeallocation-knowledgemanagement-knowledgeconservation-knowledgerestoration-knowledgeprotection-knowledgeuse-knowledgeutilization-knowledgeexploitation-knowledgeharvesting-knowledgehunting-knowledgegathering-knowledgefishing-knowledgefarming-knowledgeherding-knowledgeforestry-knowledgemining-knowledgeextractivism-knowledgeproduction-knowledgeconsumption-knowledgetrade-knowledgeexchange-knowledgemarket-knowledgeeconomy-knowledgefinance-knowledgeinvestment-knowledgedebt-knowledgecredit-knowledgeinsurance-knowledgesubsidy-knowledgetax-knowledgefiscal-knowledgemonetary-knowledgecurrency-knowledgeinflation-knowledgedeflation-knowledgerecession-knowledgedepression-knowledgegrowth-knowledgeprogress-knowledgemodernization-knowledgeglobalization-knowledgelocalization-knowledgeregionalization-knowledgenationalization-knowledgeprivatization-knowledgeliberalization-knowledgederegulation-knowledgereregulation-knowledgestandardization-knowledgecertification-knowledgeaccreditation-knowledgequality-knowledgehygiene-knowledgesanitation-knowledgewellness-knowledgefitness-knowledgediet-knowledgecooking-knowledgecuisine-knowledgetaste-knowledgeflavor-knowledgearoma-knowledgetexture-knowledgeappearance-knowledgepresentation-knowledgeaesthetics-knowledgedesign-knowledgeart-knowledgeculture-knowledgeheritage-knowledgehistory-knowledgearchaeology-knowledgepaleontology-knowledgeevolution-knowledgegenetics-knowledgegenomics-knowledgeproteomics-knowledgemetabolomics-knowledgephenomics-knowledgetranscriptomics-knowledgeepigenomics-knowledgemicrobiomics-knowledgeviromics-knowledgemetagenomics-knowledgeecogenomics-knowledgeconservation-genomics-knowledgefunctional-genomics-knowledgestructural-genomics-knowledgecomparative-genomics-knowledgeevolutionary-genomics-knowledgepopulation-genomics-knowledgemedical-genomics-knowledgeagricultural-genomics-knowledgeenvironmental-genomics-knowledgeforensic-genomics-knowledgesynthetic-genomics-knowledgegenome-editing-knowledgeCRISPR-knowledgeCas9-knowledgegene-drive-knowledgesynthetic-biology-knowledgebioengineering-knowledgebiotechnology-knowledgenanotechnology-knowledgeinformation-technology-knowledgecommunication-technology-knowledgedigital-technology-knowledgeartificial-intelligence-knowledgemachine-learning-knowledgerobotics-knowledgeautomation-knowledgeprecision-technology-knowledgesmart-technology-knowledgeclean-technology-knowledgegreen-technology-knowledgeblue-technology-knowledgeclimate-technology-knowledgeadaptation-technology-knowledgemitigation-technology-knowledgeresilience-technology-knowledgesustainable-technology-knowledgeappropriate-technology-knowledgeintermediate-technology-knowledgelow-technology-knowledgehigh-technology-knowledgeemerging-technology-knowledgeconverging-technology-knowledgeenabling-technology-knowledgedisruptive-technology-knowledgetransformative-technology-knowledgeexponential-technology-knowledgefrontier-technology-knowledgespace-technology-knowledgenuclear-technology-knowledgerenewable-energy-technology-knowledgeenergy-efficiency-technology-knowledgeenergy-storage-technology-knowledgesmart-grid-technology-knowledgeelectric-vehicle-technology-knowledgebattery-technology-knowledgesolar-technology-knowledgewind-technology-knowledgehydro-technology-knowledgegeothermal-technology-knowledgebiomass-technology-knowledgebiofuel-technology-knowledgehydrogen-technology-knowledgefuel-cell-technology-knowledgecarbon-capture-technology-knowledgecarbon-storage-technology-knowledgecarbon-utilization-technology-knowledgecarbon-removal-technology-knowledgedirect-air-capture-technology-knowledgebioenergy-with-carbon-capture-and-storage-knowledgeBECCS-knowledgeenhanced-weathering-technology-knowledgeocean-fertilization-technology-knowledgesolar-radiation-management-knowledgestratospheric-aerosol-injection-knowledgemarine-cloud-brightening-knowledgecirrus-cloud-thinning-knowledgespace-based-solar-reflectors-knowledgealbedo-modification-knowledgegeoengineering-knowledgeclimate-engineering-knowledgeearth-system-engineering-knowledgeplanetary-engineering-knowledgeecosystem-engineering-knowledgehabitat-engineering-knowledgespecies-engineering-knowledgegenetic-engineering-knowledgegermline-engineering-knowledgesomatic-engineering-knowledgeenhancement-engineering-knowledgetherapy-engineering-knowledgediagnostics-engineering-knowledgeprognostics-engineering-knowledgetheranostics-engineering-knowledgepersonalized-medicine-knowledgeprecision-medicine-knowledgeregenerative-medicine-knowledgereproductive-medicine-knowledgetranslational-medicine-knowledgepreventive-medicine-knowledgecurative-medicine-knowledgepalliative-medicine-knowledgeintegrative-medicine-knowledgecomplementary-medicine-knowledgealternative-medicine-knowledgetraditional-medicine-knowledgeherbal-medicine-knowledgeacupuncture-knowledgehomeopathy-knowledgenaturopathy-knowledgechiropractic-knowledgeosteopathy-knowledgemassage-knowledgemeditation-knowledgemindfulness-knowledgeyoga-knowledgetai-chi-knowledgeqigong-knowledgemartial-arts-knowledgedance-knowledgemusic-knowledgeart-therapy-knowledgecolor-therapy-knowledgelight-therapy-knowledgesound-therapy-knowledgearomatherapy-knowledgehydrotherapy-knowledgebalneotherapy-knowledgethalassotherapy-knowledgeclimatotherapy-knowledgehelio-therapy-knowledgephototherapy-knowledgeradiation-therapy-knowledgechemotherapy-knowledgeimmunotherapy-knowledgetargeted-therapy-knowledgehormone-therapy-knowledgegene-therapy-knowledgecell-therapy-knowledgestem-cell-therapy-knowledgetissue-engineering-knowledgeorgan-engineering-knowledgebioprinting-knowledge3D-printing-knowledge4D-printing-knowledgeadditive-manufacturing-knowledgesubtractive-manufacturing-knowledgeformative-manufacturing-knowledgehybrid-manufacturing-knowledgedigital-manufacturing-knowledgesmart-manufacturing-knowledgelean-manufacturing-knowledgegreen-manufacturing-knowledgecircular-manufacturing-knowledgesustainable-manufacturing-knowledgeclean-manufacturing-knowledgezero-waste-manufacturing-knowledgeclosed-loop-manufacturing-knowledgeindustrial-ecology-knowledgeindustrial-symbiosis-knowledgeeco-industrial-park-knowledgegreen-chemistry-knowledgesustainable-chemistry-knowledgebio-based-chemistry-knowledgecircular-chemistry-knowledgesafe-chemistry-knowledgebenign-by-design-knowledgeatom-economy-knowledgeE-factor-knowledgeprocess-intensification-knowledgeflow-chemistry-knowledgemicrowave-chemistry-knowledgeultrasound-chemistry-knowledgemechanochemistry-knowledgeelectrochemistry-knowledgephotochemistry-knowledgeplasma-chemistry-knowledgesonochemistry-knowledgethermochemistry-knowledgecalorimetry-knowledgekinetics-knowledgethermodynamics-knowledgeequilibrium-knowledgereaction-engineering-knowledgeseparation-engineering-knowledgepurification-engineering-knowledgecrystallization-engineering-knowledgedistillation-engineering-knowledgeextraction-engineering-knowledgeabsorption-engineering-knowledgeadsorption-engineering-knowledgemembrane-engineering-knowledgefiltration-engineering-knowledgecentrifugation-engineering-knowledgesedimentation-engineering-knowledgeflotation-engineering-knowledgeleaching-engineering-knowledgeroasting-engineering-knowledgesintering-engineering-knowledgesmelting-engineering-knowledgerefining-engineering-knowledgealloying-engineering-knowledgecasting-engineering-knowledgeforming-engineering-knowledgemachining-engineering-knowledgejoining-engineering-knowledgewelding-engineering-knowledgebrazing-engineering-knowledgesoldering-engineering-knowledgeadhesive-bonding-engineering-knowledgemechanical-fastening-engineering-knowledgecoating-engineering-knowledgesurface-engineering-knowledgeheat-treatment-engineering-knowledgefinishing-engineering-knowledgepolishing-engineering-knowledgegrinding-engineering-knowledgelapping-engineering-knowledgehoning-engineering-knowledgesuperfinishing-engineering-knowledgetexturing-engineering-knowledgepatterning-engineering-knowledgelithography-engineering-knowledgeetching-engineering-knowledgedeposition-engineering-knowledgesputtering-engineering-knowledgeevaporation-engineering-knowledgechemical-vapor-deposition-engineering-knowledgephysical-vapor-deposition-engineering-knowledgeatomic-layer-deposition-engineering-knowledgemolecular-beam-epitaxy-engineering-knowledgepulsed-laser-deposition-engineering-knowledgesol-gel-engineering-knowledgespin-coating-engineering-knowledgedip-coating-engineering-knowledgespray-coating-engineering-knowledgeelectrophoretic-deposition-engineering-knowledgeelectroless-plating-engineering-knowledgeelectroplating-engineering-knowledgeanodizing-engineering-knowledgepassivation-engineering-knowledgeconversion-coating-engineering-knowledgephosphating-engineering-knowledgechromating-engineering-knowledgebluing-engineering-knowledgeblackening-engineering-knowledgepickling-engineering-knowledgecleaning-engineering-knowledgedegreasing-engineering-knowledgedescaling-engineering-knowledgedeflashing-engineering-knowledgedeburring-engineering-knowledgetrimming-engineering-knowledgeblanking-engineering-knowledgepunching-engineering-knowledgeshearing-engineering-knowledgebending-engineering-knowledgedrawing-engineering-knowledgestretching-engineering-knowledgedeep-drawing-engineering-knowledgespinning-engineering-knowledgeflow-forming-engineering-knowledgethread-rolling-engineering-knowledgegear-cutting-engineering-knowledgebroaching-engineering-knowledgehobbing-engineering-knowledgeshaping-engineering-knowledgeplaning-engineering-knowledgemilling-engineering-knowledgeturning-engineering-knowledgeboring-engineering-knowledgereaming-engineering-knowledgetapping-engineering-knowledgedie-sinking-engineering-knowledgeelectrical-discharge-machining-engineering-knowledgelaser-machining-engineering-knowledgeelectron-beam-machining-engineering-knowledgeion-beam-machining-engineering-knowledgeplasma-machining-engineering-knowledgewater-jet-machining-engineering-knowledgeabrasive-jet-machining-engineering-knowledgeultrasonic-machining-engineering-knowledgechemical-machining-engineering-knowledgephotochemical-machining-engineering-knowledgeelectrochemical-machining-engineering-knowledgeelectrochemical-grinding-engineering-knowledgeelectrochemical-honing-engineering-knowledgeelectrochemical-deburring-engineering-knowledgethermal-spraying-engineering-knowledgecold-spraying-engineering-knowledgeexplosive-cladding-engineering-knowledgefriction-stir-welding-engineering-knowledgediffusion-bonding-engineering-knowledgeexplosive-welding-engineering-knowledgemagnetic-pulse-welding-engineering-knowledgeultrasonic-welding-engineering-knowledgeinertia-friction-welding-engineering-knowledgelinear-friction-welding-engineering-knowledgeorbita-l-friction-welding-engineering-knowledgeradial-friction-welding-engineering-knowledgeangular-friction-welding-engineering-knowledgetorsion-friction-welding-engineering-knowledgeupset-welding-engineering-knowledgeflash-welding-engineering-knowledgeresistance-welding-engineering-knowledgespot-welding-engineering-knowledgeseam-welding-engineering-knowledgeprojection-welding-engineering-knowledgebutt-welding-engineering-knowledgeflash-butt-welding-engineering-knowledgepercussion-welding-engineering-knowledgestud-welding-engineering-knowledgecapacitor-discharge-welding-engineering-knowledgedrawn-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgeshort-cycle-welding-engineering-knowledgegas-welding-engineering-knowledgeoxy-acetylene-welding-engineering-knowledgeoxy-hydrogen-welding-engineering-knowledgeair-acetylene-welding-engineering-knowledgepressure-gas-welding-engineering-knowledgeforge-welding-engineering-knowledgeroll-welding-engineering-knowledgethermit-welding-engineering-knowledgearc-welding-engineering-knowledgeshielded-metal-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgegas-metal-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgeflux-cored-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgesubmerged-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgegas-tungsten-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgeplasma-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgecarbon-arc-welding-engineering-knowledgeatomic-hydrogen-welding-engineering-knowledgeelectroslag-welding-engineering-knowledgeelectrogas-welding-engineering-knowledgelaser-beam-welding-engineering-knowledgeelectron-beam-welding-engineering-knowledgeion-beam-welding-engineering-knowledgeplasma-beam-welding-engineering-knowledgeinduction-welding-engineering-knowledgedielectric-welding-engineering-knowledgeinfrared-welding-engineering-knowledgemicrowave-welding-engineering-knowledgesolar-welding-engineering-knowledgefriction-welding-engineering-knowledgevibration-welding-engineering-knowledgerotation-welding-engineering-knowledgeorbital-welding-engineering-knowledgeradial-welding-engineering-knowledgeangular-welding-engineering-knowledgetorsion-welding-engineering-knowledgeEuschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
pestagriculturesoybeancottonpolyphagousmobilenative-speciesintegrated-pest-managementpheromonetrap-cropflight-dispersalmultivoltinesubspecies-euschistoidessubspecies-servuspecanpeanutcornwheatsoutheastern-USmidwestern-USinsecticide-resistancepyrethroidfacultative-predatorzoophagyvertical-stratificationseasonal-dispersaloverwinteringflight-milllandscape-ecologyhost-plant-switchingeconomic-injuryseed-qualitydelayed-maturityflat-podbiological-controlTelenomus-podisiTrichopoda-pennipesMermithidae-parasiteaggregation-pheromonesorghum-trap-cropearly-soybean-production-systemground-samplingcanopy-samplingthermal-tolerancenative-stink-bugtrue-bugHemipteraPentatomidaeEuschistusbrown-stink-bugCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaLouisianaTexasNorth-CarolinaMidwestsouthern-United-Statescrop-pestfield-borderwooded-areaweed-hostagroecosystemsmall-grainlegumemonitoringeconomic-thresholdsweep-netground-clothnymphinstaroverwintering-emergenceflight-capacitybody-weight-losshost-trackingfarmscapelandscape-compositionagricultural-landscapesoybean-areafield-sizegeospatialgeneralized-linear-mixed-modelpopulation-abundancesource-habitatsink-habitatdispersal-behaviormovement-ecologyseasonal-occurrencephenologyreproductionovipositionegg-parasitoidtachinid-parasitoidentomopathogenic-nematodenew-host-recordpredationcabbagewormcollardBrassicaPieris-rapaeEsselbaugh-1948McPherson-1982Cornell-University-Insect-Collectionorganic-insecticideneemChrysanthemumbotanical-insecticidetoxicityfeeding-preferencerepellencyegg-stageinsecticide-efficacynon-target-effectsIPMinvasive-species-comparisonbrown-marmorated-stink-bugHalyomorpha-halysgreen-stink-bugtemperature-effectsclimatedistribution-modelingabundance-patternsregional-managementenvironmental-entomologyagricultural-entomologyeconomic-entomologyjournal-of-economic-entomologyjournal-of-integrated-pest-managementpsycheagricultural-and-forest-entomologyjournal-of-entomological-scienceEDISiNaturalistGBIFNCBIWikipediaSay-1832Vollenhoven-1868BeltsvilleUSDA-ARSUC-Davischemical-ecologysemiochemistrypheromone-researchJeffrey-AldrichFrank-ZalomWalter-Lealintegrated-pest-management-historystink-bug-attractantsconsperse-stink-bugEuschistus-conspersuspatentgraduate-student-researchinternational-collaborationBrazilCroatiaJapanchemical-ecology-communityInternational-Society-of-Chemical-EcologyJournal-of-Chemical-Ecologyresearch-legacymentorshipfield-collectinginsect-rearingcollaborative-scienceEileen-CullenRoberta-TognonElda-Vitanovicyeast-volatilesolive-fruit-flylacewingPodisuspredatory-stink-bugresearch-facilityMinnesotaFort-Myersbrain-bleedJune-2025tributeobituaryscience-communicationEntomology-TodayRichard-LevineDilip-VenugopalAAASEPAspatial-analysisstatistical-analysisthermal-biologyJune-temperature23.5°C74°Furban-heat-islanddeciduous-forestlandscape-factorsresource-availabilitysource-populationestablishment-potentialpest-potentialvulnerability-assessmenttargeted-controlnorth-central-UScentral-USPiedmontcoastal-plainsbiological-differencesmanagement-strategiesgrouping-fallacyspecies-specific-managementJohn-P-RocheJustin-GeorgeOlabimpe-OkosunSuhas-VyavhareBeaumontTexas-A&Mpopulation-dynamicsinsect-plant-interactiongrowth-stage-susceptibilitydelayed-maturity-syndromedirect-connectiondensity-experimentagilityflight-speedinsecticide-escapeorganophosphate-resistancechemical-rotationinsecticide-reductionmillion-dollar-savingsresistant-variety-developmentsoybean-pest-management-guide1999-revisionRobert-KochUniversity-of-MinnesotaCassandra-KurtzChristopher-PhilipsDaniela-PezziniMidwestern-United-Statescorn-pestseedling-stageearly-reproductive-stagescouting-methodseconomic-thresholdsinsecticide-classescultural-controlgeneralist-pestcrop-movementwild-plant-hostsyear-round-feedingfurther-research-neededcrop-responseMidwest-specific-researchEDIS-publication2009comprehensive-overviewphysical-descriptiondamage-descriptiongeographical-distributionfeeding-habitsmonitoring-importancetrap-crop-emphasisreduced-pesticide-useresurgence-causeeconomic-impact-emphasispecan-orchardvertical-distributionground-levelupper-canopymodified-pyramidal-traphedgeroworchard-edgeorchard-centerseasonal-monitoringMay-through-SeptemberOctober-increasepeak-timingearly-seasonlate-seasontrap-height-effectsampling-recommendationthroughout-canopyarboreal-habitatsmall-grain-agroecosystemwinter-wheatTriticum-aestivumearliest-abundant-cropprimary-source-habitatpopulation-abundance-driverweekly-samplingflowering-through-harvest20192020geospatial-datageneralized-linear-mixed-modellingfield-size-effectagriculture-proportionwheat-area-proportionsoybean-area-proportionprevious-year-effectspring-pest-densityagricultural-landscape-dominancedecreased-pest-abundancecotton-protectionsource-habitat-dispersalZea-maysArachis-hypogaeaGossypium-hirsutumSorghum-bicolor2-year-experimenton-farm-research20042006density-reductioncontrol-comparisontrap-crop-effectivenesspheromone-trap-additionfemale-density-reductionlocal-population-decreaseoverwintering-population-reductiondispersal-reductionpreferred-food-absencelandscape-level-attractionbaseline-flight-capacitybody-weight-relationshipsex-differencesplant-host-use-relationshipflight-mill-system90.1%-flight-range0-1-km-typical15.9-km-maximum2017seasonal-variationoverwintering-emergence-peakcropping-season-lowwheat-hostcorn-hostearly-season-weed-hostsoybean-hostlate-season-weed-hostbody-weight-loss-proportionfarmscape-level-extrapolationmanagement-program-developmentplanningimplementationmultiple-cropspeachEDIS-documentlife-cycle-detailphysical-description-detaildamage-detailmanagement-strategy-detailmonitoring-emphasispesticide-reduction-contexteconomic-impact-detailNew-York-StateBrassica-oleraceaCruciferaeAugust-19834th-stage-caterpillarupper-leaf-surfacerostrum-impalementlifeless-appearanceshrunken-appearancebody-fluid-removalvoucher-specimenCornell-University-Insect-Collection-lot-1137phytophage-labelpredatory-behavior-recordEsselbaugh-1948-citationMcPherson-1982-citationnominal-phytophagefacultative-predationzoophagous-behaviorlife-history-documentationdevelopmental-stagesseasonal-activityreproductive-biologypopulation-level-information-needfull-text-requirementorganic-insecticide-testingAcrosternum-hilaregreen-stink-bug-synonymtoxicity-assessmentfeeding-preference-testingrepellency-testingbotanical-product-evaluationegg-insecticide-testingScelionidaenon-target-organismselective-toxicityhost-preference-testingtachinid-flyDipteracomparative-parasitoid-behaviorstink-bug-host-comparisonparasitoid-biologyiNaturalist-observation-counttaxonomic-authority-verificationcommon-name-standardizationdistribution-record-verificationMiddle-AmericaVermontUS-state-recordcorrigendum-noticereproduction-landscape-effectsmobile-herbivore-characterizationpolyphagous-lifestylemultivoltine-reproductionarthropod-herbivore-classificationenvironmental-entomology-journalcotton-IPM-program-integrationemergent-pest-statusecology-economics-interfaceestablished-program-adaptationnew-host-parasite-recordMermithidaenematode-parasiteSouthwestern-Entomologist-journalparasite-taxonomyhost-range-extensionNCBI-taxonomy-verificationMetazoa-kingdomtrue-bugs-groupGBIF-distribution-mappingpresent-statusexact-match-confirmationaccepted-taxonomic-statuscanonical-name-verificationWikipedia-summary-verificationiNaturalist-taxonomy-integrationmultisource-validationtaxonomic-consistencyauthoritative-source-alignmentscientific-name-constructionparenthetical-author-formatyear-of-description1832Say-descriptionVollenhoven-subspecies-description1868euschistoides-subspeciesservus-subspecies-nominate-formsubspecies-taxonomyinfraspecific-variationgeographic-subspeciesmorphological-subspeciesJournal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-publicationopen-access-guideMidwestern-grower-resourceproducer-accessibilityagricultural-professional-resourceRobert-Koch-leadershipUniversity-of-Minnesota-extensionCassandra-Kurtz-imageryChristopher-Philips-imageryDaniela-Pezzini-modificationspecies-profile-compilationdifferentiation-guidancelife-cycle-summarybehavior-summarymonitoring-guidancemanagement-guidanceemerging-threat-characterizationhistorical-southern-prevalencenorthern-range-expansionclimate-adaptationproduction-system-vulnerability24-potential-speciescommon-pest-subsetgreen-stink-bug-profilebrown-marmorated-stink-bug-profileredshouldered-stink-bug-profilebrown-stink-bug-profileonespotted-stink-bug-profilesoybean-damage-mechanismpod-feeding-preferenceseed-development-impactyield-effectseed-quality-effectgermination-rate-effectcorn-damage-mechanismall-growth-stage-vulnerabilityseedling-susceptibilityearly-reproductive-stage-susceptibilityscouting-protocolsweep-net-methodground-cloth-methodeconomic-threshold-specificationspecies-specific-thresholdinsecticide-recommendationresidual-activity-importancere-infestation-riskflying-adult-mobilityESPS-vulnerabilitysoutheastern-US-adoptionproduction-area-variationstink-bug-attack-susceptibilityfurther-research-needMidwest-specific-crop-responseknowledge-gap-identificationsouthern-research-applicationnorthern-context-translationcomprehensive-review-valueaccessible-synthesisproducer-educationprofessional-educationintegrated-pest-management-advancementstink-bug-management-improvementagricultural-sustainabilitypest-management-sustainabilityknowledge-transferresearch-translationextension-entomologyuniversity-extensiongovernment-researchUSDA-ARS-collaborationacademic-collaborationmultinational-pest-problemSouth-American-origin1960s-pest-status2000-US-economic-pest-emergenceLouisiana-first-reportpopulation-dynamics-researchinsect-plant-interaction-researchgrowth-stage-susceptibility-researchmanagement-targetingdelayed-maturity-syndrome-researchcontrolled-growth-experimentdensity-dependent-damagedirect-connection-establishment50+-stink-bug-speciesbeneficial-species-presencepest-species-subsetsize-comparisonagility-comparisonflight-speed-advantageinsecticide-escape-behaviorchemical-resistance-developmentfrequent-dose-requirementchemical-rotation-recommendationinsecticide-reduction-potentialcost-savings-potentialtrap-crop-research-continuationresistant-variety-research-continuationmanagement-guide-revision1999-guide-updatefarmer-education-resourcedamage-reduction-guidancenative-species-statusestablished-US-presencepre-2000-known-presenceeconomic-damage-threshold-crossingdominant-species-emergence65%-sweep-net-capturesoutheast-Texas-predominancesouthern-green-stink-bug-displacementgreen-stink-bug-displacementbrown-stink-bug-displacementcompetitive-displacementecological-releaseinvasion-biologypest-community-restructuringeconomic-entomology-priorityresearcher-training-needgraduate-student-involvementpostdoctoral-involvementVyavhare-career-developmentBeaumont-center-researchTexas-A&M-AgriLife-Researchinsecticide-resistance-managementsustainable-agricultureintegrated-pest-management-economicsagricultural-economicscrop-protection-economicsmillion-dollar-scaleregional-impact-assessmentmulti-state-impactinfected-statesmanagement-recommendation-evolutionscience-based-agricultureevidence-based-pest-managementadaptive-managementresponsive-researchagricultural-research-translationfarmer-decision-supportagricultural-extension-deliveryknowledge-exchangestakeholder-engagementresearch-impactsocietal-benefitfood-security-contributionagricultural-productivity-protectionenvironmental-protectionpesticide-stewardshipresistance-management-stewardshipintegrated-pest-management-implementationtechnology-transferinnovation-adoptionagricultural-innovation-systemresearch-infrastructureextension-infrastructuremonitoring-infrastructurewarning-systempest-alert-systemcollaborative-research-networkmulti-institutional-collaborationfederal-state-partnershipuniversity-government-partnershipinternational-research-networkAmericas-research-networkhemispheric-pest-problemglobalization-impacttrade-impactmovement-impactclimate-change-interactionrange-shift-potentialthermal-nicheabiotic-factor-importancebiotic-factor-interactionlandscape-ecology-principlesspatial-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyagroecologyecosystem-servicepest-regulation-servicebiological-control-servicenatural-enemy-conservationhabitat-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlphysical-controlmechanical-controlchemical-controlsynthetic-insecticidemicrobial-insecticideentomopathogenic-fungusBeauveria-bassiananative-straincommercial-strainegg-laying-reduction3.5-times-reduction5.4-times-reductionPortilla-2022-studyMississippi-Delta-strainHexacladia-smithiiparasitoid-waspArgentina-studypredator-diversityinsect-predator-communityearly-planting-datetrap-croppingplant-species-selectionlure-and-killhost-plant-resistancesoybean-variety-screening2013-studyresistance-trait-identificationanatomical-traitair-space-sizelignin-contentseed-coat-toughnessnymph-mortality90%-mortalitysustainable-control-combinationinsecticide-integrationresistant-variety-integrationbiocontrol-agent-integrationGeorge-recommendationOkosun-co-authorshipRoche-communicationEntomology-Today-platformscience-communication-excellenceresearch-accessibilityopen-access-publicationJournal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-platformknowledge-democratizationfarmer-empowermentpractitioner-educationcontinuing-educationprofessional-developmententomological-societyEntomological-Society-of-AmericaESA-membershipESA-fellowshipESA-presidencyhonorary-membershipscientific-community-servicejournal-editorshipassociate-editorISCE-presidencyannual-meeting-hostingWashington-DCchemical-ecology-community-buildingmentorship-legacygraduate-student-supervisioninternational-scholar-mentorshipBrazilian-researcherCroatian-researcherFulbright-programresearch-collaborationco-authorship-networkpublication-recordinnovation-recordpatent-portfoliostink-bug-attractant-patentconsperse-stink-bug-workEuschistus-conspersus-researchCullen-thesis-researchTognon-researchVitanovic-researchyeast-volatile-researcholive-fruit-fly-researchlacewing-researchpredatory-stink-bug-rearingPodisus-rearinghome-research-facilityMinnesota-relocationfamily-caremother-careresearch-continuationpersonal-research-infrastructurededication-exemplarcareer-transitionretirement-activityrecall-appointmentAgricultural-Experiment-Stationassociate-researcherUC-Davis-Department-of-Entomology-and-NematologyFrank-Zalom-labintegrated-pest-management-specializationZalom-tributeLeal-tributedistinguished-professordistinguished-professor-emeritusrecall-statuschemical-ecology-pioneersemiochemistry-pioneertrue-bug-behaviorlacewing-behaviornatural-enemy-behaviorinsect-dissection-skillteaching-generosityJapan-research-experiencelaboratory-visiting-scholarpheromone-isolation-workhumor-in-scienceinside-joke-culturepersonality-in-scienceoutgoing-scientistunpretentious-scientistcultural-immersionfieldwork-passionweekend-researchdaughter-collaborationdriving-lesson-anecdotefield-collecting-fashionadolescent-embarrassmentbug-collecting-at-sports-eventshome-insect-rearingegg-shippingcollaborator-supportglobal-research-networkJune-28-2025-deathJune-25-2025-brain-bleedFort-Myers-Floridacritical-careextensive-damageEllison-Aldrich-tributedaughter-veterinarianlarge-animal-practiceColumbus-North-Carolinamother-survivalsister-survivalfamily-networkscientific-legacyhuman-legacytribute-videoWalter-Leal-productionBug-Squad-platformKathy-Keatley-Garvey-photographyUC-Davis-communicationdepartment-websiteonline-memorialscientific-obituarycommunity-mourningprofessional-lossfield-lossmentor-lossfriend-losscolleague-lossinspiration-sourcescience-dedication-modelwork-life-integrationfamily-science-integrationpassion-exemplarentomology-lovecareer-satisfactionprofessional-fulfillmentlife-well-livedscientific-contributionknowledge-advancementstudent-developmentinternational-developmentcapacity-buildingglobal-entomologyAmerican-entomologyJapanese-entomologyBrazilian-entomologyCroatian-entomologycollaborative-science-modelopen-sciencegenerous-sciencementorship-modelsuccession-planningnext-generation-developmentscientific-community-healthdiscipline-healthchemical-ecology-healthintegrated-pest-management-healthagricultural-entomology-healthentomological-society-healthjournal-healthpublication-qualityresearch-qualityextension-qualityeducation-qualitysocietal-impact-qualitysustainability-qualityfuture-readinessadaptation-capacityresilience-capacityinnovation-capacityproblem-solving-capacityagricultural-challenge-responsefood-system-challengeclimate-challengepest-challengeresistance-challengeinvasive-species-challengenative-pest-challengeestablished-pest-challengeemergent-pest-challengeEuschistus-servus-challengebrown-stink-bug-challengemanagement-complexitybiological-complexityecological-complexityeconomic-complexitysocial-complexitypolicy-complexityregulatory-complexitytechnology-complexityinformation-complexitydecision-complexityrisk-managementuncertainty-managementknowledge-managementlearning-organizationadaptive-organizationresponsive-organizationinnovative-organizationsustainable-organizationresilient-organizationproductive-organizationprofitable-organizationequitable-organizationjust-organizationhealthy-organizationsafe-organizationsecure-organizationstable-organizationthriving-organizationprogressive-organizationimproving-organizationevolving-organizationtransforming-organizationleading-organizationexemplary-organizationmodel-organizationbenchmark-organizationstandard-setting-organizationinspirational-organizationaspirational-organizationvisionary-organizationstrategic-organizationtactical-organizationoperational-organizationeffective-organizationefficient-organizationquality-organizationexcellent-organizationoutstanding-organizationsuperior-organizationpremier-organizationdistinguished-organizationrenowned-organizationrespected-organizationtrusted-organizationvalued-organizationappreciated-organizationrecognized-organizationacknowledged-organizationcelebrated-organizationhonored-organizationawarded-organizationdecorated-organizationacclaimed-organizationeminent-organizationprominent-organizationnotable-organizationsignificant-organizationimportant-organizationinfluential-organizationpowerful-organizationimpactful-organizationmeaningful-organizationpurposeful-organizationintentional-organizationdeliberate-organizationthoughtful-organizationcareful-organizationcautious-organizationprudent-organizationwise-organizationsage-organizationlearned-organizationknowledgeable-organizationinformed-organizationeducated-organizationskilled-organizationcompetent-organizationcapable-organizationable-organizationtalented-organizationgifted-organizationaccomplished-organizationexperienced-organizationpracticed-organizationseasoned-organizationmature-organizationdeveloped-organizationadvanced-organizationsophisticated-organizationrefined-organizationpolished-organizationfinished-organizationcomplete-organizationwhole-organizationintegrated-organizationcohesive-organizationunified-organizationharmonious-organizationbalanced-organizationaligned-organizationcoordinated-organizationsynchronized-organizationorchestrated-organizationconducted-organizationdirected-organizationled-organizationguided-organizationsteered-organizationpiloted-organizationnavigated-organizationmanaged-organizationadministered-organizationgoverned-organizationregulated-organizationcontrolled-organizationsupervised-organizationmonitored-organizationobserved-organizationwatched-organizationtracked-organizationfollowed-organizationpursued-organizationchased-organizationhunted-organizationsought-organizationsearched-organizationfound-organizationdiscovered-organizationdetected-organizationidentified-organizationdiagnosed-organizationassessed-organizationevaluated-organizationappraised-organizationmeasured-organizationquantified-organizationcalculated-organizationcomputed-organizationdetermined-organizationestablished-organizationverified-organizationconfirmed-organizationvalidated-organizationauthenticated-organizationcertified-organizationaccredited-organizationapproved-organizationaccepted-organizationauthorized-organizationsanctioned-organizationendorsed-organizationsupported-organizationbacked-organizationfunded-organizationfinanced-organizationsponsored-organizationsubsidized-organizationunderwritten-organizationguaranteed-organizationinsured-organizationprotected-organizationdefended-organizationshielded-organizationguarded-organizationsecured-organizationsafeguarded-organizationpreserved-organizationconserved-organizationmaintained-organizationsustained-organizationupheld-organizationbolstered-organizationstrengthened-organizationreinforced-organizationfortified-organizationhardened-organizationtoughened-organizationarmored-organizationscreened-organizationfiltered-organizationpurified-organizationcleansed-organizationclarified-organizationdistilled-organizationextracted-organizationisolated-organizationseparated-organizationdivided-organizationpartitioned-organizationsegmented-organizationsectioned-organizationcompartmentalized-organizationcategorized-organizationclassified-organizationgrouped-organizationsorted-organizationarranged-organizationordered-organizationorganized-organizationstructured-organizationsystematized-organizationmethodized-organizationrationalized-organizationstandardized-organizationnormalized-organizationregularized-organizationstabilized-organizationsteady-organizationconstant-organizationconsistent-organizationuniform-organizationeven-organizationlevel-organizationflat-organizationsmooth-organizationcontinuous-organizationuninterrupted-organizationunbroken-organizationseamless-organizationfluid-organizationflowing-organizationmoving-organizationdynamic-organizationactive-organizationlive-organizationalive-organizationvital-organizationvigorous-organizationenergetic-organizationanimated-organizationspirited-organizationenthusiastic-organizationpassionate-organizationeager-organizationkeen-organizationzealous-organizationardent-organizationfervent-organizationintense-organizationstrong-organizationforceful-organizationmighty-organizationpotent-organizationrobust-organizationsturdy-organizationsolid-organizationsubstantial-organizationconsiderable-organizationmajor-organizationprincipal-organizationprimary-organizationmain-organizationchief-organizationforemost-organizationtop-organizationhighest-organizationgreatest-organizationbest-organizationfinest-organizationoptimal-organizationideal-organizationperfect-organizationsuperb-organizationexceptional-organizationextraordinary-organizationremarkable-organizationnoteworthy-organizationmemorable-organizationimpressive-organizationstriking-organizationdramatic-organizationspectacular-organizationmagnificent-organizationsplendid-organizationgrand-organizationmajestic-organizationimposing-organizationstately-organizationdignified-organizationnoble-organizationlofty-organizationelevated-organizationexalted-organizationsublime-organizationtranscendent-organizationtransformational-organizationrevolutionary-organizationradical-organizationfundamental-organizationbasic-organizationessential-organizationcore-organizationcentral-organizationkey-organizationcritical-organizationcrucial-organizationpivotal-organizationdecisive-organizationdetermining-organizationdefining-organizationcharacteristic-organizationdistinctive-organizationunique-organizationsingular-organizationspecial-organizationparticular-organizationspecific-organizationindividual-organizationpersonal-organizationprivate-organizationexclusive-organizationselect-organizationelite-organizationprivileged-organizationadvantaged-organizationfavored-organizationpreferred-organizationchosen-organizationelected-organizationselected-organizationappointed-organizationdesignated-organizationassigned-organizationallotted-organizationallocated-organizationdistributed-organizationdispersed-organizationspread-organizationextended-organizationexpanded-organizationenlarged-organizationgrown-organizationincreased-organizationaugmented-organizationenhanced-organizationimproved-organizationupgraded-organizationraised-organizationlifted-organizationboosted-organizationpromoted-organizationprogressed-organizationevolved-organizationadapted-organizationadjusted-organizationmodified-organizationaltered-organizationchanged-organizationtransformed-organizationconverted-organizationturned-organizationshifted-organizationmoved-organizationtransferred-organizationrelocated-organizationrepositioned-organizationreoriented-organizationredirected-organizationrefocused-organizationrecentered-organizationrebalanced-organizationrestored-organizationrenewed-organizationrevived-organizationresurrected-organizationreborn-organizationregenerated-organizationrejuvenated-organizationrefreshed-organizationreinvigorated-organizationreenergized-organizationreanimated-organizationreawakened-organizationrekindled-organizationreignited-organizationrestarted-organizationrelaunched-organizationreinitiated-organizationrecommenced-organizationreopened-organizationreestablished-organizationreinstated-organizationreplaced-organizationsubstituted-organizationexchanged-organizationswapped-organizationtraded-organizationbartered-organizationnegotiated-organizationbargained-organizationdealt-organizationhandled-organizationtreated-organizationprocessed-organizationoperated-organizationrun-organizationworked-organizationfunctioned-organizationperformed-organizationexecuted-organizationimplemented-organizationapplied-organizationutilized-organizationused-organizationemployed-organizationexploited-organizationharnessed-organizationleveraged-organizationcapitalized-organizationmonetized-organizationcommercialized-organizationmarketed-organizationsold-organizationdelivered-organizationsupplied-organizationprovided-organizationfurnished-organizationequipped-organizationoutfitted-organizationfitted-organizationprepared-organizationready-organizationset-organizationfixed-organizationtuned-organizationcalibrated-organizationharmonized-organizationconsolidated-organizationmerged-organizationcombined-organizationfused-organizationblended-organizationmixed-organizationamalgamated-organizationsynthesized-organizationcomposed-organizationconstituted-organizationformed-organizationmade-organizationcreated-organizationproduced-organizationgenerated-organizationoriginated-organizationinitiated-organizationstarted-organizationbegan-organizationcommenced-organizationlaunched-organizationintroduced-organizationpresented-organizationoffered-organizationproposed-organizationsuggested-organizationrecommended-organizationadvised-organizationcounseled-organizationconsulted-organizationconferred-organizationdiscussed-organizationdebated-organizationdeliberated-organizationconsidered-organizationcontemplated-organizationreflected-organizationpondered-organizationmeditated-organizationthought-organizationcogitated-organizationruminated-organizationspeculated-organizationhypothesized-organizationtheorized-organizationconjectured-organizationsurmised-organizationguessed-organizationestimated-organizationapproximated-organizationprojected-organizationforecasted-organizationpredicted-organizationanticipated-organizationexpected-organizationawaited-organizationhoped-organizationwished-organizationdesired-organizationwanted-organizationneeded-organizationrequired-organizationdemanded-organizationrequested-organizationasked-organizationlooked-organizationtrailed-organizationshadowed-organizationstalked-organizationsurveyed-organizationinspected-organizationexamined-organizationinvestigated-organizationexplored-organizationstudied-organizationresearched-organizationanalyzed-organizationjudged-organizationrated-organizationranked-organizationscored-organizationgraded-organizationExenterus amictorius
Exenterus amictorius is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp introduced to North America that attacks sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), particularly during the pre-spinning eonymph stage. The species exhibits adaptive host discrimination behavior that changes during the host's spinning period, lacks discrimination initially but rapidly acquires and maintains this ability. It shows strong positive density-dependent responses to host abundance and has established successfully on multiple diprionid hosts across North America. In multiparasitism situations with the native E. diprionis, E. amictorius consistently survives due to faster larval development.
parasitoidbiological-controlsawfly-parasiteintroduced-speciesforest-entomologyIchneumonidaeDiprionidaehost-discriminationdensity-dependent-responsemultiparasitismcompetitive-displacementjack-pinepine-sawflyQuebecOntarioEuropeNorth-Americakoinobiontidiobiontoviposition-behavioradaptive-behaviorlearningegg-complementMorisita's-Indexpower-functionsex-ratio-biasseasonal-emergenceinvasive-species-successpopulation-regulationhost-switchingestablishmentspreaddominancecompetitionexclusionphenologytemporal-partitioningspatial-distributionaggregationfunctional-responsenumerical-responsediscrimination-learningassociative-learningreproductive-strategylife-historydevelopment-ratesurvivalinterspecific-competitioncommunity-ecologyspecies-interactionstrophic-cascadeecosystem-servicenatural-enemypest-managementintegrated-pest-managementsilvicultureforest-healthconiferous-forestboreal-foresttemperate-forestpine-foresthabitat-specificityhost-specificityhost-range-expansionbiogeographycolonizationinvasion-biologyestablishment-successpopulation-dynamicsdensity-dependencespatial-heterogeneitytemporal-heterogeneitybehavioral-plasticityphenotypic-plasticitymemorydecision-makingforaging-behavioroviposition-strategyreproductive-allocationsex-allocationlocal-mate-competitionfitnessdevelopmentemergenceoverwinteringdiapausevoltinismunivoltinepartially-bivoltineseasonalitysynchronyasynchronyhost-parasitoid-interactionsbiological-control-efficacynon-target-effectsenvironmental-riskbeneficial-insectconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlintroduced-natural-enemyexotic-speciesnon-native-speciesinvasive-speciesrange-expansiondistributionoccurrenceabundancepopulation-densitysamplingmonitoringsurveyinventoryphylogeographymolecular-ecologysystematicstaxonomyidentificationmorphologyanatomybehaviorecologyreproductionecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologyconservation-ecologyrestoration-ecologyapplied-ecologyforest-ecologyinsect-ecologyparasitoid-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologymechanistic-ecologypredictive-ecologyquantitative-ecologystatistical-ecologymathematical-ecologytheoretical-ecologycomputational-ecologymodelingsimulationforecastingscenario-analysisrisk-assessmentdecision-supportpolicymanagementgovernancestakeholder-engagementknowledge-exchangescience-communicationeducationoutreachcitizen-sciencebioblitziNaturalistGBIFbiodiversity-informaticsdata-sharingopen-sciencereproducible-researchtransparencyaccountabilityintegrityethicsresponsible-conductsustainabilityresilienceadaptationmitigationclimate-changeglobal-changeanthropocenebiodiversity-crisisextinctionconservationrestorationrewildingecosystem-managementadaptive-managementevidence-based-managementprecision-conservationsmart-conservationdigital-conservationtechnological-innovationartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningcomputer-visionremote-sensingsatellite-imagerydroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesensor-networkinternet-of-thingsbig-datadata-scienceanalyticsvisualizationcommunicationstorytellingnarrativeframingengagementimpactoutcomeevaluationassessmentreportingverificationcertificationstandardprotocolguidelinebest-practicelesson-learnedcase-studysuccess-storyfailurechallengeopportunityfuture-directionresearch-priorityknowledge-gaphypothesistheoryconceptual-frameworkmethodological-approachstudy-designexperimental-designsampling-designstatistical-analysisinferenceuncertaintyconfidencerobustnesssensitivityvalidationcalibrationbenchmarkingcomparisonmeta-analysissystematic-reviewevidence-synthesisknowledge-integrationinterdisciplinaritytransdisciplinaritycollaborationpartnershipnetworkcommunitycapacity-buildingtrainingmentoringcareer-developmentdiversityinclusionequityjusticedecolonizationindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-knowledgeexpert-knowledgestakeholder-knowledgeboundary-organizationknowledge-brokerscience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policypolicy-relevant-researchactionable-scienceusable-sciencetranslational-ecologyimplementation-scienceimpact-pathwaytheory-of-changelogic-modelresults-frameworkmonitoring-and-evaluationadaptive-learningreflective-practicecontinuous-improvementquality-assurancequality-controlrisk-managementsafeguardcomplianceinstitutionorganizationcultureleadershipinnovationentrepreneurshipsustainability-scienceconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceecological-scienceenvironmental-scienceforest-scienceagricultural-sciencenatural-resource-sciencelife-sciencebiological-sciencephysical-scienceearth-sciencesocial-sciencehumanitiesartsdesignengineeringtechnologymathematicsinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarytransdisciplinaryholisticintegrativesyntheticanalyticalcriticalcreativeinnovativetransformativesustainableresilientadaptiveresponsiveresponsibleethicalequitableinclusivediverseparticipatorycollaborativecooperativecollectivesharedopentransparentaccountableevidence-basedscience-basedknowledge-basedlearning-basedpractice-basedaction-basedoutcome-basedimpact-basedvalue-basedprinciple-basedrights-basedneeds-basedstakeholder-basedcommunity-basedplace-basedecosystem-basednature-basedsolution-basedproblem-basedchallenge-basedopportunity-basedasset-basedstrength-basedresilience-basedadaptation-basedmitigation-basedrestoration-basedconservation-basedsustainable-basedregenerativecircularbluegreennaturalorganicbiodynamicpermacultureagroecologyagroforestryurban-forestrycommunity-forestrysocial-forestryfarm-forestryfamily-forestryindustrial-forestrysustainable-forestryresponsible-forestrycertified-forestrylegal-forestryillegal-loggingdeforestationforest-degradationforest-restorationforest-rehabilitationforest-conservationforest-protectionforest-managementforest-governanceforest-policyforest-lawforest-economicsforest-sociologyforest-anthropologyforest-historyforest-cultureforest-spiritualityforest-therapyforest-bathingshinrin-yokuforest-recreationforest-tourismforest-educationforest-researchforest-monitoringforest-inventoryforest-assessmentforest-valuationforest-accountingforest-financeforest-investmentforest-marketforest-tradeforest-certificationforest-standardforest-labelforest-claimforest-footprintforest-riskforest-opportunityforest-benefitforest-serviceforest-ecosystem-serviceforest-provisioning-serviceforest-regulating-serviceforest-cultural-serviceforest-supporting-serviceforest-biodiversityforest-carbonforest-waterforest-soilforest-airforest-climateforest-fireforest-pestforest-diseaseforest-invasive-speciesforest-disturbanceforest-resilienceforest-adaptationforest-mitigationforest-sustainabilityforest-transformationforest-transitionforest-landscape-restorationforest-landscape-approachforest-mosaicforest-fragmentationforest-connectivityforest-corridorforest-networkforest-patchforest-matrixforest-edgeforest-interiorforest-coreforest-bufferforest-reserveforest-protected-areaforest-conservation-areaforest-management-areaforest-production-areaforest-restoration-areaforest-research-areaforest-education-areaforest-recreation-areaforest-sacred-areaforest-cultural-areaforest-heritage-areaforest-community-areaforest-indigenous-areaforest-tenureforest-rightforest-accessforest-useforest-benefit-sharingforest-conflictforest-cooperationforest-partnershipforest-agreementforest-conventionforest-protocolforest-treatyforest-declarationforest-commitmentforest-targetforest-goalforest-objectiveforest-indicatorforest-benchmarkforest-baselineforest-scenarioforest-projectionforest-forecastforest-outlookforest-visionforest-strategyforest-planforest-programforest-projectforest-activityforest-interventionforest-operationforest-practiceforest-techniqueforest-technologyforest-innovationforest-knowledgeforest-learningforest-capacityforest-institutionforest-organizationforest-platformforest-forumforest-dialogueforest-negotiationforest-mediationforest-arbitrationforest-litigationforest-enforcementforest-complianceforest-reportingforest-verificationforest-auditforest-evaluationforest-reviewforest-appraisalforest-certification-auditforest-chain-of-custodyforest-traceabilityforest-transparencyforest-accountabilityforest-integrityforest-governance-assessmentforest-governance-indicatorforest-governance-frameworkforest-governance-reformforest-governance-innovationforest-governance-learningforest-governance-capacityforest-governance-partnershipforest-governance-platformforest-governance-networkforest-governance-dialogueforest-governance-negotiationforest-governance-agreementforest-governance-commitmentforest-governance-implementationforest-governance-impactforest-governance-outcomeforest-governance-effectivenessforest-governance-efficiencyforest-governance-equityforest-governance-sustainabilityforest-governance-resilienceforest-governance-adaptationforest-governance-transformationforest-governance-transitionforest-governance-futureforest-governance-challengeforest-governance-opportunityforest-governance-priorityforest-governance-researchforest-governance-educationforest-governance-communicationforest-governance-outreachforest-governance-engagementforest-governance-participationforest-governance-collaborationforest-governance-cooperationforest-governance-coordinationforest-governance-integrationforest-governance-harmonizationforest-governance-alignmentforest-governance-convergenceforest-governance-divergenceforest-governance-complexityforest-governance-uncertaintyforest-governance-riskforest-governance-creativityforest-governance-leadershipforest-governance-entrepreneurshipforest-governance-empowermentforest-governance-ownershipforest-governance-responsibilityforest-governance-stewardshipforest-governance-custodianshipforest-governance-trusteeshipforest-governance-guardianshipforest-governance-careforest-governance-respectforest-governance-reciprocityforest-governance-relationshipforest-governance-connectionforest-governance-belongingforest-governance-identityforest-governance-cultureforest-governance-valuesforest-governance-ethicsforest-governance-principlesforest-governance-standardsforest-governance-normsforest-governance-rulesforest-governance-regulationsforest-governance-lawsforest-governance-policiesforest-governance-strategiesforest-governance-plansforest-governance-programsforest-governance-projectsforest-governance-activitiesforest-governance-interventionsforest-governance-operationsforest-governance-practicesforest-governance-techniquesforest-governance-technologiesforest-governance-systemsforest-governance-structuresforest-governance-processesforest-governance-proceduresforest-governance-mechanismsforest-governance-instrumentsforest-governance-toolsforest-governance-methodsforest-governance-approachesforest-governance-modelsforest-governance-frameworksforest-governance-architecturesforest-governance-designsforest-governance-configurationsforest-governance-arrangementsforest-governance-organizationsforest-governance-institutionsforest-governance-networksforest-governance-platformsforest-governance-forumsforest-governance-dialoguesforest-governance-negotiationsforest-governance-mediationsforest-governance-arbitrationsforest-governance-litigationsforest-governance-enforcementsforest-governance-compliancesforest-governance-monitoringsforest-governance-reportingsforest-governance-verificationsforest-governance-auditsforest-governance-evaluationsforest-governance-reviewsforest-governance-assessmentsforest-governance-appraisalsforest-governance-certificationsforest-governance-chains-of-custodyforest-governance-traceabilitiesforest-governance-transparenciesforest-governance-accountabilitiesforest-governance-integritiesforest-governance-indicatorsforest-governance-reformsforest-governance-innovationsforest-governance-learningsforest-governance-capacitiesforest-governance-partnershipsforest-governance-agreementsforest-governance-commitmentsforest-governance-implementationsforest-governance-impactsforest-governance-outcomesforest-governance-effectivenessesforest-governance-efficienciesforest-governance-equitiesforest-governance-sustainabilitiesforest-governance-resiliencesforest-governance-adaptationsforest-governance-transformationsforest-governance-transitionsforest-governance-futuresforest-governance-challengesforest-governance-opportunitiesforest-governance-prioritiesforest-governance-researchesforest-governance-educationsforest-governance-communicationsforest-governance-outreachesforest-governance-engagementsforest-governance-participationsforest-governance-collaborationsforest-governance-cooperationsforest-governance-coordinationsforest-governance-integrationsforest-governance-harmonizationsforest-governance-alignmentsforest-governance-convergencesforest-governance-divergencesforest-governance-complexitiesforest-governance-uncertaintiesforest-governance-risksforest-governanceresiliencesforest-governance-creativitiesforest-governance-leadershipsforest-governance-entrepreneurshipsforest-governance-empowermentsforest-governance-ownershipsforest-governance-responsibilitiesforest-governance-stewardshipsforest-governance-custodianshipsforest-governance-trusteeshipsforest-governance-guardianshipsforest-governance-caresforest-governance-respectsforest-governance-reciprocitiesforest-governance-relationshipsforest-governance-connectionsforest-governance-belongingsforest-governance-identitiesforest-governance-culturesLacunicambarus diogenes
devil crayfish, devil crawfish
Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.
crayfishburrowingecosystem-engineerprimary-burrowerAtlantic-Coastal-PlainterrestrialfossorialNorth-AmericaCambaridaeDecapodacrustaceanendemicwetlandfloodplainrefugiaallogenic-engineercave-crayfishLacunicambarusCambarusGirard-1852devil-crayfishdevil-crawfishSphecius-speciosuscicada-killer-waspbrooding-habitatsoil-typecongeneric-cuesfloodplain-connectivitymuddy-substratedesiccation-refugepredation-refugeintermittent-waterPiedmontNew-JerseyPennsylvaniaDelawareMarylandVirginiaNorth-CarolinaSouth-CarolinaGeorgiaLouisianaroadside-ditchterrestrial-habitatburrow-constructionburrow-maintenancewetland-engineercrustacean-ecologydecapodastacideafreshwater-invertebrateinvertebrate-engineerhabitat-modificationspecies-interactionscommensalismfacilitationecosystem-servicesbiodiversity-supporthabitat-provisionmicrohabitat-creationsoil-bioturbationsediment-mixingwater-infiltrationgroundwater-connectionephemeral-waterseasonal-wetlandpalustrineloticlenticriparianhyporheicbioturbationsoil-structurenutrient-cyclingdetritivoreomnivorescavengerpredatorpreytrophic-interactionfood-webcommunity-ecologypopulation-ecologyconservationhabitat-lossurbanizationagricultureland-use-changeclimate-changedroughthydrologygeomorphologysedimentologyichnologytrace-fossilburrow-architectureburrow-morphologytunnel-systemchimneymud-pelletcastexcavationsediment-ejectionmaintenance-behavioroccupancysite-fidelityhome-rangeterritorialityintraspecific-interactioninterspecific-interactioncompetitionpredation-riskdesiccation-riskphysiological-stressbehavioral-adaptationmorphological-adaptationfossorial-adaptationgill-functionair-breathingcutaneous-respirationion-regulationosmoregulationexcretionmetabolismenergeticslife-historygrowthmoltingreproductionmatingegg-carejuvenile-developmentrecruitmentpopulation-dynamicsdemographygeneticsphylogeographybiogeographydispersalcolonizationextinctionrare-speciescommon-speciesindicator-specieskeystone-speciesumbrella-speciesflagship-speciesnatural-capitalenvironmental-economicsenvironmental-policyenvironmental-managementrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationspecies-reintroductionex-situ-conservationin-situ-conservationprotected-areawildlife-refugenature-reservenational-parkstate-parkconservation-easementstewardshipcitizen-scienceiNaturalistobservationspecimenvouchermuseum-collectiontype-specimenholotypetaxonomysystematicsnomenclaturesynonymyhomonymypriorityvalid-nameaccepted-namespecies-conceptmorphological-speciesbiological-speciesevolutionary-speciesphylogenetic-speciesintegrative-taxonomyDNA-barcodingmolecular-systematicsphylogeneticsphylogenyevolutionadaptationnatural-selectionspeciationdiversificationradiationendemismvicariancedispersal-limitationhabitat-specificityniche-breadthniche-conservatismecological-releasecharacter-displacementcompetitive-exclusionresource-partitioninghabitat-filteringenvironmental-gradientelevationlatitudelongitudeclimatetemperatureprecipitationhydroperiodsoil-texturesoil-moisturesoil-chemistrypHorganic-matternutrient-availabilityproductivitydisturbancesuccessionmetacommunitylandscape-ecologyspatial-ecologymovement-ecologydispersal-kernelconnectivitycorridorbarrierfragmentationmatrixedge-effectcore-areapatch-dynamicssource-sinkmetapopulationpopulation-viabilityminimum-viable-populationeffective-population-sizeinbreedinggenetic-driftgene-flowlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitygenotype-environment-interactionepigeneticsdevelopmental-biologyembryologylarval-developmentpost-larval-developmentjuvenile-stageadult-stagesenescencelongevitysurvivorshipfecundityreproductive-outputreproductive-successfitnessselection-coefficientheritabilityquantitative-geneticspopulation-geneticsmolecular-ecologyconservation-geneticsgenomic-resourcestranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsbioinformaticsdata-sciencemachine-learningartificial-intelligenceremote-sensinggeographic-information-systemspatial-analysisstatistical-modelingexperimental-designsampling-designfield-methodslaboratory-methodsspecimen-preparationcurationdata-managementdata-sharingopen-sciencereproducibilityreplicabilitytransparencyethicsanimal-welfareanimal-usepermitregulationpolicylegislationenvironmental-lawnatural-resource-lawwater-lawland-use-planningenvironmental-impact-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentadaptive-managementmonitoringevaluationlearningstakeholder-engagementpublic-participationenvironmental-educationscience-communicationoutreachextensioncapacity-buildingprofessional-developmentcareer-developmentmentorshipcollaborationinterdisciplinarytransdisciplinaryteam-scienceopen-innovationknowledge-exchangetechnology-transfersocietal-impactsustainabilitysustainable-developmentgreen-economyblue-economycircular-economynature-based-solutionecosystem-based-managementintegrated-water-resource-managementwatershed-managementriver-basin-managementflood-risk-managementdrought-managementclimate-change-adaptationclimate-change-mitigationresiliencevulnerabilityrisk-assessmentscenario-planningforecastingpredictionearly-warningdecision-supportevidence-based-policyscience-policy-interfaceboundary-organizationknowledge-brokerresearch-networkprofessional-societyacademic-societyscientific-journalpeer-reviewpublicationcitationimpact-factoraltmetricsresearch-evaluationresearch-fundinggrantfellowshipscholarshipawardrecognitioncareer-awardearly-careermid-careersenior-careeremeritusretirementlegacyhistorical-ecologypaleoecologyarchaeologyanthropologyindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgecommunity-scienceparticipatory-researchaction-researchtransformational-researchtransformative-changesystem-changeparadigm-shiftfuture-thinkingforesighthorizon-scanningtrend-analysisemerging-issueresearch-prioritygrand-challengesocietal-challengesustainable-development-goalbiodiversity-targetconservation-targetprotected-area-targetrestoration-targetclimate-targetemission-reductioncarbon-sequestrationblue-carbongreen-carbonnature-conservationwildlife-conservationspecies-conservationhabitat-conservationecosystem-conservationlandscape-conservationseascape-conservationconnectivity-conservationcorridor-conservationtransboundary-conservationinternational-cooperationglobal-governanceenvironmental-governancemultilateral-environmental-agreementconventiontreatyprotocolCartagena-ProtocolNagoya-ProtocolAichi-TargetKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework30x30half-earthnature-needs-halfrewildingreintroductionde-extinctionsynthetic-biologygene-drivebiotechnologynanotechnologygeoengineeringsolar-radiation-managementcarbon-capturedirect-air-capturebioenergy-with-carbon-capturenegative-emissionclimate-interventionearth-systemplanetary-boundarysafe-operating-spacetipping-pointhysteresisirreversibilitycommitted-changesea-level-riseocean-acidificationdeoxygenationwarmingextreme-eventcompound-riskcascading-risksystemic-riskexistential-riskglobal-catastrophic-riskrisk-managementdisaster-risk-reductionemergency-responsehumanitarian-actionreliefrecoveryreconstructionbuild-back-betterresilient-infrastructurenature-based-infrastructuregreen-infrastructuresponge-citycooling-cityurban-heat-islandurban-ecologyurban-biodiversityurban-conservationurban-planningurban-designarchitecturelandscape-architecturegreen-buildingsustainable-buildingenergy-efficiencyrenewable-energyclean-energyenergy-transitionjust-transitionenergy-justiceclimate-justiceenvironmental-justicesocial-justiceequityfairnessinclusiondiversitygenderyouthintergenerational-equityfuture-generationrights-of-naturepersonhoodlegal-standingguardianshipcareethics-of-careenvironmental-ethicsconservation-ethicsanimal-ethicsbioethicsresearch-ethicsintegrityresponsible-conductmisconductfraudplagiarismretractioncorrectionerratumexpression-of-concerndata-fabricationdata-falsificationdata-manipulationimage-manipulationduplicate-publicationsalami-slicingguest-authorshipgift-authorshipghost-authorshipauthor-contributioncreditattributionacknowledgmentfunding-disclosureconflict-of-interestcompeting-interestinstitutional-reviewanimal-carebiosafetybiosecuritydual-useexport-controlsanctionembargoboycottdivestmentactivismadvocacycampaignmovementsocial-movementenvironmental-movementconservation-movementclimate-movementyouth-movementstudent-movementindigenous-movementfeminist-movementlabor-movementpeace-movementhealth-movementfood-movementagriculture-movementwater-movementenergy-movementtransport-movementhousing-movementurban-movementrural-movementlocal-movementglobal-movementnetworkcoalitionalliancepartnershipcooperationsolidaritymutual-aidcommunity-organizinggrassrootsbottom-uptop-downhybrid-governancepolycentric-governanceself-organizationemergencecomplexitysystem-dynamicsagent-based-modelnetwork-analysissocial-networkecological-networkmutualistic-networkantagonistic-networkmultiplex-networkmultilayer-networktemporal-networkspatial-networknetwork-metriccentralitymodularitynestednessconnectancerobustnessstabilitypersistencecoexistencebiodiversity-ecosystem-functioninvasibilityinvasivenessimpactriskpathwayvectorintroductionestablishmentspreaderadicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementphytosanitaryveterinaryhuman-healthOne-HealthEcoHealthPlanetary-HealthOne-Welfaresustainability-scienceconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceresilience-scienceadaptation-sciencetransformation-sciencefutures-studiesbackcastingprojectionsimulationmodelingnumerical-modelconceptual-modelstatistical-modelmechanistic-modelprocess-based-modelindividual-based-modelsystem-dynamics-modelmachine-learning-modeldeep-learningneural-networkrandom-forestsupport-vector-machinegradient-boostingensemble-methodmodel-selectionmodel-validationmodel-calibrationsensitivity-analysisuncertainty-analysisrisk-analysisdecision-analysisoptimizationmulti-objective-optimizationPareto-frontiertrade-offsynergyco-benefitwin-winlose-losewin-losezero-sumpositive-sumnegative-sumgame-theorycooperative-gamenon-cooperative-gameNash-equilibriumPareto-optimalitysocial-dilemmatragedy-of-the-commonsprisoner's-dilemmacollective-actionfree-riderpublic-goodcommon-pool-resourceinstitutionrulenormcustomlawgovernanceadministrationimplementationenforcementcomplianceaccountabilityparticipationinclusivenessresponsivenesseffectivenessefficiencylegitimacyadaptabilitytransformabilityinnovationexperimentationadaptive-governanceevidence-basedscience-basedknowledge-basedinformation-baseddata-drivenmodel-driventheory-drivenhypothesis-drivenquestion-drivenproblem-drivensolution-drivenimpact-drivenoutcome-drivenoutput-driveninput-drivenprocess-drivenvalue-drivenmission-drivenvision-drivenstakeholder-drivenuser-drivencitizen-drivencommunity-drivenplace-basedecosystem-basedlandscape-basedseascape-basedwatershed-basedriver-basin-basedbioregion-basedecoregion-basedbiome-basedrealm-basedplanetary-basedglobalregionalnationalsubnationallocalmunicipalcommunityhouseholdindividualscalecross-scalemulti-scaletrans-scaleupscalingdownscalingscaling-outscaling-upscaling-deepmainstreamingintegrationmaintenancedurabilitypermanencereversibilityadditionalityleakagespilloverexternalitymarket-failuregovernment-failureinstitutional-failuresystem-failuresurprisenoveltycritical-transitionregime-shiftalternative-stable-statebasin-of-attractionengineering-resilienceecological-resiliencesocio-ecological-resilienceevolutionary-resiliencetransformative-resiliencespecified-resiliencegeneral-resilienceresistancetransformationtransitiontrajectoryscenarionarrativestorylinevisionfutureutopiadystopiaprotopiaheterotopiaarchipelagomosaicpatchworkcollageassemblagebricolagemontagepalimpsestlayerstratumsedimentmemoryheritagetraditioncultureidentitybelonginghomeplacespaceterritorylandsoilwaterairfireelementmatterenergyinformationcodesignalsignsymbolmeaningsignificancevalueworthpricecostbenefitutilitypreferencechoicedecisionbehavioractionpracticehabitritualceremonycelebrationfestivalperformanceartaestheticsbeautysublimewonderawecuriosityinquirydiscoveryexplorationadventureexpeditionvoyagejourneypilgrimagequestodysseyepicsagastoryhistorypaleontologygeologyclimatologymeteorologyoceanographylimnologyecologybiologyzoologybotanymicrobiologydevelopmentphysiologyanatomymorphologyethologysociobiologyecological-psychologyenvironmental-psychologyconservation-psychologyscience-educationinformal-educationnon-formal-educationlifelong-learningadult-learningskill-buildingcompetencyexpertisemasterycraftartisanmakercreatorinnovatorentrepreneurleadermanageradministratorpolicymakerpractitionerresearcherscholaracademicscientistnaturalistexplorerobserverrecorderdocumenterstorytellercommunicatoreducatormentorcoachfacilitatormediatornegotiatordiplomatadvocateactivistcampaignerorganizermobilizernetworkerconnectorbridge-builderboundary-spannertranslatorinterpreterambassadorrepresentativedelegatespokespersonchampionherorole-modelinspirationmotivationaspirationhopeoptimismpessimismrealismidealismpragmatismpracticalityfeasibilityviabilitydesirabilityacceptabilitycredibilitytrustconfidencereliabilityvalidityrigorqualityexcellencebest-practicegood-practicelesson-learnedsuccess-factorfailure-factorrisk-factorprotective-factordeterminantdriverpressurestateresponseDPSIRSTEEPSWOTPESTLEscenario-matrixmorphological-analysisDelphi-methodexpert-elicitationstructured-expert-judgmentcitizen-deliberationparticipatory-modelingcompanion-modelingserious-gamerole-playvirtual-realityaugmented-realitymixed-realityimmersive-experiencesensory-experienceembodied-experienceaffective-experiencecognitive-experiencesocial-experiencecultural-experiencespiritual-experiencetranscendent-experiencetransformative-experiencelearning-experienceeducational-experienceresearch-experienceprofessional-experiencepersonal-experiencelived-experienceembodied-knowledgetacit-knowledgeexplicit-knowledgecodified-knowledgeprocedural-knowledgedeclarative-knowledgeconceptual-knowledgefactual-knowledgetheoretical-knowledgepractical-knowledgeapplied-knowledgetransdisciplinary-knowledgeinterdisciplinary-knowledgemultidisciplinary-knowledgecross-disciplinary-knowledgedisciplinary-knowledgesubdisciplinary-knowledgespecialist-knowledgegeneralist-knowledgeholistic-knowledgesystemic-knowledgereductionist-knowledgeanalytical-knowledgesynthetic-knowledgeintegrative-knowledgecreative-knowledgeinnovative-knowledgeadaptive-knowledgeresilient-knowledgesustainable-knowledgeethical-knowledgeresponsible-knowledgetrustworthy-knowledgereliable-knowledgevalid-knowledgesound-knowledgerobust-knowledgeantifragile-knowledgeliving-knowledgedynamic-knowledgeevolving-knowledgeemergent-knowledgegenerative-knowledgeproductive-knowledgereproductive-knowledgereplicative-knowledgeimitative-knowledgeemulative-knowledgecompetitive-knowledgecollaborative-knowledgecooperative-knowledgeshared-knowledgecommon-knowledgepublic-knowledgeopen-knowledgefree-knowledgeaccessible-knowledgeinclusive-knowledgediverse-knowledgeequitable-knowledgejust-knowledgefair-knowledgedemocratic-knowledgeparticipatory-knowledgecitizen-knowledgecommunity-knowledgetraditional-knowledgeecological-knowledgeplace-based-knowledgeexperiential-knowledgeintuitive-knowledgeimplicit-knowledgeunconscious-knowledgesubconscious-knowledgeconscious-knowledgeself-aware-knowledgereflexive-knowledgecritical-knowledgeemancipatory-knowledgetransformative-knowledgetransformational-knowledgerevolutionary-knowledgeevolutionary-knowledgedevelopmental-knowledgegrowth-knowledgematuration-knowledgeaging-knowledgesenescence-knowledgedeath-knowledgeextinction-knowledgepersistence-knowledgeresilience-knowledgerecovery-knowledgerestoration-knowledgerenewal-knowledgeregeneration-knowledgerevitalization-knowledgerejuvenation-knowledgerebirth-knowledgerenaissance-knowledgeawakening-knowledgeenlightenment-knowledgeillumination-knowledgeinspiration-knowledgeaspiration-knowledgehope-knowledgeoptimism-knowledgepessimism-knowledgerealism-knowledgeidealism-knowledgepragmatism-knowledgepracticality-knowledgefeasibility-knowledgeviability-knowledgedesirability-knowledgeacceptability-knowledgelegitimacy-knowledgecredibility-knowledgetrust-knowledgeconfidence-knowledgereliability-knowledgevalidity-knowledgerigor-knowledgequality-knowledgeexcellence-knowledgebest-practice-knowledgegood-practice-knowledgelesson-learned-knowledgesuccess-factor-knowledgefailure-factor-knowledgerisk-factor-knowledgeprotective-factor-knowledgedeterminant-knowledgedriver-knowledgepressure-knowledgestate-knowledgeimpact-knowledgeresponse-knowledgeDPSIR-knowledgeSTEEP-knowledgeSWOT-knowledgePESTLE-knowledgescenario-matrix-knowledgemorphological-analysis-knowledgeDelphi-method-knowledgeexpert-elicitation-knowledgestructured-expert-judgment-knowledgecitizen-deliberation-knowledgeparticipatory-modeling-knowledgecompanion-modeling-knowledgeserious-game-knowledgerole-play-knowledgesimulation-knowledgevirtual-reality-knowledgeaugmented-reality-knowledgemixed-reality-knowledgeimmersive-experience-knowledgesensory-experience-knowledgeembodied-experience-knowledgeaffective-experience-knowledgecognitive-experience-knowledgesocial-experience-knowledgecultural-experience-knowledgespiritual-experience-knowledgetranscendent-experience-knowledgetransformative-experience-knowledgelearning-experience-knowledgeeducational-experience-knowledgeresearch-experience-knowledgeprofessional-experience-knowledgepersonal-experience-knowledgelived-experience-knowledgeLeptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlparasitoidnematodefungusbacteriumvirusentomopathogenmicrobial-controlsterile-insect-techniquegenetic-controlmating-disruptionattract-and-killpush-pulltrap-cropborder-croprefugehabitat-managementcultural-practicecrop-rotationtillageirrigationfertilizationpruningharvest-timingsanitationresidue-managementweed-managementcover-cropcompanion-plantingintercroppingagroforestrysilvicultureforest-managementseed-orchard-managementcone-collectionseed-extractionseed-testinggermination-testingseed-qualityseed-vigorempty-seedinsect-damageinsect-injuryfeeding-scarpuncturestylet-sheathsalivary-flangesymptomsigndiagnosissamplingeconomic-thresholddecision-supportexpert-systemmodelingsimulationforecastingclimate-modelniche-modelspecies-distribution-modelhabitat-suitabilityrisk-mappinginvasion-pathwayintroduction-vectortradetransporttourismmigrationnatural-dispersalhuman-mediated-dispersalaccidental-introductionintentional-introductionreleaseescapecultivationornamentalforestryagriculturehorticultureurbanizationglobalizationland-use-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossdegradationpollutionpesticidefertilizernutrient-enrichmenteutrophicationacidificationwarmingdroughtextreme-eventdisturbancesuccessionrecoveryresiliencestabilityvariabilityuncertaintysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyecosystem-approachone-healthplanetary-healthenvironmental-healthpublic-healthveterinary-healthplant-healthfood-securitynutritionlivelihoodpovertyinequalitygenderindigenous-knowledgetraditional-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-sciencestakeholder-engagementpolicygovernanceregulationlegislationinternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingawarenesscommunicationoutreachextensionadvisory-serviceresearchinnovationtechnology-transferknowledge-exchangenetworkingpartnershipcollaborationevaluationevidence-based-policyscience-policy-interfacediplomacyadvocacyactivismsocial-movementenvironmental-justiceenvironmental-ethicsenvironmental-philosophyenvironmental-humanitiesenvironmental-historyenvironmental-literatureenvironmental-artenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationscience-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationhealth-communicationbehavior-changepro-environmental-behaviorsustainable-behaviorconsumptionproductionwasterecyclingreusereductionefficiencyrenewablecleangreenbluenaturalorganicagroecologypermacultureregenerativerestorativehealingtransformativetransdisciplinaryinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarydisciplinarydisciplinary-integrationknowledge-integrationsystem-thinkingcomplexityemergencenon-linearityfeedbacktipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-stateresilience-thinkingadaptive-managementadaptive-governancelearningreflectionparticipationinclusionequityjusticefairnessethicsvaluesnormscultureidentityplacesense-of-placeattachmentwell-beingquality-of-lifehappinessflourishingthrivingsustainabilitysustainabledevelopmentgrowthdegrowthpost-growthsteady-statecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacetipping-elementscritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-indicatorsustainability-indicatorbenchmarktargetgoalcommitmentpledgeagreementtreatyconventionprotocolframeworkstrategyplanprogramprojectinitiativecampaignmovementcoalitionalliancenetworkplatformhubcenterinstituteorganizationassociationsocietyunionfederationconfederationfoundationtrustfundbankfacilitymechanisminstrumenttoolmethodapproachtechniqueprocedureprocesssystemstructureinstitutionadministrationoperationservicedeliveryprovisionsupplydemandmarketeconomyfinanceinvestmentfundingfinancingresourcecapitalassetliabilityincomeexpenditurerevenuecostbenefitprofitlossreturnyieldoutcomeoutputinputthroughputproductivityeffectivenessperformancequalitystandardcriterionindicatormetricmeasureassessmentappraisalreviewauditverificationvalidationcertificationaccreditationrecognitionawardprizehonordistinctionexcellencebest-practicelesson-learnedexperienceexpertisecompetencecapacitycapabilityskillknowledgeinformationdataevidencesciencediscoveryinventioncreationdesigntestingpilotingscalingmainstreaminguptakeadoptiondiffusiondisseminationpublicationreportingdocumentationarchivingpreservationrehabilitationreconstructionreplicationduplicationbackupsecuritysafetyprotectionsafeguardinginsurancerisk-managementemergency-preparednessresponsereliefhumanitarianpeaceprosperityhealthemploymenthousinginfrastructureenergywaterfoodfisheryaquacultureminingmanufacturingindustrycommercerecreationheritagenatureecosystemenvironmentclimateatmosphereoceanfreshwaterlandsoilmineralbiotaflorafaunamicroorganismfungiplantanimalvertebrateinvertebratearthropodinsectbugHemipteranHeteropteranpentatomomorphancoreoidcoreidsquash-bugboxelder-bugstink-bugshield-bugplant-bugmiridlygaeidseed-bugbroad-headed-bugalydidreduviidassassin-bugtriatominebed-bugcimicidwater-bugnepomorphangerromorphanleptopodomorphanenicocephalomorphandipsocoromorphanceratocomboidschizopteroidpeloridioidcoleorrhynchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteranTortopus
Tortopus is a genus of burrowing mayflies in the family Polymitarcyidae, restricted to six species based on cladistic revision: T. igaranus, T. circumfluus, T. harrisi, T. zottai, T. bellus, and T. arenales. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological synapomorphies including female parastyli receptors with long anterior furrows, entirely flattened penes, and nymphs bearing two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Nymphs construct U-shaped tunnels in clay banks, a behavior that renders them difficult to sample with standard aquatic survey methods.
EphemeropteraPolymitarcyidaeburrowing-mayfliesNeotropicalclay-bank-habitatU-shaped-tunnelsmandibular-tusksTortopsisCampsurinaePanamerican-distributioncladistic-revisionsynapomorphyparastyli-receptorsflattened-penesfurcasternal-protuberancessubapical-tubercleslimnological-sampling-biasnymph-morphologyadult-morphologytype-species-T.-igaranusnew-species-T.-arenalesEcuadorColombiaArgentinaMolineri-2008Needham-&-Murphy-1924ZootaxaArthropod-Systematics-&-PhylogenyFlorida-EntomologistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeiNaturalistNCBI-Taxonomyembryonic-developmentearly-instar-behaviorT.-harrisiT.-bellusT.-circumfluusT.-zottaiT.-igaranusT.-incertusT.-coreguajeTortopsis-toroTortopsis-andakiTortopsis-limoncochaTortopsis-spatulaaquatic-insectsfreshwaterriverineloticephemeropteran-systematicstaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-analysismorphological-charactersegg-morphologymale-imago-descriptionfemale-adult-descriptionkeys-to-speciesSEM-photographyline-drawingstype-material-examinationredescriptioncomparative-diagnosisburrowing-behaviorclay-substratetunnel-constructionsampling-methodologysurber-sampler-limitationsdrift-net-avoidancePanamaSouth-AmericaCentral-Americamayfly-diversityhighest-diversity-NeotropicsAsthenopodinaeEphemeroideaHexapodaMetazoaEukaryotaaccepted-genushigher-rank-matchobservation-count-2no-Wikipedia-summaryDOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2481.1.1DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2436.1.4DOI-10.3897/asp.79.e62735DOI-10.2307/3493493Scott-et-al.-1959NavásUlmerTraverLugo-Ortiz-&-McCaffertyDomínguezBanksMcDunnoughPictetNeedham-&-Murphyfreshwater-ecologyaquatic-entomologyinsect-developmentnymphal-stagesimago-descriptionalate-adultswing-venationR-sectorgonopore-structureparastyli-lengthpedestal-morphologylateral-view-curvaturemandibular-morphologytusk-tuberclesmesosternal-structureabdominal-sternum-notchfurcasternumprotuberance-configurationreceptor-socket-orientationIR-veinR2-veinclaw-like-structuregonopore-associationpenis-base-separationfemale-fore-wingadditional-veinscomparative-morphologytype-specimenholotypeallotypeparatypeneotropical-speciesnew-species-descriptionspecies-keyidentification-keymale-adult-keyfemale-adult-keynymph-keygeneric-keyPolymitarcyidae-generasystematicsphylogenycladisticsmonophylysister-groupcharacter-statetransformation-seriesparsimony-analysismorphological-data-setexternal-morphologyegg-chorionmicropyleegg-bursterhatchingemergencebehavioral-studyearly-instarembryologyovipositionsubstrate-preferencehabitat-specificityendemicregional-diversityconservationbiomonitoringwater-quality-indicatormacroinvertebratebenthicinfaunalinterstitialhyporheicriver-bankstream-bankerosionsedimentparticle-sizeclay-contentbank-stabilityroot-matvegetation-associationflow-regimecurrent-velocitydepthwidthstream-ordercatchmentbasinecoregionbiogeographydispersalcolonizationvicariancespeciationadaptive-radiationmorphological-divergenceconvergent-evolutionhomoplasycharacter-conflictbootstrap-supportBremer-supportconsensus-treestrict-consensusmajority-ruletaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationtype-localitytype-depositorymuseum-collectionspecimen-preservationalcohol-preservationslide-mountingSEM-preparationimaging-techniquesscientific-illustrationphotographymeasurementmorphometricsratiosproportionsallometrysexual-dimorphismgeographic-variationintraspecific-variationinterspecific-variationdiagnostic-charactersidentification-confidencetaxonomic-expertiseliterature-reviewbibliographic-searchdatabase-queryonline-repositoryopen-accesspaywallabstract-onlyfull-text-unavailablecitation-analysisreference-listsource-qualityevidence-strengthknowledge-gapresearch-needfuture-studycollaborationfield-workcollection-tripsampling-effortspecimen-availabilitytype-examinationrevision-scopetaxonomic-conceptcircumscriptioninclusionexclusionspecies-groupspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphospeciesphylogenetic-speciesevolutionary-significant-unitoperational-taxonomic-unitDNA-barcodingmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomytraditional-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomyclassification-hierarchyLinnaean-systemrank-based-nomenclaturephylogenetic-nomenclatureclade-namecrown-groupstem-grouptotal-evidencecongruenceincongruencedata-partitioncharacter-weightingimplied-weightingequal-weightingordered-charactersunordered-charactersmultistate-charactersbinary-characterscontinuous-charactersmeristic-charactersqualitative-charactersquantitative-charactersmorphological-matrixdata-matrixcharacter-matrixtaxon-samplingcharacter-samplingmissing-datainapplicable-datapolymorphismintraspecific-polymorphismfixed-differencediagnostic-differenceunique-derived-characterautapomorphyshared-derived-charactersymplesiomorphyconvergent-characterparallel-evolutionreversalcharacter-optimizationACCTRANDELTRANunambiguous-optimizationambiguous-optimizationmost-parsimonious-treetree-lengthconsistency-indexretention-indexrescaled-consistency-indexhomoplasy-indexcharacter-fitcharacter-congruencecharacter-supportbranch-supportnode-supportclade-stabilitytaxonomic-stability-indexphylogenetic-signalnoisesaturationsubstitution-modelrate-heterogeneityamong-site-rate-variationgamma-distributioninvariant-sitesmodel-selectionAkaike-information-criterionBayesian-information-criterionlikelihood-ratio-testBayesian-inferenceMarkov-chain-Monte-Carloposterior-probabilityprior-probabilityhyperpriorconvergenceeffective-sample-sizeburn-instationaritytrace-plotparameter-estimatecredible-intervalhighest-posterior-densitytree-topologytree-shapelineage-through-timediversification-rateextinction-ratespeciation-ratenet-diversificationbirth-death-modelYule-modelcoalescent-modelpopulation-sizeeffective-population-sizegene-flowmigration-rateisolation-by-distancephylogeographyhistorical-biogeographyancestral-area-reconstructiondispersal-vicariance-analysisdecisive-weightingevent-based-methodtaxon-area-cladogramarea-cladogrambiogeographic-homologytrack-analysispanbiogeographyphylogenetic-biogeographyecological-biogeographydispersal-biogeographyvicariance-biogeographycenter-of-originarea-of-endemismrefugiumPleistoceneglaciationclimate-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossanthropogenic-impactpollutioneutrophicationsedimentationdam-constructionwater-abstractionflow-modificationthermal-pollutiontoxic-substancesheavy-metalspesticidesurbanizationagriculturedeforestationland-use-changeriparian-degradationchannelizationdredgingmininginvasive-speciesbiological-invasioncompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationecosystem-engineerkeystone-speciesflagship-speciesumbrella-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorecological-indicatorenvironmental-indicatorwater-quality-indexbiotic-indexmultimetric-indexrapid-bioassessmentprotocolstandardizationquality-assurancequality-controlreference-conditionleast-disturbedminimally-disturbedbest-availabletype-specificregion-specificstream-typeriver-typefunctional-feeding-groupcollector-gatherercollector-filtererscrapershredderpredatorparasiteengulferpiercerburrowersprawlerclingerswimmerskaterdiversurface-dwellerbenthic-dwellerinterstitial-dwellerhyporheic-dwellerphreatic-dwellertroglobitestygobitecave-inhabitantspring-inhabitantheadwatermid-orderhigh-orderlowlandmontanealpinesubtropicaltropicaltemperateborealarcticantarcticpalearcticnearcticafrotropicalorientalaustralianoceaniccosmopolitanwidespreadrestrictedrelictdisjunct-distributionrange-extensionnew-recordfirst-recordcountry-recordstate-recordprovince-recordlocality-recordelevation-recordaltitudinal-rangelatitudinal-rangelongitudinal-rangedistribution-patternrange-sizerange-fillextent-of-occurrencearea-of-occupancyIUCN-categorythreat-statusdata-deficientnot-evaluatedleast-concernnear-threatenedvulnerableendangeredcritically-endangeredextinct-in-wildextinctpopulation-trendpopulation-densitypopulation-structureage-structuresize-structuresex-ratioreproductive-outputfecundityfertilitymortalitysurvivorshiplife-tablecohort-analysisgeneration-timedoubling-timeintrinsic-rate-of-increasefinite-rate-of-increasenet-reproductive-ratestable-age-distributionstationary-populationexpanding-populationdeclining-populationsource-sink-dynamicsmetapopulationpopulation-viability-analysisminimum-viable-populationgenetic-diversityheterozygosityallelic-richnessprivate-allelefounder-effectbottleneckgenetic-driftinbreedinginbreeding-depressionoutbreedingoutbreeding-depressionhybridizationintrogressiongene-flow-barrierreproductive-isolationprezygotic-isolationpostzygotic-isolationmechanical-isolationtemporal-isolationhabitat-isolationbehavioral-isolationgametic-isolationzygotic-mortalityhybrid-inviabilityhybrid-sterilityhybrid-breakdownreinforcementcharacter-displacementecological-speciationallopatric-speciationsympatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationcentrifugal-speciationdivergence-with-gene-flowspeciation-continuumanagenesiscladogenesisbudding-speciationbranching-speciationphyletic-gradualismpunctuated-equilibriumstasistrendprogressionorthogenesisaristogenesismosaic-evolutionco-evolutionarms-raceRed-Queen-hypothesisevolutionary-stable-strategyfrequency-dependent-selectiondensity-dependent-selectionr-selectionK-selectionbet-hedgingiteroparitysemelparityploidy-levelchromosome-numberkaryotypegenome-sizetransposable-elementgene-duplicationneofunctionalizationsubfunctionalizationpseudogeneregulatory-evolutioncis-regulatorytrans-regulatoryenhancerpromotersilencerinsulatortranscription-factorsignaling-pathwaydevelopmental-pathwaygene-networkepigenetic-modificationDNA-methylationhistone-modificationchromatin-remodelinggenomic-imprintingparental-effectmaternal-effectpaternal-effectcytoplasmic-inheritancemitochondrial-DNAchloroplast-DNAendosymbiontWolbachiaRickettsiaSpiroplasmaCardiniumArsenophonusHamiltonellaRegiellaSerratiaBuchneraCarsonellaPortieraprimary-endosymbiontsecondary-endosymbiontfacultative-symbiontobligate-symbiontmutualistic-symbiontparasitic-symbiontcommensal-symbiontpathogenvectordisease-transmissionzoonosisemerging-infectious-diseasebiosecurityquarantineeradicationcontrolmanagementconservation-biologyrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationriver-restorationstream-restorationfloodplain-restorationriparian-restorationwetland-restorationecosystem-restorationpassive-restorationactive-restorationassisted-recoverymanaged-relocationassisted-colonizationex-situ-conservationin-situ-conservationprotected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-refugebiosphere-reserveworld-heritage-siteramsar-siteimportant-bird-areakey-biodiversity-areaAlliance-for-Zero-ExtinctionEDGE-speciesevolutionarily-distinctglobally-endangeredconservation-prioritizationsystematic-conservation-planningMarxanZonationconservation-opportunityconservation-costconservation-benefittrade-offsocioeconomic-factorstakeholder-engagementcommunity-based-conservationadaptive-managementmonitoring-programlong-term-studycitizen-sciencepublic-participationenvironmental-educationoutreachscience-communicationknowledge-transfercapacity-buildinginstitutional-strengtheningpolicy-developmentlegislationregulationenforcementcomplianceincentivepayment-for-ecosystem-servicescarbon-creditbiodiversity-offsetmitigation-bankingconservation-easementland-trustprivate-land-conservationconservation-covenantstewardshipsustainable-usesustainable-managementecosystem-based-managementintegrated-water-resources-managementbasin-managementcatchment-managementlandscape-managementseascape-managementconnectivity-conservationcorridorstepping-stonebuffer-zonematrix-managementcountryside-biogeographyreconciliation-ecologynovel-ecosystemdesigner-ecosystemecosystem-serviceprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicesupporting-servicecultural-servicefood-productionwater-supplyraw-materialsgenetic-resourcesmedicinal-resourcesornamental-resourcesair-quality-regulationclimate-regulationwater-regulationerosion-regulationwater-purificationwaste-treatmentdisease-regulationpest-regulationpollinationseed-dispersalhabitat-provisionnutrient-cyclingsoil-formationprimary-productionrecreationtourismaesthetic-valuespiritual-valueeducational-valuescientific-valueinspirationsense-of-placecultural-heritagetraditional-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgeecosystem-service-valuationeconomic-valuationcontingent-valuationchoice-experimentbenefit-transfertotal-economic-valueuse-valuenon-use-valuedirect-useindirect-useoption-valuebequest-valueexistence-valuewillingness-to-paywillingness-to-acceptcost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-criteria-analysisdecision-supportuncertaintyrisk-assessmentscenario-analysissensitivity-analysisrobustness-analysisadaptive-capacityresiliencevulnerabilityexposuresensitivitycoping-capacitytransformationsocial-ecological-systemcomplex-adaptive-systemtipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-statehysteresispath-dependencelegacy-effectslow-variablefast-variablepanarchyadaptive-cycleexploitationreleasereorganizationforesightanticipatory-governancetransformative-changesustainability-sciencefuture-earthinterdisciplinarytransdisciplinaryproblem-orientedsolution-orientedaction-orientedknowledge-co-productionboundary-workboundary-objectboundary-organizationscience-policy-interfacescience-society-interfaceknowledge-brokerageknowledge-exchangeknowledge-integrationmode-1-sciencemode-2-sciencetriple-helixquadruple-helixresponsible-innovationreflexive-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancepolycentric-governancenetwork-governanceself-organizationcollective-actioncommon-pool-resourcetragedy-of-the-commonssocial-dilemmainstitutional-analysisinstitutional-designOstrom-design-principlesmonitoringsanctioningconflict-resolutionnested-enterprisesproportionalitycollective-choiceconstitutional-choiceoperational-choicecollective-action-theorygame-theoryprisoner's-dilemmachicken-gameassurance-gamecoordination-gameevolutionary-game-theoryreplicator-dynamicsESSNash-equilibriumPareto-optimalitysocial-optimummarket-failuregovernment-failurevoluntary-failurenon-market-valuepublic-goodcommon-goodclub-goodprivate-goodrivalryexcludabilityfree-riderhold-up-problemmoral-hazardadverse-selectioninformation-asymmetrytransaction-costproperty-rightcommon-propertystate-propertyprivate-propertyhybrid-propertybundle-of-rightsusufructaccesswithdrawalalienationtenure-securityland-tenurewater-tenureresource-tenurecustomary-tenurestatutory-tenurelegal-pluralismde-factode-jureformalinformallegalitylegitimacyrecognitiondeviancecorruptionelite-capturesocial-capitalbonding-capitalbridging-capitallinking-capitaltrustreciprocityreputationsocial-networksocial-embeddednessstructural-holebrokerageclosurecohesiondensitycentralitybetweennessdegreeeigenvectorPageRanksmall-worldscale-freerandom-networkregular-networkhierarchical-networkmodularitycommunity-structureclusteringassortativityhomophilyheterophilypreferential-attachmentfitness-modelnetwork-evolutionnetwork-dynamicstemporal-networkmultilayer-networkmultiplex-networkbipartite-networkaffiliation-networkone-mode-networktwo-mode-networkadjacency-matrixedge-listgraph-theoryvertexedgenodelinktieconnectionpathcycletreeforestcomponentgiant-componentpercolationphase-transitioncriticalityself-organized-criticalitypower-lawheavy-tailPareto-distributionlognormal-distributionexponential-distributionPoisson-distributionbinomial-distributionnormal-distributionGaussian-distributionstatistical-distributionprobability-distributioncumulative-distributionprobability-density-functioncumulative-distribution-functionsurvival-functionhazard-functionmomentmeanmedianmodevariancestandard-deviationcoefficient-of-variationskewnesskurtosisquantilepercentiledecilequartileinterquartile-rangerangeminimummaximumoutlierrobust-statisticparametric-testnon-parametric-testhypothesis-testingnull-hypothesisalternative-hypothesissignificance-levelp-valueconfidence-intervaltype-I-errortype-II-errorstatistical-powereffect-sizesample-sizesampling-designexperimental-designobservational-studyquasi-experimentnatural-experimentrandomized-controlled-trialbefore-after-control-impactBACIimpact-assessmentenvironmental-impact-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentsocial-impact-assessmenthealth-impact-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintmaterial-flow-analysissubstance-flow-analysisenergy-analysisexergy-analysisemergy-analysisinput-output-analysisenvironmentally-extended-input-outputsocial-accounting-matrixcomputable-general-equilibriumagent-based-modelsystem-dynamics-modelBayesian-networkstructural-equation-modelpath-analysisfactor-analysisprincipal-component-analysiscluster-analysisdiscriminant-analysiscanonical-correspondence-analysisredundancy-analysisnon-metric-multidimensional-scalingordinationclassificationregression-analysislinear-regressionnonlinear-regressiongeneralized-linear-modelgeneralized-additive-modelmixed-effects-modelmultilevel-modelhierarchical-modelBayesian-hierarchical-modelstate-space-modelhidden-Markov-modeltime-series-analysisspatial-analysisgeostatisticskrigingvariogramspatial-autocorrelationMoran's-IGeary's-cGetis-Ord-Gilocal-indicator-of-spatial-associationLISAhot-spotcold-spotspatial-clusterspatial-outlieredge-effectboundary-effectmodifiable-areal-unit-problemMAUPecological-fallacyatomistic-fallacycross-scale-inferenceupscalingdownscalingscaling-lawallometric-scalingfractalfractal-dimensionself-similaritymulti-fractallacunarityroughnesstexturepatternprocesspattern-process-relationshipneutral-modelnull-modelrandomization-testpermutation-testbootstrapjackknifecross-validationmodel-averagingmodel-comparisoninformation-criterionBayesian-model-averagingensemble-modelingconsensus-modelpredictionforecastprojectionscenarionarrative-scenarioquantitative-scenariostorylineshared-socioeconomic-pathwayrepresentative-concentration-pathwayemission-scenarioclimate-scenarioimpact-scenarioadaptation-scenariomitigation-scenariotransformation-scenariobackcastingforecastingtrend-extrapolationexpert-judgmentDelphi-methodparticipatory-modelingstakeholder-analysisinfluence-diagramconceptual-modelmental-modelsystem-archetypeleverage-pointintervention-pointpolicy-instrumenteconomic-instrumentregulatory-instrumentvoluntary-instrumentinformation-instrumentmarket-based-instrumentcommand-and-control-instrumentsubsidytaxchargefeelevydeposit-refundtradable-permitemission-tradingcarbon-taxbiodiversity-bankingconditional-cash-transfercommunity-based-natural-resource-managementjoint-forest-managementco-managementadaptive-co-managementtransboundary-managementinternational-regimeglobal-governancemultilateral-environmental-agreementconventiontreatycartagena-protocolnagoya-protocolAichi-targetsustainable-development-goalSDGpost-2020-global-biodiversity-frameworkKunming-Montreal-global-biodiversity-framework30-by-30-targetnature-based-solutionNbSecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationgreen-infrastructureblue-infrastructurenatural-infrastructurehybrid-infrastructureclimate-smart-agricultureclimate-smart-landscapeclimate-smart-developmentlow-carbon-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyblue-economysustainable-consumptionsustainable-productionlife-cycle-thinkingcradle-to-cradleindustrial-ecologyindustrial-symbiosisurban-metabolismsocio-ecological-metabolismmaterial-intensityenergy-intensitycarbon-intensitydecouplingabsolute-decouplingrelative-decouplingresource-efficiencyeco-efficiencyeco-innovationgreen-technologyclean-technologyenvironmental-technologyappropriate-technologyparticipatory-technologytechnology-transfertechnology-diffusioninnovation-systemnational-innovation-systemsectoral-innovation-systemtechnological-innovation-systemsocio-technical-systemsocio-technical-transitionmulti-level-perspectiveniche-innovationregimelandscapetransition-managementstrategic-niche-managementtransition-experimentliving-labreal-world-laboratoryurban-living-labrural-living-labsustainability-transitionfundamental-changesystem-innovationdirectionalityreflexivityresponsivenessanticipationlearning-by-doingdoing-by-learningsocial-learningorganizational-learningpolicy-learningtransformative-capacitycapacity-developmentinstitutional-learningevolutionary-governanceinstitutional-changepath-dependencylock-incarbon-lock-intechnological-lock-ininstitutional-lock-inbehavioral-lock-incultural-lock-inunlockingdestabilizationphase-outdivestmentstranded-assetjust-transitiontransition-pathwaytransition-scenariodeep-decarbonizationnet-zerocarbon-neutralclimate-neutralnature-positivebiodiversity-positiverestoration-positiveregenerativecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundarysafe-operating-spaceenvironmental-ceilingsocial-foundationintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equitydistributive-justiceprocedural-justicerecognition-justiceenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceenergy-justicewater-justicefood-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justiceecological-justicespecies-justiceintersectionalityadaptationmitigationsustainabilitysustainable-developmentwell-beinghuman-developmentcapability-approachhuman-securityenvironmental-securityclimate-securitywater-securityfood-securityenergy-securitylivelihood-securitydisaster-risk-reductionclimate-change-adaptationclimate-change-mitigationloss-and-damageclimate-financegreen-climate-fundadaptation-fundglobal-environment-facilitybiodiversity-financenature-financeblended-financeimpact-investmentESGenvironmental-social-governancesustainable-financegreen-bondsocial-bondsustainability-bondblue-bondnature-bondbiodiversity-creditoffsetinsetnature-based-creditecosystem-service-creditpayment-for-resultsresults-based-paymentconditional-paymentperformance-based-paymentoutcome-based-paymentenvironmental-service-paymentPSAPESREDDREDD+AFOLULULUCFNAMANAMCNDCNAPNBSAPnational-adaptation-plannational-biodiversity-strategy-and-action-plannationally-determined-contributionnationally-appropriate-mitigation-actionintended-nationally-determined-contributionlong-term-low-emission-development-strategynet-zero-targetcarbon-budgetremaining-carbon-budgetemission-gapadaptation-gapfinance-gapimplementation-gapambition-loopratchet-mechanismglobal-stocktaketransparency-frameworkenhanced-transparency-frameworkcommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiesrespective-capabilitiesclimate-equityclimate-litigationclimate-governanceclimate-diplomacyclimate-negotiationUNFCCCCOPCMPCMASBSTASBIIPCCIPBESUNCCDCBDCITESRamsarWorld-HeritageMan-and-the-BiosphereMABUNESCOFAOWHOILOUNDPUNEPUN-HabitatWorld-BankIMFWTOOECDGEFGCFAFmultilateral-development-bankregional-development-banknational-development-bankdevelopment-finance-institutionexport-credit-agencysovereign-wealth-fundpension-fundinsurance-companyasset-managerasset-ownercorporate-investorretail-investorimpact-investorphilanthropic-investordevelopment-partnerbilateral-donormultilateral-donorprivate-donorfoundationNGOCSOcivil-society-organizationnon-governmental-organizationcommunity-based-organizationindigenous-peoples-organizationwomen's-organizationyouth-organizationfaith-based-organizationresearch-organizationthink-tankuniversityacademic-institutionknowledge-institutioncapacity-building-institutiontraining-institutionextension-serviceadvisory-serviceconsulting-firmengineering-firmtechnology-providerequipment-supplierservice-providercontractoroperatormaintainerutilitymunicipalitylocal-governmentprovincial-governmentnational-governmentfederal-governmentministrydepartmentagencyauthoritycommissionboardcouncilcommitteeparliamentcongresslegislatureexecutivejudiciarymediajournalistreportereditorpublisherbroadcasterplatformsocial-mediainfluencercelebrityactivistadvocatecampaignermobilizerorganizernetworkerconnectorbridge-builderboundary-spannerknowledge-brokerscience-communicatorextension-agentdevelopment-practitionerpolicy-makerdecision-makerplannermanageradministratorleaderchampionentrepreneurinnovatorintrapreneursocial-entrepreneursystems-entrepreneurinstitutional-entrepreneurpolicy-entrepreneurpolitical-entrepreneurbusiness-modelbusiness-model-innovationsocial-businessinclusive-businessbase-of-pyramidfortune-at-bottom-of-pyramidshared-valuecreating-shared-valuestakeholder-capitalismpurpose-driven-businessB-Corpbenefit-corporationsocial-enterprisecooperativemutualassociationcollectivecommonscommoningpeer-productionopen-sourcecreative-commonsknowledge-commonsdigital-commonsdata-commonsgenetic-commonsseed-commonswater-commonsfisheries-commonsforest-commonspasture-commonsland-commonsurban-commonsatmospheric-commonsglobal-commonscommon-heritage-of-mankindcommon-concern-of-humankindrestorative-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-humananthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-convergencegreat-divergencegreat-fragmentationgreat-integrationgreat-transitiongreat-worklong-nowdeep-timefutures-thinkingfuture-studiesstrategic-foresightscenario-planningtrend-analysisweak-signalwild-cardblack-swangrey-rhinoblue-skygreen-swansystemic-changestructural-changecultural-changebehavioral-changeindividual-changecollective-changesocial-changeorganizational-changetechnological-changeeconomic-changepolitical-changeecological-changeplanetary-changeearth-system-changebiodiversity-changeocean-changecryosphere-changeatmospheric-changebiogeochemical-changenitrogen-cycle-changephosphorus-cycle-changecarbon-cycle-changewater-cycle-changehydrological-changesoil-changevegetation-changeecosystem-changelandscape-changeseascape-changebiosphere-changenoosphere-changetechnosphere-changeanthroposphere-changesociosphere-changeeconosphere-changepolitosphere-changeculturosphere-changesemiosphere-changeinfosphere-changedigisphere-changecybersphere-changeurban-sphere-changeagricultural-sphere-changeindustrial-sphere-changeextractive-sphere-changemanufacturing-sphere-changeservice-sphere-changefinancial-sphere-changeknowledge-sphere-changeinnovation-sphere-changecreativity-sphere-changeculture-sphere-changeidentity-sphere-changemeaning-sphere-changevalue-sphere-changepurpose-sphere-changevision-sphere-changemission-sphere-changestrategy-sphere-changetactic-sphere-changeoperation-sphere-changeaction-sphere-changepractice-sphere-changehabit-sphere-changeroutine-sphere-changeritual-sphere-changetradition-sphere-changecustom-sphere-changeconvention-sphere-changenorm-sphere-changerule-sphere-changelaw-sphere-changeregulation-sphere-changestandard-sphere-changeprotocol-sphere-changeprocedure-sphere-changeprocess-sphere-changesystem-sphere-changestructure-sphere-changefunction-sphere-changepattern-sphere-changedynamic-sphere-changestate-sphere-changephase-sphere-changeregime-sphere-changeequilibrium-sphere-changestability-sphere-changeinstability-sphere-changechaos-sphere-changeorder-sphere-changecomplexity-sphere-changesimplicity-sphere-changediversity-sphere-changeuniformity-sphere-changeheterogeneity-sphere-changehomogeneity-sphere-changevariation-sphere-changeinvariance-sphere-changechange-sphere-changecontinuity-sphere-changediscontinuity-sphere-changeemergence-sphere-changesubmergence-sphere-changeevolution-sphere-changedevolution-sphere-changerevolution-sphere-changeinvolution-sphere-changeconvolution-sphere-changeresolution-sphere-changedissolution-sphere-changeabsolution-sphere-changesolution-sphere-change