Coniferous-forest
Guides
Abagrotis glenni
Abagrotis glenni is a noctuid moth described by Buckett in 1968. It occurs in western North America from British Columbia south to California and east to Utah. Adults are active in spring, with larvae feeding on coniferous host plants.
Acanthocinus obliquus
Acanthocinus obliquus is a species of longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1862. It belongs to the tribe Acanthocinini, a group characterized by somber coloration and wood-boring larvae. The species is distributed across North America, with records from western Canada and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with coniferous forests and likely exhibits cryptic coloration adapted to pine bark.
Admestina tibialis
Admestina tibialis is a small jumping spider in the family Salticidae, first described by C. L. Koch in 1846. The species is distinguished by sexually dimorphic morphology, particularly the enlarged tibia of the first leg in males that gives the species its name. It occurs in coniferous forests across eastern North America, where it hunts as an active visual predator.
Anatis mali
Eye-spotted Lady Beetle
Anatis mali, commonly known as the eye-spotted lady beetle, is a North American lady beetle species in the family Coccinellidae. Adults measure 7.3–10 mm in length and display variable coloration from yellow to brownish red with black markings. The species has been documented as a specialized predator of aphids in balsam fir plantations, where it plays a significant role in biological control. Research indicates that larvae require approximately 296 aphids to complete development and pupate.
Aradus evermanni
Aradus evermanni is a flat bug species described by Van Duzee in 1920. Members of the family Aradidae are characterized by their extremely flattened bodies, an adaptation for living in tight spaces under bark or in decaying wood. The genus Aradus is one of the largest in the family, with species primarily associated with coniferous and deciduous trees. Specific ecological details for A. evermanni remain poorly documented.
Archips alberta
Alberta leafroller
Archips alberta is a species of tortricid moth commonly known as the Alberta leafroller. It occurs across boreal Canada and south through mountainous regions to Utah. The species inhabits coniferous forests, where larvae are presumed to feed on conifer foliage, though specific host records are not well documented. Adults are active during the growing season in northern forest ecosystems.
Bryolymnia ensina
Bryolymnia ensina is a small noctuid moth restricted to montane coniferous forests in the southwestern United States and Mexico. It was first described from Arizona in 1907 and remains one of the more narrowly distributed species in its genus. Adults fly during a brief mid-summer window, and the species is rarely encountered.
Caenochrysis deversor
Caenochrysis deversor is a species of cuckoo wasp in the family Chrysididae. The genus Caenochrysis comprises small, brilliantly metallic wasps that are parasitoids of other insects. Members of this genus are known to parasitize larvae of various hymenopteran hosts, particularly other wasps. The species was documented in the southwestern United States during field observations in ponderosa pine forests.
Callophrys johnsoni
Johnson's Hairstreak
Callophrys johnsoni, commonly known as Johnson's Hairstreak, is a small butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It occurs in coniferous forests of western North America from British Columbia to central California. The species has a highly specialized larval diet, feeding exclusively on dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium species). Adults are active in late spring and early summer, with a single generation per year.
Callophrys spinetorum
Thicket Hairstreak
Callophrys spinetorum, the thicket hairstreak, is a small butterfly in the family Lycaenidae described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1867. It is distributed across western North America from British Columbia through the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Mexico, and through California to Baja California. The species is a specialist herbivore whose larvae feed exclusively on dwarf mistletoes in the genus Arceuthobium, exhibiting remarkable mimicry of their host plants.
Centrodera
Centrodera is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lepturinae, tribe Rhagiini. The genus was established by LeConte in 1850 and contains approximately 11 recognized species distributed in North America, with the majority restricted to the United States. Species include Centrodera spurca, C. decolorata, C. nevadica, and C. sublineata, among others. The genus is associated with coniferous and mixed woodlands, with some species showing host relationships with Douglas-fir and other trees.
Chrysobothris cribraria
Sifting Metallic Wood-borer
Chrysobothris cribraria is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by Mannerheim in 1837. It is found in North America, with records from Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario) and the United States. The species has been collected from dead Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine) saplings in Oklahoma and from fallen dead branches of Pinus clausa (sand pine) in Florida, indicating an association with dead or dying coniferous wood.
Cychrus tuberculatus
tuberculate rare snail-eating beetle
Cychrus tuberculatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae, commonly known as the tuberculate rare snail-eating beetle. First described by T.W. Harris in 1839, this species is notable for its specialized diet of snails and its brachypterous (short-winged), nocturnal adults. It inhabits coniferous forests, forest clearings, and moraines in western North America, with documented populations in British Columbia, Quebec, California, Oregon, and Washington. The species is considered rare and has specific habitat requirements tied to forested environments.
Cyphoderris buckelli
Buckell's grig
Cyphoderris buckelli is a cold-adapted, hump-winged cricket (family Prophalangopsidae) found in high-elevation coniferous forests of western North America. Males produce acoustic calling songs and modify their chirp duty cycle in response to nearby conspecific males, though they do not defend fixed territories. The species exhibits low site fidelity and extensive male displacement between nights.
Dendrophagus
Dendrophagus is a genus of beetles in the family Silvanidae, first described by Schönherr in 1809. The genus contains four recognized species distributed across the Holarctic region. Members of this genus are associated with woody habitats, reflecting their genus name derived from Greek roots meaning "tree-feeding."
Dichelotarsus piniphilus
Treehugger Soldier Beetle
Dichelotarsus piniphilus, commonly known as the Treehugger Soldier Beetle, is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is distributed across multiple provinces of Canada including Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. The species is associated with coniferous habitats, as suggested by its specific epithet 'piniphilus' (pine-loving).
Dolichovespula albida
Arctic Yellowjacket
Dolichovespula albida, commonly known as the Arctic Yellowjacket, is a social wasp species in the family Vespidae. It is closely related to other Dolichovespula species such as D. arctica and D. arenaria, with which it shares ecological and behavioral traits. The species is primarily associated with northern and high-elevation habitats. Like other members of its genus, it constructs paper nests and exhibits social colony behavior with distinct castes.
Dolichovespula alpicola
Rocky Mountain Aerial Yellowjacket
Dolichovespula alpicola is a social wasp in the family Vespidae, described by Eck in 1984. It is known from high-elevation habitats in western North America, particularly in coniferous forests of the Rocky Mountains. The species belongs to a genus that includes both independent-founding wasps and social parasites, though the specific biology of D. alpicola remains poorly documented compared to its congeners.
Dolichovespula arctica
Parasitic Aerial Yellowjacket
Dolichovespula arctica is a social parasitic wasp that lacks a worker caste, consisting only of reproductive females and males. It infiltrates established colonies of its primary host, Dolichovespula arenaria (Aerial Yellowjacket), and exploits the host's worker force to raise its own offspring. The species is rarely observed despite being fairly common across northern North America.
Evodinus
Evodinus is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae, and tribe Rhagiini. The genus contains four recognized species distributed primarily in boreal and montane regions of North America and northern Europe. Members are associated with coniferous forests and are characterized by their distinctive elytral sculpturing.
Evodinus monticola
Mountain Flower Longhorn
Evodinus monticola is a species of flower longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lepturinae. It occurs in montane forests of western North America, from the Sierra Nevada to the Rocky Mountains. The species is associated with coniferous forests and has been recorded feeding on flowers. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate E. m. monticola and E. m. vancouveri.
Exenterus amictorius
Exenterus amictorius is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp introduced to North America that attacks sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), particularly during the pre-spinning eonymph stage. The species exhibits adaptive host discrimination behavior that changes during the host's spinning period, lacks discrimination initially but rapidly acquires and maintains this ability. It shows strong positive density-dependent responses to host abundance and has established successfully on multiple diprionid hosts across North America. In multiparasitism situations with the native E. diprionis, E. amictorius consistently survives due to faster larval development.
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Gaurotes is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. The genus contains approximately 25 described species distributed across the Holarctic region, with notable diversity in East Asia and North America. Species are typically small to medium-sized beetles with metallic coloration. The genus was established by LeConte in 1850 and includes several subgenera: Carilia, Gaurotes (sensu stricto), and Paragaurotes.
Gnathacmaeops pratensis
Gnathacmaeops pratensis is a species of long-horned beetle in the subfamily Lepturinae. It has a broad Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Asia, and North America. The adult beetle is known to feed on Norway spruce (Picea abies). Two varieties have been described: var. obscuripennis Pic, 1901 and var. suturalis (Mulsant, 1863).
Grammoptera haematites
flower longhorn beetle
Grammoptera haematites is a small longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lepturinae. It belongs to the flower longhorn group, which are commonly found on flowers and woody vegetation. The species was described by Newman in 1841 and occurs in North America.
Grammoptera subargentata
Grammoptera subargentata is a small flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, first described by William Kirby in 1837. It belongs to the subfamily Lepturinae, a group commonly known as flower longhorns for their frequent association with blossoms. The species occurs in coniferous forest habitats across North America, where adults have been observed on freshly cut pine logs.
Greya variabilis
Greya variabilis is a small moth in the family Prodoxidae, described by Davis & Pellmyr in 1992. It occurs across a broad geographic range spanning arctic Russia, Alaska, and the western coast of North America. The species inhabits contrasting environments: tundra in the northern part of its range and moist coniferous forests in the south.
Iphthiminus opacus
Cloudy Darkling Beetle
A darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, found in eastern North America from Canada through the northeastern United States. Adults are nocturnal and have been observed on coniferous trees, particularly pines. The species is part of a genus that includes several North American species associated with forested habitats.
Lambdina fervidaria
curve-lined looper, spring hemlock looper, curved-lined looper moth
Lambdina fervidaria is a geometrid moth found in eastern North America. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 27 mm and are active from May to August. The species has two recognized subspecies with slightly different host plant preferences. Larvae feed on hardwood trees including oaks and ashes, while the subspecies L. f. athasaria specializes on conifers such as balsam fir, spruce, and eastern hemlock.
Lasconotus
cylindrical bark beetles
Lasconotus is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Erichson in 1845. The genus contains at least 20 described species. Members are associated with coniferous forests, particularly spruce systems. Some species exhibit specialized behavioral adaptations, including attraction to bark beetle aggregation pheromones.
Leptothorax acervorum
acorn ant
Leptothorax acervorum is a small myrmicine ant first described by Fabricius in 1793. It exhibits a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, northern Asia, and North America. The species is notable for its facultatively polygynous social structure, where colonies may contain one or multiple queens. Workers display a distinctive two-toned coloration with darker head and metasoma contrasting with a lighter mesosoma. Body size increases with latitude following Bergmann's rule, with boreal populations producing workers approximately 10% larger than those from central Europe.
Macaria occiduaria
The Barred Gray
Macaria occiduaria is a geometrid moth in the tribe Macariini, commonly known as the Barred Gray. The species is characterized by gray forewings with distinct dark transverse lines and a relatively broad wingspan for its genus. It is native to western North America and has been documented in a moderate number of observations. Adults are active during summer months.
Megasemum asperum
Megasemum asperum is a longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) species described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1854. It belongs to the tribe Asemini within the subfamily Spondylidinae. The species is native to western North America, with records from Canada (Alberta, British Columbia) and the United States. Like other members of its tribe, it likely develops in coniferous wood, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Melangyna coei
Coe's Halfband
Melangyna coei is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae, described by Nielsen in 1971. The species is known from Norway and Sweden, and has been assigned the common name 'Coe's Halfband' in iNaturalist. As a member of the genus Melangyna, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized hoverflies commonly associated with coniferous and mixed forests.
Monochamus clamator
spotted pine sawyer
Monochamus clamator, the spotted pine sawyer, is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae described by LeConte in 1852. The species exhibits several recognized subspecies across western North America and has been documented in pine woodland habitats. Research indicates host plants serve as a selective pressure driving genetic divergence in this species. Adults have been observed at blacklights and on stressed or dead pine trees.
Monochamus clamator latus
Spotted Pine Sawyer
Monochamus clamator latus is a subspecies of the spotted pine sawyer, a large longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae. Adults are active during summer months and are attracted to blacklights. The species breeds in dead, dying, or stressed coniferous trees, particularly pines. Adults have been observed on trunks of stressed Pinus ponderosa, with males exhibiting mate-guarding behavior.
Monochamus clamator rubigineus
Spotted Pine Sawyer (for species complex)
Monochamus clamator rubigineus is a subspecies of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Bates in 1880. It belongs to the Spotted Pine Sawyer species complex, which are large woodboring beetles associated with coniferous forests. Adults are active during summer months and are attracted to blacklights. The species breeds in dead, dying, or stressed pine trees.
Neophasia menapia
pine white
Neophasia menapia, commonly known as the pine white, is a butterfly species in the family Pieridae found in western North America. The species is characterized by white wings with black venation and wing bars, superficially resembling the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Research indicates N. menapia is palatable to avian predators, supporting its classification as a likely Batesian mimic rather than a Müllerian co-mimic. The species is univoltine, with one summer brood, and is associated with coniferous forest habitats.
Oxymirini
Oxymirini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lepturinae. The tribe contains a small number of genera, with Oxymira being the most notable. Members of this tribe are associated with coniferous forests and are characterized by their distinctive morphology within the flower longhorn group. The tribe has a primarily Holarctic distribution, with species found across northern regions of Eurasia and North America.
Panscopus torpidus
Panscopus torpidus is a weevil species in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Brachycerinae. It belongs to a genus of small to medium-sized weevils associated with coniferous forests in western North America. The species name 'torpidus' (meaning sluggish or inactive) may reflect behavioral traits or was applied descriptively by early taxonomists. It is among the less commonly encountered species in its genus, with few documented observations.
Phaenops drummondi
flatheaded fir borer, Drummond's Flathead Fir Borer
Phaenops drummondi is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, commonly known as the flatheaded fir borer. The species was originally described as Buprestis drummondi by Kirby in 1837 and later transferred to the genus Phaenops. A nomenclatural revision in 2012 formally synonymized Melanophila drummondi ab. nicolayi under this species. It is distributed across North America, with confirmed records from Canada including Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, and Manitoba.
Phidippus concinnus
Phidippus concinnus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae, known from the western United States. The species exhibits distinctive coloration with a reddish brown carapace featuring white lateral stripes and a red abdomen with a broad black band. It inhabits coniferous forests at higher elevations and matures during summer months. Like other members of the genus Phidippus, it possesses enlarged anterior median eyes characteristic of active-hunting jumping spiders.
Pimoa haden
Large Hammockweb Spider
Pimoa haden is a species of large hammockweb spider in the family Pimoidae, found in the western United States. It was described by Chamberlin & Ivie in 1943. The species is notable for its relatively large size compared to other members of the family, with females reaching up to 12 mm in body length. Like other Pimoa species, it constructs fine, net-like horizontal webs that can span considerable distances.
Pimoidae
Large Hammock-web Spiders
Pimoidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders established by Wunderlich in 1986, closely related to Linyphiidae and sometimes treated as synonymous with that family. As re-circumscribed in 2021, it is monophyletic and contains approximately 90 species in two genera, primarily Pimoa and Weintrauboa. Members are commonly known as large hammock-web spiders due to their substantial size relative to linyphiids and their horizontal, net-like webs. The family has a fragmented relictual distribution across the Pacific coast of North America, the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain, the European Alps, and the Himalayas and adjacent regions of Asia.
Pityohyphantes
hammock spiders, pine weavers
Pityohyphantes is a genus of sheetweb weavers (family Linyphiidae) commonly known as hammock spiders, named for their slightly convex sheet-like webs suspended by a maze of threads above. The genus name derives from Greek 'pitys' (pine) and 'hyphantes' (weaver), reflecting their frequent association with coniferous forests. Mature females measure approximately 5–7 mm in body length, with males slightly smaller. The genus contains at least 16 species distributed across Europe and North America, with most North American species occurring in western and northern coniferous forests.
Platysoma parallelum
clown beetle
Platysoma parallelum is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in North America, with records from multiple U.S. states. Like other members of the genus Platysoma, it is likely associated with decaying wood and bark habitats where it preys on other insects.
Platysoma punctigerum
clown beetle
Platysoma punctigerum is a small predatory beetle in the family Histeridae, commonly known as clown beetles. The species occurs in western North America and has been documented under bark of coniferous trees, particularly in association with logging operations and freshly cut pine logs. As a member of the genus Platysoma, it is presumed to be a predator of other insects, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited.
Pococera
snout moths
Pococera is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Epipaschiinae, described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1848. The genus contains approximately 86 species distributed primarily in North and Central America. Members of this genus are associated with forested habitats and include species that are defoliators of coniferous trees, such as the pine webworm (Pococera robustella), which feeds on pine foliage and can cause significant damage to pine seedlings and plantations.
Pogonocherus mixtus
Mixed-spotted Flatface Sawyer
Pogonocherus mixtus is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Haldeman in 1847. It occurs across northern and western North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other members of the genus, it is associated with coniferous hosts, particularly pines. The species is part of the subfamily Lamiinae, commonly known as flat-faced longhorns.
Polyxenus lagurus
Bristly Millipede
Polyxenus lagurus, commonly known as the bristly millipede, is a small millipede species distinguished by its detachable defensive bristles that entangle attacking ants and spiders. It exhibits a unique reproductive polymorphism, with some populations reproducing sexually and others parthenogenetically. This species undergoes hemianamorphosis, adding segments and legs through juvenile molts until reaching a fixed adult complement of 13 leg pairs and 10 tergites, after which molting continues without further segment addition. It is the most common polyxenid in Europe and the only representative of order Polyxenida in the British Isles.