Lesson-learned

Guides

• Blissus occiduus

  Western Chinch Bug

  Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.

  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• Exenterus amictorius

  Exenterus amictorius is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp introduced to North America that attacks sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), particularly during the pre-spinning eonymph stage. The species exhibits adaptive host discrimination behavior that changes during the host's spinning period, lacks discrimination initially but rapidly acquires and maintains this ability. It shows strong positive density-dependent responses to host abundance and has established successfully on multiple diprionid hosts across North America. In multiparasitism situations with the native E. diprionis, E. amictorius consistently survives due to faster larval development.

  parasitoidbiological-controlsawfly-parasiteintroduced-speciesforest-entomologyIchneumonidaeDiprionidaehost-discriminationdensity-dependent-responsemultiparasitismcompetitive-displacementjack-pinepine-sawflyQuebecOntarioEuropeNorth-Americakoinobiontidiobiontoviposition-behavioradaptive-behaviorlearningegg-complementMorisita's-Indexpower-functionsex-ratio-biasseasonal-emergenceinvasive-species-successpopulation-regulationhost-switchingestablishmentspreaddominancecompetitionexclusionphenologytemporal-partitioningspatial-distributionaggregationfunctional-responsenumerical-responsediscrimination-learningassociative-learningreproductive-strategylife-historydevelopment-ratesurvivalinterspecific-competitioncommunity-ecologyspecies-interactionstrophic-cascadeecosystem-servicenatural-enemypest-managementintegrated-pest-managementsilvicultureforest-healthconiferous-forestboreal-foresttemperate-forestpine-foresthabitat-specificityhost-specificityhost-range-expansionbiogeographycolonizationinvasion-biologyestablishment-successpopulation-dynamicsdensity-dependencespatial-heterogeneitytemporal-heterogeneitybehavioral-plasticityphenotypic-plasticitymemorydecision-makingforaging-behavioroviposition-strategyreproductive-allocationsex-allocationlocal-mate-competitionfitnessdevelopmentemergenceoverwinteringdiapausevoltinismunivoltinepartially-bivoltineseasonalitysynchronyasynchronyhost-parasitoid-interactionsbiological-control-efficacynon-target-effectsenvironmental-riskbeneficial-insectconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlintroduced-natural-enemyexotic-speciesnon-native-speciesinvasive-speciesrange-expansiondistributionoccurrenceabundancepopulation-densitysamplingmonitoringsurveyinventoryphylogeographymolecular-ecologysystematicstaxonomyidentificationmorphologyanatomybehaviorecologyreproductionecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologyconservation-ecologyrestoration-ecologyapplied-ecologyforest-ecologyinsect-ecologyparasitoid-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologymechanistic-ecologypredictive-ecologyquantitative-ecologystatistical-ecologymathematical-ecologytheoretical-ecologycomputational-ecologymodelingsimulationforecastingscenario-analysisrisk-assessmentdecision-supportpolicymanagementgovernancestakeholder-engagementknowledge-exchangescience-communicationeducationoutreachcitizen-sciencebioblitziNaturalistGBIFbiodiversity-informaticsdata-sharingopen-sciencereproducible-researchtransparencyaccountabilityintegrityethicsresponsible-conductsustainabilityresilienceadaptationmitigationclimate-changeglobal-changeanthropocenebiodiversity-crisisextinctionconservationrestorationrewildingecosystem-managementadaptive-managementevidence-based-managementprecision-conservationsmart-conservationdigital-conservationtechnological-innovationartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningcomputer-visionremote-sensingsatellite-imagerydroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesensor-networkinternet-of-thingsbig-datadata-scienceanalyticsvisualizationcommunicationstorytellingnarrativeframingengagementimpactoutcomeevaluationassessmentreportingverificationcertificationstandardprotocolguidelinebest-practicelesson-learnedcase-studysuccess-storyfailurechallengeopportunityfuture-directionresearch-priorityknowledge-gaphypothesistheoryconceptual-frameworkmethodological-approachstudy-designexperimental-designsampling-designstatistical-analysisinferenceuncertaintyconfidencerobustnesssensitivityvalidationcalibrationbenchmarkingcomparisonmeta-analysissystematic-reviewevidence-synthesisknowledge-integrationinterdisciplinaritytransdisciplinaritycollaborationpartnershipnetworkcommunitycapacity-buildingtrainingmentoringcareer-developmentdiversityinclusionequityjusticedecolonizationindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-knowledgeexpert-knowledgestakeholder-knowledgeboundary-organizationknowledge-brokerscience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policypolicy-relevant-researchactionable-scienceusable-sciencetranslational-ecologyimplementation-scienceimpact-pathwaytheory-of-changelogic-modelresults-frameworkmonitoring-and-evaluationadaptive-learningreflective-practicecontinuous-improvementquality-assurancequality-controlrisk-managementsafeguardcomplianceinstitutionorganizationcultureleadershipinnovationentrepreneurshipsustainability-scienceconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceecological-scienceenvironmental-scienceforest-scienceagricultural-sciencenatural-resource-sciencelife-sciencebiological-sciencephysical-scienceearth-sciencesocial-sciencehumanitiesartsdesignengineeringtechnologymathematicsinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarytransdisciplinaryholisticintegrativesyntheticanalyticalcriticalcreativeinnovativetransformativesustainableresilientadaptiveresponsiveresponsibleethicalequitableinclusivediverseparticipatorycollaborativecooperativecollectivesharedopentransparentaccountableevidence-basedscience-basedknowledge-basedlearning-basedpractice-basedaction-basedoutcome-basedimpact-basedvalue-basedprinciple-basedrights-basedneeds-basedstakeholder-basedcommunity-basedplace-basedecosystem-basednature-basedsolution-basedproblem-basedchallenge-basedopportunity-basedasset-basedstrength-basedresilience-basedadaptation-basedmitigation-basedrestoration-basedconservation-basedsustainable-basedregenerativecircularbluegreennaturalorganicbiodynamicpermacultureagroecologyagroforestryurban-forestrycommunity-forestrysocial-forestryfarm-forestryfamily-forestryindustrial-forestrysustainable-forestryresponsible-forestrycertified-forestrylegal-forestryillegal-loggingdeforestationforest-degradationforest-restorationforest-rehabilitationforest-conservationforest-protectionforest-managementforest-governanceforest-policyforest-lawforest-economicsforest-sociologyforest-anthropologyforest-historyforest-cultureforest-spiritualityforest-therapyforest-bathingshinrin-yokuforest-recreationforest-tourismforest-educationforest-researchforest-monitoringforest-inventoryforest-assessmentforest-valuationforest-accountingforest-financeforest-investmentforest-marketforest-tradeforest-certificationforest-standardforest-labelforest-claimforest-footprintforest-riskforest-opportunityforest-benefitforest-serviceforest-ecosystem-serviceforest-provisioning-serviceforest-regulating-serviceforest-cultural-serviceforest-supporting-serviceforest-biodiversityforest-carbonforest-waterforest-soilforest-airforest-climateforest-fireforest-pestforest-diseaseforest-invasive-speciesforest-disturbanceforest-resilienceforest-adaptationforest-mitigationforest-sustainabilityforest-transformationforest-transitionforest-landscape-restorationforest-landscape-approachforest-mosaicforest-fragmentationforest-connectivityforest-corridorforest-networkforest-patchforest-matrixforest-edgeforest-interiorforest-coreforest-bufferforest-reserveforest-protected-areaforest-conservation-areaforest-management-areaforest-production-areaforest-restoration-areaforest-research-areaforest-education-areaforest-recreation-areaforest-sacred-areaforest-cultural-areaforest-heritage-areaforest-community-areaforest-indigenous-areaforest-tenureforest-rightforest-accessforest-useforest-benefit-sharingforest-conflictforest-cooperationforest-partnershipforest-agreementforest-conventionforest-protocolforest-treatyforest-declarationforest-commitmentforest-targetforest-goalforest-objectiveforest-indicatorforest-benchmarkforest-baselineforest-scenarioforest-projectionforest-forecastforest-outlookforest-visionforest-strategyforest-planforest-programforest-projectforest-activityforest-interventionforest-operationforest-practiceforest-techniqueforest-technologyforest-innovationforest-knowledgeforest-learningforest-capacityforest-institutionforest-organizationforest-platformforest-forumforest-dialogueforest-negotiationforest-mediationforest-arbitrationforest-litigationforest-enforcementforest-complianceforest-reportingforest-verificationforest-auditforest-evaluationforest-reviewforest-appraisalforest-certification-auditforest-chain-of-custodyforest-traceabilityforest-transparencyforest-accountabilityforest-integrityforest-governance-assessmentforest-governance-indicatorforest-governance-frameworkforest-governance-reformforest-governance-innovationforest-governance-learningforest-governance-capacityforest-governance-partnershipforest-governance-platformforest-governance-networkforest-governance-dialogueforest-governance-negotiationforest-governance-agreementforest-governance-commitmentforest-governance-implementationforest-governance-impactforest-governance-outcomeforest-governance-effectivenessforest-governance-efficiencyforest-governance-equityforest-governance-sustainabilityforest-governance-resilienceforest-governance-adaptationforest-governance-transformationforest-governance-transitionforest-governance-futureforest-governance-challengeforest-governance-opportunityforest-governance-priorityforest-governance-researchforest-governance-educationforest-governance-communicationforest-governance-outreachforest-governance-engagementforest-governance-participationforest-governance-collaborationforest-governance-cooperationforest-governance-coordinationforest-governance-integrationforest-governance-harmonizationforest-governance-alignmentforest-governance-convergenceforest-governance-divergenceforest-governance-complexityforest-governance-uncertaintyforest-governance-riskforest-governance-creativityforest-governance-leadershipforest-governance-entrepreneurshipforest-governance-empowermentforest-governance-ownershipforest-governance-responsibilityforest-governance-stewardshipforest-governance-custodianshipforest-governance-trusteeshipforest-governance-guardianshipforest-governance-careforest-governance-respectforest-governance-reciprocityforest-governance-relationshipforest-governance-connectionforest-governance-belongingforest-governance-identityforest-governance-cultureforest-governance-valuesforest-governance-ethicsforest-governance-principlesforest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• Lacunicambarus diogenes

  devil crayfish, devil crawfish

  Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.

  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• Leptoglossus

  leaf-footed bugs

  Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.

  Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconserv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