Threatened
Guides
Apterocyclus honoluluensis
Kauai Flightless Stag Beetle
Apterocyclus honoluluensis, the Kauai flightless stag beetle, is a flightless stag beetle endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai. It is the smallest and most commonly encountered species in its genus, with adults measuring 14–17 mm, rarely reaching 21 mm. The species has declined due to predation by introduced mice and habitat loss, and was considered for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1994 but was declined due to insufficient data.
Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
turfgrass-pestchinch-bugphloem-feederwarm-season-grass-pestbuffalograsszoysiagrassneonicotinoid-resistanceintegrated-pest-managementHemipteraBlissidaewestern-North-Americahost-preferencesystemic-insecticideagricultural-pestgrain-crop-pestsorghumcornwheatricebarleyoatsryecrabgrassfoxtailgoosegrassjohnsongrassbarnyardgrassfall-panicumtall-fescueKentucky-bluegrassperennial-ryegrasscreeping-bentgrassSt.-Augustinegrasscentipedegrassbermudagrassphloem-sap-feederturfgrass-managementinsecticide-degradationimidaclopridclothianidinthiamethoxampesticide-efficacyhost-suitabilitynymphal-mortalityfecunditysurvivalhost-relocationstoloniferous-growthgrass-architecturechoice-behaviorpolyphagyspecialist-feedingpest-of-lawnsgolf-course-pestsports-turf-pestresidential-pestagricultural-entomologyeconomic-entomologyintegrated-turf-managementBarber-1918Western-NearcticCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesCanadaCaliforniaColoradoKansasMontanaNebraskaNew-MexicoAlbertaBritish-ColumbiaManitobaSaskatchewantrue-bugLygaeidaeHeteropteraPentatomomorphaLygaeoideaHexapodaArthropodaInsectaAnimaliaEukaryotaMetazoaarthropodinsectbugplant-feeding-insectsap-feedereconomic-pestmanaged-grasslandresearch-subjectfield-efficacyHPLC-analysissystemic-distributionleaf-tissue-concentrationdifferential-mortalityinconsistent-controlinsecticide-resistancepest-managementturfgrass-scienceagronomyhorticulturelandscape-managementhost-plant-resistancecultivar-susceptibilitypopulation-dynamicsmovement-behaviorcolonizationreproductiondevelopmentnymphadultwing-polymorphismmorphologyidentification-keydiagnostic-charactergeographic-rangespecies-distributionnative-rangeintroduced-rangeoccasional-pestseasonal-activitymonitoringscoutingtreatment-thresholdaction-thresholdeconomic-injury-leveldamage-symptomplant-discolorationstuntingturf-damageyield-losscrop-protectionpest-controlchemical-controlbiological-controlcultural-controlresistant-varietieshybrid-selectionplanting-datecrop-rotationweed-managementhabitat-manipulationconservation-biological-controlnatural-enemiespredatorsparasitoidspathogenspopulation-regulationecosystem-servicedisserviceagricultural-intensificationurbanizationclimate-changerange-expansioninvasive-potentialquarantinephytosanitaryregulatory-pestspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmolecular-identificationDNA-barcodingmorphological-taxonomysystematicsphylogenyevolutionadaptationhost-racebiotypepopulation-geneticsgene-flowselection-pressureinsecticide-selectionresistance-managementintegrated-resistance-managementsustainable-agricultureecological-intensificationprecision-agriculturesmart-farmingdigital-agricultureremote-sensingproximal-sensingdecision-support-systemexpert-systemmodelingsimulationforecastingrisk-assessmentvulnerabilityexposuresensitivityadaptive-capacityresiliencetransformationfood-securitynutrition-securitylivelihoodsrural-developmenturban-agricultureperi-urban-agriculturegreen-infrastructurenature-based-solutionecosystem-approachOne-Healthplanetary-healthsustainability-sciencetransdisciplinary-researchstakeholder-engagementknowledge-co-productionscience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policyadaptive-governanceadaptive-managementlearning-by-doingparticipatory-researchcitizen-sciencecommunity-based-monitoringtraditional-ecological-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgefarmer-knowledgepractitioner-knowledgeexpert-knowledgescientific-knowledgeknowledge-integrationknowledge-translationknowledge-mobilizationextensionadvisory-servicecapacity-buildingeducationtrainingawarenesscommunicationoutreachengagementpartnershipcollaborationnetworkplatformdatabaserepositoryopen-accessopen-dataopen-scienceFAIR-principlesdata-sharingdata-interoperabilitystandardizationharmonizationquality-assurancequality-controlmetadataprovenancetransparencyreproducibilityreplicabilityrigorrobustnessuncertaintyconfidencevalidationverificationcalibrationsensitivity-analysisuncertainty-quantificationdecision-making-under-uncertaintyprecautionary-principleadaptive-decision-makingrobust-decision-makingdynamic-adaptive-policy-pathwaysreal-options-analysisportfolio-analysismulti-criteria-decision-analysiscost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysiseconomic-analysissocio-economic-analysisimpact-assessmentrisk-analysisvulnerability-assessmentadaptation-assessmentmitigation-assessmentsustainability-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentfootprint-analysismaterial-flow-analysisinput-output-analysiscomputable-general-equilibriumagent-based-modelingsystem-dynamicsBayesian-networkmachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkrandom-forestsupport-vector-machinegenetic-algorithmoptimizationheuristicmetaheuristicsimulation-modelprocess-based-modelstatistical-modelempirical-modelmechanistic-modelhybrid-modelensemble-modelmodel-selectionmodel-averagingmodel-validationmodel-calibrationmodel-evaluationgoodness-of-fitpredictive-performanceforecast-skillearly-warningearly-actionrapid-responseemergency-preparednesscontingency-planningcrisis-managementdisaster-risk-reductionres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ere-spherecollective-sphere-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphereBombus pensylvanicus
American bumblebee, Sonoran bumblebee
Bombus pensylvanicus is a threatened bumble bee species historically widespread across eastern North America. Populations have declined approximately 90% since the early 2000s, with range contractions particularly severe in northern and eastern portions of its former distribution. The species is a long-tongued pollinator favoring open grassland and agricultural habitats. It maintains a typical bumble bee colony cycle with queens initiating nests in early spring and colonies persisting until late autumn. The species is of significant conservation concern and has been proposed for Endangered Species Act protection.
Ceratophaga vicinella
Gopher Tortoise Shell Moth
Ceratophaga vicinella is a highly specialized keratin-feeding moth in the family Tineidae. The larvae feed exclusively on the keratin shells of dead gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), making this species dependent on a single host source that is currently in decline. Adults are small, dark moths with distinctive cream-colored head tufts. The species has a restricted range in the southeastern United States and appears to be declining due to threats facing its tortoise host.
Chaetocnema rileyi
Boca Chica flea beetle
Chaetocnema rileyi, known as the Boca Chica flea beetle, is a rare flea beetle species endemic to a single dune system at Boca Chica Beach in Texas. Adults inhabit sedge stems in beachside dunes, while larvae live underground feeding on root portions of host plants. The species faces conservation threats from nearby SpaceX rocket launch activities, which may kill beetles through thermal exposure from engine plumes or damage dune vegetation through debris impacts.
Chlosyne gabbii
Gabb's Checkerspot
Chlosyne gabbii is a rare checkerspot butterfly endemic to California. Adults have a wingspan of 32–45 mm with bright orange-brown and black checkered uppersides; females are lighter than males. The species is threatened throughout its range and is known from only a small geographic area in the western United States.
Cicindela timbisha
Timbisha Tiger Beetle
Cicindela timbisha is a recently described tiger beetle species endemic to a single freshwater spring locality in Inyo County, California, east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The species occupies an extremely restricted geographic range of less than 5 hectares, making it highly vulnerable to extinction. Adults have been observed ovipositing in damp dark soils along the spring margin. The specific habitat requirements and highly localized distribution suggest this species has precise microhabitat needs associated with freshwater spring environments in an otherwise arid region.
Desmocerus californicus
California Elderberry Borer, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle
Desmocerus californicus is a longhorned beetle endemic to the United States, with two recognized subspecies. The nominate subspecies D. c. californicus occurs in California, while D. c. dimorphus (the valley elderberry longhorn beetle) is restricted to the Central Valley of California and is federally listed as threatened. Adults are active for only a few weeks per year and feed on Sambucus pollen.
Desmocerus californicus dimorphus
Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle
Desmocerus californicus dimorphus is a federally threatened subspecies of longhorn beetle endemic to California's Central Valley. Adults display striking aposematic coloration with metallic blue bodies and orange elytral markings. The subspecies is sexually dimorphic, with males possessing notably longer antennae than females. It completes its entire life cycle in association with elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea), with larvae developing in living stems and roots. Detection has been substantially improved through the use of synthetic sex-attractant pheromones.
Elaphrus viridis
Delta Green Ground Beetle
Elaphrus viridis is a small, metallic-green ground beetle endemic to a restricted region in Solano County, California. It is closely associated with vernal pool habitats, where its life cycle is tied to seasonal flooding and drying patterns. The species is federally listed as threatened and IUCN Critically Endangered due to its extremely limited range and habitat loss. Adults are active during the wet season, emerging in January and becoming dormant by May when pools dry.
Enallagma recurvatum
Pine Barrens Bluet, Pale Barrens Bluet
Enallagma recurvatum is a small damselfly endemic to the United States. It inhabits freshwater lakes, particularly in pine barrens and similar sandy, acidic lake systems. The species is considered threatened due to habitat loss from development, water quality degradation, and shoreline alteration. Its restricted range and specialized habitat requirements make it vulnerable to environmental changes.
Erynnis persius
Persius Duskywing
Erynnis persius, the Persius duskywing, is a butterfly species in the family Hesperiidae native to North America. The species exhibits a single annual generation with larvae hibernating and pupating in spring. The eastern subspecies E. p. persius is of particular conservation concern, being rare and in severe decline due to habitat loss and decline of its obligate host plant, wild blue lupine (Lupinus perennis). Adults are difficult to distinguish from other duskywing skippers without close examination.
Euchlaena madusaria
Scrub Euchlaena Moth
Euchlaena madusaria, commonly known as the scrub euchlaena moth, is a geometrid moth species native to North America. It inhabits dry woodlands across a broad transcontinental range from British Columbia to Nova Scotia and southward to Florida, Missouri, and Oregon. The species has a wingspan of approximately 28 mm and is listed as threatened in Connecticut, indicating conservation concern in parts of its range.
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
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lobal-biodiversity-information-facilityesbiodiversity-image-portalspanish-collectionstype-specimenlichenantarcticabernensisliyellowstoneHabroscelimorpha dorsalis
Eastern Beach Tiger Beetle
Habroscelimorpha dorsalis, the eastern beach tiger beetle, is a coastal tiger beetle species found on sandy beaches along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America, ranging from the northeastern United States through Florida and into Mexico. Adults are active during summer months, foraging in intertidal zones for small invertebrates. The species has a two-year life cycle with larvae that construct vertical burrows in beach sand. One subspecies, H. d. dorsalis (Northeastern beach tiger beetle), is federally listed as threatened due to habitat loss from coastal development and recreational disturbance.
Hesperia dacotae
Dakota skipper
Hesperia dacotae, the Dakota skipper, is a small to medium-sized North American butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. Adults are active for approximately three weeks during June and July, their entire lifespan. The species inhabits native tallgrass prairie and has experienced significant population declines due to prairie destruction and modification. Listed as Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act since 2014, it has been extirpated from Illinois and Iowa, with its largest remaining population in North Dakota.
Latrodectus bishopi
Red Widow
Latrodectus bishopi, the red widow spider, is a venomous cobweb spider endemic to the sand-pine scrub habitat of central and southern Florida. First described as a variety of L. mactans in 1938 and elevated to species status in 1964, it is distinguished from other widow spiders by its distinctive coloration and lack of a complete hourglass marking. The species is listed as threatened in the United States due to its restricted range and habitat specificity.
Lethocerinae
giant water bugs
Lethocerinae is a subfamily of giant water bugs within Belostomatidae, comprising large aquatic predatory insects distributed across the Palearctic, Oriental, and Australian regions. The subfamily includes two genera: Lethocerus and Kirkaldyia. Members are characterized by their large size—among the largest in Hemiptera—and are distinguished from other belostomatid subfamilies by morphological and genetic differences. Species within this group face conservation concerns in parts of their range due to harvesting for human consumption.
Libellula jesseana
Purple Skimmer
Libellula jesseana, the purple skimmer, is a threatened dragonfly endemic to Florida, United States. Adults measure approximately 5 centimeters in length. The species is restricted to infertile, clear, sandy-bottomed lakes with specific shoreline vegetation, and is critically imperiled due to habitat degradation from human development.
Lycaena hermes
Hermes Copper
The Hermes Copper is a rare butterfly species endemic to southern California, currently classified under the genus Lycaena (family Lycaenidae). It is considered to be in danger of global extinction according to long-term monitoring data. The species has experienced severe population declines attributed to habitat loss, climate change, and pesticide use, particularly neonicotinoids.
Micronaspis
Florida intertidal firefly
Micronaspis is a monotypic genus of fireflies (Lampyridae) containing a single species, Micronaspis floridana, commonly known as the Florida intertidal firefly. This rare, endemic species is restricted to intertidal salt marsh habitats along the coast of Florida and the Bahamas. It represents a classic example of geographic isolation due to its highly specialized habitat requirements.
Micronaspis floridana
Florida Intertidal Firefly, fiddler crab firefly
Micronaspis floridana is a rare, endemic firefly restricted to intertidal salt marshes along the peninsular coast of Florida and the Bahamas. The genus is monotypic, containing only this single species. It serves as a model organism for studying genetic isolation and speciation due to its highly restricted 'shoestring' geographic distribution. The species is threatened by coastal development, storm surges, and sea level rise; Hurricane Dorian severely impacted populations on Grand Bahama island.
Nehalennia pallidula
Everglades Sprite
A small damselfly endemic to the southeastern United States, restricted to Florida and Texas. It inhabits swamps and freshwater marshes, where its preference for dense vegetation and diminutive size make it difficult to detect. The species faces significant threats from habitat loss due to water diversion, peat fires, and invasive species.
Ophiogomphus edmundo
Edmund's Snaketail
Ophiogomphus edmundo, commonly known as Edmund's Snaketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the United States. The species inhabits river systems and is currently threatened by habitat loss. Specific details regarding its distribution within the United States, population status, and ecological requirements remain limited in available sources.
Ophiogomphus howei
Pygmy Snaketail
Ophiogomphus howei, commonly known as the pygmy snaketail, is the smallest species in its genus in North America. This rare gomphid dragonfly is endemic to the United States and exhibits a highly disjunct distribution pattern across two main regions: the Great Lakes area and the Appalachian Mountains. Recent discoveries in southern Michigan suggest the species may be more adaptable to disturbed habitats than previously thought.
Orconectes
Orconectes is a genus of cave-dwelling freshwater crayfish endemic to the eastern United States. The genus was erected in 1872 by Edward Drinker Cope and originally contained 85 species in 11 subgenera. Following a 2017 taxonomic review, most surface-dwelling species were transferred to the genus Faxonius, leaving approximately 8 obligate cave-dwelling species in Orconectes. These subterranean crayfish exhibit classic troglomorphic traits including depigmentation, reduced eyes or blindness, and elongated appendages. Some species are extremely long-lived, though earlier claims of 176-year lifespans for O. australis were revised to 22 years or less in a 2012 study.
Papaipema duovata
Seaside Goldenrod Borer Moth, Seaside Goldenrod Stem Borer
Papaipema duovata is a noctuid moth specialized on seaside goldenrod. Adults are active in October and have a wingspan of approximately 36 mm. The species is listed as threatened in Connecticut. It was first described by Henry Bird in 1902 from specimens originally placed in Hydroecia.
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
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hconnectivity-conservationcorridorbuffer-zoneprotected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-refugewilderness-areaworld-heritage-sitebiosphere-reserveRamsar-siteImportant-Bird-AreaKey-Biodiversity-AreaAlliance-for-Zero-Extinction-siteconservation-priorityhotspotcrisis-ecoregionglobal-200last-of-the-wildhuman-footprintcumulative-impactthreat-indexvulnerability-indexadaptive-capacityexposuresensitivityresilienceresistancerecoveryrestorationrehabilitationreintroductiontranslocationex-situin-situcaptive-breedingbotanic-gardenzoogene-bankseed-banktissue-banksperm-bankoocyte-bankembryo-bankDNA-bankfrozen-zooarkinsurancesafety-netde-extinctiongenetic-rescuegenetic-restorationgenetic-augmentationgenetic-managementpopulation-managementmetapopulationsource-sinkpatchmatrixlandscapeseascapeecosystembiomeecoregionprovincezoneregiondistrictsitelocalityhabitatmicrohabitatnicheecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichetrophic-nichespatial-nichetemporal-nichebiotic-nicheabiotic-nichemultidimensional-nichen-dimensional-nicheHutchinsonian-nicheGrinnellian-nicheEltonian-nicheresourcerequirementlimitationstressdisturbanceperturbationfluctuationvariabilityheterogeneitycomplexitydiversityredundancystabilitypersistenceadaptationacclimationplasticityevolvabilityheritabilityselectiondriftflowmutationrecombinationspeciationcoalescencedivergenceconvergenceparallelismhomoplasyanalogyhomologysynapomorphysymplesiomorphyautapomorphyapomorphyplesiomorphyderivedancestralprimitiveadvancedbasalcrownstemnodebranchcladegradesubfamilyfamilysuperfamilyinfraordersuborderordersuperorderinfraclasssubclassclasssuperclasssubphylumphylumsuperphylumkingdomdomainlifeorganismindividualetc.Pyractomena linearis
Marsh Gray Firefly
Pyractomena linearis is a firefly species in the beetle family Lampyridae, described by LeConte in 1852. It is a wetland specialist with a broad but sparsely documented range across the northern United States and southern Canada. The species faces documented threats from habitat destruction and light pollution. Recent observations are scarce despite its extensive historical range.
Pyractomena marginalis
Marginal firefly
Pyractomena marginalis is a species of firefly in the beetle family Lampyridae, described by Green in 1957. It is native to North America with a historically scattered distribution across the eastern United States, from eastern Texas north to southern Maine. Recent observations suggest the species has become restricted primarily to the Appalachian Mountains, though uncertainty persists due to identification difficulties and lack of comprehensive surveys. The species faces potential threats from light pollution.
Pyrrhia aurantiago
Orange Sallow, Aureolaria Seed Borer
Pyrrhia aurantiago, commonly known as the Orange Sallow or Aureolaria Seed Borer, is a noctuid moth native to eastern North America. The species has a scattered distribution from New England west to Wisconsin and Missouri, extending south to Florida and Texas. It is listed as threatened in Connecticut. The common name "Aureolaria Seed Borer" reflects its documented association with Aureolaria (false foxglove) plants.
Speyeria zerene
Zerene fritillary, silverspot
Speyeria zerene is a medium-sized fritillary butterfly native to western North America, characterized by orange-brown upperside wings with black markings and distinctive silver metallic spots on the undersides. The species comprises approximately 15 recognized subspecies, several of which are of conservation concern, including the federally threatened Oregon silverspot (S. z. hippolyta) and Behren's silverspot (S. z. behrensii). Larvae are obligate specialists on Viola species, particularly Viola adunca, while adults feed on nectar from diverse flowering plants. Multiple subspecies have experienced significant range reductions due to habitat loss and degradation.
Thalassosmittia
Thalassosmittia is a genus of non-biting midges in the bloodworm family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The genus was established by Strenzke & Remmert in 1957 and is native to Europe. Species within this genus are primarily marine shore dwellers inhabiting intertidal zones. At least one species, T. ballestai, has been described from the Tyrrhenian sub-region and functions as a biological indicator of coastal habitat quality and climate change effects.
Trimerotropis huroniana
Lake Huron Locust, Great Lakes Grasshopper
A band-winged grasshopper endemic to the Great Lakes region, restricted to open dune habitats along the shores of Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. Body length ranges from 24–40 mm with females larger than males. Adults are active from late July through August. Federally listed as Threatened in Canada under the Species At Risk Act, with approximately 10 known sites remaining in Ontario.