Crepuscular

Guides

Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
Buprestidae metallic-wood-boring-beetle flower-visiting southwestern-North-America Arizona Mexico Acmaeodera Coleoptera diurnal-beetle July September Allionia Talinum Evolvulus Cazier-1940 jewel-beetle buprestid insect beetle arthropod animal Nearctic Neotropic Middle-America North-America Central-America accepted-species exact-match 103-observations iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life Wikipedia Ted-C.-MacRae Beetles-In-The-Bush field-collecting Arizona-blue-eyes White's-flameflower creeping-four-o'clock flower-host sky-islands Santa-Rita-Mountains Huachuca-Mountains Box-Canyon Copper-Canyon Gardner-Canyon Montosa-Canyon ruby-road Atascosa-Mountains Madera-Canyon Florida-Canyon summer-activity fall-activity July-collecting September-collecting beating-sheet sweeping visual-detection diurnal-activity flower-perching rare-beetle uncommon-species target-species buprestophile Cazier 1940 original-description type-locality species-description taxonomic-authority canonical-name scientific-name rank-species status-accepted match-type-exact kingdom-Animalia phylum-Arthropoda class-Insecta order-Coleoptera family-Buprestidae genus-Acmaeodera species-parkeri specific-epithet-parkeri classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Coleoptera-Polyphaga-Elateriformia-Buprestoidea-Buprestidae-Acmaeodera-Acmaeodera-parkeri distribution-Nearctic-Neotropic Middle-America-present North-America-present 103-iNaturalist-observations Wikipedia-summary found-in-Central-America-and-North-America field-notes collecting-trip Arizona-2021 Arizona-2019 Arizona-2018 New-Mexico-2018 Texas-2018 Jeff-Huether Art-Evans Margarethe-Brummermann Norm-Woodley Steve-Lingafelter Rob-Velten beetle-collecting insect-collecting entomology coleopterology buprestology jewel-beetles metallic-beetles flower-beetles pollen-feeders nectar-feeders floral-hosts host-plant-associations plant-insect-interactions ecology natural-history biodiversity conservation taxonomy systematics nomenclature authorship-Cazier-1940 original-combination current-combination valid-name accepted-name species-level-taxon no-subspecies no-synonyms-listed no-common-names no-vernacular-names specialist-pollinator generalist-flower-visitor montane-species desert-species riparian-species oak-woodland mesquite-scrub grassland chaparral sky-island-ecosystem Madrean-sky-islands Chihuahuan-Desert Sonoran-Desert Arizona-transition-zone Mexican-Plateau southeastern-Arizona southwestern-New-Mexico western-Texas northern-Mexico Mexican-states US-states habitat-generalist habitat-specialist elevational-range seasonal-phenology adult-emergence reproductive-biology larval-biology-unknown wood-boring-larvae xylophagous phytophagous herbivorous anthophilous flower-loving diurnal crepuscular nocturnal-unknown flight-capability active-flier visual-acuity color-vision metallic-coloration structural-color elytral-sculpture pronotal-shape antennal-serration tarsal-formula larval-host-unknown possibly-oak possibly-mesquite possibly-legume possibly-herbaceous field-identification-difficult museum-identification-required genitalia-examination type-specimen-comparison expert-determination voucher-specimens collection-records observation-records citizen-science iNaturalist-platform GBIF-portal Catalogue-of-Life-database Wikipedia-encyclopedia Beetles-In-The-Bush-blog Ted-C.-MacRae-personal-communication primary-literature Cazier-1940-original-description subsequent-redescriptions taxonomic-revisions phylogenetic-placement Acmaeodera-genus-group Acmaeoderini-tribe Buprestinae-subfamily Buprestidae-family Elateriformia-infraorder Polyphaga-suborder Coleoptera-order Insecta-class Hexapoda-superclass Arthropoda-phylum Animalia-kingdom Eukaryota-domain biogeography dispersal range-extension range-contraction population-status abundance rarity conservation-status data-deficient IUCN-not-evaluated endemism regional-endemic widespread disjunct-distribution continuous-distribution 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punishment voluntary-action mandatory-action hybrid-governance meta-governance steering rowing rowing-back rowing-forward rowing-together rowing-apart rowing-in-circles rowing-against-the-current rowing-with-the-current rowing-upstream rowing-downstream rowing-across rowing-through rowing-beyond rowing-within rowing-without rowing-above rowing-below rowing-beside rowing-between rowing-among rowing-amidst rowing-throughout rowing-everywhere rowing-nowhere rowing-somewhere rowing-anywhere
Agathymus
giant-skippers
Agathymus is a genus of large skipper butterflies described by H.A. Freeman in 1959. The genus comprises approximately 30 species distributed across arid regions of North America from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Costa Rica. Larvae are specialized stem-borers in agave plants, making this genus ecologically dependent on desert agave communities. Species are commonly known as giant-skippers.
skipper giant-skipper desert agave stem-borer nocturnal crepuscular North-America Mexico specialist
Asbolus verrucosus
Blue Death-Feigning Beetle, Desert Ironclad Beetle
A darkling beetle native to southwestern North American deserts, distinguished by its powdery blue wax coating and dramatic death-feigning behavior when threatened. Adults measure 18–21 mm and are highly adapted to arid environments. The species has become popular in the pet trade due to its hardiness and ease of care.
desert darkling-beetle death-feigning ant-mimicry wax-coating thanatosis pet-trade omnivore crepuscular Sonoran-Desert Mojave-Desert
Athoplastus acutus
Athoplastus acutus is a species of click beetle (family Elateridae) endemic to the northwestern United States. First described as Aplastus acutus by Knull in 1946, it was later transferred to the genus Athoplastus by Etzler & Johnson in 2018. Among the four species in its genus, it is the most frequently collected and has the broadest known range. It is the only species in the genus with confirmed larval associations and ecological field observations.
Elateridae click-beetle Northwestern-USA ponderosa-pine crepuscular UV-light-attraction DNA-barcoding sexual-dimorphism
Atlanticus testaceus
protean shieldback, short-legged shield-bearer
Atlanticus testaceus, commonly called the protean shieldback or short-legged shield-bearer, is a shield-backed katydid native to eastern North America. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in diet: adult females are primarily carnivorous while adult males consume mostly dried leaves and sand. Both sexes are known to engage in cannibalism. Activity is concentrated in the evening hours, with males stridulating intensively from elevated vegetation while females search for mates and prey.
shield-backed-katydid sexual-dimorphism cannibalism crepuscular stridulation leaf-litter
Boyeria vinosa
fawn darner
Boyeria vinosa, the fawn darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It inhabits rivers and streams in eastern North America, from southeastern Canada through the eastern United States. Adults are crepuscular, being most active at dusk. The species has a univoltine life cycle with egg diapause and approximately 10 months of larval development.
dragonfly Aeshnidae crepuscular univoltine lotic predator North-America stream-inhabitant
Calosoma marginale
rimmed caterpillar hunter, Wrinkle-winged Calosoma
A large ground beetle in the genus Calosoma, commonly known as the rimmed caterpillar hunter. Adults are crepuscular and active predators that hunt caterpillars and scarabaeid beetles. The species occurs across a broad geographic range from Central America through the southern and central United States. Adults overwinter in the ground.
Carabidae ground-beetle caterpillar-hunter predator arboreal crepuscular beneficial-insect chemical-defense
Camponotus socius
Sandhill Carpenter Ant
A large carpenter ant native to the southeastern United States, well-adapted to sandy soils of xeric woodlands. Exhibits polymorphic worker castes with distinctive coloration including variegated gaster banding. Notable for ground-nesting behavior unusual among Camponotus species, constructing deep nests with satellite colonies. Activity is primarily crepuscular, with midday retreat during hot periods.
carpenter-ant ground-nesting sandhill xeric-woodland polymorphic crepuscular southeastern-US Formicinae Tanaemyrmex
Cochylichroa hospes
Banded Sunflower Moth
A small tortricid moth native to North America, the banded sunflower moth is a significant pest of cultivated sunflowers. Adults are active in mid-summer and are attracted to sunflower heads at twilight for egg-laying. The species was transferred from the genus Cochylis to the redefined genus Cochylichroa in 2019 based on phylogenetic analysis.
pest sunflower agriculture Tortricidae leafroller-moth Helianthus seed-feeder North-America crepuscular economic-pest overwintering-larva
Colletidae
plasterer bees, polyester bees, cellophane bees
Colletidae is a family of solitary bees comprising over 2,000 species across 54 genera and five subfamilies. Members are commonly called plasterer bees or polyester bees due to their distinctive nest cell linings: females apply oral and abdominal secretions that dry into a cellophane-like, waterproof polyester membrane. The family exhibits exceptional diversity in Australia and South America, with over 50% of Australian bee species belonging to this family. Two subfamilies, Euryglossinae and Hylaeinae, uniquely lack external pollen-carrying structures (scopa) and instead transport pollen internally in their crops, feeding larvae with liquid or semiliquid pollen masses. Most species are solitary ground-nesters, though many form dense aggregations, and some exhibit crepuscular activity with enlarged ocelli.
bees solitary-bees polyester-bees plasterer-bees pollinators ground-nesting crepuscular Australian-endemism Hawaiian-endemism cellophane-lining internal-pollen-transport
Coloradia pandora pandora
Pandora sphinx moth
Coloradia pandora pandora is a subspecies of the Pandora sphinx moth, a large saturniid moth native to North and Middle America. Adults are characterized by their heavy-bodied, streamlined form and rapid, powerful flight. The subspecies is primarily distinguished by geographic distribution and subtle morphological differences from other Coloradia pandora subspecies. Larvae are hornworms that feed on grape family plants, particularly Virginia creeper.
Saturniidae sphinx-moth hornworm Virginia-creeper grape-family crepuscular North-America Middle-America
Dromochorus pruininus
Frosted Dromo Tiger Beetle
Dromochorus pruininus is a small, flightless tiger beetle with a highly restricted and disjunct distribution across the south-central United States. The species inhabits exposed clay and gypsum slopes with sparse vegetation, where it runs swiftly between grass clumps to escape detection. Long considered a synonym of D. belfragei, it was reinstated as a valid species based on smooth elytra contrasting with the granulated surface of its congener. The species exhibits crepuscular activity patterns and remains one of North America's most poorly known tiger beetles, with larvae described only in 2008.
tiger-beetle flightless clay-habitat conservation-priority crepuscular cryptic
Eleodes gigantea
desert stink beetle, darkling beetle
Eleodes gigantea is a large darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, commonly known as the desert stink beetle. It is distributed along the Pacific coast of North America from central California to Baja California, Mexico. When threatened, it exhibits the characteristic defensive behavior of the genus Eleodes: raising its body and secreting benzoquinone compounds from abdominal glands. The subspecies E. gigantea meridionalis has been documented in Pleistocene deposits at the La Brea Tar Pits.
desert-beetle defensive-secretion quinone crepuscular coastal-distribution
Euwallacea similis
ambrosia beetle
Euwallacea similis is a small ambrosia beetle (2.2–2.7 mm) native to South and Southeast Asia and Australia, now globally distributed through human trade in timber and wood commodities. It colonizes stressed, cut, or recently dead host trees rather than healthy living trees, distinguishing it from related invasive species like E. fornicatus. The species exhibits haplodiploid sex determination and inbreeding polygyny, with females farming symbiotic Fusarium fungi in wood galleries. First recorded in the Iberian Peninsula in 2025, it is considered a high-risk quarantine pest due to its polyphagous habits and potential to vector pathogenic fungi.
ambrosia-beetle invasive-species haplodiploid fungal-symbiosis forest-pest xyleborini quarantine-pest wood-boring-beetle global-trade-vector cryptic-species-complex secondary-borer crepuscular light-attracted fusarium-symbiont parthenogenesis inbreeding-polygyny genome-sequenced chromosome-fission iberian-peninsula-introduction 2025-range-expansion
Habrodais grunus
Golden Hairstreak
The golden hairstreak is a small North American butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is strongly associated with oak habitats and displays unusual crepuscular activity patterns, being most active during dawn and dusk rather than midday. The species has a single annual generation and shows high fidelity to specific oak host plants for larval development.
butterfly Lycaenidae hairstreak crepuscular oak-specialist univoltine western-North-America golden-hairstreak
Halictidae
sweat bees, halictid bees
Halictidae is the second-largest family of bees with nearly 4,500 described species worldwide. Commonly called sweat bees, many species are attracted to human perspiration to obtain dissolved salts and electrolytes. The family exhibits remarkable diversity in social organization, ranging from solitary to primitively eusocial species, and includes the taxon for which the term "eusocial" was originally coined. Halictids are important pollinators of wildflowers and some agricultural crops.
bees pollinators sweat-bees eusocial ground-nesting metallic-bees kleptoparasites nocturnal-bees crepuscular Halictidae Apoidea Anthophila
Hyles gallii
Bedstraw Hawkmoth, Galium Sphinx
Hyles gallii is a sphinx moth (Sphingidae) commonly known as the Bedstraw Hawkmoth or Galium Sphinx. It is a medium-sized hawkmoth with a wingspan typically ranging 50-70 mm. The species is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, including North America and Eurasia. Adults are known for their rapid, hovering flight and are primarily crepuscular or nocturnal, though they may be active during daylight hours. The larvae feed primarily on plants in the genus Galium (bedstraws), giving the species its common name.
hawkmoth sphinx-moth pollinator Galium-feeder Holarctic crepuscular hovering-flight subterranean-pupation
Lethe portlandia
Southern Pearly-eye, Portland Pearlyeye, Pearly Eye
Lethe portlandia, commonly known as the Southern Pearly-eye, is a satyrine butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States, ranging from eastern Oklahoma and Texas eastward through the coastal plain. Adults are characterized by eyespots on the wings and a distinctive flight pattern in shaded woodland habitats. The species has been subject to taxonomic revision, with some authorities placing it in the genus Enodia.
satyrine woodland cane-feeding crepuscular southeastern-endemic
Lintneria eremitus
Hermit Sphinx
Lintneria eremitus, commonly known as the hermit sphinx, is a medium-sized hawkmoth native to temperate eastern North America. The species has a single annual generation with adults active from late June through August. It is frequently found in gardens and suburban yards where both nectar sources and larval host plants occur. Adults are crepuscular, flying at dusk and visiting deep-throated flowers. The species is readily attracted to artificial light sources.
Sphingidae hawkmoth sphinx-moth North-America univoltine crepuscular garden-moth Lamiaceae-feeder
Megaloptera
alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies
Megaloptera is a small order of holometabolous insects containing approximately 300 described species across two extant families: Corydalidae (dobsonflies and fishflies) and Sialidae (alderflies). Adults are characterized by large, membranous wings that fold over the abdomen, and many species have short adult lifespans during which they do not feed. Larvae are exclusively aquatic, predatory, and serve as important indicators of stream health due to their sensitivity to pollution. The order was formerly classified within Neuroptera but is now recognized as a distinct order within the superorder Neuropterida.
aquatic-insects predatory-larvae bioindicators fishing-bait weak-fliers crepuscular holometabolous basal-metamorphosis Neuropterida
Nemapogon cloacella
Cork Moth
A small fungus moth with wingspan 10–18 mm, characterized by irregularly mottled forewings in black, brown, white and grey. Larvae feed primarily on bracket fungi, particularly oak mazegill (Daedalea quercina) and birch polypore (Piptoporus betulinus), with plant debris consumed when fungal hosts are unavailable. Adults are crepuscular, active throughout summer, and typically encountered at dusk. Widespread across western Palearctic and North America, with preferred habitat in woodlands containing abundant dead trees.
fungus-moth bracket-fungi woodland crepuscular western-Palearctic dead-wood saprotrophic
Neurocordulia alabamensis
Alabama Shadowdragon
Neurocordulia alabamensis, the Alabama Shadowdragon, is a dragonfly species in the family Corduliidae described in 1955. It belongs to a genus of shadowdragons known for crepuscular flight activity. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States, with documented populations in Alabama and adjacent regions. Like other Neurocordulia species, it is associated with riverine habitats and exhibits distinctive flight behavior during low-light conditions.
Odonata Anisoptera Corduliidae shadowdragon crepuscular riverine endemic southeastern-United-States lotic
Neurocordulia michaeli
Broad-tailed Shadowdragon
Neurocordulia michaeli, commonly known as the broad-tailed shadowdragon, is a dragonfly species in the family Corduliidae. It was described by Brunelle in 2000. The species is found in rivers across parts of Canada and the United States. It is one of several shadowdragon species in the genus Neurocordulia, which are known for their crepuscular flight habits.
dragonfly shadowdragon riverine North-America crepuscular
Oreoneta
A genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) established in 1894, comprising approximately 30 species distributed across cold-temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species inhabit high-latitude or high-altitude environments. The genus was revised extensively by Saaristo & Marusik in 2004, resulting in numerous new species descriptions.
Arachnida Araneae Linyphiidae dwarf-spider Arctic boreal Holarctic tundra montane predator cold-adapted ground-dwelling high-latitude high-altitude Saaristo Marusik Chyzer Kulczyński 1894 2004-revision genitalic-characters epigynum embolus conductor palaearctic nearctic Eurasia North-America Scandinavia Siberia Alaska Canada Greenland Kazakhstan Mongolia China Kurile-Islands Finland Sweden Norway Germany Switzerland Italy Slovakia Bulgaria Central-Europe type-species:-Oreoneta-frigida thirty-species 30-species small-spider sheet-web-weaver money-spider Linyphiinae Erigoninae microhabitat litter-dwelling cryptic understudied taxonomic-revision morphological-taxonomy light-microscopy species-description biogeography glacial-refugia post-glacial-colonization endemic regional-endemic alpine-endemic Arctic-endemic boreal-forest taiga rocky-habitat meadow wetland stream-margin snowbed fellfield heath moss lichen vegetation soil-surface stone rock boulder scree talus debris humus organic-layer permafrost polar subpolar cold-stenotherm stenotherm stenotopic habitat-specialist conservation rare data-deficient IUCN red-list natural-history systematics phylogeny molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding COI cytochrome-oxidase 28S 18S ITS morphology taxonomy alpha-taxonomy revision monograph faunistics chorology zoogeography dispersal vicariance speciation cryptic-species species-complex species-group species-aggregate subspecies infraspecific variation polymorphism sexual-dimorphism male female juvenile instar ecdysis molting development growth reproduction mating courtship sperm-transfer spermatophore pedipalp palpal-organ copulatory-organ genitalia epigyne vulva spermatheca fertilization-duct copulatory-duct atrium scape maceration dissection microscope stereomicroscope compound-microscope illustration drawing photography SEM scanning-electron-microscopy habitus dorsal ventral lateral prosoma opisthosoma abdomen cephalothorax carapace sternum chelicera fang leg tarsus metatarsus tibia patella femur coxa trochanter spinneret colulus tracheal-spiracle book-lung cuticle seta hair spine macroseta sensillum chaetotaxy eye oculus ocelli anterior-median-eye posterior-median-eye anterior-lateral-eye posterior-lateral-eye eye-tubercle clypeus fovea pedicel waist constriction color pattern pigmentation melanism albinism size measurement total-length carapace-length carapace-width abdomen-length leg-length leg-formula index ratio proportion allometry ontogeny subadult adult maturity sexual-maturity reproductive-maturity longevity life-span generation-time voltinism univoltine semivoltine biennial perennial overwintering diapause quiescence cold-hardiness freeze-tolerance freeze-avoidance supercooling cryoprotectant glycerol sorbitol trehalose thermal-biology thermoregulation behavioral-thermoregulation postural-thermoregulation activity diurnal nocturnal crepuscular matutinal vespertine circadian rhythm seasonal phenology calendar date month activity-period breeding-season oviposition egg egg-sac cocoon silk web sheet-web tangle-web space-web platform-web dome-web bowl-web funnel retreat signal-line dragline attachment-disc ampullate-gland cylindriform-gland aciniform-gland aggregate-gland flagelliform-gland tubuliform-gland piriform-gland major-ampullate minor-ampullate silk-protein spidroin fibroin sericin glue viscid dry capture-silk dragline-silk safety-line anchor-line frame-line radial-line spiral-line sticky-spiral non-sticky-spiral hub perimeter substrate niche guild functional-group trophic-level carnivore zoophage arthropodivore insectivore prey capture attack subdue immobilize kill feed digest extraoral-digestion sucking-stomach gut midgut hindgut Malpighian-tubule excretion osmoregulation metabolism respiration trachea spiracle gas-exchange circulation hemolymph heart aorta sinus nervous-system brain ganglion nerve sensory-organ mechanoreceptor chemoreceptor thermoreceptor hygroreceptor photoreceptor proprioceptor trichobothrium tarsal-organ slit-sensillum lyriform-organ pedipalp-organ Haller's-organ contact-chemoreceptor gustatory olfactory pheromone semiochemical kairomone allomone synomone communication signal vibration seismic airborne visual chemical tactile copulation insemination sperm spermatozoon median-apophysis terminal-apophysis paracymbium cymbium bulbus tegulum subtegulum radix lamella process apophysis flange hook coil spiral duct reservoir sclerite plate field fossa pocket receptaculum spermathecae gland insemination-duct uterus uterus-externus uterus-internus vagina gonopore ovipositor ovary oviduct follicle vitellogenesis oogenesis spermatogenesis testis vas-deferens ejaculatory-duct seminal-vesicle fecundity fertility clutch-size egg-number hatching emergence ballooning aerial-dispersal silk-dragline gossamer migration movement walking running jumping climbing burrowing hiding refuge shelter defense predation predator-avoidance antipredator crypsis camouflage mimicry aposematism deimatic thanatosis autotomy leg-loss regeneration injury wound healing immune-response hemocyte melanization encapsulation nodule parasite parasitoid pathogen fungus bacterium virus nematode mite grooming cleaning hygiene self-maintenance silk-use web-use prey-capture foraging hunting ambush sit-and-wait active-hunting searching probing testing exploration learning memory cognition behavior ethology ecology population community ecosystem biome biosphere habitat environment abiotic biotic factor temperature humidity moisture precipitation rain snow wind light photoperiod day-length radiation UV soil cover complexity heterogeneity productivity energy nutrient carbon nitrogen phosphorus food-web trophic-interaction predator-prey competition intraspecific interspecific resource partitioning coexistence diversity richness evenness abundance density frequency occurrence presence absence detection sampling collection pitfall-trap quadrat transect hand-collecting beating sifting extraction Berlese Tullgren Winkler flotation sorting preservation ethanol formalin mount slide label catalog database repository museum voucher type holotype paratype syntype lectotype paralectotype neotype topotype original data locality georeference coordinate latitude longitude elevation altitude depth collector determination identification expert specialist literature publication journal article paper book thesis dissertation report checklist online digital archive bibliography reference citation author year volume page figure map table appendix supplementary material methods results discussion conclusion abstract keyword index-term subject topic discipline science biology zoology arachnology entomology evolution phylogenetics biological nature protection management policy legislation restoration monitoring assessment indicator flagship umbrella keystone engineer service function dynamics stability resilience resistance recovery succession disturbance climate change warming glacier range shift expansion contraction fragmentation isolation connectivity corridor network reserve park protected area wilderness urban rural agricultural forestry mining impact threat risk vulnerability sensitivity exposure adaptive capacity mitigation adaptation sustainable use harvest trade economy medicine research education outreach citizen engagement awareness appreciation aesthetic cultural spiritual existence value intrinsic instrumental utilitarian anthropocentric biocentric ecocentric ethic philosophy history discovery expedition voyage survey inventory fauna biota biodiversity life earth planet wildlife animal invertebrate arthropod chelicerate arachnid spider araneomorph entelegyne micryphantid Oreoneta 2004 frigida type-species alpine feeding type-specimen climate-change protected-area
Paratrea plebeja
Trumpet Vine Sphinx, Plebeian Sphinx Moth
Paratrea plebeja, the Trumpet Vine Sphinx or Plebeian Sphinx Moth, is the sole member of its genus in the family Sphingidae. This hawk moth is distributed across the eastern United States and Great Plains. The species is strongly associated with trumpet vine (Campsis radicans), which serves as its primary larval host plant. Adults are crepuscular and nocturnal, with a flight period spanning late spring through summer.
sphingid hawk-moth specialist-herbivore trumpet-vine nocturnal crepuscular North-America
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetles Dynastinae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe global-distribution morphological-diversity sexual-dimorphism generic-diversity mouthpart-morphology secondary-sexual-characters horns biogeographic-restriction taxonomic-revision dichotomous-keys new-species-description new-genus-description lectotype-designation synonymy new-combination distribution-mapping female-description habitat-data behavioral-observations Australia Colombia Bolivia India Western-Australia New-South-Wales Neotropical Australian Afrotropical Oriental Palaearctic Cheiroplatina Dipelicina Pentodontina Pseudoryctina Bothynus Heteronychus Epironastes Philcarneum Constricticollis Carneiola Anomalomorpha Enracius Erbmahcedius Cavonus Pericoptus Pentodon Calicnemis Metanastes Neometanastes Pimelopus Podalgus Pseudoryctes Cheiroplatys Dipelicus Denhezia Euetheola Hylobothynus Oxyligyrus Parapucaya Pucaya Tomarus Adoryphorus Carneoryctes Teinogenys Ligyrus Allsopp Hutchinson Arrow Carne Endrödi Dechambre Prell Ohaus Bates Hope Laporte-de-Castelnau Erichson Burmeister Sharp Mulsant Blackburn Dupuis Özdikmen Yamaya Fairmaire Redtenbacher Steinheil Ratcliffe Cave Fabricius Dejean iNaturalist Wikipedia Catalogue-of-Life Zootaxa Journal-of-Insect-Biodiversity Records-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-India The-Coleopterists-Bulletin BioLib.cz Wikimedia-Commons DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.2 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/172964 10.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.7 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.2 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.3 10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2 10.1649/1186.1 new-synonymy lectotype distribution-map habitat-description key-to-species key-to-genera male-genitalia external-morphology aedeagus habitus photographs illustrations specimen-records natural-history biogeography endemic restricted-distribution coastal southwestern southeastern northern Arani Cochabamba Kununurra Menzies New-Zealand South-America first-record misidentification erroneous-record invisible-taxon formal-nomenclature cephalic-horns thoracic-horns claw-modification antennal-club mouthparts mandibles maxillae labium clypeus pronotum elytra pygidium tarsi metatarsi tibiae femora prosternal-process mesosternal-process metasternal-process abdominal-sternites parameres phallobase internal-sac spermatheca ovipositor larva pupa adult instar third-instar C-shaped scarabaeiform soil-dwelling nocturnal crepuscular flight aggregation mating oviposition feeding root-feeding detritivory saprophagy herbivory frugivory pollen-feeding nectar-feeding decay decomposition nutrient-cycling soil-aeration pest agricultural-pest pasture-pest sugarcane-pest root-damage turf-damage biological-control indicator-species conservation biodiversity endemism cryptic-species species-complex morphological-variation geometric-morphometrics phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding COI 16S 28S 18S ITS biogeographic-region biogeographic-realm Neotropics Afrotropics Australasia Indomalaya Palearctic Nearctic Madagascar oceanic-islands continental insular montane lowland tropical subtropical temperate arid semi-arid humid rainforest savanna grassland woodland forest coastal-dune riparian wetland agricultural pasture plantation urban disturbed primary-habitat secondary-habitat seasonal-activity rainy-season dry-season monsoon altitude elevation latitude longitude geographic-range range-extension range-contraction disjunct-distribution vicariance dispersal colonization invasion introduced native cosmopolitan widespread restricted rare common abundant scarce data-deficient IUCN CITES protected threatened vulnerable endangered critically-endangered extinct fossil subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene museum-specimen collection voucher type-specimen holotype paratype syntype paralectotype neotype topotype original-description redescription diagnosis emended-diagnosis key dichotomous-key illustrated-key interactive-key digital-key mobile-app online-database GBIF BOLD GenBank MorphBank ZooBank LSID ORCID open-access paywall supplementary-material supporting-information data-availability code-availability ethical-statement conflict-of-interest funding acknowledgments author-contribution peer-review editorial-process publication-date journal volume issue pages article-number ISSN eISSN ISBN publisher academic-press scientific-press society association institution university museum herbarium archive repository database index catalogue checklist inventory monograph revision review synthesis meta-analysis systematic-review rapid-assessment long-term-study field-work laboratory-work molecular-work morphological-work anatomical-work histological-work developmental-work behavioral-work ecological-work physiological-work biochemical-work genetic-work genomic-work transcriptomic-work proteomic-work metabolomic-work imaging photography microscopy electron-microscopy scanning-electron-microscopy SEM transmission-electron-microscopy TEM confocal-microscopy light-microscopy stereomicroscopy macrophotography stacked-photography 3D-imaging micro-CT CT-scanning MRI NMR spectroscopy spectrometry chromatography electrophoresis sequencing Sanger-sequencing next-generation-sequencing NGS Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore Sanger capillary-electrophoresis DNA-extraction PCR amplification primer marker gene locus alignment phylogeny tree network haplotype haplogroup population-genetics population-structure gene-flow genetic-diversity heterozygosity inbreeding effective-population-size demography coalescent divergence-time molecular-clock calibration fossil-calibration biogeographic-calibration ecological-niche-modeling ENM species-distribution-modeling SDM maxent bioclim worldclim chelsa remote-sensing GIS GPS georeferencing geocoding coordinate datum projection map cartography spatial-analysis temporal-analysis statistical-analysis R Python MATLAB SAS SPSS Excel software algorithm workflow pipeline automation machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-recognition natural-language-processing NLP text-mining data-mining big-data open-science FAIR findable accessible interoperable reusable metadata provenance version-control Git GitHub GitLab Bitbucket backup preservation curation stewardship sustainability long-term future legacy impact citation h-index altmetric journal-impact-factor green-OA gold-OA hybrid APC preprint postprint author-manuscript accepted-manuscript published-version version-of-record embargo licensing copyright creative-commons CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND CC0 public-domain patent trademark trade-secret intellectual-property IP ethics biosafety biosecurity animal-welfare animal-ethics research-ethics field-ethics indigenous-knowledge traditional-knowledge local-knowledge community-engagement stakeholder partnership collaboration capacity-building training education outreach communication science-communication public-engagement citizen-science crowdsourcing volunteer amateur naturalist observer photographer collector curator taxonomist systematist ecologist evolutionary-biologist conservation-biologist entomologist coleopterist scarabaeologist dynastinist specialist expert authority nomenclator nomenclatural-act original-publication subsequent-designation emendation rejection suppression homonym synonym objective-synonym subjective-synonym junior-synonym senior-synonym homotypic-synonym heterotypic-synonym nomen-nudum nomen-dubium nomen-oblitum nomen-protectum nomen-conservandum available-name valid-name accepted-name correct-name current-combination original-combination status-novum comb.-nov.syn.-nov.sp.-nov.gen.-nov.subgen.-nov.subsp.-nov.nom.-nov.nom.-nud.nom.-dub.incertae-sedis unplaced unassigned subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety form morph ecotype population stock strain breed cultivar clone lineage biotype karyotype chromosome genome transcriptome proteome metabolome phenome morphome anatomical morphological meristic morphometric allometric ontogenetic developmental life-history reproductive behavioral ecological physiological biochemical genetic genomic evolutionary phylogenetic phylogeographic biogeographic historical paleontological archaeological geological climatological environmental applied economic medical veterinary forestry horticultural industrial pollution climate-change global-warming habitat-loss fragmentation deforestation agricultural-intensification urbanization invasive-species pathogen parasite predator competition mutualism symbiosis commensalism amensalism neutralism facilitation inhibition trophic-cascade food-web food-chain energy-flow ecosystem-function ecosystem-service provisioning regulating supporting cultural alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity species-richness species-evenness species-abundance rarefaction extrapolation asymptotic non-asymptotic sample sampling survey monitoring assessment evaluation indicator bioindicator flagship umbrella keystone ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant subordinate frequent occasional accidental vagrant migrant resident breeding non-breeding wintering summering migration nomadism irruption establishment naturalization spreading range-expansion range-shift extirpation extinction local-extinction global-extinction functional-extinction ecological-extinction pseudextinction Lazarus-taxon Elvis-taxon zombie-taxon living-fossil relict indigenous autochthonous allochthonous exotic alien invasive naturalized casual escaped cultivated ornamental pet food medicine fiber fuel timber fodder pollinator pest-control seed-dispersal soil-formation erosion-control water-purification air-purification carbon-sequestration climate-regulation disease-regulation pest-regulation flood-regulation storm-protection recreation tourism aesthetic spiritual cultural-heritage research inspiration existence-value option-value bequest-value intrinsic-value anthropocentric biocentric ecocentric utilitarian instrumental relational intrinsic inherent absolute conditional responsibility care respect reverence wonder curiosity knowledge understanding wisdom science natural-philosophy biology zoology entomology coleopterology scarabaeology dynastinology systematics taxonomy nomenclature classification evolution ecology behavior paleontology conservation-biology environmental-science agricultural-science forestry-science veterinary-science medical-science public-health one-health planetary-health ecosystem-health biodiversity-health species-health population-health individual-health genetic-health environmental-health social-health economic-health political-health cultural-health spiritual-health holistic-health integrated-health sustainable-development sustainable-use sustainable-management adaptive-management precautionary-principle ecosystem-approach landscape-approach seascape-approach connectivity-conservation corridor buffer-zone protected-area national-park nature-reserve wildlife-refuge wilderness-area world-heritage-site biosphere-reserve Ramsar-site Important-Bird-Area Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction-site conservation-priority hotspot crisis-ecoregion global-200 last-of-the-wild human-footprint cumulative-impact threat-index vulnerability-index adaptive-capacity exposure sensitivity resilience resistance recovery restoration rehabilitation reintroduction translocation ex-situ in-situ captive-breeding botanic-garden zoo gene-bank seed-bank tissue-bank sperm-bank oocyte-bank embryo-bank DNA-bank frozen-zoo ark insurance safety-net de-extinction genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-augmentation genetic-management population-management metapopulation source-sink patch matrix landscape seascape ecosystem biome ecoregion province zone region district site locality habitat microhabitat niche ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche trophic-niche spatial-niche temporal-niche biotic-niche abiotic-niche multidimensional-niche n-dimensional-niche Hutchinsonian-niche Grinnellian-niche Eltonian-niche resource requirement limitation stress disturbance perturbation fluctuation variability heterogeneity complexity diversity redundancy stability persistence adaptation acclimation plasticity evolvability heritability selection drift flow mutation recombination speciation coalescence divergence convergence parallelism homoplasy analogy homology synapomorphy symplesiomorphy autapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy derived ancestral primitive advanced basal crown stem node branch clade grade subfamily family superfamily infraorder suborder order superorder infraclass subclass class superclass subphylum phylum superphylum kingdom domain life organism individual etc.
Phoracantha semipunctata
Australian Eucalyptus longhorn, Common Eucalyptus Longhorn, eucalyptus longhorned borer, firewood beetle
Phoracantha semipunctata is a wood-boring beetle in the family Cerambycidae, native to Australia and invasive in many regions where Eucalyptus has been introduced. Adults are crepuscular, active during warmer evening hours when temperatures exceed 15°C. Females lay eggs under loose bark or in bark crevices of stressed or freshly cut Eucalyptus trees; larvae bore into phloem and sapwood, potentially girdling and killing trees. The species is a significant pest in plantations outside Australia, though outbreaks in its native range are associated with drought-stressed trees.
cerambycidae eucalyptus-pest invasive-species wood-borer crepuscular oligophagous drought-associated-outbreak biological-control-target Australia-native global-invasive
Plagiostira albonotata
white-marked shieldback
Plagiostira albonotata, commonly known as the white-marked shieldback, is a species of shield-backed katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is a large, robust katydid found in arid regions of the southwestern United States. The species is characterized by distinctive white markings on its body. Observations indicate activity during summer months in desert and semi-desert habitats.
shield-backed-katydid Orthoptera Tettigoniidae desert southwestern-United-States nocturnal brachypterous katydid insect arid-habitat yucca-association summer-activity white-markings large-body-size Plagiostirini Tettigoniinae New-Mexico Arizona Utah west-Texas sand-dunes desert-scrub crepuscular limited-flight Scudder-1876 Plagiostira-albonotata white-marked-shieldback Ensifera Tettigoniidea Tettigonioidea Hexapoda Arthropoda Insecta Animalia Eukaryota Metazoa grasshoppers,-crickets-&-katydids Plagiostira 28-observations iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy Wikipedia Beetles-In-The-Bush 2018-New-Mexico/Texas-Insect-Collecting-Trip Ted-C.-MacRae Jeff-Huether June-2–9,-2018 southeastern-New-Mexico Mescalero-Sand-Dunes Kermit,-Texas Hwy-380 San-Antonio Bingham Sandia-Mountains Walking-Sands-Rest-Area Valley-of-Fire-National-Recreation-Area Sierra-Blanca-Mountains Sunset,-New-Mexico Hobbs,-New-Mexico Kermit-Sand-Dunes I-10-Rest-Area Fabens,-Texas Carlsbad,-New-Mexico Loco-Hills,-New-Mexico Carrizozo,-New-Mexico Bingham,-New-Mexico Socorro,-New-Mexico The-Box yucca Prosopis-glandulosa mesquite Opuntia-imbricata cholla Juniperus-monosperma juniper Sapindus-drummondii soapberry Acacia-greggii catclaw-acacia Acacia-rigida black-acacia Thelesperma Dalea Penstemon Robinia Celtis Gaillardia Oenethera Baccharis Sphaeralcea Ephedra Cacama cactus-dodger-cicada Tragidion-armatum Prionus-arenarius Prionus-palparis Prionus-integer Polyphylla Moneilema cactus-beetle Gyascutus Acmaeodera Chrysobothris Agrilus Enoclerus Actenodes Paratyndaris Acmaeoderopsis Brachys Neoclytus Cleridae Cerambycidae Buprestidae Scarabaeidae Carabidae Tenebrionidae Meloidae Coreidae Pompilidae tarantula-hawk Cicindelidae Cylindera-lemniscata tiger-beetle Lycaenidae Brephidium-exilis western-pygmy-blue Echinargus-isola Reakirt's-blue shieldback desert-insect nocturnal-insect brachypterous-insect summer-insect arid-land-insect yucca-associated-insect New-Mexico-insect Arizona-insect Utah-insect Texas-insect southwestern-US-insect North-American-insect Nearctic-insect Tettigoniidae-insect Orthoptera-insect Ensifera-insect Tettigoniinae-insect Plagiostirini-insect Plagiostira-insect P.-albonotata white-marked-shieldback-katydid giant-katydid large-katydid desert-katydid sand-dune-katydid yucca-katydid nocturnal-katydid brachypterous-katydid summer-katydid Scudder's-katydid 1876-katydid Orthopteran katydid-species shieldback-species Tettigoniidae-species Plagiostira-species desert-species arid-species nocturnal-species brachypterous-species summer-species New-Mexico-species Arizona-species Utah-species Texas-species southwestern-US-species North-American-species Nearctic-species
Ptiloglossa
Ptiloglossa is a genus of large, hairy bees in the family Colletidae, endemic to the Americas. The genus is notable for being among the most common nocturnal colletid bees, with activity restricted to very low light conditions. Species possess enlarged ocelli that facilitate flight in dim light. The genus contains approximately 55 species, with highest diversity in South and Central America.
nocturnal crepuscular matinal vespertine buzz-pollination sonication pollinator endemic Americas Colletidae Diphaglossinae Caupolicanini ocelli low-light yeast liquid-provisions
Pyractomena
fireflies
Pyractomena is a genus of fireflies in the family Lampyridae, comprising at least 20 described species. These beetles are known for their bioluminescent courtship displays, with adults typically active during twilight hours. The genus is part of the diverse Lampyridae family, which has been the subject of increasing scientific attention due to concerns about population declines across many firefly taxa.
firefly bioluminescence Lampyridae Coleoptera crepuscular North-America
Pyropyga decipiens
Sneaky Elf
Pyropyga decipiens is a firefly species in the beetle family Lampyridae, commonly known as the 'Sneaky Elf.' It belongs to the 'dark firefly' group—species that lack the conspicuous bioluminescent flashes typical of better-known fireflies. The species is widely distributed across North America, with records from New Brunswick, Canada, throughout the United States, and into the southwestern regions. Despite being one of the most common fireflies in parts of the western United States, particularly the Front Range of Colorado and the Southwest, it was notably omitted from major firefly field guides. Adults are diurnal or crepuscular and do not produce the dramatic light displays associated with other firefly genera.
firefly dark-firefly non-bioluminescent diurnal crepuscular western-North-America Colorado Southwest
Rothschildia lebeau
Lebeau's Silk Moth, Forbes Moth
Rothschildia lebeau is a giant silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, distributed from the Lower Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico to Brazil. Adults are short-lived and do not feed, relying on fat reserves accumulated during larval development. The species exhibits a life history tradeoff between larval survival and adult body size based on host plant quality, with larger males showing higher mating success.
giant-silkmoth Saturniidae host-plant-tradeoff sexual-selection tropical-dry-forest Barro-Colorado-Island pheromone-communication non-feeding-adult complete-metamorphosis cultural-significance indigenous-use cocoon-harvesting mating-success body-size-dimorphism seasonal-variation microbial-associations protistan-diversity caterpillar-microbiome herbivore forest-ecology Neotropical Mexico Central-America South-America Panama Costa-Rica Brazil Texas Rio-Grande-Valley exhibit-species butterfly-house education conservation light-pollution suburban-sprawl introduced-parasites rearing cottage-industry vestigial-mouthparts fat-reserves short-lived-adult female-sedentary-behavior male-dispersal oviposition-site-selection fitness-consequences life-history-evolution quantitative-genetic-variation wet-season-phenology developmental-plasticity survival-size-tradeoff herbivore-performance plant-animal-interactions microbial-observatory molecular-characterization eukaryotic-microbiome saturniid-caterpillar Lepidoptera Bombycoidea Rothschildia Guérin-Méneville-1868 Attacus-lebeau Lebeau's-Silk-Moth Forbes-Moth Rothschildia-lebeau-forbesi windows transparent-wing-patches scale-less-wing-areas antennae sexual-dimorphism mate-choice sperm-competition reproductive-success larval-performance caterpillar-growth pupal-development adult-emergence longevity predation bat-predation nocturnal crepuscular moth silkmoth silkworm giant-moth forest-moth tropical-moth Neotropical-fauna biodiversity insect-collection museum-specimen Bohart-Museum American-Museum-of-Natural-History entomology lepidopterology systematics taxonomy natural-history field-study observational-study experimental-ecology evolutionary-ecology behavioral-ecology population-biology community-ecology ecosystem-function food-web trophic-interaction herbivory folivory tree-insect-interaction phenology climate-effects seasonality environmental-variation habitat-heterogeneity host-race ecotype local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity genetic-variation quantitative-trait trade-off allocation reproductive-allocation parental-investment offspring-size offspring-number optimal-clutch-size mate-competition intrasexual-selection intersexual-selection ornament signal chemical-communication olfaction sensory-ecology foraging movement-ecology dispersal migration home-range activity-pattern diel-cycle circadian-rhythm photoperiod temperature humidity rainfall precipitation dry-season wet-season tropical-seasonality El-Niño climate-change global-warming habitat-disturbance forest-fragmentation deforestation agricultural-expansion urbanization conservation-biology threatened-species common-species population-decline extinction-risk protected-area national-park biological-reserve research-station Smithsonian-Tropical-Research-Institute Barro-Colorado-Island-Nature-Monument Gatun-Lake Panama-Canal Isthmus-of-Panama Central-American-isthmus land-bridge biogeography vicariance dispersal-limitation species-range range-expansion range-contraction range-shift poleward-shift elevational-shift altitudinal-gradient latitudinal-gradient thermal-tolerance desiccation-resistance water-balance physiological-ecology metabolic-rate energetics nutritional-ecology stoichiometry nitrogen phosphorus carbon plant-secondary-metabolite tannin alkaloid terpenoid defense induced-defense constitutive-defense herbivore-offense counter-adaptation coevolution evolutionary-arms-race phylogenetic-constraint phylogenetic-signal comparative-method phylogenetic-comparative-analysis trait-evolution reproductive-strategy iteroparity semelparity big-bang-reproduction suicidal-reproduction capital-breeder income-breeder resource-acquisition resource-allocation storage fat-body lipid glycogen protein amino-acid vitamin micronutrient digestion gut-microbiome gut-flora intestinal-microorganism symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism pathogen disease immunity immune-response defense-mechanism resistance tolerance recovery survival mortality fecundity fertility sterility hybridization introgression gene-flow population-structure genetic-differentiation FST isolation-by-distance isolation-by-environment landscape-genetics landscape-ecology spatial-ecology geographic-information-system remote-sensing satellite-imagery habitat-suitability species-distribution-model ecological-niche-model MaxEnt BIOMOD ensemble-forecast climate-envelope niche-conservatism niche-evolution realized-niche fundamental-niche biotic-interaction competition facilitation apparent-competition indirect-effect trophic-cascade keystone-species ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant-species rare-species functional-diversity functional-trait trait-based-ecology community-assembly filtering sorting neutral-theory niche-theory unified-theory metacommunity metapopulation source-sink-dynamics rescue-effect mass-effect patch-dynamics landscape-mosaic connectivity corridor stepping-stone matrix-quality edge-effect interior-forest core-area buffer-zone fragment-size isolation perimeter-area-ratio shape-index fractal-dimension habitat-amount threshold-effect extinction-debt relaxation-time lag-effect time-delay historical-legacy founder-effect bottleneck genetic-drift inbreeding inbreeding-depression outbreeding outbreeding-depression heterosis hybrid-vigor genetic-rescue assisted-migration managed-relocation translocation reintroduction restoration-ecology habitat-restoration ecological-restoration rewilding de-extinction synthetic-biology conservation-genetics conservation-genomics population-genomics landscape-genomics environmental-DNA eDNA metabarcoding metagenomics transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics phenomics imaging computer-vision machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network convolutional-neural-network recurrent-neural-network generative-adversarial-network transfer-learning data-augmentation training-set validation-set test-set cross-validation bootstrap jackknife permutation randomization Monte-Carlo Markov-chain Bayesian-inference posterior-probability prior-probability likelihood model-selection information-criterion AIC BIC DIC WAIC LOO model-averaging multimodel-inference structural-equation-model path-analysis causal-inference directed-acyclic-graph potential-outcomes propensity-score instrumental-variable regression-discontinuity difference-in-differences synthetic-control panel-data longitudinal-data time-series cross-sectional-data spatial-data spatiotemporal-data point-pattern areal-data geostatistics kriging variogram spatial-autocorrelation Moran's-I Geary's-c Getis-Ord-Gi LISA hot-spot cold-spot cluster-detection scan-statistic network-analysis graph-theory small-world scale-free-network centrality betweenness closeness eigenvector PageRank community-detection modularity clustering-coefficient path-length diameter radius percolation robustness resilience vulnerability adaptive-capacity transformability social-ecological-system complex-adaptive-system emergent-property self-organization nonlinearity threshold tipping-point hysteresis alternative-stable-state regime-shift critical-transition early-warning-signal resilience-indicator panarchy adaptive-cycle exploitation release reorganization fast-variable slow-variable controlling-variable driver pressure state impact response DPSIR ecosystem-service provisioning-service regulating-service cultural-service supporting-service natural-capital green-infrastructure nature-based-solution ecosystem-based-adaptation ecosystem-based-mitigation payment-for-ecosystem-service REDD+biodiversity-offset habitat-banking mitigation-hierarchy avoidance minimization restoration compensation no-net-loss net-gain biodiversity-metric condition-metric landscape-metric connectivity-metric genetic-metric functional-metric irreplaceability threat opportunity conservation-planning systematic-conservation-planning Marxan Zonation prioritization efficiency effectiveness equity stakeholder governance institution policy law regulation incentive market-based-instrument command-and-control voluntary-agreement certification eco-label sustainable-use sustainable-management adaptive-management learning-by-doing monitoring evaluation indicator target goal vision scenario projection forecast uncertainty risk precautionary-principle safe-minimum-standard environmental-impact-assessment strategic-environmental-assessment cumulative-impact-assessment social-impact-assessment health-impact-assessment life-cycle-assessment carbon-footprint water-footprint ecological-footprint material-flow-analysis substance-flow-analysis input-output-analysis environmentally-extended-input-output-analysis multi-regional-input-output-analysis computable-general-equilibrium integrated-assessment-model earth-system-model global-circulation-model regional-climate-model downscaling bias-correction ensemble-simulation perturbed-physics emulator surrogate-model reduced-complexity-model simple-climate-model integrated-earth-system-model socioeconomic-scenario shared-socioeconomic-pathway representative-concentration-pathway climate-scenario emission-scenario mitigation-scenario adaptation-scenario impact-scenario vulnerability-scenario risk-scenario resilience-scenario transformation-scenario sustainability-scenario narrative storyline pathway trajectory transition transformation decarbonization electrification renewable-energy energy-efficiency circular-economy green-economy blue-economy bioeconomy nature-economy natural-capital-accounting ecosystem-accounting environmental-accounting green-accounting inclusive-wealth genuine-progress-indicator happy-planet-index human-development-index sustainable-development-goals Agenda-2030 Paris-Agreement Convention-on-Biological-Diversity Aichi-targets post-2020-global-biodiversity-framework Kunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework 30-by-30 half-earth nature-needs-half rewilding-Europe 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Sisyridae
spongillaflies, spongeflies
Sisyridae, commonly known as spongillaflies or spongeflies, are a small family of aquatic Neuroptera with approximately 60 extant species worldwide. Adults are small, brownish or greyish insects resembling brown lacewings (Hemerobiidae), with forewings spanning 4–10 mm. The family is distinguished by their unique larval biology: larvae are aquatic and obligate predators of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae) and bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), using elongated piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract cell contents. Larvae possess seven pairs of jointed, movable tracheal gills on the abdomen—a trait unique among extant insects. The family has a fossil record extending to the Late Cretaceous, with two extant subfamilies (Sisyrinae and Paradoxosisyrinae) and four living genera: Climacia, Sisyborina, Sisyra, and Sisyrina.
aquatic-insects Neuroptera spongivory specialist-predators freshwater-ecology crepuscular fossil-insects Cretaceous-survivors tracheal-gills unique-morphology host-specific-larvae parasitoid-hosts
Syricoris lacunana
Dark strawberry tortrix, Common Marble
Syricoris lacunana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 16–18 mm, found throughout the Palearctic realm. Adults are active at dusk from late April to September, with variable gray-brown forewings marked by thin silvery lines. The species is highly polyphagous, with larvae feeding on a broad range of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees. It is commonly encountered in hedgerows, fields, and woodland edges across Europe and northern Asia.
univoltine polyphagous crepuscular Palearctic Tortricidae
Tetragnatha laboriosa
Silver Long-jawed Orbweaver
Tetragnatha laboriosa is a long-jawed orb-weaving spider in the family Tetragnathidae, commonly known as the silver long-jawed orbweaver. It occurs across North and Central America with records extending from Alaska to southern South America. The species passes through nine instars before reaching adulthood. Activity is predominantly crepuscular, with mating occurring at night.
spider orb-weaver long-jawed crepuscular beneficial North-America Central-America riparian meadow
Tholymis
Tholymis is a genus of medium-sized dragonflies in the family Libellulidae. Species are tropical in distribution and exhibit crepuscular activity patterns, being most active at dawn and dusk. The genus was established by Hagen in 1867.
dragonfly crepuscular tropical Libellulidae
Triacanthagyna trifida
Phantom Darner
Triacanthagyna trifida, commonly known as the Phantom Darner, is a large dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is one of approximately 20 species in the genus Triacanthagyna, a group of neotropical darners characterized by their distinctive three-toothed claspers. The species occurs across a broad geographic range spanning North, Central, and South America as well as the Caribbean. Adults are known for their crepuscular activity patterns, being most active at dusk.
Odonata Anisoptera Aeshnidae darners neotropical crepuscular dragonfly