Thermal-tolerance
Guides
Aconophora compressa
lantana bug, lantana treehopper, lantana stemsucking treehopper, lantana sap-sucking bug
Aconophora compressa is a treehopper (family Membracidae) native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. It was introduced to Australia in 1995 as a biological control agent for the invasive weed Lantana camara. The species is brown, up to 8 mm long, with a thorn-shaped body and produces copious honeydew. It has been documented to attack non-target plants, particularly fiddlewood (Citharexylum spinosum) in Australia, leading to its discontinuation as a biocontrol agent after 2001. It was also rejected for use in South Africa due to unacceptable risks to indigenous Lippia species.
treehopperbiological-controlinvasive-species-managementMembracidaephloem-feedermaternal-caregregarioushoneydew-producernon-target-effectsLantana-camaraMexicoAustraliaSouth-AfricaVerbenaceaeCitharexylum-spinosumLippiaAloysia-citrodorathermal-tolerancestem-suckingsap-feedingegg-guardinginstarsnymphal-developmentweed-biocontrolhost-range-expansionecological-risk-assessmentbiosecurityWalker-1851AconophoriniMembracinaeHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaMembracoideaArhopalus
burnt pine longhorn beetle (A. ferus), black pine sawyer (A. rusticus)
Arhopalus is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae: Asemini) distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with several species introduced to the Southern Hemisphere as invasive pests of conifers. The genus comprises approximately 20 described species, with A. rusticus and A. ferus being the most extensively studied due to their economic importance. Species develop in dead or fire-damaged conifer wood, with some exhibiting strong attraction to burnt pine volatiles. Several species produce male-emitted aggregation-sex pheromones containing fuscumol and geranylacetone. Invasive populations in New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa require monitoring at ports and sawmills for timber export compliance.
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te-statemethodological-state-stateepistemological-state-stateontological-state-stateaxiological-state-statepraxeological-state-statelogical-state-staterational-state-statereasonable-state-statesensible-state-statepragmatic-state-statepractical-state-statetheoretical-state-stateconceptual-state-stateempirical-state-stateexperimental-state-stateobservational-state-stateexperiential-state-statephenomenological-state-statehermeneutical-state-statecritical-state-statereflexive-state-statereflective-state-staterepresentative-state-stateCentridini
oil-collecting bees, oil bees
Centridini is a tribe of large apid bees distinguished by specialized adaptations for collecting floral oils, often from plants of the family Malpighiaceae. Many species possess modified leg structures—either combs of flattened, blunt bristles or velvety pads—for gathering oils, which are used in nest construction and cell provisioning. The tribe includes ground-nesting and cavity-nesting solitary bees with diverse nesting behaviors across the Americas. Members exhibit notable thermal tolerance, with some desert species remaining active at high temperatures when other bees are inactive.
Coecobrya
Coecobrya is a genus of springtails (Collembola: Entomobryidae) characterized by pronounced troglomorphic adaptations in cave-dwelling species. The genus includes both surface and subterranean species, with Thai cave species exhibiting the most extreme troglomorphy known for Collembola in Southeast Asia. Many species display elongated antennae, legs and furca, reduced pigmentation, and eye loss. The genus has been recorded from caves in Thailand, South Africa, and other regions, with molecular studies supporting species discrimination using COI, 16S rDNA and 28S rDNA markers.
Darlingtonea kentuckensis
A troglobitic cave beetle endemic to eastern Kentucky karst systems. Adults measure 7.3–7.7 mm. The species exhibits surprisingly broad thermal tolerance (threshold ~20–24°C, mortality at 30°C within 24 hours), suggesting remnant physiological characteristics from epigean ancestors. However, it shows extreme specialization for constant high-humidity environments, with survival declining dramatically below 100% relative humidity and mortality within 3 days at 50–80% RH. Population densities can exceed 100 individuals per sand bank in suitable cave habitats.
Euryuridae
Euryuridae is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. The family includes at least four genera and approximately 14 described species. Members are endemic to the Nearctic region. One well-studied species, Euryurus leachii, has been used to investigate thermal tolerance in detritivorous arthropods.
Euschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
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nizationreplaced-organizationsubstituted-organizationexchanged-organizationswapped-organizationtraded-organizationbartered-organizationnegotiated-organizationbargained-organizationdealt-organizationhandled-organizationtreated-organizationprocessed-organizationoperated-organizationrun-organizationworked-organizationfunctioned-organizationperformed-organizationexecuted-organizationimplemented-organizationapplied-organizationutilized-organizationused-organizationemployed-organizationexploited-organizationharnessed-organizationleveraged-organizationcapitalized-organizationmonetized-organizationcommercialized-organizationmarketed-organizationsold-organizationdelivered-organizationsupplied-organizationprovided-organizationfurnished-organizationequipped-organizationoutfitted-organizationfitted-organizationprepared-organizationready-organizationset-organizationfixed-organizationtuned-organizationcalibrated-organizationharmonized-organizationconsolidated-organizationmerged-organizationcombined-organizationfused-organizationblended-organizationmixed-organizationamalgamated-organizationsynthesized-organizationcomposed-organizationconstituted-organizationformed-organizationmade-organizationcreated-organizationproduced-organizationgenerated-organizationoriginated-organizationinitiated-organizationstarted-organizationbegan-organizationcommenced-organizationlaunched-organizationintroduced-organizationpresented-organizationoffered-organizationproposed-organizationsuggested-organizationrecommended-organizationadvised-organizationcounseled-organizationconsulted-organizationconferred-organizationdiscussed-organizationdebated-organizationdeliberated-organizationconsidered-organizationcontemplated-organizationreflected-organizationpondered-organizationmeditated-organizationthought-organizationcogitated-organizationruminated-organizationspeculated-organizationhypothesized-organizationtheorized-organizationconjectured-organizationsurmised-organizationguessed-organizationestimated-organizationapproximated-organizationprojected-organizationforecasted-organizationpredicted-organizationanticipated-organizationexpected-organizationawaited-organizationhoped-organizationwished-organizationdesired-organizationwanted-organizationneeded-organizationrequired-organizationdemanded-organizationrequested-organizationasked-organizationlooked-organizationtrailed-organizationshadowed-organizationstalked-organizationsurveyed-organizationinspected-organizationexamined-organizationinvestigated-organizationexplored-organizationstudied-organizationresearched-organizationanalyzed-organizationjudged-organizationrated-organizationranked-organizationscored-organizationgraded-organizationEuxoa auxiliaris
Army Cutworm Moth, Miller Moth
Euxoa auxiliaris, the army cutworm moth, is a seasonal migrant and agricultural pest in the Great Plains of North America. The larval stage damages field crops by cutting stems and feeding on foliage, while adults undertake remarkable long-distance migrations to alpine talus slopes in the Rocky Mountains to escape summer heat. These aggregations serve as a critical, high-calorie food source for grizzly bears during their pre-hibernation hyperphagia. Adults are commonly called 'miller moths' due to the fine, easily-shed wing scales that resemble flour dust.
Hydropsyche bronta
A net-spinning caddisfly species in the family Hydropsychidae. In summer-warm rivers of southern Ontario, populations exhibit trivoltine life cycles, completing three generations per year. Smaller than the sympatric H. morosa and overwinters in slightly older larval instars.
Pteronarcys
Giant Stoneflies, Salmonflies
Pteronarcys is a genus of giant stoneflies in the family Pteronarcyidae, commonly known as salmonflies. The genus comprises approximately 8 described species distributed across North America and Far Eastern Russia. These are among the largest stoneflies, with nymphs reaching substantial sizes in lotic freshwater habitats. Life cycles are notably long, ranging from 1 to 5 years depending on species and thermal conditions, with multiple larval diapause stages and temperature-dependent egg development documented in several species.
Rothschildia lebeau
Lebeau's Silk Moth, Forbes Moth
Rothschildia lebeau is a giant silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, distributed from the Lower Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico to Brazil. Adults are short-lived and do not feed, relying on fat reserves accumulated during larval development. The species exhibits a life history tradeoff between larval survival and adult body size based on host plant quality, with larger males showing higher mating success.
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n-accessopen-sourceFAIR-datafindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-management-planmetadataprovenancequality-assurancequality-controlvalidationverificationuncertainty-quantificationerror-propagationsensitivity-analysisscenario-analysisMonte-Carlo-simulationBayesian-belief-networkinfluence-diagramdecision-treemulti-criteria-decision-analysiscost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-attribute-utility-theorygame-theorymechanism-designincentive-compatibilityrevelation-principlesocial-choice-theoryvoting-theoryfair-divisioninstitutional-designpolicy-designgovernance-designarchitecturepolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governancehierarchical-governancemarket-governancecommunity-governancehybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingregulatory-stateenabling-statepartner-stateentrepreneurial-stateinnovation-statestrategic-statedevelopmental-statewelfare-stategreen-statesustainable-stateresilient-statesmart-statedigital-stateplatform-statealgorithmic-statesurveillance-stateauthoritarian-statedemocratic-statedeliberative-democracyparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyrepresentative-democracyliberal-democracysocial-democracygreen-democracyecological-democracybiocracyecofascismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecofeminismenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceintergenerational-justiceintragenerational-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justicerecognition-justiceprocedural-justicedistributive-justicerestorative-justicetransformative-justicereparative-justicetransitional-justiceecological-justicespecies-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-human-justiceanthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenebad-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-divergencegreat-convergencegreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-disruptiongreat-moderationgreat-recessiongreat-depressiongreat-wargreat-faminegreat-migrationgreat-replacementgreat-resetgreat-refusalgreat-enrichmentgreat-levelinggreat-compressionTetramorium immigrans
Immigrant Pavement Ant, Pavement Ant, Sugar Ant
Tetramorium immigrans is a highly successful invasive ant native to Europe that has become one of the most abundant ant species in urban North America. The species thrives in disturbed, paved environments and exhibits remarkable thermal tolerance, with workers surviving temperatures up to 46°C. Colonies are typically large, with thousands to over 10,000 workers, and are highly territorial, engaging in conspicuous inter-colony battles. The species was previously misidentified as Tetramorium caespitum until a 2017 taxonomic revision clarified its status as a distinct species within the T. caespitum complex.
Tigrosa helluo
Wetland Giant Wolf Spider
Tigrosa helluo is a medium-sized wolf spider (Lycosidae) native to North America, formerly classified as Hogna helluo. Adults average approximately 17 mm in body length, with females larger than males. The species is distinguished by a brown carapace with a prominent yellow stripe extending from the anterior eyes down the cephalothorax, and black spots on the underside of the abdomen. It inhabits diverse environments including woods, marshes, fields, and riparian areas, with a preference for wetter habitats. The spider is nocturnal, solitary, and an active hunter that does not build webs for prey capture.