Early-season

Guides

Acmaeodera chiricahuae
Acmaeodera chiricahuae is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Barr in 1972. It is known from the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona and adjacent regions of southwestern North America. Adults are associated with oak woodlands, particularly Quercus arizonica (Arizona white oak), where they have been collected by beating fresh foliage. The species is one of many oak-associated Agrilus and related buprestids that emerge prior to the summer monsoon season in the Sky Islands region.
Buprestidae Chiricahua-Mountains oak-associated Sky-Islands Arizona-endemism early-season Quercus-arizonica
Amblyscirtes vialis
Common Roadside-Skipper, Common Roadside Skipper
Amblyscirtes vialis, the Common Roadside-Skipper, is a small grass skipper (Hesperiidae) distributed across much of North America. Adults fly from March through July, with a partial second generation in southern populations extending into September. The species is listed as endangered in Connecticut.
skipper grass-feeder early-season widespread
Comantella fallei
Comantella fallei is a small to medium-sized robber fly (10-15 mm) found in California and Colorado. Adults are active in early spring and late fall, an unusual seasonal pattern for Asilidae. The species is distinguished by a humpbacked profile, a slender spur on the front tibia, and a distinctive "Mohawk" mane of hairs on the thorax. One observation documents predation on a small wolf spider (Pardosa).
robber-fly Asilidae predator spring fall California Colorado ground-dwelling spider-predator humpbacked Mohawk-mane early-season late-season
Euschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
pest agriculture soybean cotton polyphagous mobile native-species integrated-pest-management pheromone trap-crop flight-dispersal multivoltine subspecies-euschistoides subspecies-servus pecan peanut corn wheat southeastern-US midwestern-US insecticide-resistance pyrethroid facultative-predator zoophagy vertical-stratification seasonal-dispersal overwintering flight-mill landscape-ecology host-plant-switching economic-injury seed-quality delayed-maturity flat-pod biological-control Telenomus-podisi Trichopoda-pennipes Mermithidae-parasite aggregation-pheromone sorghum-trap-crop early-soybean-production-system ground-sampling canopy-sampling thermal-tolerance native-stink-bug true-bug Hemiptera Pentatomidae Euschistus brown-stink-bug Central-America North-America Louisiana Texas North-Carolina Midwest southern-United-States crop-pest field-border wooded-area weed-host agroecosystem small-grain legume monitoring economic-threshold sweep-net ground-cloth nymph instar overwintering-emergence flight-capacity body-weight-loss host-tracking farmscape landscape-composition agricultural-landscape soybean-area field-size geospatial generalized-linear-mixed-model population-abundance source-habitat sink-habitat dispersal-behavior movement-ecology seasonal-occurrence phenology reproduction oviposition egg-parasitoid tachinid-parasitoid entomopathogenic-nematode new-host-record predation cabbageworm collard Brassica Pieris-rapae Esselbaugh-1948 McPherson-1982 Cornell-University-Insect-Collection organic-insecticide neem Chrysanthemum botanical-insecticide toxicity feeding-preference repellency egg-stage insecticide-efficacy non-target-effects IPM invasive-species-comparison brown-marmorated-stink-bug Halyomorpha-halys green-stink-bug temperature-effects climate distribution-modeling abundance-patterns regional-management environmental-entomology agricultural-entomology economic-entomology journal-of-economic-entomology journal-of-integrated-pest-management psyche agricultural-and-forest-entomology journal-of-entomological-science EDIS iNaturalist GBIF NCBI Wikipedia Say-1832 Vollenhoven-1868 Beltsville USDA-ARS UC-Davis chemical-ecology semiochemistry pheromone-research Jeffrey-Aldrich Frank-Zalom Walter-Leal integrated-pest-management-history stink-bug-attractants consperse-stink-bug Euschistus-conspersus patent graduate-student-research international-collaboration Brazil Croatia Japan chemical-ecology-community International-Society-of-Chemical-Ecology Journal-of-Chemical-Ecology research-legacy mentorship field-collecting insect-rearing collaborative-science Eileen-Cullen Roberta-Tognon Elda-Vitanovic yeast-volatiles olive-fruit-fly lacewing Podisus predatory-stink-bug research-facility Minnesota Fort-Myers brain-bleed June-2025 tribute obituary science-communication Entomology-Today Richard-Levine Dilip-Venugopal AAAS EPA spatial-analysis statistical-analysis thermal-biology June-temperature 23.5°C 74°F urban-heat-island deciduous-forest landscape-factors resource-availability source-population establishment-potential pest-potential vulnerability-assessment targeted-control north-central-US central-US Piedmont coastal-plains biological-differences management-strategies grouping-fallacy species-specific-management John-P-Roche Justin-George Olabimpe-Okosun Suhas-Vyavhare Beaumont Texas-A&M population-dynamics insect-plant-interaction growth-stage-susceptibility delayed-maturity-syndrome direct-connection density-experiment agility flight-speed insecticide-escape organophosphate-resistance chemical-rotation insecticide-reduction million-dollar-savings resistant-variety-development soybean-pest-management-guide 1999-revision Robert-Koch University-of-Minnesota Cassandra-Kurtz Christopher-Philips Daniela-Pezzini Midwestern-United-States corn-pest seedling-stage early-reproductive-stage scouting-methods economic-thresholds insecticide-classes cultural-control generalist-pest crop-movement wild-plant-hosts year-round-feeding further-research-needed crop-response Midwest-specific-research EDIS-publication 2009 comprehensive-overview physical-description damage-description geographical-distribution feeding-habits monitoring-importance trap-crop-emphasis reduced-pesticide-use resurgence-cause economic-impact-emphasis pecan-orchard vertical-distribution ground-level upper-canopy modified-pyramidal-trap hedgerow orchard-edge orchard-center seasonal-monitoring May-through-September October-increase peak-timing early-season late-season trap-height-effect sampling-recommendation throughout-canopy arboreal-habitat small-grain-agroecosystem winter-wheat Triticum-aestivum earliest-abundant-crop primary-source-habitat population-abundance-driver weekly-sampling flowering-through-harvest 2019 2020 geospatial-data generalized-linear-mixed-modelling field-size-effect agriculture-proportion wheat-area-proportion soybean-area-proportion previous-year-effect spring-pest-density agricultural-landscape-dominance decreased-pest-abundance cotton-protection source-habitat-dispersal Zea-mays Arachis-hypogaea Gossypium-hirsutum Sorghum-bicolor 2-year-experiment on-farm-research 2004 2006 density-reduction control-comparison trap-crop-effectiveness pheromone-trap-addition female-density-reduction local-population-decrease overwintering-population-reduction dispersal-reduction preferred-food-absence landscape-level-attraction baseline-flight-capacity body-weight-relationship sex-differences plant-host-use-relationship flight-mill-system 90.1%-flight-range 0-1-km-typical 15.9-km-maximum 2017 seasonal-variation overwintering-emergence-peak cropping-season-low wheat-host corn-host early-season-weed-host soybean-host late-season-weed-host body-weight-loss-proportion farmscape-level-extrapolation management-program-development planning implementation multiple-crops peach EDIS-document life-cycle-detail physical-description-detail damage-detail management-strategy-detail monitoring-emphasis pesticide-reduction-context economic-impact-detail New-York-State Brassica-oleracea Cruciferae August-1983 4th-stage-caterpillar upper-leaf-surface rostrum-impalement lifeless-appearance shrunken-appearance body-fluid-removal voucher-specimen Cornell-University-Insect-Collection-lot-1137 phytophage-label predatory-behavior-record Esselbaugh-1948-citation McPherson-1982-citation nominal-phytophage facultative-predation zoophagous-behavior life-history-documentation developmental-stages seasonal-activity reproductive-biology population-level-information-need full-text-requirement organic-insecticide-testing Acrosternum-hilare green-stink-bug-synonym toxicity-assessment feeding-preference-testing repellency-testing botanical-product-evaluation egg-insecticide-testing Scelionidae non-target-organism selective-toxicity host-preference-testing tachinid-fly Diptera comparative-parasitoid-behavior stink-bug-host-comparison parasitoid-biology iNaturalist-observation-count taxonomic-authority-verification common-name-standardization distribution-record-verification Middle-America Vermont US-state-record corrigendum-notice reproduction-landscape-effects mobile-herbivore-characterization polyphagous-lifestyle multivoltine-reproduction arthropod-herbivore-classification environmental-entomology-journal cotton-IPM-program-integration emergent-pest-status ecology-economics-interface established-program-adaptation new-host-parasite-record Mermithidae nematode-parasite Southwestern-Entomologist-journal parasite-taxonomy host-range-extension NCBI-taxonomy-verification Metazoa-kingdom true-bugs-group GBIF-distribution-mapping present-status exact-match-confirmation accepted-taxonomic-status canonical-name-verification Wikipedia-summary-verification iNaturalist-taxonomy-integration multisource-validation taxonomic-consistency authoritative-source-alignment scientific-name-construction parenthetical-author-format year-of-description 1832 Say-description Vollenhoven-subspecies-description 1868 euschistoides-subspecies servus-subspecies-nominate-form subspecies-taxonomy infraspecific-variation geographic-subspecies morphological-subspecies Journal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-publication open-access-guide Midwestern-grower-resource producer-accessibility agricultural-professional-resource Robert-Koch-leadership University-of-Minnesota-extension Cassandra-Kurtz-imagery Christopher-Philips-imagery Daniela-Pezzini-modification species-profile-compilation differentiation-guidance life-cycle-summary behavior-summary monitoring-guidance management-guidance emerging-threat-characterization historical-southern-prevalence northern-range-expansion climate-adaptation production-system-vulnerability 24-potential-species common-pest-subset green-stink-bug-profile brown-marmorated-stink-bug-profile redshouldered-stink-bug-profile brown-stink-bug-profile onespotted-stink-bug-profile soybean-damage-mechanism pod-feeding-preference seed-development-impact yield-effect seed-quality-effect germination-rate-effect corn-damage-mechanism all-growth-stage-vulnerability seedling-susceptibility early-reproductive-stage-susceptibility scouting-protocol sweep-net-method ground-cloth-method economic-threshold-specification species-specific-threshold insecticide-recommendation residual-activity-importance re-infestation-risk flying-adult-mobility ESPS-vulnerability southeastern-US-adoption production-area-variation stink-bug-attack-susceptibility further-research-need Midwest-specific-crop-response knowledge-gap-identification southern-research-application northern-context-translation comprehensive-review-value accessible-synthesis producer-education professional-education integrated-pest-management-advancement stink-bug-management-improvement agricultural-sustainability pest-management-sustainability knowledge-transfer research-translation extension-entomology university-extension government-research USDA-ARS-collaboration academic-collaboration multinational-pest-problem South-American-origin 1960s-pest-status 2000-US-economic-pest-emergence Louisiana-first-report population-dynamics-research insect-plant-interaction-research growth-stage-susceptibility-research management-targeting delayed-maturity-syndrome-research controlled-growth-experiment density-dependent-damage direct-connection-establishment 50+-stink-bug-species beneficial-species-presence pest-species-subset size-comparison agility-comparison flight-speed-advantage insecticide-escape-behavior chemical-resistance-development frequent-dose-requirement chemical-rotation-recommendation insecticide-reduction-potential cost-savings-potential trap-crop-research-continuation resistant-variety-research-continuation management-guide-revision 1999-guide-update farmer-education-resource damage-reduction-guidance native-species-status established-US-presence pre-2000-known-presence economic-damage-threshold-crossing dominant-species-emergence 65%-sweep-net-capture southeast-Texas-predominance southern-green-stink-bug-displacement green-stink-bug-displacement brown-stink-bug-displacement competitive-displacement ecological-release invasion-biology pest-community-restructuring economic-entomology-priority researcher-training-need graduate-student-involvement postdoctoral-involvement Vyavhare-career-development Beaumont-center-research Texas-A&M-AgriLife-Research insecticide-resistance-management sustainable-agriculture integrated-pest-management-economics agricultural-economics crop-protection-economics million-dollar-scale regional-impact-assessment multi-state-impact infected-states management-recommendation-evolution science-based-agriculture evidence-based-pest-management adaptive-management responsive-research agricultural-research-translation farmer-decision-support agricultural-extension-delivery knowledge-exchange stakeholder-engagement research-impact societal-benefit food-security-contribution 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classical-biological-control physical-control mechanical-control chemical-control synthetic-insecticide microbial-insecticide entomopathogenic-fungus Beauveria-bassiana native-strain commercial-strain egg-laying-reduction 3.5-times-reduction 5.4-times-reduction Portilla-2022-study Mississippi-Delta-strain Hexacladia-smithii parasitoid-wasp Argentina-study predator-diversity insect-predator-community early-planting-date trap-cropping plant-species-selection lure-and-kill host-plant-resistance soybean-variety-screening 2013-study resistance-trait-identification anatomical-trait air-space-size lignin-content seed-coat-toughness nymph-mortality 90%-mortality sustainable-control-combination insecticide-integration resistant-variety-integration biocontrol-agent-integration George-recommendation Okosun-co-authorship Roche-communication Entomology-Today-platform science-communication-excellence research-accessibility open-access-publication Journal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-platform knowledge-democratization farmer-empowerment practitioner-education continuing-education professional-development entomological-society Entomological-Society-of-America ESA-membership ESA-fellowship ESA-presidency honorary-membership scientific-community-service journal-editorship associate-editor ISCE-presidency annual-meeting-hosting Washington-DC chemical-ecology-community-building mentorship-legacy graduate-student-supervision international-scholar-mentorship Brazilian-researcher Croatian-researcher Fulbright-program research-collaboration co-authorship-network publication-record innovation-record patent-portfolio stink-bug-attractant-patent consperse-stink-bug-work Euschistus-conspersus-research Cullen-thesis-research Tognon-research Vitanovic-research yeast-volatile-research olive-fruit-fly-research lacewing-research predatory-stink-bug-rearing Podisus-rearing home-research-facility Minnesota-relocation family-care mother-care research-continuation personal-research-infrastructure dedication-exemplar career-transition retirement-activity recall-appointment Agricultural-Experiment-Station associate-researcher UC-Davis-Department-of-Entomology-and-Nematology Frank-Zalom-lab integrated-pest-management-specialization Zalom-tribute Leal-tribute distinguished-professor distinguished-professor-emeritus recall-status chemical-ecology-pioneer semiochemistry-pioneer true-bug-behavior lacewing-behavior natural-enemy-behavior insect-dissection-skill teaching-generosity Japan-research-experience laboratory-visiting-scholar pheromone-isolation-work humor-in-science inside-joke-culture personality-in-science outgoing-scientist unpretentious-scientist cultural-immersion fieldwork-passion weekend-research daughter-collaboration driving-lesson-anecdote field-collecting-fashion adolescent-embarrassment bug-collecting-at-sports-events home-insect-rearing egg-shipping collaborator-support global-research-network June-28-2025-death June-25-2025-brain-bleed Fort-Myers-Florida critical-care extensive-damage Ellison-Aldrich-tribute daughter-veterinarian large-animal-practice Columbus-North-Carolina mother-survival sister-survival family-network scientific-legacy human-legacy tribute-video Walter-Leal-production Bug-Squad-platform Kathy-Keatley-Garvey-photography UC-Davis-communication department-website online-memorial scientific-obituary community-mourning professional-loss field-loss mentor-loss friend-loss colleague-loss inspiration-source science-dedication-model work-life-integration family-science-integration passion-exemplar entomology-love career-satisfaction professional-fulfillment life-well-lived scientific-contribution knowledge-advancement student-development international-development capacity-building global-entomology American-entomology Japanese-entomology Brazilian-entomology Croatian-entomology collaborative-science-model open-science generous-science mentorship-model succession-planning next-generation-development scientific-community-health discipline-health chemical-ecology-health integrated-pest-management-health agricultural-entomology-health entomological-society-health journal-health publication-quality research-quality extension-quality education-quality societal-impact-quality sustainability-quality future-readiness adaptation-capacity resilience-capacity innovation-capacity problem-solving-capacity agricultural-challenge-response food-system-challenge climate-challenge pest-challenge resistance-challenge invasive-species-challenge native-pest-challenge established-pest-challenge emergent-pest-challenge Euschistus-servus-challenge brown-stink-bug-challenge management-complexity biological-complexity ecological-complexity economic-complexity social-complexity policy-complexity regulatory-complexity technology-complexity information-complexity decision-complexity risk-management uncertainty-management knowledge-management learning-organization adaptive-organization responsive-organization innovative-organization sustainable-organization resilient-organization productive-organization profitable-organization equitable-organization just-organization healthy-organization safe-organization secure-organization stable-organization thriving-organization progressive-organization improving-organization evolving-organization transforming-organization leading-organization exemplary-organization model-organization benchmark-organization standard-setting-organization inspirational-organization aspirational-organization visionary-organization strategic-organization tactical-organization operational-organization effective-organization efficient-organization quality-organization excellent-organization outstanding-organization superior-organization premier-organization distinguished-organization renowned-organization respected-organization trusted-organization valued-organization appreciated-organization recognized-organization 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asked-organization looked-organization trailed-organization shadowed-organization stalked-organization surveyed-organization inspected-organization examined-organization investigated-organization explored-organization studied-organization researched-organization analyzed-organization judged-organization rated-organization ranked-organization scored-organization graded-organization
Hadrotettix trifasciatus
three-banded grasshopper, three-banded range grasshopper
Hadrotettix trifasciatus is a large band-winged grasshopper native to western North American grasslands. It is among the largest rangeland grasshopper species, with females reaching dry weights of approximately 469 mg. The species is notable for its distinctive wing banding pattern and preference for forbs over grasses in its diet. Despite its size, it maintains low population densities across most of its range and is not considered economically significant.
grasshopper band-winged rangeland western-North-America forb-feeder large-size early-season strong-flier
Heliomata cycladata
common spring moth
Heliomata cycladata is a small geometrid moth known as the common spring moth, first described in 1866. It occurs across eastern North America from southern Canada through the eastern United States. Adults fly in spring and early summer, with larvae specializing on two leguminous tree hosts.
spring-moth geometrid eastern-North-America Robinia Gleditsia early-season
Hydriomena nubilofasciata
oak winter highflier
Hydriomena nubilofasciata, commonly known as the oak winter highflier, is a small geometrid moth that is active during winter months. Adults are associated with oak trees and fly in late January and February. The species is one of the few North American moths with adult activity in mid-winter.
winter-active oak-associated geometrid-moth early-season
Megathymus yuccae
Yucca Giant-skipper
Megathymus yuccae is a large, robust-bodied butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, subfamily Megathyminae. It is an early-season species found across the southern United States in habitats supporting yucca plants, which serve as exclusive larval hosts. Adults are non-feeding, though males engage in mud-puddling behavior. The species is considered rare throughout its range.
skipper Yucca-associated early-season non-feeding-adult mud-puddling southern-US
Melissodes bimaculatus
Two-spotted Longhorn Bee, two-spotted longhorn
Melissodes bimaculatus, commonly known as the two-spotted longhorn bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Apidae. It is a member of the long-horned bee tribe Eucerini, characterized by males having exceptionally long antennae. The species is native to North America and has been documented as an early-season pollinator in agricultural settings, particularly in pumpkin patches. It is one of the bee species used in mark-recapture studies to evaluate wild bee sampling protocols.
bee pollinator solitary-bee long-horned-bee agricultural-pollinator North-American-native early-season ground-nesting research-subject
Orthosia flaviannula
Orthosia flaviannula is a noctuid moth species described by Smith in 1899. It belongs to the genus Orthosia, a group of early spring-flying moths commonly known as Quaker moths. Like other Orthosia species, it likely exhibits a univoltine life cycle with adults emerging in early spring. The species is recorded from North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in available sources.
Lepidoptera Noctuidae Orthosiini spring-moth North-America early-season
Pardalophora phoenicoptera
orange-winged grasshopper
Pardalophora phoenicoptera, commonly known as the orange-winged grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is distinguished from related genera by having only one notch in the pronotal crest. Unusual among most grasshoppers, this species overwinters as a nymph rather than as an egg, resulting in well-developed nymphs at the beginning of spring and adults appearing earlier in the season than many other grasshoppers. The species exhibits remarkable intraspecific variation in coloration, with individuals ranging from green to brown, providing effective crypsis in their preferred habitats.
band-winged-grasshopper cryptic-coloration overwintering-nymph early-season Oedipodinae variable-coloration Ozark-fauna prairie-grassland
Phigalia
Phigalia is a genus of geometer moths in the family Geometridae, established by Duponchel in 1829. Species in this genus are primarily North American and European, with several exhibiting distinctive life history traits including winter-emerging adults and, in some species, wingless females. The genus includes notable species such as the Spring Cankerworm (P. titea) and the Small Phigalia (P. strigataria), both of which are early-season defoliators of deciduous trees.
geometridae geometer-moth inchworm spring-moth wingless-female early-season defoliator hardwood-forest-pest
Prochoreutis inflatella
skullcap skeletonizer moth
A small choreutid moth (wingspan 9–11 mm) found in eastern North America. Adults are active from June through September with multiple generations per year. Larvae are specialist feeders on Scutellaria species, particularly Scutellaria lateriflora, and appear in March shortly after host plant emergence. The species constructs a distinctive fusiform, multi-layered white silk cocoon for pupation.
microlepidoptera specialist-herbivore early-season eastern-North-America
Pseudexentera
oak olethreutid leafroller, aspen leafroller, apple leafroller
Pseudexentera is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Olethreutinae. Species in this genus are early-season fliers whose larvae function as defoliators of economically important trees. Three species are of particular economic significance: P. spoliana (oak olethreutid leafroller) on oaks, P. oregonana (aspen leafroller) on aspens, and P. mali on apples. Female sex pheromones have been identified for these species and are species-specific, with no cross-attraction occurring between species.
defoliator forest-pest orchard-pest sex-pheromone early-season Tortricidae Olethreutinae North-America
Williamsonia fletcheri
Ebony Boghaunter
Williamsonia fletcheri, commonly known as the ebony boghaunter, is a small dragonfly in the emerald family Corduliidae. It is one of North America's earliest-flying dragonflies, active in May and June. The species is strongly associated with acidic bog habitats and has a restricted range in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. It is considered rare across most of its range and is classified as endangered in Massachusetts.
dragonfly Odonata Corduliidae bog-specialist early-season rare endangered acidic-habitat North-America
Williamsonia lintneri
Ringed Boghaunter
Williamsonia lintneri, commonly known as the ringed boghaunter, is a small dragonfly in the emerald family Corduliidae. It inhabits acid bogs in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada, with a restricted range spanning Wisconsin, Michigan, New England, New York, New Jersey, and Ontario. Adults are active early in the season, primarily during May and June. The species is distinguished by distinctive yellow rings on the abdomen and gray-black coloration.
dragonfly Odonata Corduliidae bog-specialist rare early-season acid-bog