Pecan

Guides

Acrobasis demotella
Walnut Shoot Moth
Acrobasis demotella, the walnut shoot moth, is a small pyralid moth described by Grote in 1881. Its larvae feed on Juglans (walnut) and Carya (hickory/pecan) species, making it a pest of nut-producing trees. The species occurs across eastern and central North America. It is one of several Acrobasis species associated with hardwood trees in the walnut family.
moth Pyralidae Phycitinae pest walnut hickory pecan Juglandaceae North-America
Acrobasis indigenella
Leaf Crumpler
Acrobasis indigenella, the leaf crumpler, is a small snout moth (Pyralidae: Phycitinae) described by Zeller in 1848. It is known from eastern North America, with records extending into central Canada and the north-central United States. The species has a bivoltine life cycle in Illinois and the southeastern United States, with larvae that feed on leaves of Juglandaceae, particularly black walnut, hickories, and pecan. First-generation larvae are notable for skeletonizing leaves and webbing them together into shelters for feeding.
leaf-crumpler snout-moth Pyralidae Phycitinae Juglandaceae black-walnut hickory pecan leaf-skeletonizer bivoltine North-America
Acrobasis juglandis
Pecan Leaf Casebearer, Pecan Leaf Casebearer Moth
Acrobasis juglandis is a small pyralid moth commonly known as the pecan leaf casebearer. The species is a significant pest of pecan and walnut trees, with larvae feeding on foliage and nutlets of host plants in the genus Carya and Juglans. Its common name derives from the larval habit of constructing protective cases from leaf material. The species is native to North America and has been documented from Ontario south to Florida and west to New Mexico.
pest agricultural walnut pecan casebearer leaf-miner North-America
Cameraria caryaefoliella
Pecan Leafminer Moth
Cameraria caryaefoliella is a microlepidopteran leafminer moth in the family Gracillariidae. The species is known from eastern North America, with records from Ontario and Quebec in Canada and multiple states across the eastern and central United States. Larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines. Adults are active across multiple generations annually.
microlepidoptera leafminer pest pecan hickory North-America
Caryomyia eumaris
Caryomyia eumaris is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. It belongs to a genus specialized in inducing galls on hickory and pecan trees (Carya species). Like other members of Caryomyia, this species is associated with nut-bearing Carya hosts. The species is documented in the southeastern United States based on iNaturalist observations.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Carya hickory pecan gall-former Caryomyia 2008-description
Caryomyia marginata
Caryomyia marginata is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. The genus Caryomyia comprises gall midges that induce galls on hickory and pecan trees (Carya spp.). As a member of this genus, C. marginata is presumed to be associated with Carya host plants, though specific details of its biology remain limited in published literature.
Cecidomyiidae gall-midge Carya hickory pecan gall-former
Caryomyia spinulosa
Caryomyia spinulosa is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. The genus Caryomyia comprises insects that induce galls on hickory and pecan trees (Carya species). As with other members of this genus, C. spinulosa likely forms characteristic galls on its host plants, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented in published literature.
gall-midge cecidomyiid Carya hickory pecan
Caryomyia urnula
Caryomyia urnula is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. The genus Caryomyia comprises species that induce galls on hickory and pecan trees (Carya spp.). As a relatively recently described species, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Carya hickory pecan urn-shaped-gall
Coleophora laticornella
pecan cigar casebearer
Coleophora laticornella, commonly known as the pecan cigar casebearer, is a case-bearing moth in the family Coleophoridae. It is native to North America and has been documented in 263 iNaturalist observations. The species is notable for its economic significance as a pest of pecan and other nut trees.
pest orchard-pest case-bearer-moth economic-entomology Coleophoridae North-America Carya pecan walnut Prunus spatulate-case
Conotrachelus elegans
pecan gall curculio
Conotrachelus elegans, commonly known as the pecan gall curculio, is a true weevil (family Curculionidae) found in North America. The species is specifically associated with galls formed by the hickory leaf stem gall phylloxera (Phylloxera caryaecaulis) on hickory and pecan trees. Unlike many weevils that directly damage plant tissues, this species has been observed feeding on existing insect-induced galls rather than causing gall formation itself.
weevil Curculionidae gall-associated phylloxera Carya pecan hickory North-America
Conotrachelus hicoriae
Pecan Curculio
Conotrachelus hicoriae, commonly known as the Pecan Curculio, is a species of true weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is native to North America. Like other members of the genus Conotrachelus, it is associated with nut-bearing trees, particularly pecans (Carya illinoinensis), as indicated by its specific epithet. The species was described by Schoof in 1943. Information regarding its biology and economic impact is limited compared to the well-studied congener Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio).
weevil Curculionidae North-America pecan hickory Carya
Conotrachelus schoofi
Pecan Shoot Curculio
Conotrachelus schoofi is a weevil species in the family Curculionidae that feeds on pecans. Adults cause premature nut drop by feeding on pecan nutlets. Larvae develop within the nuts, completing their growth inside the shuck. The species has one generation per year, with adults emerging in spring and overwintering in diapause.
pest agriculture Coleoptera Curculionidae pecan univoltine diapause North-America
Curculio caryae
pecan weevil
Curculio caryae, the pecan weevil, is a specialized nut-feeding weevil native to North America and a major economic pest of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and hickory (Carya species) production. Adults emerge from soil in August and September, feed on developing nuts, and females use their elongated proboscis to drill through shells and deposit eggs into kernels. Larvae develop inside nuts for approximately 42 days before emerging through clean, round exit holes and burrowing into soil to pupate. The life cycle typically spans two years, though approximately 10% of individuals require three years. The species has been observed to occasionally infest Persian walnut (Juglans regia).
agricultural-pest nut-pest Curculionidae Coleoptera North-America-native biennial-life-cycle economic-pest pecan hickory
Euschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
pest agriculture soybean cotton polyphagous mobile native-species integrated-pest-management pheromone trap-crop flight-dispersal multivoltine subspecies-euschistoides subspecies-servus pecan peanut corn wheat southeastern-US midwestern-US insecticide-resistance pyrethroid facultative-predator zoophagy vertical-stratification seasonal-dispersal overwintering flight-mill landscape-ecology host-plant-switching economic-injury seed-quality delayed-maturity flat-pod biological-control Telenomus-podisi Trichopoda-pennipes Mermithidae-parasite aggregation-pheromone sorghum-trap-crop early-soybean-production-system ground-sampling canopy-sampling thermal-tolerance native-stink-bug true-bug Hemiptera Pentatomidae Euschistus brown-stink-bug Central-America North-America Louisiana Texas North-Carolina Midwest southern-United-States crop-pest field-border wooded-area weed-host agroecosystem small-grain legume monitoring economic-threshold sweep-net ground-cloth nymph instar 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agricultural-landscape-dominance decreased-pest-abundance cotton-protection source-habitat-dispersal Zea-mays Arachis-hypogaea Gossypium-hirsutum Sorghum-bicolor 2-year-experiment on-farm-research 2004 2006 density-reduction control-comparison trap-crop-effectiveness pheromone-trap-addition female-density-reduction local-population-decrease overwintering-population-reduction dispersal-reduction preferred-food-absence landscape-level-attraction baseline-flight-capacity body-weight-relationship sex-differences plant-host-use-relationship flight-mill-system 90.1%-flight-range 0-1-km-typical 15.9-km-maximum 2017 seasonal-variation overwintering-emergence-peak cropping-season-low wheat-host corn-host early-season-weed-host soybean-host late-season-weed-host body-weight-loss-proportion farmscape-level-extrapolation management-program-development planning implementation multiple-crops peach EDIS-document life-cycle-detail physical-description-detail damage-detail management-strategy-detail 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Euschistus tristigmus
Dusky Stink Bug
Euschistus tristigmus, commonly known as the dusky stink bug, is a pentatomid species native to North and Central America. It belongs to the economically important genus Euschistus, which includes several brown stink bug species that are agricultural pests. The species exhibits adult seasonal dimorphism, with morphological differences between spring and summer generations. Research has documented its vertical distribution patterns in pecan orchards, where it shows a preference for canopy habitats compared to the ground-dwelling tendencies of its congener Euschistus servus.
stink-bug brown-stink-bug agricultural-pest seasonal-dimorphism canopy-dwelling North-America Central-America pecan soybean-pest-complex ictericus-group
Goes pulcher
Living-hickory Borer
Goes pulcher is a wood-boring beetle in the family Cerambycidae, commonly known as the Living-hickory Borer. First described by Haldeman in 1847, it develops in living hickory (Carya) and pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees. Larvae tunnel beneath the bark, damaging cambium and sapwood. The species has a 2-3 year life cycle and is distributed across Canada and the United States.
Cerambycidae Lamiinae Monochamini wood-borer pest Carya hickory pecan North-America cambium-feeder living-host-specialist
Melanocallis caryaefoliae
Black Pecan Aphid
Melanocallis caryaefoliae, commonly known as the black pecan aphid, is a specialized pest of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis). Among aphid species attacking pecans, it produces the most severe foliar symptoms and achieves the highest mean density on susceptible cultivars. While feeding, it injects a toxin that causes bright yellow lesions between leaf veins, which subsequently turn brown and die. Premature defoliation from heavy infestations reduces nut fill and can diminish the following year's production. Unlike yellow pecan aphids, M. caryaefoliae is considered more destructive even at low densities, with economic thresholds as low as three aphids per compound leaf.
pest aphid pecan agriculture Hemiptera Aphididae foliar-feeder economic-pest integrated-pest-management parthenogenesis
Monelliopsis pecanis
Yellow Pecan Aphid
Monelliopsis pecanis, commonly known as the yellow pecan aphid, is a sap-feeding insect in the family Aphididae that specializes on pecan (Carya illinoinensis). It is one of two primary 'yellow' or 'honeydew' aphid species affecting pecan production, distinguished from the blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella) by its roof-like wing posture and lack of a black marginal stripe on the wings. Outbreaks typically occur later in the growing season than those of M. caryella and can cause significant defoliation, reduced nut yield, and quality degradation. The species reproduces parthenogenetically during spring and summer, with sexual forms appearing in autumn to produce overwintering eggs.
pest agricultural aphid pecan North-America introduced-species parthenogenesis honeydew-producer
Phyllonorycter olivaeformis
A micro-moth in the family Gracillariidae with a wingspan of approximately 6.5 mm. The species is known from the northeastern and midwestern United States. Larvae are leaf miners that feed on pecan (Carya illinoinensis).
leaf-miner micro-moth pecan Carya Gracillariidae Phyllonorycter North-America United-States Canada Ontario Maine New-York Ohio nocturnal blacklight Lepidoptera
Phylloxera caryaegummosa
pecan phylloxera
Phylloxera caryaegummosa is a tiny, soft-bodied insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. It is a significant pest of pecan (Carya illinoinensis), causing galls to form on shoots and nuts. This species is considered more damaging than pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis), which affects only leaves. Heavy infestations can reduce yield, impair tree vitality, and curtail subsequent production. The insect has a complex life cycle involving multiple generations and forms, with winter survival as eggs protected within the bodies of dead females.
pest gall-former pecan agricultural phylloxeridae hemiptera
Phylloxera caryaeren
pecan phylloxera, pecan stem phylloxera
Phylloxera caryaeren is a small, soft-bodied, gall-forming insect closely related to aphids that attacks pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis). It is considered the most damaging phylloxera species on pecans because it attacks shoots and developing nuts, unlike the pecan leaf phylloxera which only affects foliage. Heavy infestations can reduce current-year yield, impair tree vitality, and reduce production in subsequent years. The insect is sedentary and cannot fly long distances, so infestations spread slowly from tree to tree.
pest gall-former pecan agricultural Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha monophagous single-generation Texas
Phylloxera caryaesemen
pecan phylloxera, pecan nut phylloxera
Phylloxera caryaesemen is a small, soft-bodied, gall-forming insect closely related to aphids that attacks pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis). It is considered the most damaging phylloxera species on pecans because it attacks shoots and developing nuts, unlike the related pecan leaf phylloxera which feeds only on leaves. Heavy infestations can reduce current-year yield, impair tree vitality, and diminish subsequent production. The insect induces abnormal plant growths (galls) by secreting substances that stimulate tissue development, with nymphs completing development inside these protective structures.
pest gall-former pecan agriculture Hemiptera Phylloxeridae
Phylloxera caryaesepta
pecan leaf phylloxera, pecan phylloxera
Phylloxera caryaesepta is a tiny, soft-bodied insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. It is a significant pest of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis), forming conspicuous galls on leaves, twigs, and nuts. The species survives winter as eggs in bark crevices, with nymphs emerging during spring bud break to feed on new growth. Unlike the related pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis) which attacks only leaves, P. caryaesepta damages shoots and nuts, making it more economically destructive. Heavy infestations can reduce yield, impair tree vitality, and curtail subsequent production.
pest gall-former pecan agriculture Hemiptera Phylloxeridae integrated-pest-management
Phylloxera deplanata
pecan leaf phylloxera, pecan phylloxera
Phylloxera deplanata is a tiny, soft-bodied insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. It is a significant pest of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis), causing the formation of galls on leaves, shoots, and nuts. The species overwinters as eggs in bark crevices and emerges in spring to feed on new growth, inducing abnormal plant tissue development. Unlike the pecan leaf phylloxera (which forms galls on leaves only), this species attacks shoots and nuts, making it more economically damaging. Heavy infestations can reduce yield, impair tree vitality, and diminish subsequent production.
phylloxera pecan gall pest agriculture Sternorrhyncha Carya economic-pest integrated-pest-management IPM orchard-pest
Phylloxera devastatrix
pecan phylloxera
Phylloxera devastatrix, commonly known as the pecan phylloxera, is a gall-forming insect closely related to aphids that infests pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis). It is considered the most damaging phylloxera species attacking pecans because it attacks shoots and nuts, whereas the related pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis) forms galls only on leaves. Heavy infestations reduce yield, impair tree vitality, and curtail subsequent production. The insect's galls also serve as an alternate host for hickory shuckworm (Cydia caryana) larvae.
pest gall-former agricultural pecan cecidogenic
Phylloxera perniciosa
pecan phylloxera
Phylloxera perniciosa, commonly known as the pecan phylloxera, is a gall-forming insect that attacks shoots and nuts of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis). It is considered the most damaging phylloxera species affecting pecans, causing galls that reduce yield, impair tree vitality, and curtail subsequent production. The insect is closely related to aphids and survives winter as eggs in bark crevices. Unlike the pecan leaf phylloxera, which only forms galls on leaves, this species attacks reproductive and vegetative shoots, making it economically significant in commercial pecan production.
gall-forming pest pecan agricultural Hemiptera Phylloxeridae
Phylloxera rimosalis
pecan leaf phylloxera
Phylloxera rimosalis is a tiny, soft-bodied insect closely related to aphids that forms galls exclusively on pecan leaves. It is one of two economically important phylloxera species attacking pecans, the other being the more damaging pecan phylloxera (Phylloxera devastatrix) which attacks shoots and nuts. Extensive infestations of P. rimosalis may cause some defoliation, but the species is generally less destructive than its congener. The insect has been observed in Texas and is managed as a pest of commercial pecan orchards.
gall-forming pest pecan Hemiptera agricultural
Phylloxera symmetrica
Phylloxera symmetrica is a gall-forming insect in the family Phylloxeridae, closely related to aphids. Like other phylloxerans, this species induces abnormal plant growths (galls) on host plants through chemical secretions that manipulate plant development. The species was described by Pergande in 1904. Members of the genus Phylloxera are known for complex life cycles involving both sexual and asexual generations, with overwintering eggs and multiple gall-forming generations per year.
Phylloxeridae gall-forming Sternorrhyncha plant-manipulation Carya hickory pecan
Stigmella juglandifoliella
Pecan serpentine leafminer
Stigmella juglandifoliella is a microlepidopteran moth in the family Nepticulidae, commonly known as the pecan serpentine leafminer. The species is a specialist herbivore whose larvae create serpentine mines in the leaves of pecan (Carya illinoinensis). It is currently known from a restricted range in the eastern United States.
leaf-miner microlepidoptera pest pecan Carya Nepticulidae United-States
Synanthedon scitula
dogwood borer, pecan borer, Dogwood Borer Moth
Synanthedon scitula is a clearwing moth in the family Sesiidae and a significant pest of woody plants. Larvae tunnel into burrknot tissue and cambium of host trees, causing damage ranging from localized feeding to tree death. The species has one generation per year, with adults active from June through September. It is widely distributed across North America and has been recorded from numerous host species including dogwood, pecan, apple, and many other hardwoods.
pest clearwing-moth borer orchard-pest wasp-mimic burrknot apple dogwood pecan Sesiidae