Pheromone-research
Guides
Coleophora laricella
Larch Casebearer Moth, Western Larch Case-bearer
Coleophora laricella is a case-bearing moth native to Central and Northern Europe, where it feeds on European larch (Larix decidua). Introduced to North America in the mid-19th century, it has become a significant invasive pest of Larix species, particularly western larch (L. occidentalis) and tamarack (L. laricina). The species produces one generation annually, with larvae that mine inside larch needles and construct portable cases from hollowed-out foliage. Severe infestations can reduce annual tree growth by 97% after five years, causing substantial economic losses and increasing host susceptibility to secondary pests and diseases.
Epiphyas postvittana
light brown apple moth, LBAM, apple leaf roller
Epiphyas postvittana, the light brown apple moth, is a highly polyphagous tortricid moth native to Australia. It has become an invasive agricultural pest in multiple countries including New Zealand, Hawaii, the United Kingdom, and California, where it was first detected in 2006. The species feeds on over 250 plant species across numerous families, with larvae causing damage as leafrolling caterpillars. Its broad host range and high reproductive potential make it a significant threat to horticultural industries worldwide.
Euschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
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nizationreplaced-organizationsubstituted-organizationexchanged-organizationswapped-organizationtraded-organizationbartered-organizationnegotiated-organizationbargained-organizationdealt-organizationhandled-organizationtreated-organizationprocessed-organizationoperated-organizationrun-organizationworked-organizationfunctioned-organizationperformed-organizationexecuted-organizationimplemented-organizationapplied-organizationutilized-organizationused-organizationemployed-organizationexploited-organizationharnessed-organizationleveraged-organizationcapitalized-organizationmonetized-organizationcommercialized-organizationmarketed-organizationsold-organizationdelivered-organizationsupplied-organizationprovided-organizationfurnished-organizationequipped-organizationoutfitted-organizationfitted-organizationprepared-organizationready-organizationset-organizationfixed-organizationtuned-organizationcalibrated-organizationharmonized-organizationconsolidated-organizationmerged-organizationcombined-organizationfused-organizationblended-organizationmixed-organizationamalgamated-organizationsynthesized-organizationcomposed-organizationconstituted-organizationformed-organizationmade-organizationcreated-organizationproduced-organizationgenerated-organizationoriginated-organizationinitiated-organizationstarted-organizationbegan-organizationcommenced-organizationlaunched-organizationintroduced-organizationpresented-organizationoffered-organizationproposed-organizationsuggested-organizationrecommended-organizationadvised-organizationcounseled-organizationconsulted-organizationconferred-organizationdiscussed-organizationdebated-organizationdeliberated-organizationconsidered-organizationcontemplated-organizationreflected-organizationpondered-organizationmeditated-organizationthought-organizationcogitated-organizationruminated-organizationspeculated-organizationhypothesized-organizationtheorized-organizationconjectured-organizationsurmised-organizationguessed-organizationestimated-organizationapproximated-organizationprojected-organizationforecasted-organizationpredicted-organizationanticipated-organizationexpected-organizationawaited-organizationhoped-organizationwished-organizationdesired-organizationwanted-organizationneeded-organizationrequired-organizationdemanded-organizationrequested-organizationasked-organizationlooked-organizationtrailed-organizationshadowed-organizationstalked-organizationsurveyed-organizationinspected-organizationexamined-organizationinvestigated-organizationexplored-organizationstudied-organizationresearched-organizationanalyzed-organizationjudged-organizationrated-organizationranked-organizationscored-organizationgraded-organizationLimonius aurifer
Gold-headed Click Beetle
Limonius aurifer is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae, commonly known as the Gold-headed Click Beetle. It is native to North America and has been documented in Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec) and the United States. The species is part of the genus Limonius, which includes several economically important agricultural pests known as wireworms. Research has investigated the efficacy of synthetic sex pheromones for trapping multiple Limonius species across various North American locations.
Limonius auripilis
Red-Shouldered Wireworm
Limonius auripilis is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae, commonly known as the Red-Shouldered Wireworm. The larval stage, referred to as wireworms, are soil-dwelling pests known to damage agricultural crops. The species has been documented in Ontario and Québec, Canada. Research has examined pheromone-based trapping methods for monitoring and managing this and related Limonius species.
Limonius ectypus
Western Field Click Beetle
Limonius ectypus, commonly known as the Western Field Click Beetle, is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae. It is distributed across central and western Canada, with records from Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. As a member of the genus Limonius, it belongs to a group of soil-dwelling beetles whose larvae (wireworms) are significant agricultural pests. The species has been the subject of recent research on pheromone-based trapping methods for wireworm management.
Limonius infuscatus
Western field wireworm
Limonius infuscatus, commonly known as the Western field wireworm, is a nocturnal click beetle native to the northwestern United States. The larval stage, referred to as a wireworm, is a soil-dwelling pest known to damage agricultural crops. The species belongs to the family Elateridae, characterized by the ability of adults to produce an audible click when righting themselves from a supine position.
Limonius subauratus
Columbia Basin Wireworm
Limonius subauratus, commonly known as the Columbia Basin Wireworm, is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae. The species is found in North America, with confirmed distribution records from Canadian provinces including Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, and New Brunswick. The larval stage, referred to as a wireworm, is the economically significant form. Research has been conducted on synthetic sex pheromones for monitoring this and related Limonius species.