Leafminer

Guides

Agromyza alnivora
alder leafminer fly
Agromyza alnivora is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. The species is associated with alder (Alnus) as its host plant, as indicated by its specific epithet. Like other members of the genus, the larvae create serpentine or blotch mines within leaf tissue. The species is documented from North America.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Alnus North-America herbivore endophagous serpentine-mine
Agromyza frontella
alfalfa blotch leafminer
Agromyza frontella, the alfalfa blotch leafminer, is a small dipteran leafminer in the family Agromyzidae. Native to Europe, it has become an established agricultural pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in North America, particularly in Canada and the northern United States. Larvae feed between leaf surfaces, creating distinctive blotch-shaped mines. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in daily activity patterns, with males most active during cooler morning and evening periods while females feed and oviposit throughout the day. It has been subject to classical biological control using the introduced parasitoid Dacnusa dryas.
agricultural-pest leafminer biological-control alfalfa introduced-species classical-biological-control Dacnusa-dryas diapause sexual-dimorphism pheromone integrated-pest-management
Anarsioses
Anarsioses is a genus of leafmining moths in the family Gracillariidae, established by Davis in 2019 to accommodate the species formerly known as Phyllonorycter aberrans. The genus was separated from Phyllonorycter based on distinctive morphological and molecular evidence, particularly the unusual asymmetry of the male genitalia and differences in larval biology. It is currently monotypic, containing only the type species Anarsioses aberrans.
Gracillariidae Lithocolletinae leafminer monotypic 2019 male-genitalia-asymmetry North-America Ohio new-genus Phyllonorycter-aberrans
Anarsioses aberrans
A small leafmining moth in the family Gracillariidae, originally described from North America in 1930. The species was transferred between multiple genera before molecular and morphological studies established its placement in the new genus Anarsioses, distinguished from related Phyllonorycter by asymmetrical male genitalia and distinct larval biology.
leafminer Gracillariidae Lithocolletinae North-America asymmetric-genitalia taxonomic-revision
Antispila nysaefoliella
Tupelo Leafminer Moth
Antispila nysaefoliella is a leafmining moth in the family Heliozelidae. Larvae feed exclusively on black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica), creating mines in leaves. The species is notable for producing distinct seismic signals during feeding and locomotion. Adults are small with a wingspan of approximately 8 mm and are active in spring.
leafminer seismic-behavior vibrational-communication monophagous Heliozelidae
Argyresthia canadensis
Canadian arborvitae leafminer, cedar leafminer
Argyresthia canadensis is a small moth in the family Argyresthiidae, commonly known as the Canadian arborvitae leafminer or cedar leafminer. The species is found in North America and has a single generation per year. Larvae are specialized leafminers of Thuja occidentalis (northern white-cedar), feeding between the layers of needle tissue.
leafminer conifer-specialist univoltine Yponomeutoidea
Argyresthia thuiella
arborvitae leafminer, thuja mining moth, American thuja shoot moth
Argyresthia thuiella is a micro-moth in the family Argyresthiidae, commonly known as the arborvitae leafminer. Native to North America, it has been introduced to Europe multiple times since 1971. The species develops one generation annually, with larvae mining the foliage and twigs of Thuja and Chamaecyparis species. Adults are active from May to July and have a wingspan of approximately 8 mm.
leafminer conifer-pest ornamental-pest introduced-species micro-moth Thuja Cupressaceae Argyresthiidae North-America-native Europe-introduced univoltine twig-miner
Aspilanta oinophylla
Aspilanta oinophylla is a minute leafmining moth in the family Heliozelidae, native to eastern North America and introduced to Italy where it has become a pest of commercial vineyards. It is the type species of the genus Aspilanta, erected in 2020 for Nearctic heliozelids with reduced wing venation previously placed in Antispila. The larvae feed as leaf miners on Vitaceae, particularly grapevines, and cut characteristic shield-shaped pupal cases from their host leaves.
leafminer invasive-species vineyard-pest Vitaceae grapevine North-America Italy Heliozelidae shield-bearer-moth DNA-barcoding
Aspilanta viticordifoliella
Aspilanta viticordifoliella is a small leafmining moth in the family Heliozelidae, originally described as Antispila viticordifoliella by Clemens in 1860 and transferred to the new genus Aspilanta in 2020 based on phylogenetic analysis. The species is characterized by reduced wing venation and distinctive silvery forewing markings without an apical spot. Its larvae are specialized leaf miners on Vitaceae host plants.
leafminer Vitaceae Heliozelidae Nearctic shield-bearer
Aspilanta voraginella
Aspilanta voraginella is a small moth in the family Heliozelidae, originally described by Annette Frances Braun in 1927 and transferred from Antispila to the new genus Aspilanta based on reduced wing venation and phylogenetic evidence. Adults have a wingspan of 4.7–5.4 mm. The species is found in the southwestern United States, where its larvae are gregarious leaf miners on Vitis arizonica.
leafminer Vitaceae microlepidoptera Nearctic gregarious-larvae
Bedellia
morning-glory leaf miner
Bedellia is the sole genus of the family Bedelliidae, a group of small, narrow-winged moths. Most authorities recognize Bedelliidae as a distinct family, though some classifications treat it as the subfamily Bedelliinae within Lyonetiidae. The genus contains several species, with Bedellia somnulentella (the sweet potato leafminer) being the most economically significant. This species is an invasive pest of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and related Convolvulaceae, with larvae feeding as leafminers in the leaf mesophyll.
leafminer agricultural-pest sweet-potato-pest microlepidoptera invasive-species Convolvulaceae-specialist
Bedelliidae
Bedelliidae is a small family of microlepidoptera containing the single genus Bedellia. These narrow-winged moths were previously classified within Lyonetiidae. The family is best known for the sweet potato leafminer Bedellia somnulentella, an invasive agricultural pest that feeds on Convolvulaceae.
microlepidoptera leafminer Convolvulaceae agricultural-pest invasive-species
Cameraria caryaefoliella
Pecan Leafminer Moth
Cameraria caryaefoliella is a microlepidopteran leafminer moth in the family Gracillariidae. The species is known from eastern North America, with records from Ontario and Quebec in Canada and multiple states across the eastern and central United States. Larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines. Adults are active across multiple generations annually.
microlepidoptera leafminer pest pecan hickory North-America
Cameraria cincinnatiella
Gregarious Oak Leafminer Moth
Cameraria cincinnatiella is a small leaf-mining moth in the family Gracillariidae, commonly known as the gregarious oak leafminer moth. The species was described by Chambers in 1871 and is native to eastern and central North America. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 15 mm. Larvae are specialized feeders on Quercus (oak) species, creating distinctive mines in leaves.
leafminer oak-specialist North-American-endemic Gracillariidae Lepidoptera
Chrysocharis
Chrysocharis is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species are primarily larval parasitoids of leafmining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and casebearing moths (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae). The genus has been studied for biological control applications, particularly against agricultural pests such as Liriomyza leafminers and the larch casebearer. At least 18 species occur in North America north of Mexico, with additional diversity in Europe and the Oriental region.
parasitoid biological-control leafminer Eulophidae Agromyzidae Coleophoridae
Cirrospilus
Cirrospilus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Species within this genus are primarily ectoparasitoids of leaf-mining insects, particularly gracillariid moths such as the citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella). Several species have been investigated and employed as biological control agents against agricultural pests, with notable examples including C. ingenuus, C. diallus, C. pictus, and C. coachellae. The genus exhibits variation in host specificity, fecundity, and developmental rates influenced by temperature and host stage.
parasitoid biological-control citrus-pest leafminer Eulophidae Chalcidoidea
Coleotechnites gibsonella
common juniper leafminer
Coleotechnites gibsonella is a small gelechiid moth commonly known as the common juniper leafminer. It is restricted to northeastern North America where its larvae are specialized feeders on common juniper. The species is notable for its distinctive larval behavior of mining and binding juniper needles with silk to create protected feeding chambers.
leafminer juniper-specialist silk-binding-larvae monophagous temperate-North-America
Coleotechnites thujaella
brown arborvitae leafminer, brown cedar leafminer
Coleotechnites thujaella is a small gelechiid moth commonly known as the brown arborvitae leafminer or brown cedar leafminer. It occurs in northeastern North America, where its larvae feed internally on Thuja foliage. The species is recognized by its distinctive wing pattern of black triangular costal patches and paired black dots on cream-white forewings. Adults have a wingspan of 9–10 mm and are active in a single annual generation.
leafminer pest Thuja arborvitae cedar univoltine Gelechiidae Lepidoptera North-America ornamental-pest
Coptodisca
Coptodisca is a genus of small moths in the family Heliozelidae, established by Walsingham in 1895. Species are leafminers whose larvae feed internally on leaves of woody plants, creating distinctive blotch mines. Several species have become invasive pests in Europe, particularly C. lucifluella and C. juglandiella on walnut (Juglans) and related trees. The genus is native to the Nearctic region with approximately 20 described species.
leafminer invasive pest walnut Heliozelidae Lepidoptera shield-bearer blotch-mine multivoltine Nearctic-origin Europe-invasion Juglandaceae Carya Juglans parasitoid host-shift Coptodisca-lucifluella Coptodisca-juglandiella Coptodisca-negligens orchard-pest urban-forestry
Coptodisca cercocarpella
curl-leaf mountain mahogany leafminer
Coptodisca cercocarpella is a small moth in the family Heliozelidae, described by Annette Frances Braun in 1925. It is known as the curl-leaf mountain mahogany leafminer, indicating its association with mountain mahogany plants (Cercocarpus). The species occurs in western North America, with records from Arizona, California, Utah, and Colorado. As a leafminer, its larvae feed within leaf tissue, creating distinctive feeding patterns.
leafminer western-North-America Cercocarpus Heliozelidae microlepidoptera
Coptodisca juglandiella
Walnut Shield-bearer
Coptodisca juglandiella is a Nearctic leafminer moth in the family Heliozelidae, first described by Chambers in 1874. Native to North America, it was discovered in Hungary in 2019 as a new invasive species for Europe. The larvae feed internally on walnut leaves, creating distinctive blotch mines. Unlike its congener C. lucifluella, it has not undergone a host plant shift since introduction to Europe.
leafminer invasive-species walnut-pest Heliozelidae Nearctic-origin Europe Hungary Juglans three-generations no-host-shift
Diglyphus
Diglyphus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species are larval ectoparasitoids of leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and some Lepidoptera leafminers. Several species, particularly D. isaea and D. begini, are commercially used for biological control of agricultural leafminer pests in greenhouses and field crops. The genus contains at least 15 European species, with additional species described from Asia and North America.
parasitoid biological-control leafminer Eulophidae agricultural-pest-management ectoparasitoid
Diglyphus websteri
Diglyphus websteri is a tiny parasitoid wasp in the family Eulophidae. It belongs to a genus known for biological control of leafmining insects. The species has been documented in laboratory settings for parasitoid research.
parasitoid biological-control leafminer Eulophidae Hymenoptera
Entedoninae
Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.
parasitoid biological-control gall-associated leafminer-parasitoid Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera Eulophidae Entedoninae tropical-forest agricultural-pest-control sawfly-parasitoid thrips-parasitoid ant-associated rice-pest Cecidomyiidae Tenthredinidae Pontania Closterocerus Ceranisus Afronympha Ametallon Chrysonotomyia Omphale-genus-group canopy understorey ecological-plasticity Bangladesh Panama Africa New-Zealand Europe Senegal South-Africa Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo Uganda endoparasitoid larval-parasitoid egg-parasitoid host-specificity forest-habitat degraded-habitat mid-altitude-rainforest lowland-rainforest tropical-America classical-biological-control augmentative-biological-control integrated-pest-management rice-hispa Dicladispa-armigera gall-wasp sawfly-gall leafminer ant-symbiosis Formicidae Khaya-senegalensis Ochna-pulchra morphological-taxonomy molecular-taxonomy 28S-rDNA COI CytB new-species-description generic-revision host-range parasitoid-complex food-web ecosystem-service natural-enemy pest-management entomophagous hyperparasitoid inquiline curculionid Apion-minimum Phyllocolpa-leucosticta Chrysocharis Entedon Asecodes Pleurotroppopsis Afrotroppopsis Zaommomentedon Apleurotropis Kratoysma Platocharis Schizocharis Parahorismenus Atullya Tropicharis Chrysochuris cruy mirabilis oryzamyntor eminpashai carinatum dussiae longicaudata machaeriae unimaculata claviger gorgonaense auripunctata galbina laeviscuta phenacapsia cecvora elongata pontaniae heyeri risbeci milletiae newbyi Förster-1856 Chalcidoidea-phylogeny biodiversity species-richness cryptic-species molecular-diagnostics host-plant-association habitat-specificity canopy-fauna understorey-fauna forest-stratification tropical-biodiversity Afrotropical Neotropical Palaearctic Nearctic Oriental Australasian Pacific Holarctic biogeography taxonomic-revision annotated-key catalogue type-specimen museum-collection slide-mounted-specimens morphometrics genitalia wing-venation antennae 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Etainia
Etainia is a genus of minute moths in the family Nepticulidae, established by Beirne in 1945. It was formerly treated as a subgenus of Ectoedemia but has been elevated to generic status. The genus contains species distributed across North America and Europe, with larvae that are leafminers and stem borers on woody plants. At least two native North American species are known, including Etainia thoraceleuca, which feeds on Ericaceae.
leafminer stem-borer Ericaceae pest Nepticulidae microlepidoptera
Etainia thoraceleuca
Etainia thoraceleuca is a North American moth in the family Nepticulidae, described in 2024 as the second native American species in the genus. It is known from light-collected adults across California, Arizona, and Ontario, Canada. The species is a specialist feeder on Ericaceae, with larvae making short leafmines on Arbutus and Arctostaphylos species before continuing development in stems and branches. It is sister to the European species E. albibimaculella.
Nepticulidae leafminer stem-borer Ericaceae pest North-America California Arizona Ontario Arbutus Arctostaphylos microlepidoptera
Fenusa dohrnii
European alder leafminer
Fenusa dohrnii is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the European alder leafminer. The species is native to Europe and has been introduced to North America, with records from Canada. As a leafminer, its larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines on alder leaves.
leafminer sawfly alder herbivore introduced-species
Fenusa pumila
birch leafminer, Birch Leafminer Sawfly
Fenusa pumila is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the birch leafminer. Native to Europe, it has been introduced to North America where it has become established. The species is a specialist leaf-mining herbivore on birch trees, with larvae feeding internally within leaf tissue. In North America, populations may complete two to four generations annually, with adult emergence triggered by accumulated growing degree-days.
leafminer sawfly introduced-species pest birch forest-insect Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae herbivore growing-degree-days
Fenusa ulmi
elm leafminer
Fenusa ulmi is a sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae whose larvae mine leaves of elm trees (Ulmus spp.). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to North America where it functions as a pest of ornamental and nursery elms. The species shows strong host specificity, with European elm taxa being most susceptible to damage. Adult emergence and oviposition are tightly synchronized with host leafing phenology, enabling degree-day modeling for monitoring and prediction.
leafminer pest Ulmus Tenthredinidae sawfly introduced-species ornamental-pest
Fomoria pteliaeella
Wafer Ash Leafminer Moth
Fomoria pteliaeella is a minute nepticulid moth native to the eastern United States. Adults are active during summer months with two generations per year. The species is a specialist leafminer, with larvae feeding exclusively on Ptelea trifoliata (wafer ash). Larval mines are initially contorted and indistinct, becoming more visible as they develop.
leafminer specialist Nepticulidae Nearctic
Gronotoma
Gronotoma is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Figitidae (subfamily Eucoilinae). Species within this genus are primarily known as parasitoids of leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae), with documented hosts including Liriomyza trifolii, L. huidobrensis, L. sativae, L. bryoniae, Melanagromyza tomaterae, and Japanagromyza tokunagai. Several species, particularly G. micromorpha, have been extensively studied for their potential as biological control agents in agricultural systems. The genus exhibits thelytokous parthenogenesis in at least some species and shows flexibility in host stage utilization.
parasitoid leafminer biological-control Agromyzidae greenhouse thelytoky prosynovigenic
Halticoptera
Halticoptera is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Pteromalidae. Species in this genus are koinobiont endoparasitoids of agromyzid leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae). They have been investigated as biological control agents for leafminer pests, though host suitability varies significantly between indigenous and invasive host species.
Pteromalidae parasitoid leafminer biological-control koinobiont Agromyzidae encapsulation Hymenoptera
Hemiptarsenus
Hemiptarsenus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species in this genus are primarily known as larval parasitoids of leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae), with some species also attacking Lepidopteran hosts. The genus has been studied extensively for its potential in biological control of agricultural pests, particularly leafminers affecting vegetable crops. Multiple species have been described from Asia, with new species continuing to be discovered in China.
parasitoid biological-control agromyzid leafminer agricultural-pest-management Eulophidae Hymenoptera Indonesia China Australia
Heterarthrus
Heterarthrus is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae. Species occur in Eurasia and North America. The genus includes leafmining species that feed on trees in the family Betulaceae. Heterarthrus vagans, a Palaearctic species, has been introduced to southwestern British Columbia, Canada, where it mines leaves of native red alder.
leafminer introduced-species sawfly Betulaceae alder British-Columbia
Keiferia glochinella
eggplant leafminer moth
Keiferia glochinella, known as the eggplant leafminer moth, is a small gelechiid moth native to the southwestern United States. Adults are grayish with variable mottling. The species is notable for its larval leaf-mining behavior on Solanum carolinense. Misidentifications have led to false records outside its confirmed western range.
moth leafminer Gelechiidae Solanaceae Southwestern-United-States
Leucanthiza dircella
Leucanthiza dircella is a microlepidopteran species in the family Gracillariidae. It is the sole known leafminer of Dirca palustris (leatherwood), with larvae forming mines in the leaves of this host plant. The species has been documented across northeastern North America and California, with a univoltine life cycle in northern Michigan. Multiple parasitoid wasp species in the families Braconidae and Eulophidae attack this moth.
leafminer monophagous univoltine parasitoid-host
Liriomyza archboldi
Liriomyza archboldi is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Frost in 1962. The genus Liriomyza includes numerous leafminer species, some of which are significant agricultural pests. However, specific biological and ecological information for L. archboldi is not well documented in the available literature. The species is distinguished from congeners by morphological features typical of the genus.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytomyzinae Nearctic non-pest-species Frost-1962
Liriomyza arctii
Burdock Leafminer
A small leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. The species is known by the common name Burdock Leafminer and has been recorded from Vermont and other parts of the United States. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, it is presumed to feed on plant tissues as larvae, creating characteristic mines within leaves.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera North-America data-deficient herbivore
Liriomyza asclepiadis
Liriomyza asclepiadis is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it belongs to a group of flies whose larvae create characteristic feeding tunnels (mines) within leaf tissue. The species epithet "asclepiadis" suggests an association with plants in the family Apocynaceae (milkweeds), though specific host records remain limited. It is known from northeastern North America.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Liriomyza North-America Canada USA Vermont Spencer-1969
Liriomyza avicenniae
Liriomyza avicenniae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described from material associated with Avicennia (mangrove) hosts. The species epithet reflects this host association. As with other Liriomyza species, the larvae likely produce serpentine or blotch mines within leaf tissue. The species was described in 2002 and appears to have a restricted distribution tied to mangrove ecosystems.
leafminer mangrove Agromyzidae Avicennia Diptera
Liriomyza baptisiae
Liriomyza baptisiae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Frost in 1931. It is native to the United States. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, the larvae likely feed within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines. The specific epithet "baptisiae" suggests a possible association with plants in the genus Baptisia (Fabaceae), though this host relationship requires confirmation.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae United-States Baptisia native-species
Liriomyza carphephori
Liriomyza carphephori is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman, Lonsdale & Feldman in 2019. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it belongs to a group known for larvae that tunnel between leaf surfaces, creating distinctive mines. The species was described relatively recently and specific details about its biology remain limited.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera insect Vermont recently-described 2019
Liriomyza commelinae
Liriomyza commelinae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Frost in 1931. The species is associated with Commelina plants (dayflowers) and has been studied primarily for its role in supporting parasitoid populations that also attack the economically important pest Liriomyza huidobrensis. Research indicates it experiences high mortality rates (over 96%) from parasitoids, predatory ants, and competition-related factors. Its distribution includes Florida, the broader Neotropical region, and parts of Brazil.
leafminer Agromyzidae biological-control parasitoid-host Commelina Neotropical Florida Brazil density-dependence pest-management-alternative-host
Liriomyza cracentis
Liriomyza cracentis is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Lonsdale in 2017. The genus Liriomyza contains numerous economically important leafminer species that damage agricultural crops by creating tunnels in leaf tissue. As a relatively recently described species, detailed biological information for L. cracentis remains limited. The species has been recorded from Vermont, United States.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Vermont United-States Lonsdale-2017 Phytomyzinae recently-described-species
Liriomyza eupatorii
Liriomyza eupatorii is a leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Johann Heinrich Kaltenbach in 1874. The species occurs in Europe and is known for its larvae creating mines in leaves of plants in the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families. Host plants include hemp-agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum), various hemp-nettles (Galeopsis species), sunflowers (Helianthus), and European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea), among others.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Europe Asteraceae Lamiaceae Kaltenbach-1874
Liriomyza euphorbiella
Liriomyza euphorbiella is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2019. The specific epithet suggests an association with plants in the genus Euphorbia. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it belongs to a group of flies whose larvae create distinctive mines within leaf tissue. The species is recognized as valid and accepted in taxonomic databases.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytomyzinae Euphorbia-associated 2019-description
Liriomyza fricki
Liriomyza fricki is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1965. It is a member of a genus containing numerous economically significant agricultural pests, though specific information about this particular species is limited. The species is recorded from the United States, with distribution records from Vermont. Like other Liriomyza species, it likely has a life cycle involving larval mining of leaf tissue, but species-specific biological details have not been documented in available sources.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera North-America Vermont
Liriomyza galiivora
Liriomyza galiivora is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it shares the characteristic larval behavior of mining within leaf tissue between the upper and lower epidermis. The specific epithet "galiivora" suggests an association with Galium (bedstraw) as a host plant, though detailed biological studies remain limited. The species has been recorded in Sweden and Vermont, USA, indicating a Holarctic distribution pattern.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Holarctic Galium understudied-species
Liriomyza garryae
Liriomyza garryae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2019. The species epithet 'garryae' suggests an association with plants of the genus Garrya. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, this species likely produces larvae that feed within leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines. The species is currently known from limited records, with 9 observations documented on iNaturalist.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera insect Phytomyzinae Garrya-associated
Liriomyza hypopolymnia
Liriomyza hypopolymnia is a leafminer fly species in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2021. It belongs to a genus containing numerous economically important leafminer pests, though specific information about this particular species remains limited. The genus Liriomyza is characterized by larvae that feed between leaf surfaces, creating visible mines that impair plant photosynthesis.
Agromyzidae leafminer Diptera Phytomyzinae Liriomyza 2021-description
Liriomyza ivorcutleri
Liriomyza ivorcutleri is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2018. The species is part of the diverse Liriomyza genus, which includes numerous leafmining species, many of which are significant agricultural pests. Like other members of its genus, L. ivorcutleri likely has larvae that feed internally within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines. The specific epithet honors Ivor Cutler.
Agromyzidae leafminer Diptera Phytomyzinae 2018-description
Liriomyza langei
leafminer
Liriomyza langei is a leafminer fly species in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Frick in 1951. The species is known as a significant agricultural pest, particularly of chrysanthemum and spinach crops. Larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines that reduce photosynthetic capacity and crop quality. The species has been the subject of biological control studies using the parasitoid wasp Diglyphus isaea, as well as genetic research on host plant resistance in spinach.
agricultural-pest leafminer biological-control chrysanthemum-pest spinach-pest Agromyzidae
Liriomyza lathyri
Liriomyza lathyri is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Sehgal in 1971. It belongs to a genus containing numerous economically important agricultural pests, though specific information about this particular species remains sparse. The species name suggests an association with Lathyrus (pea/vetch plants), but direct host records have not been documented in the available literature. Like other Liriomyza species, it likely has a holometabolous life cycle with larval stages that feed internally in leaf tissue.
leafminer Agromyzidae Liriomyza Diptera undocumented-species potential-agricultural-pest
Liriomyza limopsis
Liriomyza limopsis is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Lonsdale in 2017. It belongs to a genus containing numerous economically important agricultural pests, though specific information about this particular species remains limited. The species name suggests a possible association with lake or pond margins (from Greek 'limne' meaning lake and 'opsis' meaning appearance or sight). Like other Liriomyza species, it likely has a larval stage that mines within leaf tissue.
leafminer Agromyzidae Phytomyzinae Diptera North-America Vermont recently-described 2017
Liriomyza marginalis
Liriomyza marginalis is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Malloch in 1913. It has been recorded in the United States, West Indies, Brazil, and Mexico. A 2021 study documented it as a new record associated with maize crops in Mexico, marking the first known agricultural association for this species. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, the larvae likely feed within leaf tissue, though specific morphological and behavioral details remain poorly documented.
Agromyzidae leafminer maize Mexico new-record Diptera
Liriomyza nigriscutellata
Liriomyza nigriscutellata is a species of leaf miner fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1981. The species is known only from California based on available records. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, it is presumed to have larvae that feed within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines, though specific host plants and detailed biology remain undocumented.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae California-endemic data-deficient
Liriomyza orilliensis
Liriomyza orilliensis is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. The species is known from the northeastern United States, with distribution records from Vermont. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-mining larval behavior typical of this economically important group, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
leafminer Agromyzidae North-America poorly-known
Liriomyza pilicornis
Liriomyza pilicornis is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Lonsdale in 2017. It belongs to a genus containing numerous economically significant leafminer species, though specific information about this particular species remains limited. The genus Liriomyza is characterized by larvae that feed internally within leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines between the upper and lower leaf surfaces.
Diptera Agromyzidae leafminer Liriomyza Phytomyzinae
Liriomyza pistilla
Liriomyza pistilla is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Lonsdale in 2017. The genus Liriomyza includes numerous economically important leafminer species whose larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating distinctive serpentine or blotch mines. As a recently described species, detailed biological information for L. pistilla remains limited. The species is known from specimen records in entomological collections, including the Entomology Research Museum at the University of California, Riverside.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Liriomyza 2017-description
Liriomyza polygalivora
Liriomyza polygalivora is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described in 2019. The specific epithet "polygalivora" indicates its association with host plants in the genus Polygala. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, it is likely a phytophagous species whose larvae create mines within leaf tissue.
leafminer agromyzidae diptera phytophagous polygala mining-fly
Liriomyza sabaziae
Liriomyza sabaziae is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1963. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, it is likely a leafminer whose larvae feed between the upper and lower surfaces of leaves, creating characteristic mines. The specific epithet "sabaziae" suggests an association with plants in the genus Sabazia (Asteraceae). Very little published information exists on this species, and its biology, host range, and distribution remain poorly documented.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Spencer-1963 data-deficient
Liriomyza septentrionalis
Liriomyza septentrionalis is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Sehgal in 1968. The species is known from western North America, with records from Alberta, British Columbia, California, and Colorado. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it is presumed to have leaf-mining larvae, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented.
leafminer Agromyzidae North-America
Liriomyza trifoliearum
Liriomyza trifoliearum is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1973. It belongs to a genus containing numerous economically significant agricultural pests, though this particular species is less documented than congeners such as L. trifolii and L. huidobrensis. The species is known from the United States.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera United-States Spencer-1973
Liriomyza trifolii
American serpentine leafminer, celery leafminer
Liriomyza trifolii is a small leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, native to the Caribbean and southeastern United States. It has become a globally distributed invasive pest of greenhouse and vegetable crops, recognized as one of the three most damaging leafminer species worldwide. The species is highly polyphagous, feeding on numerous ornamental and vegetable plants including chrysanthemums, celery, and tomatoes. Its spread has been facilitated by insecticide resistance and international trade in plant material.
leafminer agricultural-pest greenhouse-pest invasive-species polyphagous insecticide-resistance vegetable-pest ornamental-pest
Liriomyza valerianivora
Liriomyza valerianivora is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2018. The specific epithet 'valerianivora' indicates an association with Valeriana host plants. Like other Liriomyza species, it is likely a specialist leafminer whose larvae feed internally on leaf tissue. The species is part of a large genus containing numerous agricultural pests, though detailed biological information for this particular species remains limited.
leafminer Agromyzidae Phytomyzinae specialist-herbivore Valeriana
Liriomyza venegasiae
Liriomyza venegasiae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1981. The species is known from California, USA, and is one of numerous Liriomyza species that create feeding tunnels (mines) within leaf tissue. Like other members of the genus, the larvae are internal feeders that mine between the upper and lower epidermis of leaves.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae California-endemic internal-feeder Phytomyzinae
Liriomyza violivora
Liriomyza violivora is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, originally described by Spencer in 1986 under the genus Galiomyza before being transferred to Liriomyza. As a member of this genus, it is a small dipteran whose larvae create mines within leaf tissue. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States, specifically Vermont.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Liriomyza United-States Vermont Spencer-1986 Galiomyza-violivora
Liriomyza zinniae
Liriomyza zinniae is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1981. The specific epithet 'zinniae' indicates an association with Zinnia host plants. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, the larvae are leafminers that feed internally within leaf tissue. The species is part of a large genus containing numerous agricultural pests, though specific information about L. zinniae's economic impact appears limited in published literature.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera herbivore phytophagous Zinnia-associated 1981-description Spencer
Marmara gulosa
Citrus Peelminer
Marmara gulosa is a small gracillariid moth, approximately 4 mm in length, commonly known as the citrus peelminer. Native to the United States where it originally fed on willow (Salix lasiolepis), the species has undergone a documented host-shift to non-native plants including citrus varieties and ornamentals such as oleander. It is known from California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida, as well as Cuba. The species is of economic concern as a pest of citrus, particularly grapefruit in southwestern growing regions. A distinct species from the similar Marmara salictella, it was formally described in 2001.
leafminer citrus-pest agricultural-pest Gracillariidae host-shift invasive-behavior
Metriocnemus eurynotus
A small non-biting midge (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) with larvae that feed on herbaceous plant material. The species has been documented as a leafminer of Impatiens cotyledons, initially mining fresh tissue before transitioning to external feeding. Larvae have also been found feeding within abandoned mines of Metriocnemus erythranthei on Veronica and on Petasites leaves. The species occurs across northern Europe and has been recorded from North America.
leafminer herbivore wetland Orthocladiinae non-biting-midge
Monarthropalpus
boxwood leafminer gall midge
Monarthropalpus is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. The genus contains at least one described species, M. flavus, commonly known as the boxwood leafminer. These small flies are native to Europe and were introduced to North America, where they have become significant pests of boxwood (Buxus spp.) ornamental plants. The larvae develop as leafminers within boxwood leaves, causing characteristic yellow-orange discoloration, blistering, and gall formation that disfigures foliage.
gall-midge leafminer pest ornamental boxwood introduced-species Cecidomyiidae horticulture integrated-pest-management
Monarthropalpus flavus
boxwood leafminer
A small gnat-like gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) native to Europe that is a significant pest of boxwood (Buxus spp.) in ornamental landscapes. Adults are delicate orange flies resembling mosquitoes. Females use a drill-like ovipositor to insert eggs into the undersides of young leaves. Larvae feed gregariously within leaf tissue, inducing rudimentary blister galls through hypertrophy and hyperplasia of spongy parenchyma. The species represents an evolutionary intermediate between leafminers and true gall inducers. First detected in the United States in 1910, it now causes serious damage to boxwood across the eastern U.S.
gall-midge leafminer pest ornamental introduced boxwood Cecidomyiidae intermediate-gall-induction resistant-varieties-available
Nefusa ambigua
Violet Leafmining Sawfly
Nefusa ambigua, commonly known as the violet leafmining sawfly, is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae are specialized leafminers that feed internally within the leaves of Viola species (violets). This species has been documented across multiple Canadian provinces and is known for its distinctive larval habit of creating mines within violet foliage.
leafminer specialist-herbivore Viola-associate Canadian-fauna sawfly Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae internal-feeder
Neochrysocharis
Neochrysocharis is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species in this genus are endoparasitoids of leafmining insects, particularly agromyzid flies. Some species exhibit host-feeding behavior and possess both thelytokous (asexual) and arrhenotokous (sexual) reproductive strains. Multiple species have been evaluated as biological control agents for invasive leafminer pests in agricultural systems.
parasitoid biological-control leafminer agromyzid Eulophidae thelytoky host-feeding integrated-pest-management vegetable-pest tomato-pest invasive-species-management
Neochrysocharis formosa
Neochrysocharis formosa is a small parasitoid wasp in the family Eulophidae. It is a larval parasitoid of leafminers (Agromyzidae) and has been recorded as a parasitoid of Tuta absoluta (Gelechiidae) and Diprion pini (Diprionidae). The species exhibits host-feeding behavior and is widely used as a biological control agent in agricultural systems. Both thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains exist, with thelytokous strains showing superior biocontrol potential. Sex ratios are typically female-biased.
parasitoid biological-control leafminer Eulophidae agricultural-pest-management host-feeding thelytoky integrated-pest-management
Odontota horni
soybean leafminer
Odontota horni is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the soybean leafminer. It is found across a broad swath of eastern and central North America, with records from 28 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The species is associated with leguminous host plants, including several Desmodium species, Tephrosia virginiana, and Glycine max (soybean), which gives it its common name.
leaf-beetle leafminer Chrysomelidae Cassidinae North-America legume-feeder soybean-pest
Pegomya
Pegomya is a genus of flies in the family Anthomyiidae comprising diverse species with varied larval feeding strategies. Larvae exhibit leaf mining, stem boring, gall induction, seed feeding, and mycophagy. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, including those attacking sugar beet, spinach, and cruciferous crops. Some species have been investigated for biological control of invasive plants.
leafminer stem-borer gall-inducer seed-predator mycophage agricultural-pest biocontrol Anthomyiidae Diptera
Pholetesor
Pholetesor is a genus of microgastrine braconid wasps containing more than 50 described species, distributed primarily in the Holarctic region. The genus was established by Mason in 1981 and includes species previously placed in Teremys, which has been tentatively synonymized. All known species are koinobiont endoparasitoids of concealed-feeding Lepidoptera larvae, with the majority specializing on leafmining and needlemining species in families such as Gracillariidae.
parasitoid biological-control leafminer orchard-pest-management Holarctic
Phthorimaea
Phthorimaea is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae, established by Edward Meyrick in 1902. The genus contains approximately 15 described species distributed across the Americas and other regions. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, particularly Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) and Phthorimaea absoluta (South American leafminer/tomato leafminer), which infest Solanaceae crops worldwide. The genus is characterized by its association with nightshade family plants and has been the subject of intensive research due to the invasive potential and management challenges posed by its pest species.
agricultural-pest invasive-species leafminer Solanaceae-specialist Gelechiidae integrated-pest-management quarantine-pest
Phthorimaea operculella
potato tuber moth, tobacco splitworm
Phthorimaea operculella, commonly known as the potato tuber moth or tobacco splitworm, is a gelechiid moth and major agricultural pest of Solanaceae crops worldwide. The species is oligophagous, feeding primarily on potato tubers and foliage, but also attacks tomato, tobacco, eggplant, and pepper plants. Larval mining of tubers and leaves causes substantial economic damage, rendering potatoes unmarketable. The species has achieved near-global distribution, particularly in subtropical, tropical, and Mediterranean climates, and is subject to extensive integrated pest management efforts including biological control, cultural practices, and chemical interventions.
agricultural-pest leafminer Solanaceae potato integrated-pest-management global-distribution oviposition-chemoreception nocturnal Gelechiidae invasive-species-management
Phyllocnistis hyperpersea
Phyllocnistis hyperpersea is a microlepidopteran moth in the family Gracillariidae, described by Davis & Wagner in 2011. The species is notable for its distinctive leafmining behavior on Persea species, creating serpentine galleries on the upper leaf surface with an unusually broad median frass trail. Its specific name references this habit of mining on the upperside (hyper) of Persea leaves.
leafminer microlepidoptera Gracillariidae Persea Lauraceae Atlantic-coastal-plain
Phyllocnistis liquidambarisella
Phyllocnistis liquidambarisella is a microlepidopteran moth in the family Gracillariidae, specialized as a leafminer on sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua). The species creates distinctive, winding linear mines on the upper surface of host leaves, leaving an indistinct trail without a central frass line. It is known from the eastern and southern United States, with records spanning from New York to Florida and west to Texas.
leafminer microlepidoptera monophagous Phyllocnistis sweetgum
Phyllocnistis subpersea
Phyllocnistis subpersea is a microlepidopteran moth in the family Gracillariidae, described in 2011. Adults are tiny, with forewings measuring 2–2.7 mm. The species is a specialist leafminer on Persea borbonia, creating distinctive serpentine mines on the undersides of leaves. Its specific name references this sub-leaf mining habit. The species has a restricted known distribution in southeastern United States coastal regions.
leafminer microlepidoptera monophagous endemic coastal Lauraceae sap-feeder serpentine-mine
Phyllocnistis vitifoliella
Phyllocnistis vitifoliella is a microlepidopteran moth in the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec and multiple U.S. states including Wisconsin, California, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Texas, Vermont, Kentucky, and Illinois. The species belongs to a genus whose larvae are leafminers, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
microlepidoptera leafminer North-America
Phyllonorycter elmaella
western tentiform leafminer
Phyllonorycter elmaella, the western tentiform leafminer, is a small moth in the family Gracillariidae. It is a documented pest of apple (Malus) in commercial orchards across western North America. Larvae create tentiform (blotch-shaped) mines within apple leaves, feeding between the upper and lower epidermis. The species serves as host to a diverse community of parasitoid wasps, with at least 14 species recorded, supporting natural biological control in orchard ecosystems.
leafminer orchard-pest apple biological-control parasitoid-host Gracillariidae microlepidoptera integrated-pest-management
Phytomyza aldrichi
Phytomyza aldrichi is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1986. The species is known from the northeastern United States, with records from Vermont and Idaho. Like other members of the genus Phytomyza, the larvae likely feed internally within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines.
leafminer agromyzidae diptera phytomyza united-states vermont idaho
Phytomyza aquilegiana
columbine leafminer
Phytomyza aquilegiana, commonly known as the columbine leafminer, is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. The species is found in the Southeastern United States, with additional records from Vermont. Like other Phytomyza species, the larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating distinctive serpentine mines. The specific host plant associations and detailed biology of this species remain poorly documented compared to its congeners.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera herbivore internal-feeder
Phytomyza confusa
Phytomyza confusa is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2018. Like other members of its genus, it develops as a larva within plant leaf tissue, creating distinctive feeding galleries. The species is part of a diverse group of agromyzid flies whose larvae are specialized herbivores on particular host plants. As a recently described species, detailed information about its biology and distribution remains limited.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Phytomyza herbivore endoparasitoid-herbivore 2018-description new-species Eiseman Lonsdale
Phytomyza crassiseta
Phytomyza crassiseta is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. The genus Phytomyza contains numerous species whose larvae feed internally within leaves, creating distinctive serpentine mines. Specific biological details for P. crassiseta are limited in available sources. Many Phytomyza species are host-specific to particular plant genera or families.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Palearctic Europe Phytomyza
Phytomyza davisii
Phytomyza davisii is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. The species was described by Walton in 1912, originally placed in the genus Agromyza. It is distributed in Canada and the United States. Beyond basic taxonomic and geographic information, specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.
leafminer Agromyzidae North-America poorly-known
Phytomyza erigeronis
Phytomyza erigeronis is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described in 2018 by Eiseman and Lonsdale. It belongs to a large genus of flies whose larvae feed internally within plant leaves, creating distinctive serpentine mines. The specific epithet suggests an association with Erigeron (fleabane) host plants, though detailed life history information remains limited. As a recently described species, much of its biology awaits documentation.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera recently-described
Phytomyza eriodictyi
Phytomyza eriodictyi is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1981. As a member of the genus Phytomyza, it likely shares the characteristic larval habit of feeding within leaf tissue, creating distinctive serpentine mines. The specific epithet 'eriodictyi' suggests an association with Eriodictyon, a genus of flowering plants in the waterleaf family (Hydrophyllaceae) native to western North America.
leafminer Agromyzidae Phytomyza western-North-America Eriodictyon Diptera herbivore endoparasitoid-herbivore
Phytomyza fricki
Phytomyza fricki is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Griffiths in 1974. As a member of the genus Phytomyza, it shares the characteristic larval habit of feeding within leaf tissue, creating visible mines. The specific host associations and biology of this species have not been well documented in available literature. It is distinct from the more commonly referenced native holly leafminer (Phytomyza ilicicola) and the invasive allium leafminer (Phytomyza gymnostoma).
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytomyza undocumented-biology
Phytomyza hatfieldae
Phytomyza hatfieldae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described in 2018. Like other Phytomyza species, it likely produces serpentine leaf mines on host plants. The species is closely related to and potentially confused with the native holly leafminer (Phytomyza ilicicola), from which it may be distinguished by host plant associations and subtle morphological differences.
leafminer agromyzidae diptera holly Ilex serpentine-mine
Phytomyza krygeri
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Europe Scandinavia
Phytomyza lactuca
Phytomyza lactuca is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Frost in 1924. The specific epithet 'lactuca' suggests an association with lettuce (Lactuca), indicating likely host specialization on plants in this genus. As a member of the large genus Phytomyza, it shares the typical agromyzid biology of larvae that feed internally in leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines. Very little specific biological information has been published for this species.
Agromyzidae leafminer Phytomyza Diptera
Phytomyza nemophilae
Phytomyza nemophilae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2019. The specific epithet 'nemophilae' indicates an association with plants in the genus Nemophila. As a member of the genus Phytomyza, it likely produces serpentine or blotch mines in leaf tissue during larval development, though direct observations of this species remain limited in the provided sources.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Phytomyza
Phytomyza nepetae
Phytomyza nepetae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Hendel in 1922. As a member of the genus Phytomyza, it shares the characteristic biology of internal leaf-feeding larvae that create distinctive mines within host plant foliage. The specific epithet 'nepetae' suggests an association with Nepeta (catmint) species, though detailed host records are limited. Distribution records indicate presence in the northeastern United States, including Vermont.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytomyza Nepeta Vermont North-America Lamiaceae internal-feeder serpentine-mine
Phytomyza pastinacae
Phytomyza pastinacae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. The species develops as a larva within the leaves of plants in the Apiaceae family, creating internal feeding galleries. It has been recorded across Europe, North America, and the Caucasus region.
leafminer Apiaceae agromyzid serpentine-mine parsnip hogweed angelica
Phytomyza pedicularicaulis
A species of agromyzid leaf-mining fly described by Spencer in 1969. Belongs to the genus Phytomyza, a diverse group of flies whose larvae feed within living plant tissue, creating distinctive mines in leaves. The specific epithet "pedicularicaulis" suggests an association with plants in the genus Pedicularis (louseworts), though this host relationship has not been verified in the available sources.
leafminer agromyzid Phytomyza Diptera 1969-description
Phytomyza penstemonis
Phytomyza penstemonis is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. The species is recorded from the United States. As a member of the genus Phytomyza, it likely produces serpentine leaf mines in host plant foliage, though specific details regarding its biology and host associations remain poorly documented in the available literature.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytomyza United-States
Phytomyza persicae
Phytomyza persicae is a species of leaf-miner fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Frick in 1954. As a member of the genus Phytomyza, it likely produces characteristic serpentine or blotch mines in host plant leaves during larval development. The species epithet 'persicae' suggests an association with Prunus persica (peach) or related plants, though specific host records require verification. Like other agromyzid leafminers, adults are small flies that oviposit into leaf tissue and larvae feed internally between leaf surfaces.
leafminer agromyzid North-America
Phytomyza plantaginis
Plantain leafminer
Phytomyza plantaginis is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. It is notable as the second documented case of parthenogenetic reproduction (thelytoky) in its family. Populations in Australia exhibit variation in sex ratio, with some areas having only females and others maintaining bisexual populations with female-biased ratios. The species is associated with Plantago host plants.
leafminer parthenogenesis thelytoky sex-ratio-variation Wolbachia Plantago agromyzid Diptera
Phytomyza plumiseta
Phytomyza plumiseta is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. The species was described by Frost in 1924. It is one of many Phytomyza species that create serpentine mines in plant leaves. The genus Phytomyza contains numerous leafminer species, many of which are specialists on particular host plants.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytomyza
Phytomyza prava
Phytomyza prava is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. It belongs to a large genus of flies whose larvae create distinctive feeding galleries within plant leaves. The species is accepted in taxonomic databases but detailed biological information specific to this species is not readily available in the provided sources.
leafminer Diptera Agromyzidae Phytomyza
Phytomyza sempervirentis
English Holly Leafminer
Phytomyza sempervirentis is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. The species was described in 2018 and is associated with Ilex species, including English holly (Ilex aquifolium). Larvae create serpentine mines within holly leaves, feeding between the upper and lower epidermis. Adults are small black flies that emerge in spring to coincide with the production of tender new leaves.
leafminer holly Ilex Agromyzidae Phytomyza Diptera invasive-species-associate ornamental-pest
Phytomyza tarnwoodensis
Phytomyza tarnwoodensis is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described from Vermont, USA in 2018. The species is known from limited collection records and appears to be associated with woody plants. Like other Phytomyza species, it likely produces serpentine or blotch mines in leaves during larval development. The specific epithet references the type locality.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Vermont 2018-description poorly-known-species North-America
Phytomyza tiarellae
Phytomyza tiarellae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Griffiths in 1972. It belongs to a genus of flies whose larvae feed within plant tissues, creating distinctive mines in leaves. The specific epithet suggests an association with plants in the genus Tiarella. As a member of the Agromyzidae, it shares the family's characteristic larval habit of feeding between leaf epidermal layers.
leafminer agromyzidae phytomyza tiarella foamflower
Phytomyza tigris
Phytomyza tigris is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described in 2018 by Eiseman and Lonsdale. As a member of the genus Phytomyza, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-mining larval behavior typical of this diverse group of flies. The species has been recorded from Vermont, United States. Like other Phytomyza species, it probably develops within leaf tissue, with larvae creating distinctive feeding galleries between the upper and lower leaf surfaces.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Vermont United-States recently-described-species
Phytomyza triostevena
Phytomyza triostevena is a recently described leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, first recognized as a distinct species by Eiseman & Lonsdale in 2021. It was previously conflated with the native holly leafminer Phytomyza ilicicola, from which it has been taxonomically separated based on morphological and biological distinctions. The species develops as a larva within leaves of its host plant, creating serpentine mines between the upper and lower epidermal layers. Its life cycle and host associations appear similar to those of related holly-feeding Phytomyza species, though specific details remain under investigation due to its recent description.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera new-species 2021 Phytomyza Eiseman Lonsdale Triosteum horse-gentian-leafminer taxonomic-split Phytomyza-ilicicola-complex
Phytomyza vomitoriae
Ilex vomitoria leafminer
A leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae that creates serpentine mines in leaves of yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria). Larvae feed internally between leaf surfaces, producing distinctive winding trails visible on the leaf exterior. Adults are small black flies that emerge in spring to coincide with new leaf growth. The species is closely related to Phytomyza ilicicola, which mines American holly (Ilex opaca).
leafminer Agromyzidae Ilex-vomitoria yaupon-holly serpentine-mine specialist-herbivore phenological-synchronization southeastern-US-endemic
Phytomyza wiggii
Phytomyza wiggii is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Lonsdale & Scheffer in 2011. It belongs to a genus of flies whose larvae create distinctive serpentine mines within leaf tissue. The species is closely related to P. lineata, with which it has been synonymized in some taxonomic databases. Like other Phytomyza species, it likely completes its larval development within host plant leaves, though specific host associations for this particular species remain undocumented in the available literature.
leafminer Agromyzidae Diptera Phytomyza North-America
Phytomyza ziziae
Phytomyza ziziae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described in 2018 from specimens in Vermont, United States. It belongs to a genus whose larvae create distinctive serpentine mines within leaves. The specific epithet references Zizia, a genus of North American plants in the carrot family (Apiaceae), suggesting a potential host association. As a recently described species, detailed natural history information remains limited.
leafminer agromyzidae diptera vermont north-america recently-described 2018
Stigmella
pygmy leaf-mining moths
Stigmella is a large genus of minute moths in the family Nepticulidae, commonly known as pygmy leaf-mining moths. Adults typically measure 2–6 mm in wingspan, making them among the smallest Lepidoptera. The genus is characterized by larvae that feed internally in leaf mines of diverse host plants. Many species exhibit narrow host specificity, with individual species restricted to particular plant genera or families. Stigmella contains hundreds of described species distributed across temperate and tropical regions worldwide.
leafminer microlepidoptera host-specialist invasive-potential forest-insect orchard-pest
Stigmella ceanothi
Stigmella ceanothi is a pygmy moth in the family Nepticulidae, first described by Braun in 1910 under the name Nepticula ceanothi. The species is endemic to California, United States, where it develops as a leafminer on host plants in the genus Ceanothus. Like other Stigmella species, the larvae feed internally within leaves, creating characteristic mines. The moth belongs to a large genus of minute leafmining moths that are ecologically significant as specialists on particular host plant genera.
leafminer endemic California Ceanothus Nepticulidae specialist-herbivore
Stigmella intermedia
pygmy leaf-mining moth
Stigmella intermedia is a minute pygmy moth in the family Nepticulidae, characterized by a wingspan of only 3–3.5 mm. The species is known from the Nearctic region, with records from Ohio, Arkansas, Kentucky, Ontario, and Vermont. It is a specialist leafminer whose larvae feed on sumac species (Rhus typhina and Rhus aromatica), creating distinctive linear mines with broad blackish frass lines. The species typically produces two generations per year, with larvae maturing in July and overwintering, though occasionally a third generation occurs.
leafminer sumac microlepidoptera Nearctic specialist-herbivore pygmy-moth Nepticulidae bivoltine Rhus Stigmella
Stigmella multispicata
Stigmella multispicata is a pygmy moth in the family Nepticulidae, native to East Asia and invasive in eastern North America. It was first described from a single male holotype from Primorye, Russia in 2014, and subsequently identified as an established invasive species in North America through DNA barcoding that matched specimens from Beijing, China with adults found in the United States. The species is a leafminer specializing on Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), distinguished by morphological features including a white collar, entirely dark antennae, and in females an elongated narrow ovipositor adapted for oviposition in hairy leaf vein axils. It is the only Ulmus-feeding nepticulid in North America with green larvae. First detected in North America around 2010, the species has since spread to ten US states and two Canadian provinces.
leafminer invasive-species Siberian-elm Nepticulidae DNA-barcoding urban-entomology
Stigmella slingerlandella
Slingerland's Plum Leafminer Moth, Plum Leaf Miner
Stigmella slingerlandella is a microlepidopteran moth in the family Nepticulidae, commonly known as the plum leaf miner. The species was described by Kearfott in 1908 and named in honor of Mark Vernon Slingerland. It is a specialist leafminer on Prunus species, with larvae creating distinctive mines that begin as narrow linear tunnels before expanding into irregular blotches. The species occurs in eastern North America, where it can be a minor pest of plum and cherry cultivation.
leafminer microlepidoptera Prunus-specialist Nearctic Nepticulidae orchard-pest
Stigmella undescribed-species-on-alnus
An undescribed species of pygmy moth in the genus Stigmella, recognized by its association with alder (Alnus) as a host plant. The species has been documented as a leafminer on alder but has not yet received a formal scientific name. As a member of the Nepticulidae, it is part of a diverse family of minute moths whose larvae create distinctive mines in leaves.
leafminer undescribed alder Nepticulidae pygmy-moth Stigmella Alnus unpublished-name informal-designation
Stigmella undescribed-species-on-mahonia
An undescribed species of pygmy moth in the genus Stigmella (family Nepticulidae) known to occur on Mahonia plants. Like other Stigmella species, it is presumed to be a leaf-mining specialist, though formal description and detailed biological study are pending. The species has been documented sufficiently to recognize its distinctness from described taxa but awaits taxonomic formalization.
leafminer pygmy-moth undescribed-species Mahonia Berberidaceae Nepticulidae Stigmella
Stigmella undescribed-species-on-rhus-aromatica
This is a putative undescribed species in the genus Stigmella, family Nepticulidae, associated with the host plant Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac). No formal description exists in the scientific literature. The species has been proposed based on host association with this sumac species, but remains unconfirmed pending taxonomic study.
undescribed putative-species Nepticulidae leafminer Rhus
Stilbosis ostryaeella
ironwood leafminer moth, ironwood leafminer
Stilbosis ostryaeella is a small moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. Its larvae are leafminers specialized on ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), creating distinctive blotch mines between leaf veins. The species is distributed across eastern North America, with adults active from late spring through summer. It overwinters as a pupa in leaf litter.
leafminer specialist ironwood blotch-mine forest-pest Cosmopterigidae Lepidoptera North-America Ostrya-virginiana endophagous univoltine pupal-diapause
Sumitrosis
Sumitrosis is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, containing at least 60 described species. The genus was established by Butte in 1969 and belongs to the subfamily Cassidinae (tortoise beetles and allies) and tribe Chalepini. One species, Sumitrosis rosea, has been documented as a leafminer on soybean crops, indicating potential agricultural significance for certain members of the genus.
leaf-beetles Cassidinae Chalepini agricultural-pest leafminer Neotropical
Zaeucoila
Zaeucoila is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Figitidae, established by Ashmead in 1903. Species within this genus are endoparasitoids of leaf-mining flies in the family Agromyzidae (Diptera), including significant agricultural pests such as Liriomyza sativae. The genus has undergone systematic revision to clarify species identities and document host associations. Developmental studies indicate complete immature stages require approximately 22 days, with distinct morphological changes between larval instars.
parasitoid endoparasitoid biological-control leafminer Agromyzidae Figitidae Hymenoptera
Zagrammosoma
tattooed wasps
Zagrammosoma is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, commonly known as tattooed wasps. The genus contains 26 recognized species worldwide and is morphologically distinct from the related genus Cirrospilus. Members are parasitoids of leaf-mining insect larvae, primarily in the orders Lepidoptera and Diptera, with some species also attacking Hymenoptera leafminers. Several species have been documented as biological control agents for agricultural pests.
parasitoid biological-control leafminer agricultural-pest-management Eulophidae Hymenoptera