Leafminer
Guides
Agromyza alnivora
alder leafminer fly
Agromyza alnivora is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. The species is associated with alder (Alnus) as its host plant, as indicated by its specific epithet. Like other members of the genus, the larvae create serpentine or blotch mines within leaf tissue. The species is documented from North America.
Agromyza frontella
alfalfa blotch leafminer
Agromyza frontella, the alfalfa blotch leafminer, is a small dipteran leafminer in the family Agromyzidae. Native to Europe, it has become an established agricultural pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in North America, particularly in Canada and the northern United States. Larvae feed between leaf surfaces, creating distinctive blotch-shaped mines. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in daily activity patterns, with males most active during cooler morning and evening periods while females feed and oviposit throughout the day. It has been subject to classical biological control using the introduced parasitoid Dacnusa dryas.
Anarsioses
Anarsioses is a genus of leafmining moths in the family Gracillariidae, established by Davis in 2019 to accommodate the species formerly known as Phyllonorycter aberrans. The genus was separated from Phyllonorycter based on distinctive morphological and molecular evidence, particularly the unusual asymmetry of the male genitalia and differences in larval biology. It is currently monotypic, containing only the type species Anarsioses aberrans.
Anarsioses aberrans
A small leafmining moth in the family Gracillariidae, originally described from North America in 1930. The species was transferred between multiple genera before molecular and morphological studies established its placement in the new genus Anarsioses, distinguished from related Phyllonorycter by asymmetrical male genitalia and distinct larval biology.
Antispila nysaefoliella
Tupelo Leafminer Moth
Antispila nysaefoliella is a leafmining moth in the family Heliozelidae. Larvae feed exclusively on black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica), creating mines in leaves. The species is notable for producing distinct seismic signals during feeding and locomotion. Adults are small with a wingspan of approximately 8 mm and are active in spring.
Argyresthia canadensis
Canadian arborvitae leafminer, cedar leafminer
Argyresthia canadensis is a small moth in the family Argyresthiidae, commonly known as the Canadian arborvitae leafminer or cedar leafminer. The species is found in North America and has a single generation per year. Larvae are specialized leafminers of Thuja occidentalis (northern white-cedar), feeding between the layers of needle tissue.
Argyresthia thuiella
arborvitae leafminer, thuja mining moth, American thuja shoot moth
Argyresthia thuiella is a micro-moth in the family Argyresthiidae, commonly known as the arborvitae leafminer. Native to North America, it has been introduced to Europe multiple times since 1971. The species develops one generation annually, with larvae mining the foliage and twigs of Thuja and Chamaecyparis species. Adults are active from May to July and have a wingspan of approximately 8 mm.
Aspilanta oinophylla
Aspilanta oinophylla is a minute leafmining moth in the family Heliozelidae, native to eastern North America and introduced to Italy where it has become a pest of commercial vineyards. It is the type species of the genus Aspilanta, erected in 2020 for Nearctic heliozelids with reduced wing venation previously placed in Antispila. The larvae feed as leaf miners on Vitaceae, particularly grapevines, and cut characteristic shield-shaped pupal cases from their host leaves.
Aspilanta viticordifoliella
Aspilanta viticordifoliella is a small leafmining moth in the family Heliozelidae, originally described as Antispila viticordifoliella by Clemens in 1860 and transferred to the new genus Aspilanta in 2020 based on phylogenetic analysis. The species is characterized by reduced wing venation and distinctive silvery forewing markings without an apical spot. Its larvae are specialized leaf miners on Vitaceae host plants.
Aspilanta voraginella
Aspilanta voraginella is a small moth in the family Heliozelidae, originally described by Annette Frances Braun in 1927 and transferred from Antispila to the new genus Aspilanta based on reduced wing venation and phylogenetic evidence. Adults have a wingspan of 4.7–5.4 mm. The species is found in the southwestern United States, where its larvae are gregarious leaf miners on Vitis arizonica.
Bedellia
morning-glory leaf miner
Bedellia is the sole genus of the family Bedelliidae, a group of small, narrow-winged moths. Most authorities recognize Bedelliidae as a distinct family, though some classifications treat it as the subfamily Bedelliinae within Lyonetiidae. The genus contains several species, with Bedellia somnulentella (the sweet potato leafminer) being the most economically significant. This species is an invasive pest of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and related Convolvulaceae, with larvae feeding as leafminers in the leaf mesophyll.
Bedelliidae
Bedelliidae is a small family of microlepidoptera containing the single genus Bedellia. These narrow-winged moths were previously classified within Lyonetiidae. The family is best known for the sweet potato leafminer Bedellia somnulentella, an invasive agricultural pest that feeds on Convolvulaceae.
Cameraria caryaefoliella
Pecan Leafminer Moth
Cameraria caryaefoliella is a microlepidopteran leafminer moth in the family Gracillariidae. The species is known from eastern North America, with records from Ontario and Quebec in Canada and multiple states across the eastern and central United States. Larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines. Adults are active across multiple generations annually.
Cameraria cincinnatiella
Gregarious Oak Leafminer Moth
Cameraria cincinnatiella is a small leaf-mining moth in the family Gracillariidae, commonly known as the gregarious oak leafminer moth. The species was described by Chambers in 1871 and is native to eastern and central North America. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 15 mm. Larvae are specialized feeders on Quercus (oak) species, creating distinctive mines in leaves.
Chrysocharis
Chrysocharis is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species are primarily larval parasitoids of leafmining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and casebearing moths (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae). The genus has been studied for biological control applications, particularly against agricultural pests such as Liriomyza leafminers and the larch casebearer. At least 18 species occur in North America north of Mexico, with additional diversity in Europe and the Oriental region.
Cirrospilus
Cirrospilus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Species within this genus are primarily ectoparasitoids of leaf-mining insects, particularly gracillariid moths such as the citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella). Several species have been investigated and employed as biological control agents against agricultural pests, with notable examples including C. ingenuus, C. diallus, C. pictus, and C. coachellae. The genus exhibits variation in host specificity, fecundity, and developmental rates influenced by temperature and host stage.
Coleotechnites gibsonella
common juniper leafminer
Coleotechnites gibsonella is a small gelechiid moth commonly known as the common juniper leafminer. It is restricted to northeastern North America where its larvae are specialized feeders on common juniper. The species is notable for its distinctive larval behavior of mining and binding juniper needles with silk to create protected feeding chambers.
Coleotechnites thujaella
brown arborvitae leafminer, brown cedar leafminer
Coleotechnites thujaella is a small gelechiid moth commonly known as the brown arborvitae leafminer or brown cedar leafminer. It occurs in northeastern North America, where its larvae feed internally on Thuja foliage. The species is recognized by its distinctive wing pattern of black triangular costal patches and paired black dots on cream-white forewings. Adults have a wingspan of 9–10 mm and are active in a single annual generation.
Coptodisca
Coptodisca is a genus of small moths in the family Heliozelidae, established by Walsingham in 1895. Species are leafminers whose larvae feed internally on leaves of woody plants, creating distinctive blotch mines. Several species have become invasive pests in Europe, particularly C. lucifluella and C. juglandiella on walnut (Juglans) and related trees. The genus is native to the Nearctic region with approximately 20 described species.
Coptodisca cercocarpella
curl-leaf mountain mahogany leafminer
Coptodisca cercocarpella is a small moth in the family Heliozelidae, described by Annette Frances Braun in 1925. It is known as the curl-leaf mountain mahogany leafminer, indicating its association with mountain mahogany plants (Cercocarpus). The species occurs in western North America, with records from Arizona, California, Utah, and Colorado. As a leafminer, its larvae feed within leaf tissue, creating distinctive feeding patterns.
Coptodisca juglandiella
Walnut Shield-bearer
Coptodisca juglandiella is a Nearctic leafminer moth in the family Heliozelidae, first described by Chambers in 1874. Native to North America, it was discovered in Hungary in 2019 as a new invasive species for Europe. The larvae feed internally on walnut leaves, creating distinctive blotch mines. Unlike its congener C. lucifluella, it has not undergone a host plant shift since introduction to Europe.
Diglyphus
Diglyphus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species are larval ectoparasitoids of leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and some Lepidoptera leafminers. Several species, particularly D. isaea and D. begini, are commercially used for biological control of agricultural leafminer pests in greenhouses and field crops. The genus contains at least 15 European species, with additional species described from Asia and North America.
Diglyphus websteri
Diglyphus websteri is a tiny parasitoid wasp in the family Eulophidae. It belongs to a genus known for biological control of leafmining insects. The species has been documented in laboratory settings for parasitoid research.
Entedoninae
Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.
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Etainia is a genus of minute moths in the family Nepticulidae, established by Beirne in 1945. It was formerly treated as a subgenus of Ectoedemia but has been elevated to generic status. The genus contains species distributed across North America and Europe, with larvae that are leafminers and stem borers on woody plants. At least two native North American species are known, including Etainia thoraceleuca, which feeds on Ericaceae.
Etainia thoraceleuca
Etainia thoraceleuca is a North American moth in the family Nepticulidae, described in 2024 as the second native American species in the genus. It is known from light-collected adults across California, Arizona, and Ontario, Canada. The species is a specialist feeder on Ericaceae, with larvae making short leafmines on Arbutus and Arctostaphylos species before continuing development in stems and branches. It is sister to the European species E. albibimaculella.
Fenusa dohrnii
European alder leafminer
Fenusa dohrnii is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the European alder leafminer. The species is native to Europe and has been introduced to North America, with records from Canada. As a leafminer, its larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines on alder leaves.
Fenusa pumila
birch leafminer, Birch Leafminer Sawfly
Fenusa pumila is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the birch leafminer. Native to Europe, it has been introduced to North America where it has become established. The species is a specialist leaf-mining herbivore on birch trees, with larvae feeding internally within leaf tissue. In North America, populations may complete two to four generations annually, with adult emergence triggered by accumulated growing degree-days.
Fenusa ulmi
elm leafminer
Fenusa ulmi is a sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae whose larvae mine leaves of elm trees (Ulmus spp.). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to North America where it functions as a pest of ornamental and nursery elms. The species shows strong host specificity, with European elm taxa being most susceptible to damage. Adult emergence and oviposition are tightly synchronized with host leafing phenology, enabling degree-day modeling for monitoring and prediction.
Fomoria pteliaeella
Wafer Ash Leafminer Moth
Fomoria pteliaeella is a minute nepticulid moth native to the eastern United States. Adults are active during summer months with two generations per year. The species is a specialist leafminer, with larvae feeding exclusively on Ptelea trifoliata (wafer ash). Larval mines are initially contorted and indistinct, becoming more visible as they develop.
Gronotoma
Gronotoma is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Figitidae (subfamily Eucoilinae). Species within this genus are primarily known as parasitoids of leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae), with documented hosts including Liriomyza trifolii, L. huidobrensis, L. sativae, L. bryoniae, Melanagromyza tomaterae, and Japanagromyza tokunagai. Several species, particularly G. micromorpha, have been extensively studied for their potential as biological control agents in agricultural systems. The genus exhibits thelytokous parthenogenesis in at least some species and shows flexibility in host stage utilization.
Halticoptera
Halticoptera is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Pteromalidae. Species in this genus are koinobiont endoparasitoids of agromyzid leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae). They have been investigated as biological control agents for leafminer pests, though host suitability varies significantly between indigenous and invasive host species.
Hemiptarsenus
Hemiptarsenus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species in this genus are primarily known as larval parasitoids of leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae), with some species also attacking Lepidopteran hosts. The genus has been studied extensively for its potential in biological control of agricultural pests, particularly leafminers affecting vegetable crops. Multiple species have been described from Asia, with new species continuing to be discovered in China.
Heterarthrus
Heterarthrus is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae. Species occur in Eurasia and North America. The genus includes leafmining species that feed on trees in the family Betulaceae. Heterarthrus vagans, a Palaearctic species, has been introduced to southwestern British Columbia, Canada, where it mines leaves of native red alder.
Keiferia glochinella
eggplant leafminer moth
Keiferia glochinella, known as the eggplant leafminer moth, is a small gelechiid moth native to the southwestern United States. Adults are grayish with variable mottling. The species is notable for its larval leaf-mining behavior on Solanum carolinense. Misidentifications have led to false records outside its confirmed western range.
Leucanthiza dircella
Leucanthiza dircella is a microlepidopteran species in the family Gracillariidae. It is the sole known leafminer of Dirca palustris (leatherwood), with larvae forming mines in the leaves of this host plant. The species has been documented across northeastern North America and California, with a univoltine life cycle in northern Michigan. Multiple parasitoid wasp species in the families Braconidae and Eulophidae attack this moth.
Liriomyza archboldi
Liriomyza archboldi is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Frost in 1962. The genus Liriomyza includes numerous leafminer species, some of which are significant agricultural pests. However, specific biological and ecological information for L. archboldi is not well documented in the available literature. The species is distinguished from congeners by morphological features typical of the genus.
Liriomyza arctii
Burdock Leafminer
A small leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. The species is known by the common name Burdock Leafminer and has been recorded from Vermont and other parts of the United States. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, it is presumed to feed on plant tissues as larvae, creating characteristic mines within leaves.
Liriomyza asclepiadis
Liriomyza asclepiadis is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it belongs to a group of flies whose larvae create characteristic feeding tunnels (mines) within leaf tissue. The species epithet "asclepiadis" suggests an association with plants in the family Apocynaceae (milkweeds), though specific host records remain limited. It is known from northeastern North America.
Liriomyza avicenniae
Liriomyza avicenniae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described from material associated with Avicennia (mangrove) hosts. The species epithet reflects this host association. As with other Liriomyza species, the larvae likely produce serpentine or blotch mines within leaf tissue. The species was described in 2002 and appears to have a restricted distribution tied to mangrove ecosystems.
Liriomyza baptisiae
Liriomyza baptisiae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Frost in 1931. It is native to the United States. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, the larvae likely feed within leaf tissue, creating characteristic mines. The specific epithet "baptisiae" suggests a possible association with plants in the genus Baptisia (Fabaceae), though this host relationship requires confirmation.
Liriomyza carphephori
Liriomyza carphephori is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman, Lonsdale & Feldman in 2019. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it belongs to a group known for larvae that tunnel between leaf surfaces, creating distinctive mines. The species was described relatively recently and specific details about its biology remain limited.
Liriomyza commelinae
Liriomyza commelinae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, first described by Frost in 1931. The species is associated with Commelina plants (dayflowers) and has been studied primarily for its role in supporting parasitoid populations that also attack the economically important pest Liriomyza huidobrensis. Research indicates it experiences high mortality rates (over 96%) from parasitoids, predatory ants, and competition-related factors. Its distribution includes Florida, the broader Neotropical region, and parts of Brazil.
Liriomyza cracentis
Liriomyza cracentis is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Lonsdale in 2017. The genus Liriomyza contains numerous economically important leafminer species that damage agricultural crops by creating tunnels in leaf tissue. As a relatively recently described species, detailed biological information for L. cracentis remains limited. The species has been recorded from Vermont, United States.
Liriomyza eupatorii
Liriomyza eupatorii is a leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Johann Heinrich Kaltenbach in 1874. The species occurs in Europe and is known for its larvae creating mines in leaves of plants in the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families. Host plants include hemp-agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum), various hemp-nettles (Galeopsis species), sunflowers (Helianthus), and European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea), among others.
Liriomyza euphorbiella
Liriomyza euphorbiella is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2019. The specific epithet suggests an association with plants in the genus Euphorbia. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it belongs to a group of flies whose larvae create distinctive mines within leaf tissue. The species is recognized as valid and accepted in taxonomic databases.
Liriomyza fricki
Liriomyza fricki is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1965. It is a member of a genus containing numerous economically significant agricultural pests, though specific information about this particular species is limited. The species is recorded from the United States, with distribution records from Vermont. Like other Liriomyza species, it likely has a life cycle involving larval mining of leaf tissue, but species-specific biological details have not been documented in available sources.
Liriomyza galiivora
Liriomyza galiivora is a species of leafminer fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Spencer in 1969. As a member of the genus Liriomyza, it shares the characteristic larval behavior of mining within leaf tissue between the upper and lower epidermis. The specific epithet "galiivora" suggests an association with Galium (bedstraw) as a host plant, though detailed biological studies remain limited. The species has been recorded in Sweden and Vermont, USA, indicating a Holarctic distribution pattern.
Liriomyza garryae
Liriomyza garryae is a species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2019. The species epithet 'garryae' suggests an association with plants of the genus Garrya. Like other members of the genus Liriomyza, this species likely produces larvae that feed within leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines. The species is currently known from limited records, with 9 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Liriomyza hypopolymnia
Liriomyza hypopolymnia is a leafminer fly species in the family Agromyzidae, described by Eiseman and Lonsdale in 2021. It belongs to a genus containing numerous economically important leafminer pests, though specific information about this particular species remains limited. The genus Liriomyza is characterized by larvae that feed between leaf surfaces, creating visible mines that impair plant photosynthesis.