Intraguild-predation

Guides

• Anthocoris nemorum

  Common Flowerbug

  Anthocoris nemorum is a predatory anthocorid bug native to Europe, commonly known as the common flowerbug. It is an important biological control agent in orchards and agricultural systems, preying on aphids, psyllids, mites, and other small arthropods. The species exhibits distinct oviposition preferences, laying eggs primarily on apple leaves near leaf margins, and shows preference for damaged leaves over healthy ones. Multiple generations occur annually, with adults overwintering and reproducing in spring.

  predatorbiocontrolorchardanthocoridaphid-predatorEuropeoviposition-behaviorsearching-behaviordeciduous-treesmultiple-generationsoverwintering-adultintraguild-predationapplepeargreenhouse-whiteflysycamore-aphidpear-psyllaScotlandKentBelgium

• Ceraeochrysa cincta

  Ceraeochrysa cincta is a green lacewing species in the family Chrysopidae, distributed across the Americas from North America through the Caribbean to South America. Laboratory studies demonstrate its potential as a biological control agent, with larvae showing instar-specific predatory preferences on prey eggs. Populations in southeast Brazilian agroecosystems exhibit high genetic diversity with broad gene flow across different crop systems. The species produces non-pedunculated infertile eggs in later generations under laboratory conditions, a trait relevant to mass rearing programs.

  green-lacewingtrash-carrierbiological-controlagroecosystempredatorChrysopidaeNeuropteraBrazilgenetic-diversitymass-rearingintegrated-pest-managementintraguild-predationoviposition-behaviorCeraeochrysaCeraeochrysa-cincta

• Cesonia

  Cesonia is a genus of ground spiders in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1893. The genus contains 31 species distributed across North America, the Caribbean, and parts of the Mediterranean. Despite their common name as "ground spiders," many species are frequently found on vegetation and in arboreal habitats. Cesonia bilineata, the type species, has been documented engaging in predation on spiderlings of other spider species.

  spiderground-spiderGnaphosidaepredatorintraguild-predationarborealNorth-AmericaCaribbean

• Coccinella septempunctata

  seven-spot ladybird, seven-spotted ladybug, seven-spotted lady beetle, C-7

  Coccinella septempunctata is a predatory lady beetle native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, now widely established in North America following intentional introduction for biological control. Adults measure 6.5–7.8 mm with distinctive red elytra bearing seven black spots. The species is among the most extensively studied coccinellids due to its importance in aphid biocontrol and its invasive success in new ranges. It completes up to five generations annually with a six-week development cycle from egg to adult.

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integration-comparison-analyticalless-integrated-DcPV-speculation-tentativenewer-older-post-navigation-interfaceAtom-comment-subscription-technicalEric-Eaton-2009-indoor-insects-series-contextHarmonia-axyridis-Halloween-designation-seasonalOctober-abundance-pattern-temporalbrown-marmorated-stink-bug-parallel-invasiverepeated-introduction-history-1916-1988accidental-planned-introduction-uncertainty-debaterange-expansion-current-status-widespreadvariable-color-pattern-identification-challenge-diagnosticeighteen-nineteen-spot-typical-rangeorange-spotless-black-two-spot-extremes-variationnative-species-confusion-potential-misidentificationsheer-abundance-identification-clue-diagnosticcircumstantial-displacement-evidence-suggestiveC-7-greater-displacement-suggestion-comparativeindoor-overwintering-nuisance-behavior-seasonalstate-agriculture-extension-call-volume-impactno-agency-fault-clarification-responsibilitynuisance-pest-odor-stain-characteristicno-indoor-breeding-feeding-fact-biologicalfat-reserve-winter-metabolism-physiologicalpersistent-bite-report-curiosity-explanation-behavioralinvestigation-behavior-not-attack-motivationreflex-bleeding-defense-mechanism-chemicalyellow-fluid-knee-joint-secretion-anatomicalawful-smell-stain-potential-chemical-propertyprevention-weatherstripping-screening-sealing-practicalvacuum-release-outdoor-relocation-managementwoodpile-sheltered-situation-suggestion-habitatpale-color-attraction-evidence-visualwhite-gray-yellow-building-preference-chromaticShanda-warm-sunny-day-bite-experience-anecdotalair-filled-flying-behavior-descriptiveland-bite-aggravation-characterization-subjectivestorage-area-height-preference-observation-anecdotalShelly-Cox-cooler-wetter-year-reduction-correlationhusband-bug-spray-intolerance-contrast-humorousLost-Ladybug-Project-participation-mention-citizen-sciencenative-species-down-data-anticipation-concernthree-species-frequency-order-observationalmulticolored-Asian-seven-spotted-polished-abundance-ranking9-spotted-elusive-ongoing-search-rarityEric-Eaton-series-value-appreciation-feedbackJosh-Cassidy-award-notification-recognitionDeep-Look-nature-Oscar-equivalent-metaphoranimal-behavior-short-form-first-place-achievementinnovative-illuminating-judging-criteria-qualitative750-entries-30-countries-competition-scale150-member-judging-team-compositionSeptember-30-ceremony-announcement-dateGrettenberger-garden-aphid-abundance-filming-locationCOVID-garage-filming-adaptation-pandemicGrettenberger-parasitoid-development-footage-contributionYouTube-comment-praise-selection-socialphenomenal-channel-epic-biologically-significant-acclaimwildlife-biology-Ohio-University-background-educationmarine-mammal-research-pursuit-prior-interestscience-natural-history-filmmaking-training-specializationDeep-Look-team-long-term-membership-careerexcellent-work-innovative-fascinating-reputation-professionalWestern-Washington-biology-bachelor-educationPennsylvania-State-entomology-doctorate-educationJanuary-2019-UC-Davis-faculty-employmentfield-vegetable-crop-focus-researchintegrated-pest-management-application-extensionapplied-insect-ecology-emphasis-academicbiological-control-pest-emphasis-researchPests-Natural-Enemies-YouTube-administration-outreachlady-beetle-larva-aphid-predation-popular-contentscoop-chomp-behavioral-description-vivid50%-speed-predation-visualization-technicalpea-aphid-alfalfa-legume-crop-pest-economicJohn-P.-Roche-science-communication-career-professionalauthor-biologist-educator-identity-multi-roleScience-View-Productions-direction-enterpriseHoly-Cross-adjunct-professorship-academic200-article-publication-record-productivityrigorous-science-clear-accessible-dedication-philosophyMichaud-limb-regeneration-research-leadership-academicKansas-State-entomology-professorship-employmentAugust-Annals-publication-datecomplete-metamorphosis-pupal-stage-focus-developmentalLimb-Regeneration-Index-creation-methodology0-1-scale-full-regeneration-indication-metricevolutionary-relatedness-calculation-phylogeneticC.-septempunctata-H.-axyridis-highest-regeneration-observationvirtually-every-species-some-capacity-generalityevolutionary-distance-LRI-difference-trend-patternpupal-development-delay-common-cost-physiologicalnine-of-fourteen-species-significant-statisticalinvasive-wide-range-high-LRI-correlationNorth-American-invasive-20%-higher-than-China-quantitativeHippodamia-variegata-Czech-Egypt-difference-geographicecology-key-factor-conclusion-interpretationinvasive-biologically-different-from-ancestral-evolutionaryaggressive-traits-robust-competitiveness-characteristicecological-dominance-shared-characteristics-traitgenotype-invasion-difference-support-evidencepleiotropy-hypothesis-preference-theoreticaldirect-selection-unlikely-explanation-theoreticalwalking-stick-direct-selection-contrast-comparativelady-beetle-predation-survival-binary-outcome-behaviorallimb-damage-rarity-predation-context-ecologicaldevelopmental-gene-pathway-importance-geneticpupal-activation-gene-upregul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• Dicyphus

  Dicyphus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae containing at least 70 described species. Several species, including D. hesperus, D. hyalinipennis, and D. tamanini, are zoophytophagous predators used in biological control of crop pests. The genus exhibits considerable variation in feeding ecology, with some species being primarily phytophagous while others are important predators of whiteflies, thrips, and other horticultural pests.

  Miridaeplant-bugszoophytophagousbiological-controlpredatorgreenhouse-pest-managementwhitefly-predatorintegrated-pest-managementintraguild-predationinduced-plant-defenses

• Entedoninae

  Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.

  parasitoidbiological-controlgall-associatedleafminer-parasitoidChalcidoideaHymenopteraEulophidaeEntedoninaetropical-forestagricultural-pest-controlsawfly-parasitoidthrips-parasitoidant-associatedrice-pestCecidomyiidaeTenthredinidaePontaniaClosterocerusCeranisusAfronymphaAmetallonChrysonotomyiaOmphale-genus-groupcanopyunderstoreyecological-plasticityBangladeshPanamaAfricaNew-ZealandEuropeSenegalSouth-AfricaDemocratic-Republic-of-the-CongoUgandaendoparasitoidlarval-parasitoidegg-parasitoidhost-specificityforest-habitatdegraded-habitatmid-altitude-rainforestlowland-rainforesttropical-Americaclassical-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlintegrated-pest-managementrice-hispaDicladispa-armigeragall-waspsawfly-gallleafminerant-symbiosisFormicidaeKhaya-senegalensisOchna-pulchramorphological-taxonomymolecular-taxonomy28S-rDNACOICytBnew-species-descriptiongeneric-revisionhost-rangeparasitoid-complexfood-webecosystem-servicenatural-enemypest-managemententomophagoushyperparasitoidinquilinecurculionidApion-minimumPhyllocolpa-leucostictaChrysocharisEntedonAsecodesPleurotroppopsisAfrotroppopsisZaommomentedonApleurotropisKratoysmaPlatocharisSchizocharisParahorismenusAtullyaTropicharisChrysochuriscruymirabilisoryzamyntoreminpashaicarinatumdussiaelongicaudatamachaeriaeunimaculataclavigergorgonaenseauripunctatagalbinalaeviscutaphenacapsiacecvoraelongatapontaniaeheyeririsbecimilletiaenewbyiFörster-1856Chalcidoidea-phylogenybiodiversityspecies-richnesscryptic-speciesmolecular-diagnosticshost-plant-associationhabitat-specificitycanopy-faunaunderstorey-faunaforest-stratificationtropical-biodiversityAfrotropicalNeotropicalPalaearcticNearcticOrientalAustralasianPacificHolarcticbiogeographytaxonomic-revisionannotated-keycataloguetype-specimenmuseum-collectionslide-mounted-specimensmorphometricsgenitaliawing-venationantennaeclypeusmandiblesmalar-spacescapepedicelflagellumgastervertexsuturecolor-patternpale-femoradark-gastersexual-dimorphismmalefemaleovipositoremergencerearingquarantinefield-collectionforeign-explorationaugmentative-releasepesticide-resistancesustainable-agriculturefood-securityrice-productioncereal-pestvegetable-pestfruit-pestornamental-pestforest-pesturban-pestinvasive-speciesnative-rangeintroduced-rangeestablishmentspreadimpactnon-target-effectshost-specificityrisk-assessmentenvironmental-safetyregulatory-approvalresearch-symposiumproceedingspeer-reviewedZootaxaZooKeysInsect-Systematics-&-EvolutionAustralian-Journal-of-EntomologyFar-Eastern-EntomologistRussian-Entomological-JournalBelgian-Journal-of-EntomologyFlorida-EntomologistPan-Pacific-EntomologistEntomological-NewsProceedings-of-the-Hawaiian-Entomological-SocietyTransactions-of-the-American-Entomological-SocietyJournal-of-Natural-HistoryZoological-Journal-of-the-Linnean-SocietyBioControlJournal-of-Economic-EntomologyEntomologia-Experimentalis-et-ApplicataEnvironmental-EntomologyOecologiaCladisticsMolecular-Phylogenetics-and-EvolutionHeredityCanadian-EntomologistProceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-WashingtonAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaBulletin-of-Entomological-ResearchNeotropical-EntomologyJournal-of-Asia-Pacific-EntomologyTurkish-Journal-of-ZoologyPolish-Journal-of-EntomologyNorth-Western-Journal-of-ZoologyEntomologica-AmericanaEntomologische-BerichtenSahlbergiaDugesianaActa-Zoologica-LilloanaFolia-Entomologica-MexicanaRevista-de-la-Sociedad-Entomologica-ArgentinaBoletin-de-la-Asociacion-Espanola-de-EntomologiaEntomologicheskoe-ObozrenieEntomological-ReviewZoological-Institute-RASProceedings-of-the-Zoological-Institute-of-the-Russian-Academy-of-SciencesTaiwan-Agricultural-Research-InstituteCouncil-of-AgricultureUniversity-of-CaliforniaRiversideEntomology-Research-MuseumCalifornia-Department-of-Food-and-AgriculturePierce's-Disease-Control-Programbiological-control-programintegrated-pest-management-programresearch-progress-reportannual-summarytechnical-reportsymposium-proceedingsconference-abstractposter-presentationinvited-papermonographbook-chapteridentification-guideillustrated-keyannotated-cataloguetype-materialvoucher-specimencollection-curationtaxonomysystematicsphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingspecies-complexsibling-speciesspecies-boundariesgeographic-variationpopulation-geneticsgene-flowreproductive-isolationhost-racebiotypestrainlaboratory-rearinginsectarymass-productionreleasemonitoringimpact-assessmentefficacyeconomic-evaluationcost-benefit-analysisfarmer-adoptionextensioneducationpolicyregulationinternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingtrainingworkshopfield-daydemonstrationon-farm-researchparticipatory-researchfarmer-field-schoolsustainable-intensificationagroecologyconservation-biological-controlhabitat-managementfloral-resourcesrefugebuffer-zonelandscape-complexityconnectivityspillovernatural-enemy-diversityfood-web-structuretrophic-interactionsmultitrophicindirect-effectstrait-mediateddensity-dependentinverse-density-dependentfunctional-responsenumerical-responsesearching-efficiencyhandling-tim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• Exapion ulicis

  Gorse Seed Weevil

  Exapion ulicis is a small seed-feeding weevil specialized on gorse (Ulex europaeus). Adults are light gray with a prominent snout roughly half the body length. The species is native to western Europe and has been introduced to New Zealand, California, Hawaii, and other regions as a biological control agent targeting invasive gorse populations. Larval feeding destroys seeds within pods, reducing plant spread, while adult feeding on stems and spines causes minor damage.

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rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set

• Jalysus

  stilt bugs

  Jalysus is a genus of stilt bugs in the family Berytidae, comprising approximately 12 described species. These insects are characterized by their exceptionally long, slender legs and antennae. Species within this genus exhibit diverse feeding habits, ranging from generalist herbivores to omnivores that consume both plant material and small arthropod prey. Some species are significant agricultural pests, particularly of tomatoes, while others serve as biological control agents by preying on pest eggs and soft-bodied insects.

  stilt-bugBerytidaeomnivoreagricultural-pestbiological-controltomato-pesttobacco-insectintraguild-predation

• Jalysus wickhami

  Spined Stilt Bug

  Jalysus wickhami, commonly known as the spined stilt bug, is a species of stilt bug in the family Berytidae. It is the most common stilt bug in the eastern United States and has been documented from gardens and meadows. The species exhibits omnivorous feeding habits, consuming plant juices from legumes, grasses, and tomato plants, as well as preying on insect eggs and parasitoid prepupae. It has been studied for its role in biological control and its potential negative impacts through intraguild predation on beneficial parasitoids.

  predatoromnivorebiological-controlintraguild-predationagricultural-pestbeneficial-insect

• Metaltella simoni

  South American Toothed Hacklemesh Weaver

  Metaltella simoni is a small hacklemesh weaver spider native to South America (Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil), introduced to North America through human commerce. First recorded in Louisiana in 1944, it has become established in the southeastern United States and coastal southern California, with subsequent records in Canada. The species builds sheet webs with a retreat and exhibits distinctive behaviors including leaving the retreat when threatened, which increases vulnerability to predation.

  spiderintroduced-specieshacklemesh-weaveraraneophagyintraguild-predationSouth-AmericaNorth-Americaurban-ecology

• Metzneria paucipunctella

  spotted knapweed seed head moth

  Metzneria paucipunctella is a gelechiid moth introduced from Europe to North America as a biological control agent against spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). Adults are small, narrow-bodied moths approximately 8 mm long with brownish-gray coloration, light speckling, and large recurved antennae. Females deposit eggs at the base of knapweed flower heads, where larvae burrow inside to feed on developing seeds and florets. Larvae are small white grubs with dark heads that overwinter within seed heads and pupate the following spring. The species has been established across much of the western United States since its introduction in 1980.

  biological-controlinvasive-species-managementseed-predatorGelechiidaeknapweedintraguild-predation

• Philodromus cespitum

  Turf Running Spider, Running Crab Spider

  Philodromus cespitum is a small running crab spider in the family Philodromidae, widely distributed across the Holarctic region. It is the dominant spider species in Central European fruit orchards, where it functions as an important biological control agent. Males measure 3.5–5.0 mm, females approximately 5.3 mm. Body coloration is variable, typically in shades of brown or yellow with spotted patterns. The species exhibits distinctive reproductive biology including male courtship tapping behavior and the use of genital plugs during copulation.

  spiderPhilodromidaebiological-controlorchard-pest-managementHolarcticrunning-crab-spidergenital-plugsexual-selectioninsecticide-resistanceendosymbiontagroecologyambush-predatorintraguild-predationcircadian-rhythmspecies-complexparthenogenesis-absentsexual-reproduction-only

• Phytoseiidae

  predatory mites

  Phytoseiidae is a large family of predatory mites in the order Mesostigmata, comprising over 2,700 described species across 90 genera and three subfamilies (Amblyseiinae, Phytoseiinae, and Typhlodrominae). These mites are primarily recognized for their role as biological control agents against agricultural pests, particularly spider mites (Tetranychidae), thrips, and other small arthropods. Their effectiveness in integrated pest management programs has driven substantial research interest, with species such as Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus, and Amblyseius swirskii among the most widely studied and commercially deployed predatory mites.

  biological-controlpredatory-mitesintegrated-pest-managementagricultural-acarologyspider-mite-predatorspollen-feedingintraguild-predationWolbachiaaugmentative-biocontrolconservation-biological-controldomatiaglandular-trichomespesticide-compatibilitymass-rearingTetranychidaeThysanopteraMesostigmatacrop-protectionsustainable-agriculturemite-ecology

• Propylea

  fourteen-spotted lady beetles

  Propylea is a genus of small lady beetles (Coccinellidae) containing four recognized species. The most widely known member, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata, is native to the Palearctic region and has become invasive in North America. Propylea japonica is an important biological control agent in Chinese agroecosystems, where it preys on aphids, whiteflies, and other soft-bodied pests. Species in this genus exhibit complex behaviors including selective foraging, intraguild predation, and mating-related dietary shifts.

  ColeopteraCoccinellidaebiological-controlaphid-predatoragricultural-pest-managementintraguild-predationinvasive-species

• Pterostichus stygicus

  Woodland ground beetle

  Pterostichus stygicus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, native to North America. It inhabits deciduous forest floor environments where it functions as a generalist predator. The species has been studied for its competitive interactions and intraguild predation relationships with centipedes, particularly Scolopocryptops sexspinosus.

  Carabidaeground-beetlepredatorforest-floorNorth-Americaintraguild-predationcompetition

• Scolopocryptopidae

  Scolopocryptopid Centipedes

  Scolopocryptopidae is a family of blind centipedes in the order Scolopendromorpha, comprising more than 90 species. The family is distinguished from all other centipedes by having exactly 23 pairs of legs—a fixed trait that contrasts with the variable leg counts in other families. Members are eyeless and possess a distinctive gizzard with kinked, pineapple-shaped sieve projections. The family is most diverse in the Neotropical realm, with four recognized subfamilies: Ectonocryptopinae, Kethopinae, Newportiinae, and Scolopocryptopinae.

  centipedeblindtroglobite23-legsgizzardintraguild-predationNeotropicalforest-floorcave-dwellingNewportiaScolopocryptops

• Zelus renardii

  leaf hopper assassin bug, sundew assassin bug

  Zelus renardii is a medium to large assassin bug native to western North and Central America that has become a successful global invader. The species is diurnal and employs a distinctive predatory strategy using sticky secretions from glandular setae on its forelegs to capture prey, earning it the common name 'sundew assassin bug.' It has been introduced to the Mediterranean basin, Pacific islands, Hawaii, Chile, Argentina, and Easter Island, primarily through human-mediated transport of nursery plants. The species is considered for biological control of agricultural pests but its generalist predatory habits create complex trophic interactions.

  invasive-speciesbiological-controlsticky-trap-predatorgeneralist-predatorintraguild-predationHarpactorinaeNearctic-originMediterranean-expansionurban-adapteragricultural-predatorsemiochemical-communicationalarm-pheromone