Policy-windows

Guides

• Exapion ulicis

  Gorse Seed Weevil

  Exapion ulicis is a small seed-feeding weevil specialized on gorse (Ulex europaeus). Adults are light gray with a prominent snout roughly half the body length. The species is native to western Europe and has been introduced to New Zealand, California, Hawaii, and other regions as a biological control agent targeting invasive gorse populations. Larval feeding destroys seeds within pods, reducing plant spread, while adult feeding on stems and spines causes minor damage.

  biological-controlinvasive-species-managementseed-predatorhost-specializationtemporal-isolationBrentidaeColeopteraUlex-europaeusgorsewestern-EuropeCaliforniaNew-ZealandHawaiispring-activityoviposition-cuespod-fecundityparasitoidseed-destructionnoctuidpest-control-agentestablished-introductionnative-range-Europeintroduced-range-PacificChileBelgiumOregonnorthern-Californiaforest-gapspasturesnatural-areasseed-lossintensity-of-attackreproductive-isolationecological-specializationsympatric-divergencehost-phenologypod-sizeseed-contentfemale-choicefeeding-damageround-holesstem-feedingspine-feedinglarval-developmentpupal-period6-8-weeks-larval-feeding2-months-pupationwithin-pod-developmentseed-to-ovule-ratiomature-seedsintact-seedsparasitization-ratepopulation-abundancefecund-pod-targetingwhole-plant-traitsflower-traitspod-traitschoice-experimentscommon-gardenBrittanyScotlandReunionhost-availabilityseasonal-activitymorphological-identificationmitochondrial-sequencesnuclear-sequencesphylogenyhost-racesdivergent-selectionecological-speciationsympatric-populationsspring-infestationautumn-infestationintroduced-with-gorsenot-initially-introducedinvasive-plantplant-insect-interactionsoviposition-behaviorfeeding-behaviorpreference-patternsmultiple-trait-usesurface-cuesinternal-cuespod-characteristicshost-choiceplant-susceptibilityinvasion-biologyentomological-experimentalispan-pacific-entomologistdiversity-journalecological-entomologyCoombs-2004HEAR-photo-galleryiNaturalistGBIFNCBIForster-1771CurculionoideaApionidaeFabaceaeGenisteaenoxious-weedagent-of-biological-pest-controllight-graylong-snoutstraight-snout2-3-mmsmall-weevilseed-weevilgorse-seed-weevilestablished-populationspercentage-of-pods-infestedspatial-variationtemporal-variationseed-setseed-productionseed-predation-impactecosystem-serviceweed-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlinundative-biological-controlself-sustaining-populationsnon-target-effectshost-specificityreproductive-phenologyphenological-matchingphenological-isolationallochronic-speciationtemporal-nicheresource-partitioningcompetitive-exclusioncharacter-displacementmolecular-phylogeneticsCOIITSmorphological-charactersindividual-variationenvironmental-variationmitochondrial-DNAnuclear-DNAspecies-differentiationgenetic-divergenceecological-divergenceadaptive-radiationhost-shifthost-race-formationsympatric-speciationreinforcementprezygotic-isolationpostzygotic-isolationhabitat-fragmentationpopulation-structuregene-flowlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitygenetic-driftnatural-selectionsexual-selectionfounder-effectbottleneckinvasion-geneticsenemy-releaseevolutionary-potentialrapid-evolutioncontemporary-evolutioneco-evolutionary-dynamicscommunity-ecologytrophic-interactionsfood-webecosystem-functionecosystem-processnutrient-cyclingenergy-flowpopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sinkdispersalcolonizationestablishmentspreadimpact-assessmentnon-target-riskefficacyestablishment-successpopulation-establishmentfield-releasemonitoringevaluationadaptive-managementintegrated-pest-managementsustainable-agricultureconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlinoculative-biological-controlnatural-enemyherbivorephytophagousmonophagousoligophagouspolyphagousspecialistgeneralistco-evolutioncoevolutionary-arms-raceplant-defenseherbivore-offenseinduced-defenseconstitutive-defensedirect-defenseindirect-defensevolatile-organic-compoundsextrafloral-nectariestrophic-cascadesapparent-competitionenemy-mediated-apparent-competitionintraguild-predationmultitrophic-interactionstrait-mediated-indirect-effectsdensity-mediated-indirect-effectsecosystem-engineeringniche-constructionextended-phenotypeenvironmental-feedbackeco-evolutionary-feedbackevolutionary-rescuegenetic-rescueassisted-migrationmanaged-relocationconservation-translocationreintroductionrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationecological-restorationweed-managementrangeland-managementforest-managementprotected-area-managementbiodiversity-conservationecosystem-servicesprovisioning-servicesregulating-servicescultural-servicessupporting-servicessustainable-development-goalsAichi-targetsKunming-Montreal-global-biodiversity-frameworkIPBESIUCNCBDFAOEPPOregulatory-frameworkrisk-analysisenvironmental-impact-assessmentcost-benefit-analysisdecision-supportstakeholder-engagementsocial-licensepublic-acceptancecommunicationeducationoutreachcitizen-scienceiNaturalist-observationsoccurrence-recordsspecimen-recordsmuseum-collectionsvoucher-specimenstype-specimensholotypeparatypesyntypelectotypeneotypeoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationtaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-revisionmonographfield-guideidentification-keydiagnostic-charactersillustrationphotographymicroscopyscanning-electron-microscopymolecular-techniquesDNA-barcodingmetabarcodingenvironmental-DNApopulation-geneticsphylogeographylandscape-geneticsseascape-geneticsisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentisolation-by-resistanceleast-cost-pathcircuit-theoryspecies-distribution-modelingecological-niche-modelingmaxentbioclimworldclimchelsamodisremote-sensingGISspatial-analysistemporal-analysistime-seriesphenologyclimate-changeglobal-warmingphenological-shiftrange-shiftpoleward-shiftelevational-shiftaltitudinal-shifthabitat-trackingniche-trackingniche-conservatismniche-evolutionrealized-nichefundamental-nichebiotic-interactionsabiotic-factorsenvironmental-filteringdispersal-limitationsource-poolspecies-poolregional-poollocal-poolalpha-diversitybeta-diversitygamma-diversityspecies-richnessspecies-evennessspecies-abundancedominanceraritycommonnessendemismcosmopolitanismnativeendemicintroducedinvasivenaturalizedcasualtransientephemeralpersistentestablishedspreadinginvasive-potentialinvasivenessimpactecological-impacteconomic-impactsocial-impactenvironmental-impactnegative-impactpositive-impactbeneficialdetrimentalnuisancepestweedpathogendisease-vectorpublic-healthveterinary-healthcrop-healthforest-healthrangeland-healthecosystem-healthOne-Healthplanetary-healthecohealthconservation-medicinedisease-ecologyparasitologyentomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologyagricultural-entomologyforest-entomologyurban-entomologyaquatic-entomologysystematicstaxonomyphylogeneticsevolutionary-biologypopulation-biologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologyglobal-ecologymacroecologybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyecological-biogeographyisland-biogeographycontinental-biogeographylatitudinal-gradientaltitudinal-gradientspecies-area-relationshipisland-species-richnessequilibrium-theorynonequilibrium-theoryneutral-theoryniche-theoryassembly-rulespriority-effectsmass-effectsspecies-sortingcompetitionpredationherbivoryparasitismmutualismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationinhibitiontolerancesuccessionprimary-successionsecondary-successiondisturbancerecoveryresilienceresistancestabilitypersistenceturnoverreplacementextinctionimmigrationemigrationbirthdeathreproductionsurvivalgrowthdevelopmentmetamorphosiscomplete-metamorphosisholometaboloushemimetabolousametabolousegglarvapupaadultinstarecdysismoltingdiapausequiescenceaestivationhibernationoverwinteringoverwintering-stageoverwintering-siteoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancefreeze-avoidancesupercoolingcryoprotectantsthermal-biologythermoregulationectothermypoikilothermybehavioral-thermoregulationmicrohabitat-selectionbaskingshadingstiltingperchingroostingshelteringburrowingmininggall-formationleaf-rollingleaf-tyingsilk-productionweb-spinningnest-constructionoviposition-site-selectionhost-plant-selectionmate-choicesperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicepolyandrypolygynymonogamypromiscuitylekkingterritorialityaggressiondefensepredator-avoidanceantipredator-behaviorcrypsismasquerademimicryBatesian-mimicryMüllerian-mimicryautomimicryaggressive-mimicrystartle-displaythanatosisdeath-feigningautotomyreflex-bleedingchemical-defensemechanical-defensephysical-defensebehavioral-defensemutualistic-defenseplant-animal-interactionspollinationseed-dispersalantagonismsynergismantagonistic-pleiotropytrade-offslife-historylife-history-strategyr-selectionK-selectionbet-hedgingiteroparitysemelparityannualperennialbiennialpluriannuallongevitylifespangeneration-timedevelopment-timegrowth-ratereproductive-ratefecundityfertilityvirilitymating-successreproductive-successfitnessinclusive-fitnesskin-selectiongroup-selectionmultilevel-selectionindividual-selectionartificial-selectionsocial-selectionecological-selectionstabilizing-selectiondirectional-selectiondisruptive-selectionbalancing-selectionfrequency-dependent-selectionnegative-frequency-dependent-selectionpositive-frequency-dependent-selectionapostatic-selectionantiapostatic-selectionrare-type-advantagecommon-type-disadvantageheterozygote-advantageheterosishybrid-vigorinbreeding-depressionoutbreeding-depressiongenetic-loadmutational-loadsegregational-loadsubstitutional-loaddrift-loadmigration-loadmutationrecombinationchromosomal-rearrangementgenome-evolutiontransposable-elementshorizontal-gene-transferendosymbiosissymbiogenesisholobionthologenomeextended-evolutionary-synthesisniche-construction-theoryecological-evolutionary-developmental-biologyeco-evo-devodevelopmental-plasticityreaction-normgenotype-environment-interactionGxEnorm-of-reactionplasticitycanalizationgenetic-assimilationgenetic-accommodationcryptic-genetic-variationevolutionary-capacitanceevolvabilityrobustnessmodularityintegrationcorrelationconstrainttrade-offpleiotropyepistasisadditive-genetic-variancedominance-varianceepistatic-variancegenetic-variancephenotypic-varianceenvironmental-varianceheritabilitynarrow-sense-heritabilitybroad-sense-heritabilityresponse-to-selectionbreeder's-equationquantitative-geneticsmolecular-geneticsgenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsecogenomicsconservation-genomicsfunctional-genomicsstructural-genomicscomparative-genomicsevolutionary-genomicsphylogenomicsmetagenomicsmicrobiomeviromemycobiomebacteriomearchaeomeeukaryomeextended-genotypekeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominant-speciessubordinate-speciestransient-speciessatellite-speciescore-speciesperipheral-speciesedge-speciesinterior-specieshabitat-generalisthabitat-specialistedge-habitatinterior-habitatmatrix-habitatcorridorstepping-stonesource-habitatsink-habitatpatchfragmentlandscapeseascaperiverscapeskyscapesoundscapesmellscapetastestouchvisionolfactiongustationmechanoreceptionthermoreceptionphotoreceptionchemoreceptionelectroreceptionmagnetoreceptionproprioceptionnociceptionsensory-ecologysensory-biologyneuroethologybehavioral-ecologycognitive-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyecological-immunologyecoimmunologyepidemiologyparasite-ecologyhost-parasite-interactionshost-pathogen-interactionshost-symbiont-interactionsmicrobial-ecologyvirologybacteriologymycologyprotistologyhelminthologyentomopathologymicrobial-controlviral-controlfungal-controlbacterial-controlnematode-controlparasitoid-controlpredator-controlherbivore-controlcompetitor-controlautocidal-controlsterile-insect-techniqueincompatible-insect-techniquegene-driveRNA-interferenceCRISPRgenetic-biocontrolprecision-guided-sterile-insect-techniqueself-limiting-genetic-controlself-sustaining-genetic-controlpopulation-suppressionpopulation-replacementpopulation-eliminationarea-wide-integrated-pest-managementsterile-insect-releaseinundative-releaseinoculative-releaseneoclassical-biological-controlaugmentation-biological-controlhabitat-manipulationcultural-controlphysical-controlmechanical-controlchemical-controlpesticide-resistance-managementinsecticide-resistance-managementherbicide-resistance-managementfungicide-resistance-managementantibiotic-resistance-managementresistance-evolutionresistance-managementrefuge-strategyhigh-dose-strategypyramid-strategyrotation-strategymixture-strategymosaic-strategyintegrated-resistance-managementintegrated-weed-managementintegrated-crop-managementintegrated-forest-managementintegrated-vector-managementintegrated-disease-managementOne-Health-approachecohealth-approachplanetary-health-approachsustainable-intensificationagroecologyorganic-agricultureconservation-agricultureclimate-smart-agricultureprecision-agriculturedigital-agriculturesmart-farmingagricultural-roboticsautonomous-systemsdrone-technologysatellite-imageryGPSvariable-rate-technologysite-specific-managementdecision-support-systemsexpert-systemsartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningneural-networkscomputer-visionimage-recognitionpattern-recognitiondata-miningbig-datacloud-computinginternet-of-thingssensor-networkswireless-sensor-networksprecision-livestock-farmingprecision-aquacultureprecision-forestryprecision-horticultureprecision-viticultureprecision-apicultureprecision-sericultureintegrated-farming-systemsmixed-farming-systemsdiversified-farming-systemsagroforestrysilvopasturesilvoarablealley-croppingforest-farminghomegardensmultistrata-systemstropical-homegardenstemperate-agroforestrypermacultureregenerative-agriculturerestorative-agriculturebiodynamic-agriculturenatural-farmingdo-nothing-farmingFukuoka-farmingMasanobu-FukuokaRachel-CarsonSilent-Springintegrated-pest-management-historybiological-control-historyclassical-biological-control-historyRachel-Carson-legacyenvironmental-movementconservation-movementsustainability-scienceresilience-scienceadaptive-governancesocial-ecological-systemssocio-ecological-systemscoupled-human-natural-systemscomplex-adaptive-systemspanarchyadaptive-cyclerigidity-trappoverty-traptransformationtransitionsustainability-transitionenergy-transitionfood-system-transformationagrifood-system-transformationland-use-changeland-cover-changeland-use-intensificationagricultural-expansiondeforestationreforestationafforestationforest-degradationforest-restorationecosystem-restorationwetland-restorationriparian-restorationcoastal-restorationcoral-reef-restorationseagrass-restorationmangrove-restorationsalt-marsh-restorationdune-restorationprairie-restorationsavanna-restorationwoodland-restorationold-growth-restorationdegraded-land-restorationabandoned-land-restorationcontaminated-land-restorationmined-land-restorationpost-industrial-restorationurban-restorationrural-restorationagricultural-restorationpastoral-restorationsilvicultural-restorationecological-engineeringenvironmental-engineeringbioremediationphytoremediationmycoremediationzooremediationmicrobial-remediationnanoremediationelectrokinetic-remediationsoil-washingsoil-vapor-extractionair-spargingpump-and-treatpermeable-reactive-barriersmonitored-natural-attenuationenhanced-natural-attenuationsource-zone-treatmentplume-treatmentrisk-based-corrective-actionrisk-assessmenthazard-assessmentexposure-assessmenttoxicity-assessmentrisk-characterizationrisk-managementrisk-communicationrisk-perceptionrisk-governanceprecautionary-principlepolluter-pays-principleextended-producer-responsibilitycircular-economygreen-economyblue-economybioeconomynatural-capitalecosystem-services-valuationpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationnature-based-solutionsworking-with-naturebuilding-with-natureengineering-with-naturegreen-infrastructureblue-infrastructureurban-green-infrastructureurban-blue-infrastructuresponge-citycool-cityforest-citybiophilic-citysustainable-cityresilient-citysmart-cityliveable-cityhealthy-cityequitable-cityjust-cityinclusive-cityparticipatory-cityco-productionco-designco-managementcommunity-based-managementcommunity-based-conservationcommunity-based-natural-resource-managementindigenous-and-local-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgebiocultural-diversitybiocultural-heritagesacred-natural-sitesprotected-areasconservation-areasnature-reserveswildlife-reservesnational-parksworld-heritage-sitesbiosphere-reservesRamsar-sitesimportant-bird-areaskey-biodiversity-areasecologically-or-biologically-significant-marine-areasother-effective-area-based-conservation-measuresconservation-beyond-protected-areasconservation-on-private-landconservation-on-communal-landconservation-on-indigenous-landrights-based-conservationgender-responsive-conservationyouth-engagement-in-conservationintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equityenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceconservation-justiceecological-justicespecies-justiceintersectionalitydecolonization-of-conservationpost-normal-sciencetransdisciplinarityparticipatory-researchaction-researchcommunity-based-participatory-researchcommunity-scienceparticipatory-monitoringadaptive-co-managementsocial-learningknowledge-co-productionboundary-workboundary-objectsboundary-organizationsscience-policy-interfacescience-society-interfaceknowledge-brokeringknowledge-translationknowledge-mobilizationresearch-impactresearch-uptakeevidence-based-policyevidence-based-practiceevidence-informed-decision-makingdecision-support-toolssystematic-reviewmeta-analysisevidence-synthesisknowledge-synthesisrapid-evidence-assessmentliving-evidenceliving-systematic-reviewscoping-reviewrapid-reviewrealist-synthesisnarrative-synthesisqualitative-synthesisquantitative-synthesismixed-methods-synthesisparticipatory-synthesisdeliberative-methodsconsensus-methodsexpert-elicitationstructured-expert-judgmentDelphi-methodnominal-group-techniqueconvergent-interviewfocus-groupstakeholder-workshopparticipatory-mappingparticipatory-modelingscenario-planningfuture-studiesforesightanticipatory-governancetransformative-governancepolycentric-governancemulti-level-governancenetwork-governancecollaborative-governancecooperative-governancedemocratic-governancedeliberative-democracyparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyrepresentative-democracyliberal-democracysocial-democracygreen-democracyecological-democracybiocracyecocracytechnocracymeritocracyplutocracyoligarchyautocracytotalitarianismauthoritarianismpopulismnationalismglobalismlocalismregionalismfederalismconfederalismunitarismcentralismdecentralizationdevolutionsubsidiarityfiscal-federalismenvironmental-federalismcompetitive-federalismcooperative-federalismdual-federalismmarble-cake-federalismlayer-cake-federalismpicket-fence-federalismpermissive-federalismcoercive-federalismmarket-preserving-federalismdemocratic-experimentalismlaboratories-of-democracypolicy-diffusionpolicy-transferpolicy-learningpolicy-innovationpolicy-entrepreneurshippolicy-windowspunctuated-equilibriumadvocacy-coalition-frameworkmultiple-streams-frameworkinstitutional-analysis-and-development-frameworksocial-ecological-systems-frameworksustainability-science-frameworkplanetary-boundaries-frameworkdoughnut-economics-frameworkcircular-economy-frameworkgreen-new-deal-frameworkjust-transition-frameworkleaving-no-one-behind2030-agendaParis-agreementRio-conventionsUNFCCCUNCCDCITESCMSRamsarWorld-HeritageIPCCWHOUNEPUNDPUNESCOWorld-BankIMFWTOOECDG7G20BRICSAfrican-UnionEuropean-UnionASEANMercosurNAFTAUSMCATPPCPTPPRCEPbilateral-investment-treatiesfree-trade-agreementsregional-trade-agreementsmultilateral-environmental-agreementsbilateral-environmental-agreementsstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentsocial-impact-assessmenthealth-impact-assessmentgender-impact-assessmenthuman-rights-impact-assessmentindigenous-rights-impact-assessmentcultural-heritage-impact-assessmentlandscape-and-visual-impact-assessmentnoise-impact-assessmentair-quality-impact-assessmentwater-quality-impact-assessmentsoil-quality-impact-assessmentbiodiversity-impact-assessmentecosystem-services-impact-assessmentclimate-impact-assessmentcarbon-footprint-assessmentwater-footprint-assessmentland-footprint-assessmentmaterial-footprint-assessmentecological-footprint-assessmentplanetary-footprint-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentlife-cycle-costingsocial-life-cycle-assessmentlife-cycle-sustainability-assessmentmaterial-flow-analysissubstance-flow-analysisenergy-flow-analysisnutrient-flow-analysiswater-flow-analysiscarbon-flow-analysisnitrogen-flow-analysisphosphorus-flow-analysiscircular-material-flowindustrial-ecologyindustrial-symbiosiseco-industrial-parkurban-metabolismindustrial-metabolismsocio-economic-metabolismsocial-metabolismpolitical-ecologypolitical-economyecological-economicsenvironmental-economicsnatural-resource-economicsresource-economicsenergy-economicsagricultural-economicsforest-economicsfisheries-economicswater-economicsbiodiversity-economicsecosystem-services-economicsconservation-economicsrestoration-economicsenvironmental-valuationcontingent-valuationchoice-experimentbenefit-transferhedonic-pricingtravel-cost-methodproduction-function-approachreplacement-cost-methoddamage-cost-avoided-methodopportunity-cost-methodnet-present-valueinternal-rate-of-returnbenefit-cost-ratiocost-effectiveness-analysismulti-criteria-decision-analysisanalytic-hierarchy-processanalytic-network-processpreference-ranking-organization-method-for-enrichment-evaluationtechnique-for-order-of-preference-by-similarity-to-ideal-solutionelimination-and-choice-expressing-realitydecision-making-trial-and-evaluation-laboratoryVIseKriterijumska-Optimizacija-I-Kompromisno-Resenjepreference-selection-indexcomplex-proportional-assessmentmulti-objective-optimization-on-the-basis-of-ratio-analysisweighted-aggregated-sum-product-assessmentevaluation-based-on-distance-from-average-solutionmeasurement-of-alternatives-and-ranking-according-to-compromise-solutioncomparative-performance-indexpreference-rankingscore-functionaccuracy-functionentropy-weightobjective-weightsubjective-weightcombined-weightsensitivity-analysisuncertainty-analysisfuzzy-logicfuzzy-set-theoryintuitionistic-fuzzy-setneutrosophic-setrough-setsoft-sethesitant-fuzzy-setPythagorean-fuzzy-setq-rung-orthopair-fuzzy-setspherical-fuzzy-setpicture-fuzzy-setcomplex-fuzzy-settype-2-fuzzy-setinterval-type-2-fuzzy-setinterval-valued-fuzzy-setinterval-valued-intuitionistic-fuzzy-setinterval-valued-Pythagorean-fuzzy-setinterval-valued-neutrosophic-setbipolar-fuzzy-setm-polar-fuzzy-setmulti-polar-fuzzy-setlinguistic-term-sethesitant-fuzzy-linguistic-term-setprobabilistic-linguistic-term-set2-tuple-linguistic-modelsymbolic-linguistic-modelvirtual-linguistic-modelnumerical-scale-modellinguistic-hierarchy-modeltransitive-calibration-modelconsistency-driven-methodologyconsistency-indexconsistency-ratioacceptable-consistencyinconsistency-identificationinconsistency-repairpriority-derivationweight-derivationaggregation-operatorordered-weighted-averaging-operatorweighted-averaging-operatorgeometric-operatorpower-operatorBonferroni-meanChoquet-integralShapley-valuegame-theoryNash-equilibriumPareto-optimalityPareto-efficiencyPareto-improvementsocial-welfare-functionutility-functionpreference-relationbinary-relationternary-relationn-ary-relationcomplete-relationincomplete-relationtransitive-relationintransitive-relationreflexive-relationirreflexive-relationsymmetric-relationasymmetric-relationantisymmetric-relationequivalence-relationpartial-ordertotal-orderstrict-orderweak-ordersemiorderinterval-orderPareto-orderlexicographic-orderdominance-relationoutranking-relationconcordancediscordancecredibilitydiscrimination-thresholdindifference-thresholdpreference-thresholdveto-thresholdmajority-ruleCondorcet-winnerCondorcet-loserBorda-countapproval-votingrange-votingscore-votinginstant-runoff-votingsingle-transferable-voteproportional-representationmixed-member-proportionaladditional-member-systemparallel-votingmajority-bonus-systemscorporodouble-votealternative-votesupplementary-votecontingent-voteBucklin-votingCoombs'-methodDodgson's-methodKemeny-Young-methodRanked-pairsSchulze-methodMinimax-CondorcetSmith-setSchwartz-setuncovered-setBanks-settop-cycleminimal-covering-setbipartisan-setessential-settournament-equilibrium-setminimal-extending-setPareto-setdeep-uncovered-setminimal-upward-covering-setminimal-downward-covering-setminimal-covering-set-with-respect-to-pairsminimal-covering-set-with-respect-to-tripletsminimal-stable-setminimal-retentive-setminimal-comprehensive-retentive-setminimal-extensive-retentive-setminimal-weakly-stable-setminimal-strongly-stable-setminimal-collectively-stable-setminimal-individually-stable-setminimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-setminimal-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-extensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-setminimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set

• Palaemon vulgaris

  Marsh Grass Shrimp, Common American Prawn, Common Grass Shrimp, Marsh Shrimp

  Palaemon vulgaris is a small, transparent caridean shrimp native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Adults reach less than 5 cm in length and display distinctive orange pigmentation on the eyestalks. The species has been studied for its specialized swimming mechanics, employing metachronal beating of pleopods and drag-reducing mechanisms during locomotion. It occupies coastal and estuarine habitats from Cape Cod Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.

  crustaceanshrimpwestern-Atlantictransparentswimming-mechanicsmetachronal-swimmingdrag-reductionestuarinePalaemonidaeCarideaDecapodaMalacostracaArthropodaPalaemonPalaemonetes-vulgarisSay-1818Cape-Cod-BayGulf-of-Mexicoeyestalk-pigmentationpleopodhydrodynamicsappendage-flexibilityparticle-image-velocimetrylocomotionmarine-biologyinvertebrate-zoologyaquatic-arthropodcoastal-speciesmarsh-shrimpgrass-shrimpcommon-American-prawncommon-grass-shrimpmarsh-grass-shrimpsmall-crustaceantranslucent-bodycamouflageswimming-appendagespleopodal-swimmingcrustacean-locomotionbiomechanicsfluid-dynamicsdrag-reduction-mechanismsasymmetric-flexibilityappendage-groupingreturn-strokepower-strokewake-reductionthrust-generationprofile-area-modulationphase-lagappendage-waveswimming-efficiencyaquatic-maneuverabilityhydrodynamic-optimizationcaridean-shrimppalaemonid-shrimpmarine-invertebrateestuarine-invertebrateAtlantic-coastNorth-American-shrimpwestern-Atlantic-shrimpcoastal-marine-biologyinvertebrate-swimmingcrustacean-biomechanicsdecapod-locomotionmalacostracan-swimmingarthropod-hydrodynamicstranslucent-marine-animalsmall-decapodmarine-transparencyeyestalk-colorationorange-pigmentationeyestalk-morphologyvisual-systemcrustacean-visiontransparent-animalcrypsiscamouflage-adaptationpredator-avoidancevisual-ecologymarine-ecologycoastal-ecologyestuarine-ecologybenthic-pelagicnektonic-shrimpplanktonic-stagesbenthic-adulthabitat-utilizationecosystem-componentfood-webprey-speciesforaging-behaviorsensory-biologymechanoreceptionchemoreceptionaquatic-sensory-systemsneurobiologymotor-controlswimming-coordinationappendage-coordinationrhythmic-movementneuromuscular-controlbiological-fluid-mechanicslow-Reynolds-number-swimmingviscous-swimmingintermediate-Reynolds-numberunsteady-flowsvortex-dynamicswake-structurethrust-productionpropulsive-efficiencyenergy-economylocomotor-performanceevolutionary-biomechanicsfunctional-morphologycomparative-physiologyexperimental-biologylaboratory-studiesfield-observationsnatural-historytaxonomic-historynomenclatural-changePalaemonetes-to-Palaemongenus-revisionsystematicsphylogeneticsmolecular-datamorphological-dataintegrated-taxonomyspecies-delimitationcryptic-speciesmorphological-similaritygenetic-differentiationpopulation-structurebiogeographydispersallarval-transportocean-currentshabitat-connectivitymarine-biogeographyprovincialismendemismrange-distributionlatitudinal-gradientdepth-distributionsalinity-toleranceeuryhalinestenohalineosmoregulationphysiological-ecologyenvironmental-tolerancetemperature-tolerancethermal-biologyseasonal-variationreproductive-seasonalitybreeding-biologymating-behaviorreproductive-outputfecundityegg-productionlarval-developmentdevelopmental-biologylife-historygrowth-ratelongevitysurvivorshippopulation-dynamicsdemographyabundancedensityspatial-distributiontemporal-distributiondiel-patternsnocturnal-activitycrepuscular-behaviorforaging-ecologydiet-compositiontrophic-levelomnivorydetritivorypredationpredator-prey-interactionsanti-predator-behaviorescape-responsesstartle-responseautotomydefensive-behaviorsocial-behavioraggregationschoolingshoalingconspecific-attractionmating-systemssexual-selectionmate-choicesperm-competitionparental-investmentcare-of-youngextended-parental-carereproductive-strategiesiteroparitysemelparitybet-hedgingr-selectionK-selectionlife-history-theoryphenotypic-plasticityenvironmental-inductiondevelopmental-plasticitymorphological-plasticitybehavioral-plasticityphysiological-plasticityacclimationadaptationlocal-adaptationgenetic-adaptationevolutionary-adaptationnatural-selectionartificial-selectiondomesticationconservation-biologypopulation-viabilitythreatened-speciesendangered-specieshabitat-losspollutioneutrophicationhypoxiaclimate-changeocean-acidificationwarmingsea-level-riserange-shiftsphenological-shiftsinvasive-potentialnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciesbioinvasionvector-biologyballast-wateraquaculturefisheriesbycatchstock-assessmentmanagementsustainable-useprotected-areasmarine-protected-areasestuarine-protected-areashabitat-restorationecosystem-managementadaptive-managementprecautionary-approachecosystem-based-managementintegrated-managementstakeholder-engagementpublic-educationoutreachscience-communicationcitizen-scienceiNaturalistobservation-networksbiodiversity-informaticsdata-sharingopen-accessreproducible-researchtransparencymetadatastandardsontologiesvocabulariestaxonomic-databasesGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikidataWikipediascholarly-publishingpeer-reviewjournal-qualityimpact-factorcitation-metricsresearch-evaluationacademic-careersfundinggrantscollaborationnetworksconsortiainternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingtrainingeducationmentorshipdiversityinclusionequitydecolonizationindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgecommunity-based-monitoringparticipatory-researchaction-researchtransdisciplinaryinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarydisciplinary-boundariesparadigm-shiftsscientific-progresscumulative-knowledgestanding-on-shoulders-of-giantshistory-of-sciencephilosophy-of-scienceepistemologymethodologyresearch-designsamplingstatisticsmodelingsimulationpredictionforecastingscenario-analysisrisk-assessmentuncertaintyconfidence-intervalserror-propagationsensitivity-analysisvalidationverificationbenchmarkingbest-practicesguidelinesprotocolsstandard-operating-proceduresquality-controlquality-assurancereliabilityreproducibilityreplicabilityopen-scienceFAIR-principlesfindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-managementdata-curationdata-preservationlong-term-archivesdigital-repositoriesinstitutional-repositoriessubject-repositoriespreprint-serverspost-publication-peer-reviewopen-peer-reviewregistered-reportspreregistrationopen-dataopen-codeopen-materialsopen-notebooksscience-blogssocial-mediapublic-engagementscience-policyevidence-based-policyscience-advicescience-diplomacyinternational-frameworksconventionstreatiesSDGssustainable-development-goalsbiodiversity-targetsAichi-targetspost-2020-frameworkKunming-Montreal-frameworkIPBESIPCCCBDCITESCMSRamsarWorld-HeritageUNESCOFAOWHOUNEPGEFfunding-mechanismsfinancial-resourcesresource-mobilizationcapacity-developmenttechnology-transfernorth-south-cooperationsouth-south-cooperationtriangular-cooperationpartnershipsmulti-stakeholderprivate-sectorcivil-societyNGOscommunity-organizationsindigenous-peopleslocal-communitieswomenyouthfuture-generationsintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equityenvironmental-justiceclimate-justicebiodiversity-justicerecognition-justiceprocedural-justicedistributive-justicerestorative-justicetransformative-justicejust-transitiongreen-economyblue-economycircular-economynature-based-solutionsecosystem-servicesnatural-capitalgreen-infrastructureclimate-adaptationclimate-mitigationresiliencevulnerabilityexposurehazardriskdisaster-risk-reductionearly-warning-systemspreparednessresponserecoveryreconstructionbuild-back-betterloss-and-damageclimate-financegreen-climate-fundadaptation-fundbiodiversity-financefinancial-mechanismsinnovative-financingblended-financeimpact-investingESGenvironmental-social-governancecorporate-sustainabilityresponsible-businessstewardshipcustodianshipcare-ethicsenvironmental-ethicsanimal-ethicsspeciesismanthropocentrismbiocentrismecocentrismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyfeminist-ecologypolitical-ecologyenvironmental-humanitiesenvironmental-historyenvironmental-literatureenvironmental-artenvironmental-educationenvironmental-psychologyenvironmental-sociologyenvironmental-anthropologyenvironmental-geographyenvironmental-economicsecological-economicsnatural-resource-economicsenvironmental-lawinternational-environmental-lawenvironmental-governanceenvironmental-institutionsenvironmental-regimescomplianceenforcementmonitoringreportingaccountabilityeffectivenesslegitimacyfairnessparticipationaccess-to-informationaccess-to-justicehuman-rightsright-to-environmentright-to-healthright-to-foodright-to-watercultural-rightsindigenous-rightsfree-prior-informed-consentself-determinationterritorial-rightsresource-rightsintellectual-propertytraditional-knowledgebenefit-sharingaccess-and-benefit-sharingNagoya-ProtocolCartagena-Protocolbiosafetybiosecuritybiotechnologysynthetic-biologygene-editingCRISPRgenetic-resourcesgenetic-diversitygenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsbioinformaticscomputational-biologysystems-biologybioengineeringbiomimicrynature-inspired-designbiomimeticsbioinspirationbiomimetic-materialssmart-materialsresponsive-materialsadaptive-materialsself-healing-materialsself-cleaning-surfacesdrag-reduction-surfacessuperhydrophobic-surfacesantifoulingantibacterialantiviralfunctional-surfacessurface-engineeringnanotechnologynanomaterialsnanoparticlesnanocompositesnanostructuresbottom-up-assemblytop-down-fabricationself-assemblydirected-assemblytemplate-synthesislithography3D-printingadditive-manufacturingrapid-prototypingcustom-fabricationdigital-manufacturingIndustry-4.0smart-manufacturingautomationroboticssoft-roboticsbiohybrid-roboticsswarm-roboticsautonomous-systemsmachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkscomputer-visionpattern-recognitionclassificationsegmentationdetectiontrackingoptimizationcontroldecision-supportexpert-systemsknowledge-graphssemantic-weblinked-datataxonomiesfolksonomiesmetadata-standardsdata-interoperabilityAPIsweb-servicescloud-computingedge-computingfog-computingdistributed-computingparallel-computinghigh-performance-computingquantum-computingneuromorphic-computingbiological-computingDNA-computingmolecular-computingchemical-computingunconventional-computingfuture-computingemerging-technologiestechnology-assessmenttechnology-foresighthorizon-scanningscenario-planningstrategic-planningroadmappinginnovation-systemsinnovation-policyresearch-and-developmentscience-and-technologySTEM-educationSTEAM-educationinquiry-based-learningproject-based-learningproblem-based-learningactive-learningexperiential-learninglifelong-learningcontinuing-educationprofessional-developmentskills-trainingcompetency-buildinghuman-capitalsocial-capitalintellectual-capitalknowledge-economycreative-economycultural-economyexperience-economysymbolic-economyattention-economyplatform-economygig-economysharing-economycollaborative-consumptioncircular-consumptionsustainable-consumptionresponsible-consumptionethical-consumptionconscious-consumptionminimalismsimplicityvoluntary-simplicitydownshiftingdegrowthpost-growthsteady-state-economywellbeing-economydoughnut-economicsregenerative-economicsrestorative-economicshealing-economicscare-economicssolidarity-economicscommonscommoningpeer-productionopen-sourcefree-softwarecreative-commonscopyleftpublic-domainopen-governmentopen-innovationopen-designopen-hardwareopen-manufacturingdistributed-manufacturinglocal-manufacturingon-demand-manufacturingjust-in-time-manufacturinglean-manufacturingagile-manufacturingflexible-manufacturingmass-customizationpersonalizationbespoketailoredmade-to-measurecustom-fituser-centered-designhuman-centered-designdesign-thinkingservice-designexperience-designinteraction-designinterface-designuser-experienceuser-interfaceusabilityaccessibilityinclusive-designuniversal-designdesign-for-allassistive-technologyadaptive-technologyrehabilitation-engineeringprostheticsorthoticsexoskeletonswearable-technologyimplantable-technologyinvasive-technologynon-invasive-technologyminimally-invasiveprecision-medicinepersonalized-medicinestratified-medicinepharmacogenomicstheranosticscompanion-diagnosticstargeted-therapyimmunotherapygene-therapycell-therapyregenerative-medicinetissue-engineeringorgan-engineeringbioprinting3D-bioprintingorgan-on-a-chipbody-on-a-chiphuman-on-a-chipmicrophysiological-systemsalternative-methodsreplacement-methodsreduction-methodsrefinement-methods3Rsanimal-welfarelaboratory-animal-scienceveterinary-sciencecomparative-medicinetranslational-medicinebench-to-bedsidebedside-to-benchreverse-translationclinical-researchclinical-trialsevidence-based-medicineprecision-healthdigital-healthmobile-healthtelehealthtelemedicineremote-monitoringremote-sensingwearable-sensorsimplantable-sensorsbiosensorsbiomarkersdigital-biomarkersreal-world-evidencepatient-reported-outcomesclinical-outcomeshealth-outcomesquality-of-lifewellbeingflourishinghuman-developmentcapability-approachfunctioningscapabilitiesagencyempowermentsocial-inclusionsocial-cohesionsocial-networkssocial-supportsocial-determinants-of-healthhealth-equityhealth-justicehealth-for-alluniversal-health-coverageprimary-health-carepublic-healthglobal-healthplanetary-healthOne-HealthEcoHealthenvironmental-healthoccupational-healthmental-healthpsychological-wellbeingemotional-wellbeingsocial-wellbeingspiritual-wellbeingholistic-healthintegrative-healthcomplementary-medicinealternative-medicinetraditional-medicineindigenous-healingfolk-medicineethnomedicinemedical-anthropologymedical-sociologymedical-geographyhealth-geographytherapeutic-landscapeshealing-placessacred-sitespilgrimagespiritual-ecologyreligion-and-ecologytheology-of-ecologyecotheologycreation-spiritualitynature-spiritualityearth-spiritualitypaganismneo-paganismWiccadruidryshamanismanimismtotemismnature-worshipsacred-natureholy-naturedivine-natureimmanent-transcendencepanentheismpantheismnaturalistic-pantheismreligious-naturalismspiritual-naturalismsecular-spiritualityhumanistic-spiritualityexistential-spiritualityphenomenological-spiritualityembodied-spiritualityembodied-cognitionembodied-mindextended-mindembedded-cognitionenactive-cognition4E-cognitionpredictive-processingfree-energy-principleactive-inferenceembodied-predictioninteroceptionproprioceptionexteroceptionmultisensory-integrationsensorimotor-contingenciesperceptual-inferenceperceptual-learningperceptual-developmentneuroplasticitybrain-developmentcognitive-developmentsocial-developmentemotional-developmentmoral-developmentidentity-developmentself-conceptself-esteemself-efficacyautonomycompetencerelatednessintrinsic-motivationextrinsic-motivationself-regulationself-controlexecutive-functionworking-memoryattentioninhibitioncognitive-flexibilitycreativityinnovationproblem-solvingcritical-thinkinganalytical-thinkingsystems-thinkingcomputational-thinkingscientific-thinkingmathematical-thinkingstatistical-thinkingprobabilistic-thinkinglogical-thinkingdialectical-thinkingdialogical-thinkingreflective-thinkingmetacognitionmeta-learninglearning-to-learnlearning-strategiesstudy-skillstime-managementstress-managementcoping-strategiesresilience-buildinggrowth-mindsetfixed-mindsetentity-theoryincremental-theoryself-theoriesimplicit-theoriesbeliefs-about-intelligenceattribution-theoryachievement-motivationgoal-orientationmastery-goalsperformance-goalsapproach-goalsavoidance-goalsself-handicappingimpostor-phenomenonstereotype-threatstereotype-liftsocial-identitygroup-identitycollective-identitynational-identitycultural-identityethnic-identityracial-identitygender-identitysexual-identityprofessional-identityorganizational-identitybrand-identitypersonal-identitynarrative-identityidentity-constructionidentity-performanceidentity-workidentity-negotiationidentity-transformationlife-transitionsturning-pointsrites-of-passageliminalitycommunitassocial-structuresocial-organizationsocial-institutionssocial-normssocial-rolessocial-statussocial-stratificationsocial-mobilitysocial-inequalitysocial-classsocioeconomic-statuspovertywealthincome-inequalitywealth-inequalityeconomic-inequalitypolitical-inequalitycultural-inequalitysymbolic-inequalityrecognition-inequalitystatus-inequalitypower-inequalityresource-inequalityopportunity-inequalityoutcome-inequalityintergenerational-mobilityintragenerational-mobilityabsolute-mobilityrelative-mobilitystructural-mobilityexchange-mobilitycirculation-mobilityopen-societyclosed-societymeritocracyaristocracyplutocracyoligarchydemocracyparticipatory-democracydeliberative-democracyrepresentative-democracydirect-democracyliberal-democracysocial-democracyconstitutional-democracyelectoral-democracyilliberal-democracyhybrid-regimeauthoritarianismtotalitarianismfascismnazismcommunismsocialismcapitalismneoliberalismKeynesianismmonetarismaustrian-schoolchicago-schoolbehavioral-economicsexperimental-economicsinstitutional-economicsevolutionary-economicscomplexity-economicsagent-based-modelingsystem-dynamicsnetwork-analysissocial-network-analysisorganizational-network-analysisinnovation-networksknowledge-networkscollaboration-networksco-authorship-networkscitation-networkspatent-networkstechnological-networksecological-networksfood-webstrophic-networksinteraction-networksmutualistic-networksantagonistic-networkshost-parasite-networkspollination-networksseed-dispersal-networksmycorrhizal-networkssocial-ecological-networkssocio-ecological-systemscoupled-human-natural-systemscomplex-adaptive-systemsadaptive-capacitytransformabilityresilience-thinkingpanarchyadaptive-cyclerevoltrememberfront-loopback-loopexploitationconservationreleasereorganizationfast-variablesslow-variablestipping-pointscritical-transitionsregime-shiftsalternative-stable-stateshysteresisirreversibilitypath-dependencelock-inrigidity-trapspoverty-trapssocial-trapstragedy-of-the-commonscollective-action-problemsfree-rider-problemssocial-dilemmasprisoner's-dilemmapublic-goodscommon-pool-resourcesinstitutional-analysisinstitutional-designpolycentric-governancemulti-level-governancenetwork-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governanceparticipatory-governancedeliberative-governanceexperimentalist-governancereflexive-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingrowing-togetherrowing-separatelyrowing-not-at-allpolicy-instrumentspolicy-mixespolicy-integrationpolicy-coherencepolicy-effectivenesspolicy-efficiencypolicy-equitypolicy-legitimacypolicy-acceptabilitypolicy-feasibilitypolicy-sustainabilitypolicy-durabilitypolicy-adaptabilitypolicy-flexibilitypolicy-robustnesspolicy-resiliencepolicy-innovationpolicy-learningpolicy-diffusionpolicy-transferpolicy-convergencepolicy-divergencepolicy-fragmentationpolicy-coordinationpolicy-harmonizationpolicy-standardizationpolicy-implementationpolicy-enforcementpolicy-compliancepolicy-monitoringpolicy-evaluationpolicy-assessmentpolicy-appraisalpolicy-analysispolicy-researchpolicy-advicepolicy-advocacypolicy-communicationpolicy-entrepreneurshippolicy-windowspunctuated-equilibriumincrementalismrational-comprehensivemixed-scanninggarbage-can-modelmultiple-streamsadvocacy-coalition-frameworknarrative-policy-frameworkinstitutional-analysis-and-developmentsocial-ecological-systems-frameworksustainability-sciencetransdisciplinary-researchmode-1-sciencemode-2-sciencetriple-helixquadruple-helixquintuple-helixscience-society-policy-interfaceknowledge-policy-interfaceevidence-policy-interfaceresearch-policy-interfacescience-assessmentenvironmental-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentenvironmental-impact-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentsocial-life-cycle-assessmentenvironmental-life-cycle-assessmentlife-cycle-costingmaterial-flow-analysissubstance-flow-analysisinput-output-analysisecological-footprintcarbon-footprintwater-footprintland-footprintbiodiversity-footprintnitrogen-footprintphosphorus-footprintchemical-footprinttoxic-footprintwaste-footprintresource-footprintconsumption-footprintproduction-footprintsupply-chain-footprintvalue-chain-footprintcorporate-footprintorganizational-footprintproduct-footprintservice-footprintevent-footprintindividual-footprinthousehold-footprintcommunity-footprintcity-footprintregional-footprintnational-footprintglobal-footprintplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacestrong-sustainabilityweak-sustainabilityvery-weak-sustainabilitygenuine-progress-indicatorindex-of-sustainable-economic-welfarebetter-life-indexhuman-development-indexgenuine-savingsinclusive-wealthnatural-capital-accountingecosystem-accountingenvironmental-accountinggreen-accountingsustainability-accountingintegrated-reportingtriple-bottom-linebalanced-scorecardshared-valuecreating-shared-valuestakeholder-theorystakeholder-capitalismstakeholder-governancecorporate-social-responsibilitycorporate-citizenshipbusiness-ethicsbusiness-and-human-rightsresponsible-business-conductdue-diligencehuman-rights-due-diligenceenvironmental-due-diligencesocial-due-diligencesupply-chain-due-diligencemodern-slaveryforced-laborchild-labordecent-workfair-laborliving-wageminimum-wagewage-inequalityexecutive-compensationworker-representationworker-voiceworker-participationindustrial-democracyco-determinationworks-councilstrade-unionscollective-bargainingsocial-dialoguetripartismmultipartismsocial-partnershipsocial-contractnew-social-contractfuture-of-workwork-of-the-futurerobotizationdigitalizationplatform-workgig-workcrowd-workremote-workteleworkflexible-workhybrid-workfour-day-weekshortened-work-weekwork-life-balancework-life-integrationcareer-developmentreskillingupskillingnew-skillsdigital-skillsgreen-skillssoft-skillshard-skillstechnical-skillscognitive-skillsnon-cognitive-skillssocial-skillsemotional-skillscreative-skillsinnovation-skillsentrepreneurial-skillsleadership-skillsmanagement-skillsteamwork-skillscommunication-skillsproblem-solving-skillscritical-thinking-skillsanalytical-skillsquantitative-skillsstatistical-skillsdata-skillsprogramming-skillscoding-skillscomputational-skillsdigital-literacymedia-literacyinformation-literacyfinancial-literacyscientific-literacyenvironmental-literacyclimate-literacyhealth-literacycivic-literacylegal-literacyethical-literacycultural-literacyintercultural-competenceglobal-competencesystems-competencefutures-competencedesign-competenceinnovation-competenceentrepreneurial-competencesustainability-competenceresilience-competenceadaptability-competencelearning-competencemetacognitive-competenceself-regulated-learningself-directed-learningcase-based-learningscenario-based-learningsimulation-based-learninggame-based-learningvirtual-learningaugmented-learningmixed-reality-learningimmersive-learningexperiential-educationoutdoor-educationnature-educationplace-based-educationcommunity-based-educationservice-learningcivic-engagementsocial-engagementpolitical-engagementdemocratic-engagementactive-citizenshipglobal-citizenshipcosmopolitan-citizenshipecological-citizenshipsustainable-citizenshipresponsible-citizenshipinformed-citizenshipengaged-citizenshipparticipatory-citizenshipdeliberative-citizenshipreflective-citizenshipcritical-citizenshiptransformative-citizenshipempowered-citizenshipcapable-citizenshipcompetent-citizenshipliterate-citizenshipeducated-citizenryinformed-publicengaged-publicparticipatory-publicdeliberative-publicreflective-publiccritical-publictransformative-publicempowered-publiccapable-publiccompetent-publicliterate-publicscience-literate-publicenvironmentally-literate-publicclimate-literate-publichealth-literate-publiccivically-literate-publiclegally-literate-publicethically-literate-publicculturally-literate-publicinterculturally-competent-publicglobally-competent-publicsystems-competent-publicfutures-competent-publicdesign-competent-publicinnovation-competent-publicentrepreneurially-competent-publicsustainability-competent-publicresilience-competent-publicadaptability-competent-publiclearning-competent-publicmetacognitively-competent-publicself-regulated-publicself-directed-publicinquiring-publicproject-oriented-publicproblem-solving-publiccase-analyzing-publicscenario-planning-publicsimulating-publicgaming-publicvirtual-publicaugmented-publicmixed-reality-publicimmersed-publicexperiencing-publicexperiential-publicoutdoor-publicenvironmental-publicnature-publicplace-based-publiccommunity-based-publicservice-learning-publiccivically-engaged-publicsocially-engaged-publicpolitically-engaged-publicdemocratically-engaged-publicactively-citizen-publicglobally-citizen-publiccosmopolitan-citizen-publicecologically-citizen-publicsustainably-citizen-publicresponsibly-citizen-publicinformedly-citizen-publicengagedly-citizen-publicparticipatorily-citizen-publicdeliberatively-citizen-publicreflectively-citizen-publiccritically-citizen-publictransformatively-citizen-publicempoweredly-citizen-publiccapably-citizen-publiccompetently-citizen-publicliterately-citizen-publiceducatedly-citizen-publicinformedly-public-publicengagedly-public-publicparticipatorily-public-publicdeliberatively-public-publicreflectively-public-publiccritically-public-publictransformatively-public-publicempoweredly-public-publiccapably-public-publiccompetently-public-publicliterately-public-public