Atlantic-coast

Guides

Americorchestia longicornis
Common Atlantic sandhopper
Americorchestia longicornis, the common Atlantic sandhopper, is a beach-dwelling amphipod in the family Talitridae. It inhabits sandy coastal environments along the Atlantic seaboard, where it functions as a detritivore and scavenger. The species is distinguished from similar beach hoppers by its elongated antennae, as reflected in its specific epithet.
crustacean amphipod beach-hopper intertidal Talitridae Atlantic-coast sandhopper detritivore coastal-invertebrate supralittoral
Amphiporeia
Amphiporeia is a genus of gammaridean amphipods in the family Bathyporeiidae, comprising at least three described species: A. gigantea, A. lawrenciana, and A. virginiana. These small crustaceans are characteristic inhabitants of sandy marine and estuarine substrates along the Atlantic coast of North America, where they exhibit specialized burrowing behavior and tidal swimming activity. The genus is notable for pronounced sexual segregation within the sediment, seasonal population fluctuations, and reproductive strategies involving multiple broods per year. Species within Amphiporeia function as important components of benthic food webs, serving as both detritivores and prey for demersal fish.
amphipod benthic marine intertidal sand-burrowing detritivore Atlantic-coast
Amphiporeia virginiana
Amphiporeia virginiana is a sand-burrowing amphipod crustacean described by Shoemaker in 1933. It is a dominant inhabitant of high-energy sandy beaches along the Atlantic coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to South Carolina. The species exhibits distinctive tidal migration behavior, swimming into the water column during flood tides and burrowing into sediments during ebb tides. Females brood eggs and young in a ventral marsupium.
marine intertidal sand-burrowing detritivore tidal-migration Atlantic-coast
Bembidion acticola
Bembidion acticola is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is known from a narrow geographic range along the Atlantic coast of the eastern United States. The species was described by Casey in 1884. Very little ecological or behavioral information has been published for this species.
Carabidae Coleoptera ground-beetle East-Coast United-States Maryland Long-Island Atlantic-coast Casey-1884
Chionodes arenella
Chionodes arenella is a small gelechiid moth native to eastern North America, ranging from Nova Scotia to Virginia. The species has a wingspan of approximately 20 mm and is distinguished by its clay-colored forewings with contrasting pale veins and dark greyish shading. Larvae are specialized stem borers in beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata).
Gelechiidae stem-borer specialist-herbivore coastal dune-ecosystem Ammophila North-America Atlantic-coast
Crangon septemspinosa
sand shrimp, seven-spined bay shrimp
Crangon septemspinosa is a small caridean shrimp distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America from Newfoundland to eastern Florida. Adults reach 7–7.5 cm in length and exhibit sand-colored camouflage. The species is nocturnal, with activity levels and respiration rates increasing at higher temperatures. It occupies diverse marine habitats from intertidal zones to depths of 450 m, including eelgrass beds, salt marshes, and estuaries. Reproductive timing varies geographically: northern populations show bimodal spawning in spring and late autumn, while southern Gulf of St. Lawrence populations reproduce more continuously through spring and summer with reduced autumn activity.
crustacean shrimp nocturnal diel-vertical-migration predator winter-flounder estuarine Atlantic-coast temperature-dependent-growth variable-reproduction
Drasteria graphica
Graphic Moth, Coastal Graphic
Drasteria graphica is a day-flying moth in the family Erebidae, found in coastal dune habitats along the Atlantic seaboard and Great Lakes shores. Adults have a wingspan of 30–35 mm and are active from May to August. The subspecies D. g. atlantica is listed as threatened in Connecticut.
day-flying coastal dunes threatened-subspecies Erebidae Lepidoptera Hudsonia United-States Great-Lakes Atlantic-coast
Hargeria rapax
Hargeria rapax is a small estuarine tanaidacean crustacean endemic to the western Atlantic. Originally described as Leptochelia rapax from Massachusetts in 1879, it was later transferred to the monotypic genus Hargeria based on distinctive male morphological characters. The species exhibits high intraspecific polymorphism and was long considered to have a broad distribution from New England to the Mexican Caribbean, though molecular evidence now supports the recognition of a cryptic sister species, H. chetumalensis, in the southern part of this range.
crustacean tanaidacea estuarine leptocheliidae atlantic-coast cryptic-species high-intraspecific-polymorphism
Languria taedata
lizard beetle
Languria taedata is a polymorphic lizard beetle species distributed along the eastern coast of North America. Adults are dark, elongate beetles measuring 9–11 mm. The species exhibits notable color variation, including a distinctive all-piceous form ('Form C') found primarily along the western Gulf Coast—the first such form documented in the genus. Larvae develop internally within stems of Spartina alterniflora, the smooth cordgrass.
polymorphism salt-marsh Spartina stem-borer Gulf-Coast Atlantic-Coast
Mogoplistidae
Scaly Crickets and Allies
Mogoplistidae is a family of scaly crickets within the superfamily Grylloidea, comprising over 370 species in approximately 30 genera worldwide. The family is considered monophyletic and sister to the true crickets (Gryllidae). Members are distinguished by scales covering the abdomen and parts of the thorax, resembling those of Lepidoptera. The family includes three subfamilies: Mogoplistinae, Malgasiinae (restricted to Madagascar and Indian Ocean islands), and the extinct †Protomogoplistinae known from Burmese amber.
Orthoptera Grylloidea scaly-crickets coastal beach-specialist driftwood-dependent rare-species UK-protected-species Mediterranean Atlantic-coast Madagascar-endemic Burmese-amber-fossil scale-covering Lepidoptera-like-scales omnivorous nocturnal long-ovipositor egg-development-one-year shingle-habitat cobble-beaches strandline-invertebrate conservation-concern beach-cleaning-threat driftwood-burning-threat
Ocypode quadrata
Atlantic Ghost Crab
Ocypode quadrata, the Atlantic Ghost Crab, is the only ghost crab species occurring along the Atlantic coast of the United States. It inhabits sandy beaches from Massachusetts to tropical regions of the Western Atlantic. The species has been demonstrated to possess notable cognitive abilities including operant conditioning, landmark-based wayfinding, and mirror self-recognition. It functions as a predator, scavenger, and deposit-feeder in coastal ecosystems, and is widely used as a bioindicator for sandy beach health.
ghost-crab Atlantic-coast bioindicator cognitive-abilities mirror-self-recognition sandy-beach decapod burrowing-crab
Palaemon vulgaris
Marsh Grass Shrimp, Common American Prawn, Common Grass Shrimp, Marsh Shrimp
Palaemon vulgaris is a small, transparent caridean shrimp native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Adults reach less than 5 cm in length and display distinctive orange pigmentation on the eyestalks. The species has been studied for its specialized swimming mechanics, employing metachronal beating of pleopods and drag-reducing mechanisms during locomotion. It occupies coastal and estuarine habitats from Cape Cod Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.
crustacean shrimp western-Atlantic transparent swimming-mechanics metachronal-swimming drag-reduction estuarine Palaemonidae Caridea Decapoda Malacostraca Arthropoda Palaemon Palaemonetes-vulgaris Say-1818 Cape-Cod-Bay Gulf-of-Mexico eyestalk-pigmentation pleopod hydrodynamics appendage-flexibility particle-image-velocimetry locomotion marine-biology invertebrate-zoology aquatic-arthropod coastal-species marsh-shrimp grass-shrimp common-American-prawn common-grass-shrimp marsh-grass-shrimp small-crustacean translucent-body camouflage swimming-appendages pleopodal-swimming crustacean-locomotion biomechanics fluid-dynamics drag-reduction-mechanisms asymmetric-flexibility appendage-grouping return-stroke power-stroke wake-reduction thrust-generation profile-area-modulation phase-lag appendage-wave swimming-efficiency aquatic-maneuverability hydrodynamic-optimization caridean-shrimp palaemonid-shrimp marine-invertebrate estuarine-invertebrate Atlantic-coast North-American-shrimp western-Atlantic-shrimp coastal-marine-biology invertebrate-swimming crustacean-biomechanics decapod-locomotion malacostracan-swimming arthropod-hydrodynamics translucent-marine-animal small-decapod marine-transparency eyestalk-coloration orange-pigmentation eyestalk-morphology visual-system crustacean-vision transparent-animal crypsis camouflage-adaptation predator-avoidance visual-ecology marine-ecology coastal-ecology estuarine-ecology benthic-pelagic nektonic-shrimp planktonic-stages benthic-adult habitat-utilization ecosystem-component food-web prey-species foraging-behavior sensory-biology mechanoreception chemoreception aquatic-sensory-systems neurobiology motor-control swimming-coordination appendage-coordination rhythmic-movement neuromuscular-control biological-fluid-mechanics low-Reynolds-number-swimming viscous-swimming intermediate-Reynolds-number unsteady-flows vortex-dynamics wake-structure thrust-production propulsive-efficiency energy-economy locomotor-performance 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Poanes aaroni
Aaron's Skipper, Saffron Skipper
Poanes aaroni, commonly known as Aaron's Skipper or the Saffron Skipper, is a North American skipper butterfly restricted to salt marshes along the Atlantic coast. The species exhibits vivid orange coloration with broad black wing borders. It has a highly specialized ecological relationship, with larvae feeding exclusively on smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Four subspecies are currently recognized, reflecting geographic variation across its limited coastal range.
salt-marsh-specialist coastal-endemic monophagous-larva Atlantic-coast
Uca pugnax
Atlantic marsh fiddler crab, mud fiddler crab, Atlantic mud fiddler crab, marsh fiddler crab
Minuca pugnax is a small intertidal crab native to Atlantic coast salt marshes of North America. Males possess one dramatically enlarged yellow claw used for signaling and combat, while females have two small claws. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in body size and coloration. It constructs burrows in muddy substrates and has been observed in both low-marsh and, more recently, high-marsh habitats. Larval development includes five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage before settlement.
crustacean decapod fiddler-crab intertidal salt-marsh sexual-dimorphism ecosystem-engineer Atlantic-coast
Uhlorchestia
beach hoppers
Uhlorchestia is a genus of talitrid amphipods endemic to salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of North America. The genus contains two described species: U. spartinophila and U. uhleri. These amphipods are closely associated with smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and function as detritivores in salt marsh ecosystems. Population studies indicate high turnover rates and year-round reproduction with seasonal peaks.
salt-marsh detritivore Spartina talitrid amphipod intertidal Atlantic-coast
Uhlorchestia uhleri
beach hopper, salt marsh amphipod
Uhlorchestia uhleri is a talitrid amphipod endemic to salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of North America. This semi-terrestrial crustacean is tightly associated with salt marsh vegetation, particularly Spartina grasses, and exhibits morphological adaptations for life in intertidal environments including reduced gills and modified pleopods. The species plays a role as a detritivore in salt marsh ecosystems and serves as prey for marsh predators.
salt-marsh-endemic detritivore semi-terrestrial Spartina-associated Atlantic-coast