Startle-response
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Amorpha juglandis
walnut sphinx
Amorpha juglandis, the walnut sphinx, is the sole species in the monotypic moth genus Amorpha (family Sphingidae). The species is notable for its caterpillar's unique defensive behavior: producing high-pitched whistles by expelling air through specialized abdominal spiracles. This acoustic defense has been experimentally shown to startle avian predators. Adults are nocturnal and active primarily during early night hours.
Palaemon vulgaris
Marsh Grass Shrimp, Common American Prawn, Common Grass Shrimp, Marsh Shrimp
Palaemon vulgaris is a small, transparent caridean shrimp native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Adults reach less than 5 cm in length and display distinctive orange pigmentation on the eyestalks. The species has been studied for its specialized swimming mechanics, employing metachronal beating of pleopods and drag-reducing mechanisms during locomotion. It occupies coastal and estuarine habitats from Cape Cod Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.
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Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.
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teppeprairiepampasveldsavannawoodlandshrublandchaparralmaquisgariguefynboskwonganmalleemulgamogotekarstcavesinkholedolinepoljeuvalaponorspringseepoasiswadiarroyogullyravinecanyongorgevalleydaleglenstrathriftgrabenhorstfaultfoldanticlinesynclinemonoclinedomeplateaumesabutteescarpmentbluffcliffcragtorinselbergbornhardtkopjehillknollmoundridgespursaddlepasscolgapnotchcleftfissurejointbedding-planefoliationlineationcleavageschistositygneissic-bandingmagmalavaigneous-rocksedimentary-rockmetamorphic-rockmineralcrystalgraintexturestructurefabriccompositionchemistrymineralogypetrologygeochemistrygeophysicsgeochronologyradiometric-datingisotopic-datingdendrochronologyvarve-chronologylichenometryarchaeomagnetismpaleomagnetismthermoluminescenceoptically-stimulated-luminescenceelectron-spin-resonancecosmogenic-nuclideexposure-datingburial-datingterrestrial-cosmogenic-nuclidein-situ-cosmogenic-nuclidemeteoric-cosmogenic-nuclidefallout-radionuclidelead-210cesium-137plutoniumamericiumradiocarboncarbon-14calibration-curveintcalmarine-reservoir-effectterrestrial-reservoir-effecthard-water-effectcontaminationpretreatmentcombustiongraphitizationaccelerator-mass-spectrometryliquid-scintillation-countinggas-proportional-countingbeta-countinggamma-spectrometryalpha-spectrometrymass-spectrometryinductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometrythermal-ionization-mass-spectrometrysecondary-ion-mass-spectrometrylaser-ablation-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometryelectron-microprobescanning-electron-microscopytransmission-electron-microscopylight-microscopyconfocal-microscopyfluorescence-microscopypolarizing-microscopyphase-contrast-microscopydifferential-interference-contrast-microscopydark-field-microscopybright-field-microscopystereomicroscopydissecting-microscopymicrotomysectioningstainingmountingembeddingfixationpreservationcollectioncurationvoucheringrepositoryherbariummuseumarchivedatabaseregistrycataloguechecklistinventorysurveymonitoringassessmentevaluationappraisalauditreviewsynthesisrapid-reviewscoping-reviewnarrative-reviewcritical-reviewstate-of-the-art-reviewliterature-reviewbibliometric-analysiscitation-analysisco-citation-analysisbibliographic-couplingco-authorship-analysiscollaboration-networkknowledge-mapconcept-mapontologytaxonomyclassificationnomenclaturetypificationdesignationdescriptiondiagnosisillustrationmeasurementmorphometrymeristicscountratioindexscorerankgradescalelevelcategoryclassgroupsetsubsetclustercladelineagebranchstemcrownrootnodetipterminalinternalbasalderivedancestralplesiomorphicapomorphicsynapomorphicautapomorphichomologoushomoplasticconvergentparallelreversalgainlossduplicationdeletioninsertioninversionfusionfissionpolyploidyaneuploidychromosome-numbergenome-sizegene-numbertranscriptomeproteomemetabolomelipidomeglycomeinteractomephenomeconnectomeepigenomemicrobiomeviromemycobiomebacteriomephytobiomerhizobiomeendobiomeectobiomeparasitomepathobiomediseasometoxomeexposomefoodomenutriomepharmacometoxicomeadverse-outcome-pathwaymode-of-actionmechanism-of-actiontarget-sitereceptor-bindingenzyme-inhibitionion-channel-blockademembrane-disruptionDNA-intercalationinflammationcell-differentiationcell-migrationcell-adhesioncell-signalingsignal-transductiongene-expressiontranscriptiontranslationpost-translational-modificationprotein-foldingprotein-degradationprotein-traffickingvesicle-transportexocytosisendocytosisphagocytosispinocytosismitophagypexophagyribophagyER-phagylysophagylipophagyglycophagyferritinophagyaggrephagyxenophagyentosiscytosissyncytiumplasmodesmatagap-junctiontight-junctionadherens-junctiondesmosomehemidesmosomefocal-adhesioncell-polaritycell-asymmetrycell-divisionmitosismeiosiscytokinesiskaryokinesischromosome-segregationspindle-assemblycheckpointDNA-replicationDNA-recombinationtranspositionretrotranspositionhorizontal-gene-transfervertical-gene-transferendosymbiosissymbiogenesisholobionthologenomeextended-phenotypeniche-constructionecosystem-engineeringkeystone-processecological-functionecosystem-functionecosystem-goodnatural-capitalnatural-resourcerenewable-resourcenon-renewable-resourcecommon-pool-resourcepublic-goodprivate-goodclub-goodexternalitymarket-failuregovernment-failurepolicy-failureinstitutional-failuretragedy-of-the-commonsfree-ridercollective-actionsocial-dilemmaprisoner's-dilemmachicken-gameassurance-gamecoordination-gamezero-sum-gamepositive-sum-gamenegative-sum-gamewin-winlose-losewin-losePareto-optimalPareto-improvementKaldor-Hicks-improvementcost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-criteria-decision-analysisdecision-support-systemexpert-systemknowledge-based-systemrule-based-systemcase-based-reasoningmachine-learningdeep-learningneural-networkrandom-forestsupport-vector-machinedecision-treeregression-treeclassification-treeclustering-algorithmdimensionality-reductionfeature-selectionfeature-extractionpattern-recognitionimage-analysissignal-processingtime-series-analysisspatial-analysisgeographic-information-systemremote-sensingsatellite-imageryaerial-photographydrone-imageryLiDARradarsonarseismicgeophysicalgeochemicalbiogeochemicalecoinformaticsbioinformaticscomputational-biologysystems-biologysynthetic-biologybiotechnologynanotechnologygenetic-engineeringgenome-editingCRISPRTALENzinc-finger-nucleasetransgeniccisgenicintragenicsubgenicagrobacterium-mediated-transformationbiolisticselectroporationmicroinjectionprotoplast-fusionsomatic-hybridizationcybridasymmetric-hybridsynthetic-polyploiddoubled-haploidhaploid-inductionanther-culturemicrospore-cultureovule-cultureembryo-cultureendosperm-cultureprotoplast-culturecell-culturetissue-cultureorgan-cultureshoot-cultureroot-culturecallus-culturesuspension-culturebioreactorhairy-root-culturetransformationhardeningmicropropagationclonal-propagationmeristem-cultureshoot-tip-cultureaxillary-bud-culturenodal-cultureleaf-culturepetiole-culturestem-cultureinternode-culturerhizome-culturebulb-culturecorm-culturetuber-cultureseed-culturezygotic-embryo-culturesomatic-embryo-culturesomatic-embryogenesisorganogenesiscaulogenesisrhizogenesisadventitious-shoot-formationdirect-regenerationindirect-regenerationprimary-metabolismsecondary-metabolismbiosynthesisbiotransformationbioconversionbiodegradationbioremediationphytoremediationmycoremediationzooremediationbioaugmentationbiostimulationnatural-attenuationmonitored-natural-attenuationengineered-natural-attenuationpermeable-reactive-barrierpump-and-treatsoil-vapor-extractionair-spargingthermal-desorptionincinerationlandfillingcontainmentcappingslurry-wallgrout-curtainsheet-pilingclay-linergeomembranegeotextilegeogridgeocompositegeosyntheticgeofabricgeonetgeocellgeopipegeostripgeofoamgeobaggeotubegeocontainergeomatgeoblanketgeospacergeodraingeoinjectiongeogroutgeopiergeocolumngeopilegeowallgeobermgeotrenchgeocutgeofillgeoliftgeoslabgeopanelgeoblockgeobrickgeotilegeopavergeowebgeomattressgeocushionTrichonephila clavata
Jorō spider, Joro Spider, Parachute spider
Trichonephila clavata, commonly known as the Jorō spider, is a large orb-weaving spider native to East Asia that has become established as an invasive species in the southeastern United States since approximately 2010. First confirmed in Georgia in 2014, it has expanded rapidly across multiple states through a combination of ballooning dispersal and human-mediated transport. The species is notable for its substantial size, striking coloration, and extensive golden webs, but poses minimal risk to humans due to small fangs and docile behavior. Its physiological adaptations—including higher metabolic rate, faster heart rate, and greater cold tolerance than its congener Trichonephila clavipes—suggest potential for continued northward range expansion.
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