Riffle
Guides
Elmidae
Riffle beetles
Elmidae, commonly known as riffle beetles, is a family of aquatic beetles in the superfamily Byrrhoidea containing over 150 genera and 1,500 described species. Both adults and larvae are primarily aquatic, inhabiting fast-flowing shallow areas of streams and rivers such as riffles. Adults breathe underwater using a plastron—a microfilm of air held by microscopic hairs on their body surface that enables oxygen diffusion from the water. The family has significant value in freshwater biomonitoring due to their sensitivity to water pollution.
Oplonaeschna
Riffle Darners
Oplonaeschna is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae, commonly known as riffle darners. The genus comprises approximately five described species, including both extant and fossil taxa. The type species, Oplonaeschna armata, has been the subject of limited ecological study. The genus was established by Selys in 1883.
Pacifastacus leniusculus
Signal Crayfish
The signal crayfish is a large North American freshwater crayfish introduced to Europe in the 1960s to replace declining native fisheries. It has become one of the most ecologically impactful invasive decapods in Europe, outcompeting native crayfish and serving as a carrier of crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci). The species establishes self-sustaining populations rapidly, with six age cohorts documented within a few years of introduction. It shows sex- and size-specific coloration patterns, with males displaying more saturated and brighter ventral claw surfaces than females, suggesting a role in intraspecific communication.
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obesa
riffle bug
Rhagovelia obesa is a small aquatic true bug in the family Veliidae, commonly known as a riffle bug or smaller water strider. It inhabits flowing water environments where it uses a unique swimming plume to move underwater. The species has an unusual life history among aquatic Hemiptera, with four nymphal instars rather than five and eggs as the overwintering stage. It has been successfully reared in laboratory conditions from first instar to adult.
Stenelmis
riffle beetle
Stenelmis is the largest and most widespread genus of beetles in the family Elmidae. Members are commonly known as riffle beetles due to their association with fast-flowing stream habitats. The genus contains numerous species distributed across multiple continents, with documented presence in North America, Europe, and the Caucasus region.
Tetramesa
Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.
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Trichoclinocera is a genus of aquatic dance flies in the family Empididae, subfamily Clinocerinae. The genus contains approximately 30 described species distributed across the Holarctic and eastern Asia, with 16 species recognized from the Nearctic region and nine from Japan. Species are organized into six species-groups based on morphological characteristics, primarily of the male terminalia. The genus was established by Collin in 1941 and has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with Seguyella and Acanthoclinocera recently synonymized under Trichoclinocera.