Field-cricket

Guides

Gryllus
field cricket
Gryllus is a widespread genus of field crickets in the family Gryllidae, with members found across Africa, the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Adults typically measure 15–31 mm and are darkly colored. Species in this genus are often difficult to distinguish from related genera based on external morphology alone; male genitalia, particularly the structure of the epithallus, provide more reliable identification characters. The genus has been extensively studied for its acoustic communication, with male calling songs used for mate attraction and territorial defense.
field-cricket stridulation acoustic-communication soil-dwelling agricultural-pest biomarker parasite-host home-invader temperature-indicator neurophysiology-model
Gryllus alogus
Gryllus alogus is a species of field cricket described by Rehn in 1902. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Gryllus vocalis (Gryllus (Gryllus) vocalis). The species was originally described from specimens collected in California. As a member of the genus Gryllus, it shares the general characteristics of field crickets, including acoustic communication through stridulation.
synonym field-cricket Gryllus California Orthoptera Gryllidae Rehn-1902
Gryllus assimilis
Jamaican field cricket, silent cricket (misnomer)
Gryllus assimilis, the Jamaican field cricket, is a field cricket species native to the West Indies, southern United States, Mexico, and parts of South America. It is distinguished from similar species primarily by its song: a short, pulsed chirp with rapid pulse rate and brief intervals between pulses, creating a nearly continuous sound. Since 2010, it has become widely bred as a feeder insect for the pet industry throughout North America and Europe, largely replacing the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) after that species was devastated by cricket paralysis virus. The species is notable for its immunity to this virus, its relatively docile behavior compared to some other Gryllus species used in the pet trade, and its status as a USDA-approved native species for commercial sale in the United States.
field-cricket feeder-insect pet-industry Jamaica cricket-paralysis-virus-resistant USDA-approved-native-species cryptic-species-complex song-discrimination commercial-cricket-breeding bioindicator-species
Gryllus brevicaudus
Short-tailed Field Cricket
Gryllus brevicaudus, commonly known as the short-tailed field cricket, is a species of field cricket in the family Gryllidae. It was described by Weissman, Rentz, and Alexander in 1980. The species is found in North America, with distribution records from California. As a member of the genus Gryllus, it shares characteristics with other field crickets, though specific details distinguishing it from congeners are limited in available sources.
cricket field-cricket Orthoptera North-America California
Gryllus fultoni
Southern Wood Cricket
Gryllus fultoni, the southern wood cricket, is a field cricket species found in the southeastern United States. It overwinters as a juvenile and matures in spring, inhabiting forested environments. The species produces a distinctive calling song consisting of fast-pulsed chirps. In areas of sympatry with Gryllus vernalis, G. fultoni exhibits reproductive character displacement, with divergence in calling song characters and mirror area that enhances reproductive isolation.
cricket field-cricket acoustic-communication reproductive-character-displacement forest-habitat southeastern-United-States overwintering-juvenile stridulation sympatry Gryllus-vernalis
Gryllus integer
Western Trilling Cricket
Gryllus integer, the western trilling cricket, is a field cricket species distinguished by its nearly continuous trilling song rather than discrete chirps. It occurs in the western United States, where males produce species-specific calling songs to attract females. The species has been extensively studied for its behavioral ecology, including alternative mating tactics, personality traits, and antipredator responses. Populations show geographic variation in song structure, with some California males producing chirped songs rather than continuous trills.
field-cricket trilling-song alternative-mating-tactics phonotactic-parasitoid behavioral-syndrome western-United-States Ormia-ochracea Gryllus Orthoptera
Gryllus lineaticeps
Variable Field Cricket
Gryllus lineaticeps, the variable field cricket, is a North American field cricket species distinguished by its flexible mate-searching behavior. Females exhibit phonotaxis toward male calling songs and adjust their preferences based on acoustic experience, rejecting lower-quality songs after exposure to more attractive alternatives. Males produce energetically costly calls, with oxygen consumption increasing 2.7 times basal rates during chirping. The species undergoes flight muscle histolysis during the transition from dispersal to reproduction, with autophagy selectively breaking down dorsal longitudinal flight muscles while preserving dorsoventral muscles for walking. Thermal preferences vary across the diel cycle and shift in response to starvation, reflecting life history trade-offs between activity and energy conservation.
field-cricket sexual-selection phonotaxis acoustic-communication autophagy flight-muscle-histolysis behavioral-plasticity thermoregulation
Gryllus multipulsator
Long-chirp Field Cricket
Gryllus multipulsator is a field cricket species described by Weissman in 2009, known by the common name Long-chirp Field Cricket. It belongs to the genus Gryllus, which includes many common field crickets found in North America. The species is distinguished by its characteristic long chirp pattern. It is native to California and has been documented through 90 iNaturalist observations.
field-cricket Orthoptera California-endemic calling-song Ensifera
Gryllus personatus
Badlands Cricket, Badlands Field Cricket
Gryllus personatus, commonly known as the badlands cricket or badlands field cricket, is a species of field cricket in the family Gryllidae. It inhabits arid and semi-arid regions of southwestern North America, including desert and dry grassland environments. The species is named for its association with badlands terrain. Like other field crickets in the genus Gryllus, it produces characteristic chirping sounds through stridulation of specialized wing structures.
field-cricket desert-insect North-America Orthoptera stridulation
Gryllus rubens
Southeastern field cricket
Gryllus rubens, the southeastern field cricket, is a trilling field cricket native to the southeastern United States. It is a cryptic sister species to G. texensis, from which it originated via peripatric speciation. The species exhibits remarkable phenotypic plasticity in its communication system, with male calling songs and female preferences shifting reversibly between spring and fall generations in response to temperature. Wing polymorphism is environmentally and genetically influenced, with long-winged morphs appearing in spring/summer and short-winged morphs predominating in autumn/winter.
field-cricket trilling-cricket wing-polymorphism phenotypic-plasticity acoustic-communication speciation parasitoid seasonal-polyphenism bivoltine cryptic-species sexual-selection phonotaxis
Gryllus saxatilis
Western Rock-loving Field Cricket
Gryllus saxatilis is a species of field cricket described in 2019. It belongs to the genus Gryllus, which includes several North American field cricket species. Like other Gryllus species, it is expected to share characteristics such as chirping communication, ground-dwelling habits, and annual life cycles. The specific epithet "saxatilis" (rock-loving) suggests an association with rocky habitats.
field-cricket Orthoptera Gryllidae rocky-habitat western-North-America recently-described-species
Gryllus texensis
Texas Trilling Cricket
Gryllus texensis is a field cricket species described by Cade and Otte in 2000, distinguished from the morphologically similar Gryllus rubens by differences in call song structure. The species was previously misidentified as Gryllus integer in collections from the southeastern United States. It belongs to a closely related complex of Gryllus field crickets and is phylogenetically most closely related to G. rubens based on mitochondrial DNA analysis.
field-cricket acoustic-species cryptic-species southeastern-US
Gryllus thinos
Texas Beach Field Cricket
Gryllus thinos is a field cricket species described in 2019 from Texas coastal habitats. Commonly known as the Texas Beach Field Cricket, it inhabits sandy beach environments, distinguishing it from other Gryllus species that typically occupy inland grasslands and fields. The species is characterized by its specialized coastal habitat association and relatively recent taxonomic recognition.
field-cricket coastal-endemic beach-habitat Texas-endemic Gryllidae Orthoptera 2019-species-description sand-specialist
Gryllus vernalis
Northern Wood Cricket
Gryllus vernalis, the northern wood cricket, is a species of field cricket endemic to deciduous woodlands of the midwestern United States. It is distinguished by its predominantly black exoskeleton, occasionally marked with red patches on the femora, and a notably wide pronotum. The species inhabits leaf litter and shows evidence of reproductive isolation mechanisms, particularly strong female discrimination against heterospecific mates in sympatric populations.
cricket field-cricket wood-cricket Orthoptera Gryllidae midwest-USA leaf-litter deciduous-forest reproductive-isolation sympatry allopatry
Melanoplus davisi
Melanoplus davisi is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Hebard in 1918 from the southeastern United States. It belongs to the large genus Melanoplus, which contains numerous economically and ecologically significant grasshopper species. The species appears to be relatively poorly documented in the primary grasshopper literature of the western United States, suggesting it may be of limited distribution or abundance compared to more widespread Melanoplus species.
spur-throated-grasshopper southeastern-US Melanoplinae Hebard-1918 Acrididae Orthoptera insect grasshopper southeastern-United-States Alabama Florida limited-distribution poorly-documented rare-in-western-literature Eotettix-davisi basionym Melanoplus Melanoplini Caelifera Acrididea Hexapoda Insecta Arthropoda Animalia accepted-species EXACT-match species-rank grasshoppers-crickets-katydids Metazoa Pterygota Orthoptera-order Acrididae-family Melanoplinae-subfamily Melanoplini-tribe Melanoplus-genus davisi-specific-epithet 4-observations iNaturalist complex-rank no-Wikipedia-summary GBIF NCBI Catalogue-of-Life taxonomy-match distribution-records taxon taxonomic-classification biological-classification scientific-name canonical-name authorship authority rank group kingdom phylum class order family genus species subspecies infraspecific-epithet taxonomic-status accepted EXACT taxonomy taxonomic-database biodiversity entomology orthopteran caeliferan acridoid melanopline spur-throat spur-throated grasshopper-species insect-species arthropod-species animal-species eukaryote animal arthropod hexapod acridid Alabama-Florida southeast southeastern limited rare western-literature Hebard 1918 Eotettix davisi complex observations Wikipedia match distribution records classification biological scientific canonical name epithet status database guide western Colorado Wyoming field-guide fact-sheet distribution-atlas information-system WGIS key maps RAATs reduced-agent-area-treatments rangeland management links common-western-grasshoppers species-records accounts list biology development stages host-plant damage potential synonymy poorly-known not-included compilation Dr-Pfadt navigation main-page contents learn-more top back grasshoppers-of-Colorado grasshoppers-of-Wyoming-and-the-West GRASSHOPPER-NAMES GENUS-SPECIES COMMON-SCIENTIFIC SPECIES-GENUS abdominalis Chloealtis Thomas admirabilis Syrbula Uhler agrestis Trimerotropis McNeill alba Hypochlora Dodge alpinus Ceuthophilus Scudder alutacea Schistocerca angustipennis apiculata Pardalophora Harris argentinus Oecanthus Saussure arizonae aspera Trachyrhachys bicolor Dactylotum bispinosus bivittata Mermiria Serville bivittatus Say bolli Spharagemon Morse borealis Fieber bowditchi brachyptera Pseudopomala brevipes Daihnia Haldeman bruneri brunneus Stenobothrus californica Bruner californicus campestris capito Hippopedon Stal carlinianus Circotettix carolina Dissosteira L chenopodii Aeoloplides cincta citrina clavatus Aeropedellus collare coloradus Amphitornus complanatipes confusus conspersa Arphia corallipes Xanthippus coronata crenulata Cordillacris curtipennis Chorthippus cyaneipennis cyaneus Leprus Cockerell dawsonii delicatula Psoloessa deorum Ageneotettix differentialis discolor dodgei elliotti Aulocara enigma Oedaloenotus equale fasciatus F-Walker femoratum femurrubrum DeGeer flavidus foedus fontana formosus Tropidolophus fratercula fusiformis gladstoni glaucipes gracile Stethophyma gracilis haldemanii haydeni Derotmema hirtipes Acrolophitus humile inconspicua infantilis keeleri kennicotti kiowa lakinus latifasciata longipennis magna Brachystola Girard magnifica Rehn melanoptera montanus montezuma nebrascensis Phoetaliotes neglectus Cratypedes nevadensis niveus nubilum Boopedon obscura Opeia occidentalis occipitalis ocelote Hippiscus olivacea Campylacantha oregonensis packardii pallidipennis Burmeister pardalinus Metator parviceps Cibolacris pelidna Orphulella pellucida Camnula picta Walker pistrinaria plattei Mestobregma ponderosus pseudonietana quadrimaculatum Phlibostroma quadripunctatus Beutenmuller rabula Rehn-and-Hebard regales robusta Udeopsylla robustus rufa Heliaula sanguinipes Fabricius simplex Anabrus Eritettix sordidus Encoptolophus sparsa speciosa speciosus Hesperotettix splendidus spretus Walsh spurcata subgracilis Caudell sulcifrons Conozoa tenuipennis texana tolteca Brunner trifasciatus Hadrotettix tristis turnbulli utahensis verruculatus virgata Paropomala viridifasciata Chortophaga viridis wyomingensis xanthoptera yarrowii not-true-grasshoppers confused manual Tetrigidae Gomphocerinae Oedipodinae Cyrtacanthacridinae Romaleidae Brachystolini Tettigoniidae Decticinae Russianthistle-Grasshopper Snakeweed-Grasshopper Cudweed-Grasshopper Alpine-Grasshopper Narrowwinged-Sand-Grasshopper Twostriped-Grasshopper Northern-Grasshopper Sagebrush-Grasshopper Bruner-spurthroated-Grasshopper Pasture-Grasshopper Dawson-Grasshopper Devastating-Grasshopper Differential-Grasshopper Redlegged-Grasshopper Striped-Sand-Grasshopper Gladston-Grasshopper Little-Spurthroated-Grasshopper Keeler-Grasshopper Kennicott-Grasshopper Lakin-Grasshopper Flabellate-Grasshopper Packard-Grasshopper Nevada-Sage-Grasshopper Migratory-Grasshopper Valley-Grasshopper Largeheaded-Grasshopper Clubhorned-Grasshopper Whitewhiskered-Grasshopper Striped-Grasshopper Bigheaded-Grasshopper Whitecrossed-Grasshopper Ebony-Grasshopper Bruner-Slantfaced-Grasshopper Meadow-Grasshopper Crenulatewinged-Grasshopper Spottedwinged-Grasshopper Velvetstriped-Grasshopper Twostriped-Slantface-Grasshopper Obscure-Grasshopper Slantfaced-Pasture-Grasshopper Fourspotted-Grasshopper Brownspotted-Grasshopper Specklewinged-Grasshopper Redwinged-Grasshopper Clearwinged-Grasshopper Greenstriped-Grasshopper Hayden-Grasshopper Carolina-Grasshopper High-Plains-Grasshopper Dusky-Grasshopper Threebanded-Grasshopper Bluelegged-Grasshopper Mottled-Sand-Grasshopper Orangelegged-Grasshopper Finned-Grasshopper Kiowa-Grasshopper Pallidwinged-Grasshopper Redshanked-Grasshopper Lubber-Grasshopper Mormon-Cricket Barber-pole-grasshopper Barren-land-grasshopper Black-winged-grasshopper Big-head Big-headed-grasshopper Black-males-grasshopper Boopee Broad-banded-grasshopper Brown-spotted-range-grasshopper Crackling-forest-grasshopper Crested-keel-grasshopper Dust-grasshopper Elliott-grasshopper Field-cricket Four-spotted-grasshopper Four-spotted-tree-cricket Fusiform-camel-cricket Garden-grasshopper Great-crested-grasshopper Great-plains-camel-cricket Green-fool-grasshopper Green-streak-grasshopper Huckleberry-spur-throat-grasshopper Homesteader Kiowa-range-grasshopper Large-headed-locust Lesser-migratory-grasshopper Little-pasture-spur-throated-grasshopper Long-winged-locust Long-winged-plains-grasshopper Marsh-meadow-locust McNeill-campestral-grasshopper Mermiria-grasshopper Narrow-winged-spur-throated-grasshopper Northern-green-striped-locust Northwestern-red-winged-locust P-quad-grasshopper Packard's-grasshopper Pallid-winged-grasshopper Pard-grasshopper Platte-range-grasshopper Prairie-tree-cricket Pictured-grasshopper Plains-lubber Pronotal-range-grasshopper Red-legged-grasshopper Red-nosed-grasshopper Red-shanks Robust-camel-cricket Rufous-grasshopper Sage-grasshopper Sand-grasshopper Say's-grasshopper Slant-faced-grasshopper Snowy-tree-cricket Speckled-rangeland-grasshopper Spotted-bird-grasshopper Spotted-wing-grasshopper Sprinkled-locust Striped-slant-faced-grasshopper Thistle-grasshopper Three-banded-range-grasshopper Tiny-spur-throated-grasshopper Two-striped-grasshopper Utah-camel-cricket Velvet-striped-grasshopper Warrior-grasshopper Western-tree-cricket White-cross-grasshopper White-whiskers-grasshopper Wrangler-grasshopper Wrinkled-grasshopper Wyoming-toothpick-grasshopper Yellowish-spur-throat-grasshopper tumbulli obesa lateritius costalis cinereus huroni indigens marshalli regalis apicultata nitens shastanus barnumi diversellus verruculata suffusa rugglesi nsp brunnea
Pacifastacus leniusculus
Signal Crayfish
The signal crayfish is a large North American freshwater crayfish introduced to Europe in the 1960s to replace declining native fisheries. It has become one of the most ecologically impactful invasive decapods in Europe, outcompeting native crayfish and serving as a carrier of crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci). The species establishes self-sustaining populations rapidly, with six age cohorts documented within a few years of introduction. It shows sex- and size-specific coloration patterns, with males displaying more saturated and brighter ventral claw surfaces than females, suggesting a role in intraspecific communication.
invasive-species crayfish-plague-carrier decapod freshwater-crustacean conservation-concern species-of-Union-concern early-detection-rapid-response ark-sites ecosystem-engineer bioaccumulation sexual-dimorphism nocturnal-activity invasion-gradient trapping electrofishing eradication Mediterranean-invasion headwater-threat native-crayfish-displacement fisheries-introduction 1960s-introduction Europe Japan California-native Pacifastacus Astacidae Decapoda Malacostraca Arthropoda Aphanomyces-astaci white-clawed-crayfish signal-crayfish control-planning removal-actions catch-per-unit-effort color-variation carotenoids camouflage conspicuousness intraspecific-communication elemental-accumulation contaminant trophic-level macroinvertebrate plant-detritus riffle stream river lake tributary invasion-front core-population exploratory-behavior migration-patterns ontogenetic-color-change kick-sampling detection-protocol false-negative Catalonia Italy Portugal Spain Poland Scandinavia British-Isles Segura-River Clitunno-River Valla-stream Rabaçal-River Fosso-Vecchio Union-concern LIFE-IMAGINE eradication-attempt biosecurity pathway-action-plans INNS-inspectorate environmental-DNA eDNA host-pathogen-dynamics conservation-translocation ark-site aggregates-levy environment-agency BBC-wildlife-fund defra habitats-directive favourable-conservation-status unfavourable-bad extinction-risk funding-cuts ecosystem-services keystone-species woodland pollination decomposition nutrient-cycling predation water-purification citizen-science ex-situ-conservation-rearing zoos aquaria Fen-Raft-Spider Pond-Mud-Snail Large-Marsh-Grasshopper Freshwater-Pearl-Mussel Marbled-White-Butterfly Small-Skipper climate-change assisted-colonization range-margin biotic-response abiotic-driver warming pollution eutrophication functional-trait thermal-limit embryogenesis competitive-advantage alien-aquatic-species artificial-light-at-night nutrient-enrichment brown-trout biological-control clearance-rate parasite-load sympatry global-invader predatory-interaction experimental-approach epiphytic-algae submerged-plant-community molecular-tools informatics social-media pooled-sampling integrative-taxonomy hybrid bryozoan cost-efficient-methodology policy-effectiveness legislative-tools LIFE-INVASAQUA networking prevention awareness marine-protected-area citizen-science-data non-native-freshwater-fish knowledge-gaps invasive-alien-freshwater-plants naturalised-plants aquatic-habitats pot-plants horticulture New-Guinea-flatworm Partula-tree-snails Lob-worm Lumbricus-terrestris Harlequin-ladybird Oak-processionary-moth New-Zealand-flatworm Australian-flatworm Lily-beetle Rosemary-leaf-beetle Spanish-slug Girdled-snail Australian-landhopper Light-brown-apple-moth Asian-hornet Argentine-ant Linepithema-humile Vespa-velutina ash-dieback Hymenoscyphus-fraxineus Floating-Pennywort Giant-Hogweed Chinese-Mitten-Crab Eriocheir-sinensis Ballast-Water-Convention Office-for-Environmental-Protection Environmental-Improvement-Plan Global-Biodiversity-Framework delisting listing rapid-response Great-Britain-Non-native-Species-Strategy Nature-2030 Wildlife-and-Countryside-Link Buglife invertebrate conservation reintroduction reinforcement assisted-colonisation habitat-management genetic-diversity donor-stock stakeholder-collaboration Natural-England eNGO landowner public-engagement media-attention tabloid sensationalism spider size-of-rats Marvellous-Mud-Snails-Cornwall Citizen-Zoo Hop-of-Hope volunteer ex-situ-rearing long-life-cycle glochidia salmonid-fish-host Freshwater-Biology-Association juvenile-mussel habitat-restoration micro-habitat Field-Cricket Wart-biter-Bush-cricket Barberry-Carpet-Moth Marsh-Fritillary-Butterfly Fisher's-Estuarine-Moth Southern-Damselfly White-faced-Darter-Dragonfly Pine-Hoverfly Dark-bordered-Beauty-Moth Medicinal-Leech Tadpole-Shrimp Netted-Carpet-Moth Ladybird-Spider Narrow-headed-Ant Cumbria Dorset Devon microhabitat low-mobility natural-colonization short-haired-bumblebee Bombus-subterraneus sub-optimal-management Barberry-bush Paul-Waring Benoit-Guénard conservation-funding vertebrate-bias invertebrate-neglect beaver Castor-fiber pine-marten Martes-martes bird-of-prey Large-Blue-Butterfly Phengaris-arion Chequered-Skipper Carterocephalus-palaemon mainland-Europe national-reintroduction local-reintroduction donor-population receptor-site county 400-m isolated-habitat England-Species-Reintroduction-Task-Force Karim-Vahed half-a-century diverse-species logistically-easier guidelines code government habitat-conditions site-conditions targeted-habitat-management mobility recovery unsuccessful-case lack-of-genetic-diversity optimal-management establishment-failure care knowledge funding-allocation PNAS threatened-species 80%6%species-numbers imbalance legislation wild-release high-profile main-image Decticus-verrucivorus Dr-Sarah-Henshall share Facebook LinkedIn Trinity-Audio tweet NEOBIOTA-2024 Lisbon 421-participants 47-countries invasion-science aquatic-studies marine freshwater oral-session poster workshop NeoBiota-Special-Issue editorial Pedro-Anastácio Filipe-Ribeiro Paula-Chainho 23-papers five-themes 100th-issue ZooKeys digital-taxonomy environmental-stressor invasion-success salinity sea-level-rise Alternanthera-philoxeroides stress-tolerance avoidance escape Gonçalves physiological-performance Callinectes-sapidus climate-warming Phymactis-papillosa environmental-tolerance ecological-impact Portuguese-intertidal synergistic-effect Zhang ecological-interaction invasion-impact population-dynamics Salmo-trutta Matos bivalve capture-efficiency natural-seston Cabral Eupercaria Tkachenko global-aquatic-invader Reshetnikov Pontederia-crassipes Pistia-stratiotes Shen detection monitoring surveillance early-detection Dias Xenopus-laevis pooled-eDNA Everts Squalius Gkenas Chilean-SE-Pacific Rech management policy legislative-tool EU-policy sectoral-impact Magliozzi freshwater-turtle Rato Carosi habitat-use trapping-efficiency hypersaline-lagoon Herrero-Reyes Iberian-Peninsula López-Cañizares African-marine-protected-area global-database Ackland Indian-freshwater-fish evidence-gap Kumar European-freshwater-plant ecosystem-impact Di-Lernia global-synthesis naturalised-plant aquatic-habitat Kortz interdisciplinarity translational-relevance issue-4930 Bluesky scholarly-publishing ecology invasion-ecology aquatic-ecosystem flatworm snail gang-attack extinction pot-plant soil-sterilization fumigation hot-water-immersion biosecurity-measure international-trade Hirudo-medicinalis Neil-Phillips Steven-Falk Sarah-Henshall omphiscola-glabra Cornwall Scotland Blera-fallax Epione-vespertaria Triops-cancriformis Eustroma-reticulatum Eresus-sandaliatus Formica-exsecta Gryllus-campestris Decticus-verrucivorous Pareulype-berberata Euphydryas-aurinia Margaritifera-margaritifera Gortyna-borelii-lunata Dolomedes-plantarius Coenagrion-mercuriale Leucorrhinia-dubia Stethophyma-grossum Melanargia-galathea Thymelicus-sylvestris Formica-rufa Kielder-Forest Northumberland Liz-Oldring Stephen-Wills Durham-University climate-suitability limited-funding biased-funding vertebrate nature-positive-trade 2024-General-Election Manifesto-for-Bugs seven-actions commitments halting-nature-loss reversing-invertebrate-decline Andrew-Whitehouse South-West-Manager Lord-De-Mauley wildlife-minister mineral-extraction Treasury George-Entwistle 50%-cut badger-cull river-dredging £100K £12.75 £420 £1,616 2012 2014 21-projects 2-projects reporting Bedstraw-hawk-moth national-pride leadership David-Smith Social-Change-and-Advocacy-Officer Lisa-Manning Policy-and-Engagement-Officer February-2024 GB-Non-Native-Species-Strategy one-year-anniversary measurability timeline off-track 2030 time-lag establishment Red-Imported-Fire-Ant Solenopsis-invicta world's-worst-invasive-species PaPs draft-form consultation-delay 2023-State-of-Nature-Report Environmental-Audit-Committee £6-million animal-health plant-health resourcing long-term-future slipped-timelines inefficient-process fully-resourced-implementation-plans general-election manifesto smallest-creatures foundations healthy-environment ecosystem-function nature's-decline action commitment England-Manager deliberate-movement release wild conservation-purpose feathered furred multitude large-scale 1980s 1990s 2018 England small-size small-scale region 2005 2007 2008 2010-2015 2009 2010 2019 2022 2023 isolated high-reproductive-potential cost-effective zoo aquarium collaboration ten-different-zoos thousands spiderlings four-new-populations Norfolk Suffolk media-response 2024 headline homeowner urgent-warning relatively-easy-to-rear local-schools colleges volunteers small-aquaria 500-snails four-new-sites 6,000 47-volunteers long-complex-life-cycle long-lived many-years 50,000 specialised-facilities hundreds juvenile-mussels ageing-populations Northern-England natural-range conservation-status 2000 climatically-suitable nine-years pest-species Forestry-England Wood-Ant keystone-woodland-species rescue immediate-danger Austropotamobius-pallipes North-American-Signal-Crayfish Pacifastacus-leniusculus outcompetes fungal Crayfish-Plague susceptible successful-reintroduction rigorous-planning appropriate-guidelines reintroduction-code natural-habitat restoration micro-habitat-requirements life-cycle-stage conservation-tool-kit targeted-habitat-restoration mobile-species species-specialist public 2010s 2004 thousands-of-caterpillars multiple-attempts public-attention vertebrate-relative 2025 opposite-pattern celebration