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Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
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ere-spherecollective-sphere-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphereLygus hesperus
Western Tarnished Plant Bug
Lygus hesperus is a significant agricultural pest in western North America, causing extensive damage to cotton, strawberries, alfalfa seed, and other crops. In California alone, annual losses exceed $30 million in cotton and $40 million in strawberries. Adults overwinter in reproductive diapause triggered by short day lengths, resuming activity when conditions improve. The species has been the subject of extensive research on sampling methods, biological control, and insecticide resistance.
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-dividepolitical-divideeconomic-dividereligious-dividephilosophical-dividescientific-dividetechnological-divideartistic-divideliterary-dividemusical-dividevisual-divideperforming-dividecinematic-dividephotographic-dividearchitectural-dividefashion-divideculinary-dividegastronomic-divideolfactory-dividegustatory-dividetactile-dividekinesthetic-divideproprioceptive-dividevestibular-divideauditory-dividesomatosensory-divideinteroceptive-divideexteroceptive-dividemultisensory-dividecrossmodal-dividesynesthetic-divideanesthetic-divideesthetic-divideaesthetic-dividepoetic-dividerhetorical-dividelogical-dividemathematical-dividestatistical-dividecomputational-dividealgorithmic-divideheuristic-dividesystematic-dividemethodical-divideempirical-dividetheoretical-divideconceptual-divideabstract-divideconcrete-dividepractical-divideapplied-dividepure-dividefundamental-dividebasic-dividestrategic-dividetactical-divideoperational-divideadministrative-dividemanagerial-divideexecutive-divideleadership-dividefollowership-dividemembership-dividepartnership-divideownership-dividestewardship-divideguardianship-dividetrusteeship-dividecustodianship-dividewardship-dividetutelage-dividementorship-dividesponsorship-dividechampionship-dividefriendship-dividerelationship-dividekinship-dividecompanionship-dividefellowship-dividescholarship-divideapprenticeship-divideinternship-divideresidency-divideassistantship-divideassociateship-divideauthorship-divideeditorship-dividecuratorship-dividedirectorship-dividegovernorship-dividepresidency-dividechancellorship-dividedeanship-divideheadship-dividechairmanship-divideTetramesa
Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.
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