Plant-bug

Guides

• Adelphocoris lineolatus

  Lucerne bug, alfalfa plant bug

  Adelphocoris lineolatus is a mirid bug native to the Old World that has become a significant agricultural pest following its introduction to North America in 1917. It primarily damages alfalfa and other legume crops through feeding on reproductive and vegetative structures. The species exhibits migratory behavior that facilitates rapid population dispersal and range expansion. In northern regions, it typically follows a univoltine life cycle with overwintering eggs, while southern populations may show partial second generation development.

  agricultural-pestmiridalfalfa-pestintroduced-speciesplant-bugunivoltinemigratorypheromoneinsecticide-resistance

• Agaveocoris

  Agave Bugs

  Agaveocoris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Henry & Menard in 2020. The genus comprises species associated with agave plants, reflecting their specialized ecological niche. As a recently described genus, taxonomic and biological knowledge remains limited. The common name "Agave Bugs" reflects this host association.

  MiridaeOrthotylinaeplant-bugagavespecialist-herbivorerecently-described

• Agaveocoris barberi

  Agaveocoris barberi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae. It was originally described by Knight and later transferred to the genus Agaveocoris by Henry & Menard in 2020. The species is associated with agave plants and has a limited distribution in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugagave-associatedNearcticsouthwestern-USMexicoHemipteraCimicomorpha

• Aguayomiris pallipes

  Aguayomiris pallipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Maldonado in 1986. It belongs to the subfamily Cimicomorpha within the order Hemiptera. The genus Aguayomiris is part of the diverse mirid fauna of the Neotropical region.

  NeotropicalMiridaeHemipteraplant-bugCimicomorpha

• Ambracius liviae

  Ambracius liviae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Ferreira and Henry in 2010. The species is known from Texas, USA. As a member of the subfamily Phylinae (implied by genus placement), it likely exhibits the slender body form and reduced cuneus characteristic of this group. The specific epithet honors an individual named Livia.

  insecthemipteramiridaeplant-bugtexas-endemicrecently-described

• Americodema nigrolineatum

  A species of plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described as Icodema nigrolineata by Knight in 1923. The species is distributed across eastern North America and parts of Central America, with records from Canada through the United States to Mexico. It is a member of the diverse plant bug fauna of the Nearctic region.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNearctic1923-description

• Anapus

  A genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. Species identification is challenging due to significant intraspecific polymorphism in coloration and body proportions. Male genitalia, particularly the aedeagus, provide reliable diagnostic characters for species delimitation. The genus is Palearctic in distribution.

  Miridaeplant-bugPalearctictaxonomically-challenginggenitalic-morphologyconfocal-microscopy3D-reconstruction

• Aoplonema nigrum

  Aoplonema nigrum is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Forero in 2008. It belongs to the suborder Heteroptera within the order Hemiptera. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

  plant-bugMiridaeHeteroptera

• Aoplonema princeps

  Aoplonema princeps is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1894. This true bug is native to western North America, with documented occurrences in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. As a member of the large and diverse Miridae family, it is likely associated with herbaceous or woody vegetation, though specific host plant relationships remain poorly documented.

  MiridaeHemipteratrue-bugplant-bugwestern-North-AmericaNearctic

• Apachemiris

  Apachemiris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Carvalho & Schaffner in 1974. As a member of the Cimicomorpha infraorder, it belongs to a diverse group of predatory and phytophagous true bugs. The genus is native to North America and contains species associated with specific host plants.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugNorth-America1974

• Apachemiris areolatus

  Apachemiris areolatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described from Texas and New Mexico in 1974. It belongs to a small genus endemic to the southwestern United States. The species name "areolatus" refers to a net-like or small-celled pattern, likely describing surface sculpturing on the body. Very few observations exist, with only six records documented on iNaturalist.

  plant-bugMiridaesouthwestern-USAendemic

• Argyrocoris

  Argyrocoris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Van Duzee in 1912. The genus belongs to the large and diverse mirid fauna of North America. Based on iNaturalist records, it appears to be rarely encountered, with few documented observations. The genus name derives from Greek roots suggesting 'silver' (argyros) and 'bug' (coris), likely referring to coloration in described species.

  miridplant-bugNorth-Americararely-collected

• Asciodema obsoleta

  Asciodema obsoleta is a Palearctic true bug in the family Miridae. The species has been recorded across parts of Europe, North Africa, and has been introduced to North America. It belongs to the plant bug family Miridae, one of the largest families of true bugs with predominantly phytophagous feeding habits.

  Miridaeplant-bugPalearcticintroduced-species

• Atomoscelis onustus

  Atomoscelis onustus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It exhibits a broad Holarctic distribution spanning the Palearctic and Nearctic regions. The species has been documented across diverse environments from the western Mediterranean and Middle East to western North America. Like other members of the genus, it is presumed to be phytophagous, though specific host plant associations remain poorly documented.

  HemipteraMiridaeplant-bugHolarcticarid-habitat

• Atractotomus balli

  Atractotomus balli is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1931. It belongs to the genus Atractotomus, a group of small predatory or plant-feeding true bugs. Records indicate presence in western North America, including the southwestern United States. As with many mirid species, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipterawestern-North-AmericaKnight-1931

• Atractotomus miniatus

  Atractotomus miniatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1926. It belongs to a genus of small predatory or omnivorous mirids. The species is documented from multiple states in the southeastern and south-central United States.

  MiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americaplant-bug

• Atractotomus nicholi

  Atractotomus nicholi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It is known from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and California. As a member of the genus Atractotomus, it belongs to a group of small predatory or plant-feeding bugs within the diverse Miridae family.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaArizonaCaliforniaKnight-1968

• Atractotomus quercicola

  Atractotomus quercicola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl in 1990. It is associated with oak trees (Quercus), as indicated by its specific epithet. The species is known from northeastern Mexico and Texas.

  Miridaeplant-bugoak-associatedNearctic

• Autumnimiris albescens

  Autumnimiris albescens is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1925. The species is known from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Like other members of the genus Autumnimiris, it is associated with autumn activity periods, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNearcticSouthwestern-United-StatesMexico

• Autumnimiris koebelei

  Autumnimiris koebelei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described by Van Duzee in 1921. The genus Autumnimiris is a small group within the Miridae, with species primarily distributed in southwestern North America and Mexico. This species has been recorded from arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

  miridplant-bugsouthwestern-North-Americaarid-habitat

• Ballella basicornis

  Ballella basicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1959. It belongs to the genus Ballella, a small group within the diverse plant bug family. The species is known from limited records in Arizona, USA, and remains poorly documented in scientific literature.

  plant-bugMiridaeArizonaNorth-America

• Banasa

  Banasa stink bugs

  Banasa is a genus of phytophagous stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae, tribe Pentatomini. These plant-feeding true bugs are primarily associated with woody plants, particularly conifers and broadleaf trees. The genus contains at least eleven species in North America, with additional species described from South America including the recently described B. maculata from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Species identification typically requires microscopic examination of morphological characters.

  stink-bugshield-bugphytophagousPentatomidaePentatominioverwintering-adultconifer-associatedplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraHeteroptera

• Bisulcopsallus

  Bisulcopsallus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Schuh in 2006. It belongs to the suborder Heteroptera and infraorder Cimicomorpha. The genus is part of the diverse mirid fauna but remains poorly documented in public sources.

  miridplant-bugHeteroptera

• Bisulcopsallus fulvipunctatus

  Bisulcopsallus fulvipunctatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1964. It belongs to the genus Bisulcopsallus, a group of small predatory or phytophagous true bugs within the suborder Heteroptera. The species is known from Arizona, USA. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of the family. Published biological and ecological information for this species is extremely limited.

  miridplant-bugArizona-endemicKnight-1964data-deficient

• Bisulcopsallus pallidus

  Bisulcopsallus pallidus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Schuh in 2006. The genus Bisulcopsallus belongs to the diverse family of true bugs known for their plant-feeding habits. This species is known from Arizona, USA, though detailed biological information remains limited in published literature. As a member of Miridae, it likely exhibits typical characteristics of the family including small size, membranous wings with distinct venation, and piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraArizonaNearcticSchuh-2006Cimicomorpha

• Bolteria luteifrons

  Bolteria luteifrons is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1921. It is one of several North American species in the genus Bolteria, which are small predatory or phytophagous true bugs. The species has been documented across eastern and central North America, with Canadian records confirmed in Ontario. Male genitalia morphology has been illustrated in taxonomic revisions to aid species identification.

  plant-bugmiridNorth-AmericaCanadaOntarioHemiptera

• Brachynotocoris puncticornis

  Brachynotocoris puncticornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1880. It has been recorded across multiple continents including Europe, North Africa, North America, and South America, suggesting either a broad native range or human-mediated dispersal. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the most diverse families of true bugs. The specific epithet 'puncticornis' refers to spotted or dotted antennae.

  MiridaeHeteropteraplant-bugReuter-1880

• Brooksetta althaeae

  Hollyhock Plant Bug

  Brooksetta althaeae, commonly known as the hollyhock plant bug, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. The species was described by Hussey in 1924. It is found in North America, with confirmed records from Michigan. The common name suggests an association with hollyhock plants (Alcea species), though specific ecological relationships remain poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-Americapoorly-known-species

• Brooksetta malvastri

  Brooksetta malvastri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. The specific epithet "malvastri" suggests an association with plants in the genus Malvastrum or related Malvaceae, though detailed biological information remains limited. The species is recorded from California and Arizona in the southwestern United States. As a member of Miridae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts, but specific ecological details are sparse in the available literature.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraCaliforniaArizonaMalvaceae-associated

• Calidroides

  Calidroides is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, described by Schwartz in 2005. It belongs to the diverse suborder Heteroptera, commonly known as true bugs. The genus is part of the large and ecologically significant family Miridae, which contains thousands of species worldwide. Very few observations of this genus exist in public databases.

  HemipteraMiridaeHeteropteraplant-bugtrue-bugSchwartz-2005

• Calocoris texanus

  Calocoris texanus is a species of true bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1942. It belongs to the genus Calocoris, a group of plant bugs within the suborder Heteroptera. The species is known from the Nearctic region, with confirmed records from Texas.

  MiridaeHeteropteraCimicomorphaNearcticTexasplant-bugtrue-bug

• Campyloneura virgula

  Campyloneura virgula is the sole species in the monotypic genus Campyloneura, a plant bug in the family Miridae. It is a true bug (Hemiptera) characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species has been documented across the Azores archipelago, with distribution records from Corvo, Faial, Flores, Graciosa, and Pico islands.

  monotypic-genusAzores-endemicplant-bugMiridae

• Capsus ater

  black plant bug

  Capsus ater is a plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the black plant bug. It is widely distributed across North America, Europe, and northern Asia, with evidence suggesting North American origin followed by introduction to other regions. The species inhabits dry to moderately moist open habitats and feeds on various grasses without apparent preference for particular species or genera.

  Miridaeplant-buggrass-feederintroduced-speciesPalearctic

• Capsus cinctus

  Capsus cinctus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, a group commonly known as plant bugs or mirids. The species has a Holarctic distribution, occurring across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. As a member of the Miridae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. Specific details regarding its biology, host associations, and ecology remain poorly documented in the available literature.

  Miridaeplant-bugHolarcticHemipteraCapsus

• Ceratocapsidea

  Ceratocapsidea is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Henry in 2015. The genus belongs to the subfamily Orthotylinae, a diverse group of small, often cryptic plant bugs. Ceratocapsidea was erected to accommodate species previously placed in related genera, particularly Ceratocapsus, based on distinct morphological features. The genus is relatively small and poorly known, with few documented observations.

  MiridaeOrthotylinaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemiptera

• Ceratocapsus apicalis

  Ceratocapsus apicalis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1925. It is a small, soft-bodied true bug found in North America, with confirmed records from Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico. The species belongs to a diverse genus of mirid plant bugs that are typically associated with vegetation.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaKnight-1925

• Ceratocapsus apicatus

  Ceratocapsus apicatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1921. It is known from North America, with documented records from California. As a member of the Miridae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of true bugs. The species is one of many in the diverse genus Ceratocapsus.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaCalifornianocturnalblacklight

• Ceratocapsus barbatus

  Ceratocapsus barbatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1927. It is known from the eastern United States, with records from Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. As a member of the genus Ceratocapsus, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs characterized by distinctive modifications to the pronotum and scutellum.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaKnight-1927

• Ceratocapsus bifurcus

  Ceratocapsus bifurcus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1927. It belongs to a genus of small, often dark-colored mirids found primarily in North America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with vegetation and may be attracted to lights at night. The specific epithet "bifurcus" suggests a forked or divided structure, possibly referring to male genitalia or another diagnostic morphological feature.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaFlorida

• Ceratocapsus fuscosignatus

  Ceratocapsus fuscosignatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1927. It is recorded from Florida, USA. As a member of the genus Ceratocapsus, it belongs to a group of mirid plant bugs that are frequently encountered at lights at night. The genus is diverse and species are often difficult to distinguish without detailed examination.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaFloridanight-activelight-attracted

• Ceratocapsus lutescens

  Ceratocapsus lutescens is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. Like other members of the genus Ceratocapsus, it is a small true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species has been recorded from Texas and is known to be attracted to blacklights at night. Information on its biology and host associations remains limited.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americablacklight-attracted

• Ceratocapsus modestus

  Ceratocapsus modestus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, a diverse group of true bugs commonly known as mirids or capsid bugs. The species was described by Uhler in 1887. Like other members of the genus Ceratocapsus, it is a small, soft-bodied insect with the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts of the Hemiptera. The species has been documented across the eastern and central United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaUhler-1887

• Ceratocapsus nigellus

  Ceratocapsus nigellus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to a diverse genus of mirid bugs found primarily in North America. The species is documented from the eastern and northeastern United States, including West Virginia. Like other members of the genus Ceratocapsus, it is attracted to lights at night and is considered a typical visitor to blacklight setups used in insect surveys.

  miridaeplant-bugnorth-americaeastern-usanocturnalblacklight-visitor

• Ceratocapsus nigrocephalus

  Ceratocapsus nigrocephalus is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. The specific epithet "nigrocephalus" refers to its dark or black head. Like other members of the genus Ceratocapsus, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs commonly encountered at night near artificial light sources. The species is documented from the northeastern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-America

• Ceratocapsus pilosulus

  Ceratocapsus pilosulus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1930. It belongs to the large and diverse family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or mirid bugs. The species has been recorded from multiple localities in North America, including Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota in the United States, as well as Mato Grosso in Brazil.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaKnight-1930

• Ceratocapsus pumilus

  plant bug

  Ceratocapsus pumilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1887. It is found in North America, with records from the United States and Canada. As a member of the subfamily Orthotylinae, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs that are commonly attracted to lights at night.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americanocturnalblacklight-visitorOrthotylinae

• Ceratocapsus punctulatus

  Ceratocapsus punctulatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. The species was described by Reuter in 1876 and is currently considered a synonym of Ceratocapsus cubanus. Records indicate occurrence in Brazil and Cuba. As a member of the genus Ceratocapsus, it belongs to a group of mirid plant bugs commonly attracted to lights at night.

  HemipteraMiridaeplant-bugsynonymNeotropical

• Ceratocapsus rubricornis

  Ceratocapsus rubricornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1927. It is one of several Ceratocapsus species known to occur in North America. Like other members of its genus, it is attracted to blacklights at night, suggesting nocturnal activity patterns. The species epithet 'rubricornis' refers to reddish coloration of the antennae or horns.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraNorth-Americanocturnalblacklight-visitor

• Ceratocapsus setosus

  Ceratocapsus setosus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1909. It is a member of the diverse and widespread genus Ceratocapsus, which comprises numerous small predatory or plant-feeding mirid species. The specific epithet 'setosus' refers to the setose (bristly) condition typical of many species in this genus.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaReuter-1909

• Ceratocapsus uniformis

  Ceratocapsus uniformis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1927. It belongs to the diverse genus Ceratocapsus, which contains numerous species of small predatory and plant-feeding true bugs. The species is known from scattered records in the eastern and central United States. Like other mirid plant bugs, it is likely associated with vegetation where it feeds or preys on small arthropods.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraUnited-StatesKnight-1927

• Ceratopsallus croceus

  Ceratopsallus croceus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1918. It belongs to the large and diverse family of true bugs known as plant bugs or mirid bugs. The genus Ceratopsallus is part of the suborder Heteroptera, which includes the 'true bugs' with their characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  MiridaeHemipteraCalifornia-endemicplant-bugunderstudied-species

• Cercocarpopsallus

  Cercocarpopsallus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, described by Schuh in 2006. The genus name references Cercocarpus, a genus of mountain mahogany plants (Rosaceae), suggesting a potential host association. As a recently described and poorly documented genus, it is known from very few records.

  Miridaeplant-bugPsallus-groupRosaceaeCercocarpusmonotypic-genuswestern-Nearctic

• Chaetofoveolocoris hirsutus

  Chaetofoveolocoris hirsutus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is a small, hirsute true bug with limited documented information. The species was described by Knight in 1928 and is known from scattered records in Central America and North America, specifically from Mexico (D.F.) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, Texas). As a member of Miridae, it likely feeds on plant fluids, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraHeteropteraNorth-AmericaCentral-AmericaKnight-1928

• Chinaola quercicola

  Chinaola quercicola is a species of minute plant bug in the family Microphysidae, described by Blatchley in 1928. The species epithet 'quercicola' suggests an association with oak (Quercus). It is known from North America.

  HemipteraMicrophysidaeNorth-Americaplant-bugoak-associated

• Chlamydatus obliquus

  Chlamydatus obliquus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1893 as Agalliastes obliquus. It is native to North America, with records from western Canada and the western United States. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-Americawestern-North-AmericaHemipteraHeteroptera

• Clivinema regalis

  Clivinema regalis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1917. It belongs to the order Hemiptera, characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States. As with other mirid bugs, it likely feeds on plant fluids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.

  MiridaeHemipteratrue-bugplant-bugNorth-AmericaArizonaTexasKnight-1917

• Clivinema villosa

  Clivinema villosa is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to the diverse family of true bugs, characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species is known from Texas, USA, within the Nearctic realm. As with many mirid species, detailed ecological and biological information remains limited in published literature.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNearcticTexas

• Closterocoris amoenus

  Closterocoris amoenus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, distributed across Central America and North America. The species is distinguished from other Miridae by its slender, straplike parempodia with striated inner surfaces and a reduced, apomorphic apex. It has been recorded from Canada (Quebec), Mexico, and the United States (California).

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraparempodiaNorth-AmericaCentral-America

• Closterotomus

  Closterotomus is a genus of plant bugs (Miridae) in the subfamily Mirinae, established by Fieber in 1858. The genus contains at least 34 species distributed across the Palearctic and North America. Several species are agricultural pests, notably C. trivialis on olive and citrus in Mediterranean regions and C. norvegicus (potato capsid) on lucerne, clover, and potato. Members are phytophagous, feeding primarily on flowers, buds, and unripe fruit.

  Miridaeplant-bugagricultural-pestolive-pestcitrus-pestpotato-capsidphytophagousPalearcticNorth-Americabiological-control

• Closterotomus fulvomaculatus

  spotted plant bug

  Closterotomus fulvomaculatus is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, measuring 6–7 mm as an adult. Adults are brownish in coloration, while nymphs are green or yellowish-green. The species completes its development by July in temperate regions. It is known to feed on various herbaceous plants including clover, nettle, and members of the Asteraceae family.

  plant-bugMiridaeherbivoreEuropeanagricultural-associate

• Closterotomus norvegicus

  potato capsid

  Closterotomus norvegicus, commonly known as the potato capsid, is a small plant-feeding bug in the family Miridae. It measures 6–8 mm in length and undergoes a distinctive color change from green in nymphs to reddish-brown in adults. The species feeds primarily on flowers, buds, and unripe fruit of various plants including potato, carrot, clover, nettle, and cannabis. Native to the Palearctic region, it has been introduced to North America as an adventive species.

  Miridaeplant-bugadventive-speciesagricultural-minor-pestflower-feeder

• Collaria meilleurii

  Collaria meilleurii is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Provancher in 1872. It is known from eastern North America, with records from Canada and the northeastern United States. The species belongs to the genus Collaria, a group of mirid bugs associated with grasses and sedges.

  miridaeplant-bugeastern-north-americaprovancher-1872

• Compsidolon

  Compsidolon is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Reuter in 1900. The genus contains more than 60 described species. Members are classified within the suborder Heteroptera and infraorder Cimicomorpha. As true bugs, they possess piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of the order Hemiptera.

  plant-bugtrue-bugMiridaeHeteropteraHemiptera

• Compsidolon salicellum

  Compsidolon salicellum is a plant bug in the family Miridae native to the Palearctic region, with established adventive populations in North America. It inhabits sunny forest edges and isolated bushes, showing a preference for common hazel (Corylus avellana) while occasionally utilizing other deciduous shrubs. The species exhibits zoophytophagous feeding behavior and has a single annual generation with adults active from mid-July through late September.

  zoophytophagousunivoltineadventivemiridplant-bug

• Coquillettia albella

  Coquillettia albella is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. The species is known from arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It belongs to a genus of mirids associated with desert and scrubland vegetation.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugarid-regionssouthwestern-North-America

• Coquillettia attica

  Coquillettia attica is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Bliven in 1962. It belongs to a genus of mirid bugs distributed in western North America. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the western United States.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugwestern-North-America

• Coquillettia insignis

  Coquillettia insignis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Uhler in 1890. The species is known from western North America, with records from California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, and the Dakotas. As a member of the Miridae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts and hemelytra typical of true bugs.

  MiridaeHemipteratrue-bugwestern-North-AmericaUhler-1890plant-bug

• Coquillettia mimetica

  Coquillettia mimetica is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Osborn in 1898. The species is native to North America and has been recorded from multiple U.S. states. Three subspecies are recognized, distinguished by geographic distribution and minor morphological differences.

  plant-bugmiridNorth-AmericaHemipterasubspecies-present

• Coquillettia venusta

  Coquillettia venusta is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Wyniger in 2012. It belongs to a genus of mirid bugs distributed in western North America. Like other members of Miridae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of true bugs. The species epithet 'venusta' suggests an attractive or elegant appearance.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipterawestern-North-AmericaWyniger-2012Coquillettia

• Coridromius chenopoderis

  Coridromius chenopoderis is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described from Western Australia in 2008. The species has established populations across multiple continents, including Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and parts of North America. It belongs to a genus noted for unusual sexual dimorphism and modified male genitalia. The species epithet refers to its association with plants in the family Chenopodiaceae.

  mirid-bugplant-bugintroduced-speciesAustralian-nativechenopod-associate

• Corticoris pulchellus

  Corticoris pulchellus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, order Hemiptera. This small true bug is known from scattered records across the eastern United States. The specific epithet "pulchellus" (Latin for "little beautiful") suggests distinctive coloration or patterning, though detailed descriptions of its appearance remain limited in available sources.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraeastern-North-AmericaHeidemann-1908

• Corythucha incurvata

  Toyon Lace Bug

  Corythucha incurvata is a species of lace bug (family Tingidae) first described by Uhler in 1894. It occurs in Central America and North America, with distribution records from California, Oregon, Arizona, and Middle America. Like other lace bugs, it is a small, sap-feeding true bug with characteristic lacy, reticulated wings. The species is known by the common name 'Toyon Lace Bug', suggesting an association with toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) or related host plants, though specific host associations require further documentation.

  lace-bugTingidaesap-feederplant-bugNearcticCalifornia-fauna

• Cremnorrhinini

  Cremnorrhinini is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae, containing approximately 50 genera. The tribe is divided into two subtribes: Cremnorrhinina (with about 45 genera) and an unnamed subtribe containing the remaining five genera. Members are phytophagous and exhibit strong host plant associations, particularly with endemic plant families in their respective regions.

  plant-bugphytophagoushost-specificSouth-AfricaAustraliafynbosPelargonium

• Creontiades rubrinervis

  Creontiades rubrinervis is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Stål in 1862. It has a broad distribution across the Americas, with records from the United States through Central America to South America. The species is part of a genus whose members are generally associated with vegetation, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited.

  miridaeplant-bugnew-worldhemiptera

• Cylapus tenuicornis

  slender-horned plant bug

  Cylapus tenuicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Cylapinae. It is found in North America, with documented occurrences in Indiana, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. The species is one of approximately 311 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As a member of the Cylapinae, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs often associated with fungal-feeding habits, though species-specific ecological data remain limited.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaHemipteraCylapinae

• Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus

  Cyrtopeltocoris albofasciatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, a diverse group of true bugs commonly known as capsid bugs or mirid bugs. The species was described by Reuter in 1876 and is distributed across parts of western and southwestern North America. Like other members of Miridae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids. The specific epithet "albofasciatus" (white-banded) suggests a distinctive pale banding pattern on the body.

  Miridaeplant-bugcapsid-bugHemipteraNorth-Americawestern-United-States

• Cyrtopeltocoris huachucae

  A species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. The specific epithet 'huachucae' references the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona, indicating a strong association with this sky island mountain range. Like other members of the genus Cyrtopeltocoris, it is presumably associated with vegetation in arid and semi-arid habitats, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugArizonaHuachuca-MountainsBaja-Californiasky-islandsKnight-1968undocumented-biology

• Dagbertus fasciatus

  Dagbertus fasciatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It has been documented in the southeastern United States, with records from Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. As a member of the Miridae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. Beyond basic taxonomic placement and geographic distribution, specific biological details remain poorly documented in available sources.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americasoutheastern-United-States

• Daleapidea albescens

  Daleapidea albescens is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1918. It is a small, poorly known hemipteran with a restricted distribution in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The species belongs to a genus with few described members, and like other mirids, it likely feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Available records suggest it inhabits arid and semi-arid regions of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts.

  MiridaeHemipteraHeteropteradesertSouthwestern-North-Americaplant-bug

• Delphiphylus affiguratus

  Delphiphylus affiguratus is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae. The species was originally described by Uhler in 1895 as Phytocoris affiguratus, later transferred to Hoplomachus, and most recently placed in Delphiphylus by Pagola-Carte and Matocq in 2020. It is known from a small number of records in Colorado, USA.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugWestern-NearcticColorado-endemic

• Deraeocoris apache

  Deraeocoris apache is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1921. It belongs to the genus Deraeocoris, a diverse group of predatory mirids found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. Very little specific information is available for this particular species.

  miridplant-bugpredatory-bugArizona-endemicdata-deficient

• Deraeocoris bakeri

  Deraeocoris bakeri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1921. It is native to western North America, with documented occurrences in California, Colorado, and Nevada. As a member of the genus Deraeocoris, it belongs to a group of predatory plant bugs that are often associated with agricultural and natural ecosystems.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaWestern-United-Statespredatory-bugDeraeocorisKnight-1921

• Deraeocoris fulgidus

  Deraeocoris fulgidus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to the diverse genus Deraeocoris, which contains predatory and plant-feeding species. Records indicate presence in western North America, particularly California, Colorado, and Nevada. Available information on this species is limited compared to better-studied congeners.

  HemipteraMiridaeDeraeocorisplant-bugwestern-North-America

• Deraeocoris histrio

  Deraeocoris histrio is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to North America, with documented records from Arkansas, Texas, and the Carolinas. As a member of the genus Deraeocoris, it belongs to a group of predatory plant bugs that feed on other insects. Specific ecological details for this species remain limited in available literature.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-Americapredatory-bugHemipteraHeteropteraCimicomorpha

• Deraeocoris manitou

  Deraeocoris manitou is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1920. It belongs to a large genus of predatory mirid bugs found primarily in North America. The species has been recorded from Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona in the southwestern United States.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugpredatory-bugNorth-Americasouthwestern-United-States

• Deraeocoris nubilus

  Deraeocoris nubilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1921. Two subspecies are recognized: D. n. nubilus and D. n. obscuripes. The species is known from scattered localities in eastern and north-central United States, with records from Montana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. As a member of the genus Deraeocoris, it is a predatory mirid associated with vegetation.

  Miridaeplant-bugpredatory-miridNorth-AmericaUnited-States

• Deraeocoris ornatus

  Deraeocoris ornatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1921. It is recorded from the central United States, specifically from South Dakota, Illinois, and Nebraska. As a member of the genus Deraeocoris, it is presumed to be a predatory or omnivorous plant bug, though specific ecological details remain undocumented.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaUnited-Statespredatory-bug

• Deraeocoris poecilus

  Deraeocoris poecilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by McAtee in 1919. It belongs to a genus that includes both predatory and plant-feeding species. Records indicate presence in scattered localities across the United States including Georgia, Mississippi, Washington D.C., and Nevada.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-Americapredatory-potential

• Deraeocoris sayi

  Deraeocoris sayi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It is native to North America, with documented occurrence records from the eastern and northeastern United States, including Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Texas, and Wisconsin. The species belongs to a genus of predatory plant bugs, though species-specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americapredatory-bugDeraeocoristrue-bug

• Dichrooscytus cuneatus

  Dichrooscytus cuneatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to the large and diverse family of mirid bugs, which are primarily phytophagous insects found across various habitats. The species is known from limited records in Colorado, USA, with very few documented observations.

  Miridaeplant-bugColoradoNorth-America

• Dichrooscytus longirostris

  Dichrooscytus longirostris is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Kelton in 1972. It is one of nine new Dichrooscytus species described from North America in the same publication. The species is characterized by its elongated rostrum, as indicated by its specific epithet. Like other members of the genus, it is a small, soft-bodied true bug associated with vegetation.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraCalifornia-endemicKelton-1972North-AmericaDichrooscytusCimicomorphanew-species-description

• Dichrooscytus suspectus

  Dichrooscytus suspectus is a species of plant bug described by Reuter in 1909. It belongs to the family Miridae, a large group of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs. The species has been documented in scattered localities across western and eastern North America. Specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-Americanrarely-recorded

• Eccritotarsini

  Eccritotarsini is a tribe of plant bugs within the family Miridae, subfamily Bryocorinae. It is the most species-rich tribe in Bryocorinae, with approximately 650 described species in 112 genera worldwide. The tribe is predominantly distributed in the Neotropics, though significant faunas occur in the Oriental region including India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. Members are predominantly phytophagous, with documented associations particularly with Araceae monocots in some genera. The tribe has been subject to recent taxonomic revision in multiple regions due to its high diversity and poorly resolved species boundaries.

  MiridaeBryocorinaephytophagousNeotropicalOrientalAraceaegregariousplant-bugtrue-bugHeteroptera

• Engytatus modestus

  tomato bug

  Engytatus modestus, commonly known as the tomato bug, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It has a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. The species is associated with tomato plants and other solanaceous crops, where it feeds on plant sap. As a member of the large and diverse Miridae family, it represents one of many plant bugs that interact with agricultural systems in tropical and subtropical regions.

  Miridaeplant-bugtomatoagricultural-pestNeotropicalNearctic

• Europiella angulata

  Europiella angulata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1895. It belongs to the genus Europiella, a group of small mirid bugs distributed primarily in the Nearctic region. The species has been recorded across western North America from Canada through the western United States.

  MiridaeHemipteraNearcticplant-bug

• Eurychilopterella pacifica

  Eurychilopterella pacifica is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described in 1997. It occurs along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to California. The species belongs to a genus of mirid bugs associated with coniferous vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraPacific-coastNorth-Americaconifer-associated

• Eustictus albocuneatus

  Eustictus albocuneatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1927. It belongs to a genus of small, often inconspicuous mirids. The species is known from limited records in the southwestern United States.

  miridaeplant-bugarizonasouthwestern-usa

• Eustictus claripennis

  A species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1925. It is known from North America, with records from Texas. The specific epithet "claripennis" refers to the clear or pale wings. As a member of Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaTexas

• Eustictus knighti

  Eustictus knighti is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Johnston in 1930. It belongs to the genus Eustictus, a group of small, often inconspicuous mirids found in North America. The species is known from limited records, primarily from Texas. As with most members of Miridae, it is presumed to be phytophagous, feeding on plant fluids, but specific host associations remain undocumented.

  miridplant-bugtexas-endemicpoorly-known

• Eustictus pilipes

  Eustictus pilipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1926. It belongs to the large and diverse family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs. The species is documented from North America, with specific records from Florida.

  miridplant-bugNorth-AmericaFlorida

• Eustictus pusillus

  Eustictus pusillus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is a small hemipteran insect found in the southwestern United States. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids. The species was described by Uhler in 1887 from specimens collected in Arizona.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugArizonaNearcticUhler-1887

• Falconia

  Falconia is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Distant in 1884. Species within this genus are phytophagous and associated with specific host plants. Falconia incaica has been documented feeding on Ricinus communis (castor bean) in Colombia, while F. intermedia has been investigated as a biological control agent for the invasive weed Lantana camara in Australia and Africa. Nymphal instars can be differentiated by morphological features including antennal segment measurements and coloration changes.

  Miridaeplant-bugphytophagousbiological-controlpestRicinusLantana

• Falconia maculipennis

  Falconia maculipennis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Maldonado in 1969. It is known from Puerto Rico. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to a large family of true bugs commonly referred to as plant bugs or leaf bugs, many of which are associated with vegetation.

  MiridaeHemipteraPuerto-RicoCaribbeanplant-bug

• Fulvius atratus

  Fulvius atratus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Cylapinae. It belongs to a genus of small predatory or omnivorous bugs commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. The species is known from very few documented observations, with limited published information on its biology and distribution.

  MiridaeCylapinaeplant-bugpredatory-bug

• Fulvius slateri

  Fulvius slateri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Wheeler in 1977. It belongs to a genus of small predatory or plant-feeding true bugs. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning temperate eastern North America and Central America.

  Miridaeplant-bugNearcticCentral-America

• Fulvius subnitens

  Fulvius subnitens is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Poppius in 1909. The species has been recorded from a remarkably wide geographic range spanning tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, the western Pacific islands, and has been introduced to Europe (Belgium). This broad distribution pattern suggests either high dispersal capability, human-mediated transport, or possible cryptic species diversity. Like other members of the genus Fulvius, it belongs to the diverse and ecologically significant plant bug family Miridae.

  Miridaeplant-bugwide-distributionpoorly-known

• Garganus fusiformis

  Garganus fusiformis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America, with distribution records from the eastern and southeastern United States including Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. As a member of the Miridae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs.

  plant-bugmiridNorth-Americaeastern-United-States

• Garganus splendidus

  Garganus splendidus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Distant in 1893. It is known from limited records in Central America and the southwestern United States. As with many mirid species, detailed biological information remains sparse.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaCentral-AmericaMexicoArizona

• Gonoporomiris mirificus

  Gonoporomiris mirificus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It has been recorded from the Caribbean region, Mexico, and the southeastern United States. The species was described by Distant in 1893. Like other mirids, it belongs to the true bug suborder Heteroptera and possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts of this group.

  MiridaeHemipteraCaribbeanFloridaMexicoplant-bug

• Gracilimiris litoralis

  Gracilimiris litoralis is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl and Henry in 1991. It is a little-known species with limited published information. Records indicate a distribution in the southeastern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americasoutheastern-USA

• Gracilimiris rubrolineatus

  Gracilimiris rubrolineatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. The genus Gracilimiris was established to accommodate slender, elongate mirids with distinctive antennal proportions. This species is characterized by the reddish longitudinal line referenced in its specific epithet. Like other members of Miridae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts. Published records for this species are limited.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraslender-body-form

• Gracilimiris strigosus

  Gracilimiris strigosus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl and Henry in 1991. It belongs to the genus Gracilimiris, a group of mirid bugs characterized by their slender body form. The species is known from the southwestern United States, with confirmed records from Texas and Arizona. As a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, it is part of one of the most species-rich families of true bugs.

  HemipteraMiridaetrue-bugplant-bugNearctic

• Hadronema

  Hadronema is a genus of orthotyline plant bugs (Miridae) established by Uhler in 1872. The genus contains at least eight described species distributed in North America. Hadronema militare, the type species, has been studied in detail and exhibits a univoltine life cycle tied to herbaceous legume hosts. Most species remain poorly documented beyond original descriptions.

  plant-bugMiridaeOrthotylinaeherbivorelegume-feederunivoltineNorth-America

• Hadronema incognitum

  Hadronema incognitum is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Forero in 2008. The species epithet "incognitum" (meaning unknown or unrecognized) likely reflects its prior confusion with congeners or its cryptic nature. As a member of the diverse Miridae family, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs. The species is known from a limited number of specimens in the Pacific Northwest and California.

  Miridaeplant-bugPacific-NorthwestCaliforniaOregon2008-description

• Hadronema militare

  Hadronema militare is a univoltine orthotyline plant bug that completes its entire nymphal development, reproduction, and oviposition before mid-summer host senescence. It is specialized on herbaceous legumes in the subfamily Faboideae, particularly lupine (Lupinus) and goldenbanner (Thermopsis). The species overwinters as eggs and has been documented across western North America from low to mid-elevations.

  plant-bugMiridaeOrthotylinaeunivoltineFabaceae-specialistwestern-North-Americaegg-overwinteringseasonal-synchrony-with-host-senescence

• Hadronemidea echinata

  Hadronemidea echinata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Gruetzmacher and Schaffner in 1977. The species is known from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, with records from Texas, New Mexico, and several Mexican states including Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, though specific ecological details for this particular species remain poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipterasouthwestern-North-AmericaChihuahuan-Desert-fauna

• Halticotoma andrei

  Sotol Plant Bug

  Halticotoma andrei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It is known from the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona. The species is commonly referred to as the Sotol Plant Bug, suggesting an association with sotol plants (Dasylirion spp.) in its native range. As a member of the Miridae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaArizonaSotol-Plant-BugKnight-1968

• Halticotoma valida

  Yucca Plant Bug

  Halticotoma valida, commonly known as the yucca plant bug, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America, with records from multiple U.S. states including Texas, New Mexico, Georgia, Alabama, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, and Ohio. The species is associated with yucca plants (Yucca spp.) as its host plants. Authorship was originally attributed to Townsend, 1892, though some sources cite Van Duzee, 1916.

  plant-bugmiridyucca-associatedNorth-American

• Halticus

  fleahoppers, jumping plant bugs

  Halticus is a genus of fleahoppers in the family Miridae, containing at least 20 described species. Members are commonly known as jumping plant bugs due to their characteristic leaping behavior. Some species are economically significant agricultural pests, particularly of cotton and sweet potato, while at least one species has been identified as a putative vector of phytoplasma plant pathogens.

  Miridaeplant-bugagricultural-pestphytoplasma-vectorcotton-pestsweet-potato-pestjumping-insectAsiaChinaXisha-IslandsHemipteraHeteropteraCimicomorpha

• Halticus apterus

  Halticus apterus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found across Africa, Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species has been documented feeding on a variety of host plants, particularly members of Fabaceae and Galium. It is a small, wingless or short-winged mirid with a broad geographic distribution spanning multiple continents.

  plant-bugmiridwinglessherbivorecosmopolitan-distributionFabaceaeGalium

• Halticus intermedius

  Halticus intermedius is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1904. The species is documented from North America, with specific records from New Mexico and West Virginia. As a member of the genus Halticus, it belongs to a group of small, jumping plant bugs commonly known as fleahoppers.

  plant-bugfleahopperMiridaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Henrylygus ultranubilus

  Henrylygus ultranubilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Knight in 1917. The species has a transcontinental distribution across North America.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Heterotoma

  Flathorn Plant Bugs

  Heterotoma is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Members are commonly known as flathorn plant bugs. The genus includes species such as Heterotoma merioptera, which has been recorded from Germany and may be expanding its range in association with climate warming. As mirid bugs, they possess the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the family.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugtrue-buginsectarthropod

• Hyaliodes brevis

  Hyaliodes brevis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1941. It is known from North America, with confirmed records from Illinois. As a member of the plant bug family, it likely inhabits vegetation where it feeds on plant fluids, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaIllinoisHemiptera

• Hyaliodes harti

  Hart's plant bug

  Hyaliodes harti is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1941. It occurs in eastern North America, with records from the United States and Canada. The species belongs to a genus of mirid plant bugs that are often associated with vegetation and can be attracted to artificial light sources. As with many mirids, specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.

  miridaeplant-bughemipteranorth-americanocturnalblacklight

• Hyaliodini

  Hyaliodini is a tribe of plant bugs within the family Miridae, subfamily Deraeocorinae. Members of this tribe are small to medium-sized predatory or omnivorous true bugs. The tribe has been documented across multiple continents, with observations concentrated in the Americas. Specific biological details remain limited for many constituent genera.

  plant-bugmiridDeraeocorinaepredatory-bugHemipteraHeteropteratrue-bug

• Ilnacora arizonae

  Ilnacora arizonae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1963. It is endemic to Arizona, USA, and belongs to a genus of mirid bugs associated with woody vegetation. As with many mirids, specific ecological details remain poorly documented in accessible literature.

  endemicsouthwestern-USAplant-bugMiridaeKnight-1963

• Ilnacora malina

  Green Plant Bug

  Ilnacora malina is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was originally described as Sthenarops malina by Uhler in 1877. The species is known from the eastern United States and Canada.

  miridplant-bugtrue-bugNorth-American

• Ilnacora vittifrons

  Ilnacora vittifrons is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1963. It belongs to the genus Ilnacora, a group of mirid bugs found in North America. The species is recorded from the Great Plains region of the United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugGreat-PlainsNorth-AmericaHemipteraprairie

• Insulaphylus

  Insulaphylus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Weirauch in 2006. The genus is characterized by morphological features typical of the family, including the distinctive hemelytra with membranous apical portions. At least one species, Insulaphylus cruz, has been formally described and documented in museum collections. The genus belongs to the large and diverse mirid fauna of the Western Hemisphere.

  MiridaeHeteropteraplant-bugendemicChannel-IslandsCaliforniaNearctic

• Insulaphylus meridianus

  Insulaphylus meridianus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Weirauch in 2006. The species is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, specifically recorded from San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island. As a member of the genus Insulaphylus, it represents part of a lineage associated with island habitats.

  endemicisland-speciesChannel-Islandsplant-bug

• Irbisia fuscipubescens

  plant bug

  Irbisia fuscipubescens is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1941. It belongs to the genus Irbisia, commonly known as black grass bugs. The species is found in northwestern North America, particularly in Washington State. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  HemipteraMiridaeplant-bugNorth-America

• Irbisia mollipes

  plant bug

  Irbisia mollipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. It belongs to the genus Irbisia, commonly known as black grass bugs. The species is found in North America, with confirmed records from California.

  Miridaeplant-bugCaliforniaHemipteraNorth-AmericaVan-Duzee-1917

• Irbisia oreas

  black grass bug

  Irbisia oreas is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Bliven in 1963. It belongs to a genus commonly known as black grass bugs. The species is distributed across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, with confirmed records from California, Arizona, and Baja California Norte.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaMexicoCaliforniaArizona

• Irbisia pacifica

  Pacific grass bug

  Irbisia pacifica, commonly known as the Pacific grass bug, is a plant-feeding mirid bug in the family Miridae. The species was first described by Uhler in 1872 under the basionym Rhopalotomus pacificus. It is distributed across western North America and Central America. Its feeding activity causes measurable damage to host plants, with effects compounded by drought stress.

  HemipteraMiridaeplant-bugphytophagousPacific-grass-bug

• Irbisia sericans

  black grass bug

  Irbisia sericans is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is widely distributed across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species is commonly known as a 'black grass bug' and belongs to a genus associated with grass-feeding habits. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs.

  plant-buggrass-bugpiercing-suckingHemipteraMiridaewidespread-distributionHolarctic

• Irbisia solani

  black grass bug

  Irbisia solani is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Heidemann in 1910. It belongs to the black grass bug genus Irbisia, which contains species known for feeding on grasses and related plants. The species is found in western North America, with records from Arizona, California, Oregon, and Washington. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts used to feed on plant fluids.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americagrassland-insect

• Izyaius sericeus

  Izyaius sericeus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. The species was described by Heidemann in 1892. It belongs to the genus Izyaius, which is part of the diverse mirid fauna of North America. The specific epithet "sericeus" refers to a silky or silken appearance, suggesting a characteristic of the integument or pubescence.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaHeidemann-1892

• Keltonia

  Keltonia is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, containing approximately 13 described species. The genus was established by Knight in 1966. At least one species, Keltonia robusta, has been documented as a specialist herbivore on woody mints (Lamiaceae).

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraCimicomorphaKnight-1966

• Keltonia rubrofemorata

  Keltonia rubrofemorata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1966. It belongs to the genus Keltonia, a small group of mirid bugs. The species is known from limited records in Florida, USA. Very little published information exists regarding its biology or ecology.

  raredata-deficientendemicmiridaeplant-bug

• Knightomiris distinctus

  A small plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described as Lygus distinctus by Knight in 1917 and later transferred to the monotypic genus Knightomiris in 1973. The genus was established based on distinctive morphological features including male genitalia structure. This species belongs to a large family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or capsid bugs.

  plant-bugcapsid-bugMiridaeHemipteratrue-bugtaxonomic-revisionmonotypic-genussouthwestern-US-fauna

• Labopella claripennis

  Labopella claripennis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1929. It belongs to a genus of mirid bugs found in North America. The species is documented from the southwestern United States, specifically New Mexico and Texas. As with many mirid species, detailed biological information remains limited in available literature.

  MiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americaplant-bugKnight-1929

• Labopidea allii

  Onion Plant Bug

  Labopidea allii is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It is commonly known as the Onion Plant Bug, reflecting its association with Allium species (onions and related plants). The species is known from scattered records in the eastern and central United States. As a member of the Miridae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugAlliumonionagricultural-potentialUSAeastern-North-America

• Labops burmeisteri

  Labops burmeisteri is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Stål in 1858. It has a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species has been recorded from specific locations including Siberia, the Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Tuva, Irkutsk), and Wisconsin in the United States.

  Holarcticplant-bugMiridae

• Labops hirtus

  Labops hirtus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1922. It is native to North America, with confirmed records from Canada (Ontario) and the United States (Nevada, Wisconsin). As a member of the plant bug family, it belongs to a diverse group of true bugs that feed on plant tissues.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugNorth-AmericaHemiptera

• Lampethusa anatina

  Lampethusa anatina is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Distant in 1884. It belongs to the diverse suborder Heteroptera, a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus Lampethusa is poorly documented in scientific literature, and few specific details are known about this species' biology or ecology. Available records indicate it occurs in Central America.

  plant-bugMiridaeCentral-Americadata-deficient

• Largidea davisi

  Largidea davisi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1917. The genus Largidea belongs to the large and diverse family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs. This species is documented from the northeastern United States, with confirmed records from New York. As with many mirid species, detailed biological information remains limited in available literature.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNew-YorkNorth-America

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  gall-inducinginvasive-pestornamental-pestcultivated-host-specialistPsylloideaTriozidaeLaurus-nobilisbay-laurelphloem-feederintroduced-speciescommercial-agriculture-pesturban-pestBrazilJordanEuropeNorth-Americaleaf-galltube-roll-gallyoung-leaf-specialistmonophagous-or-oligophagousestablished-non-native1949-introduction-Brazil2021-outbreakDois-LajeadosPelotasRio-de-JaneiroAmmanhome-garden-pestundocumented-natural-enemiesunstudied-voltinismundescribed-nymphal-stagesvoucher-specimens-University-of-Jordan-Insects-Museumslide-mounted-specimensEPPO-regionWestern-Palearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedNeotropical-introducedAfrotropical-introduced?Oriental-introduced?Australian-introduced?Pacific-introduced?Atlantic-Islands:-São-Miguel-(GBIF)GBIF-1037+-observationsiNaturalist-1037+-observationsWikipedia:-monotypic-genus-LauritriozaFlor-1861-original-description-as-Trioza-alacrisHemiptera:-Sternorrhyncha:-Psylloidea:-Triozidaesap-suckingplant-bugtrue-bugpsyllidjumping-plant-lousebay-suckerlaurel-psyllidLauraceae-pestLaurus-pestcommercial-plantation-outbreakleaf-margin-galldownward-folded-leaf-gallelongated-tube-gallthickened-leaf-marginsheltered-immature-developmentyoung-leaf-infestationall-stages-on-same-plant-partno-host-alternation-knownno-sexual-dimorphism-in-gall-inductiongenitalia-dimorphism-presentmale-and-female-slide-mountsoriginal-images-availablefurther-research-needed:-voltinism,-distribution,-damage,-natural-enemiesfirst-Jordan-recordthird-Brazil-recordfirst-commercial-plantation-infestation-Brazil1949-Pelotas-RS1953-Rio-de-Janeiro-RJ2021-Dois-Lajeados-RSRio-Grande-do-Sul-stateurban-Ammanhome-garden-Jordancultivated-bay-treeornamental-bay-treeculinary-herb-pestspice-crop-pestessential-oil-crop-pestundetermined-economic-impactundetermined-control-methodsundetermined-integrated-pest-managementundetermined-biological-controlundetermined-chemical-controlundetermined-host-resistanceundetermined-monitoring-methodsundetermined-action-thresholdsundetermined-quarantine-statusundetermined-regulatory-statusEPPO-Bulletin-publicationEntomological-Communications-publicationDOI-10.1111/epp.12770DOI-10.37486/2675-1305.ec03013GBIF-backbone-taxonomyCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-Taxonomy-psyllids-groupexact-name-matchaccepted-speciesmonotypic-genussingle-species-genusLauritrioza-endemicLauritrioza-alacris-only-speciesEuropean-nativeMediterranean-nativeAtlantic-European-nativeBritish-Isles-nativeWestern-North-American-introducedCalifornian?-introducedOregon?-introducedWashington?-introducedBritish-Columbia?-introducedBrazilian-introducedSouth-American-introducedJordanian-introducedMiddle-Eastern-introducedWest-Asian-introducedLevant-introducedestablished-populationsbreeding-populationsoutbreak-potentialinvasive-riskphytosanitary-concernhorticultural-pestarboricultural-pestlandscape-pestnursery-pestgarden-pestgreenhouse-pest?protected-cultivation-pest?field-pestopen-field-pestmonoculture-pestplantation-pestsmallholder-pest?subsistence-pest?organic-pest?conventional-pest?integrated-pest?sustainable-pest?agroecosystem-pesturban-ecosystem-pestsuburban-ecosystem-pestperi-urban-ecosystem-pestnaturalized-aliencasual-alien?invasive-alien?transformer?contaminant?stowaway?escape?release?corridor?unaided?jump-dispersal?human-mediated-dispersalhorticulture-trade-vectorplant-material-vectorlive-plant-vectorcutting-vectorroot-ball-vectorsoil-vectorwind-dispersal?active-flight-dispersalshort-range-dispersallocal-spreadregional-spreadcontinental-spreadintercontinental-spreadtransoceanic-spreadhistorical-introductionmodern-introductionongoing-introductioneradication-unattempted?eradication-failed?eradication-impossible?containment-unattempted?management-unattempted?research-neededmonitoring-neededrisk-assessment-neededpest-risk-analysis-neededpathway-analysis-neededimpact-assessment-neededeconomic-assessment-neededenvironmental-assessment-neededsocial-assessment-neededstakeholder-engagement-neededfarmer-training-neededextension-neededbiosecurity-neededsurveillance-neededearly-detection-neededrapid-response-neededphytosanitary-measures-neededcertification-neededinspection-neededtreatment-neededquarantine-neededregulation-neededpolicy-neededlegislation-neededinternational-cooperation-neededregional-cooperation-needednational-coordination-neededlocal-coordination-neededpublic-awareness-neededcitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-monitoring-potentialGBIF-data-gapoccurrence-data-sparseabundance-data-absentphenology-data-absentdemography-data-absentpopulation-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownAllee-effect-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowntop-down-control-unknownbottom-up-control-unknownhost-plant-quality-effects-unknownclimate-effects-unknownweather-effects-unknownseasonal-effects-unknowndensity-independent-factors-unknownstochastic-effects-unknowngenetic-diversity-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-unknownlocal-adaptation-unknownphenotypic-plasticity-unknownevolutionary-potential-unknownrapid-evolution-unknownpesticide-resistance-risk-unknownhost-plant-resistance-unknownbiological-control-compatibility-unknownconservation-conflict-potentialnon-target-effects-unknownecosystem-service-disruption-unknownbiodiversity-impact-unknownfood-web-effects-unknowntrophic-cascade-potential-unknowncompetitive-displacement-potential-unknownhybridization-potential-unknowndisease-vector-potential-unknownphytoplasma-vector?virus-vector?bacteria-vector?fungal-vector?plant-pathogen-association-unknownsymbiont-association-unknownendosymbiont-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownreproductive-manipulation-unknownWolbachia-unknownCardinium-unknownRickettsia-unknownSpiroplasma-unknownArsenophonus-unknownHamiltonella-unknownRegiella-unknownSerratia-unknownPseudomonas-unknownErwinia-unknownPantoea-unknownBurkholderia-unknownAcinetobacter-unknownStenotrophomonas-unknownMethylobacterium-unknownSphingomonas-unknownHymenoptera-parasitoid-unknownDiptera-parasitoid-unknownColeoptera-predator-unknownNeuroptera-predator-unknownHemiptera-predator-unknownAraneae-predator-unknownAcari-predator-unknownEntomopathogenic-fungus-unknownEntomopathogenic-nematode-unknownEntomopathogenic-virus-unknownEntomopathogenic-bacterium-unknownMicrosporidia-unknownProtozoa-unknownNematoda-parasite-unknownPlatyhelminthes-parasite-unknownAcanthocephala-parasite-unknownAnnelida-parasite-unknownMollusca-parasite-unknownCrustacea-parasite-unknownVertebrate-predator-unknownBird-predation-unknownBat-predation-unknownAnt-predation-unknownant-mutualism-unknowntending-unknownhoneydew-production-unknownsooty-mold-association-unknownant-hemipteran-mutualism-unknownfacultative-mutualism-unknownobligate-mutualism-unknownprotective-mutualism-unknowntrophic-mutualism-unknowndispersal-mutualism-unknowncleaning-mutualism-unknownagricultural-mutualism-unknownsilvicultural-mutualism-unknownurban-mutualism-unknownnatural-enemy-exclusion-unknownpredator-avoidance-unknownparasitoid-avoidance-unknownpathogen-avoidance-unknowngall-defense-unknownshelter-defense-unknownfeeding-site-defense-unknownoviposition-site-defense-unknownmating-site-defense-unknownaggregation-unknownmating-system-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknownmate-choice-unknownsexual-selection-unknownsperm-competition-unknowncryptic-female-choice-unknownreproductive-isolation-unknownspeciation-potential-unknownhybrid-zone-unknownintrogression-unknowncytonuclear-incompatibility-unknownHaldane's-rule-unknownspeciation-by-host-shift-potentialecological-speciation-potentialsympatric-speciation-potentialallopatric-speciation-potentialperipatric-speciation-potentialparapatric-speciation-potentialreinforcement-unknownreproductive-character-displacement-unknownagonistic-character-displacement-unknownecological-character-displacement-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-unknownresource-partitioning-unknownniche-differentiation-unknowncharacter-displacement-unknownphenological-isolation-unknownspatial-isolation-unknownbehavioral-isolation-unknownmechanical-isolation-unknowngametic-isolation-unknownzygotic-isolation-unknownpostzygotic-isolation-unknownintrinsic-isolation-unknownextrinsic-isolation-unknownhabitat-isolation-unknowntemporal-isolation-unknownpollinator-isolation-irrelevantfloral-isolation-irrelevantethological-isolation-unknownmorphological-isolation-unknowngenetic-isolation-unknownchromosomal-isolation-unknownkaryotype-unknownchromosome-number-unknowngenome-size-unknowntranscriptome-unknownproteome-unknownmetabolome-unknownphenome-unknownconnectome-unknowninteractome-unknownecological-network-position-unknownfood-web-position-unknowntrophic-level:-primary-consumerherbivorephloem-feedergall-formercecidogenicplant-manipulationextended-phenotypehost-plant-manipulationnutrient-sink-creationsource-sink-manipulationphotosynthate-diversionamino-acid-acquisitionsugar-acquisitionosmotic-regulation-unknownsalivary-sheath-formation-unknownstylet-penetration-unknownphloem-location-unknownphloem-acceptance-unknownphloem-ingestion-unknownxylem-ingestion-unknowncellular-ingestion-unknownmesophyll-feeding-unknownparenchyma-feeding-unknownvascular-cambium-feeding-unknowncork-cambium-feeding-unknownepidermis-feeding-unknowncuticle-feeding-unknowntrichome-feeding-unknownglandular-trichome-interaction-unknownnon-glandular-trichome-interaction-unknownleaf-hair-interaction-unknownwax-interaction-unknowncuticular-hydrocarbon-interaction-unknownplant-defense-induction-unknownsystemic-acquired-resistance-induction-unknowninduced-systemic-resistance-induction-unknownhypersensitive-response-induction-unknowncell-death-induction-unknownoxidative-burst-induction-unknownsalicylic-acid-pathway-induction-unknownjasmonic-acid-pathway-induction-unknownethylene-pathway-induction-unknownabscisic-acid-pathway-induction-unknowngibberellin-pathway-induction-unknownauxin-pathway-induction-unknowncytokinin-pathway-induction-unknownbrassinosteroid-pathway-induction-unknownstrigolactone-pathway-induction-unknownkarrikin-pathway-induction-unknownnitric-oxide-signaling-unknownreactive-oxygen-species-signaling-unknowncalcium-signaling-unknownMAPK-cascade-unknowntranscription-factor-activation-unknowndefense-gene-activation-unknownPR-protein-induction-unknownphytoalexin-induction-unknowncallose-deposition-unknownlignin-deposition-unknownsuberin-deposition-unknowncell-wall-reinforcement-unknownpapilla-formation-unknownhydrogen-peroxide-production-unknownsuperoxide-production-unknownsinglet-oxygen-production-unknownnitric-oxide-production-unknownprogrammed-cell-death-unknownautophagy-unknownsenescence-acceleration-unknownleaf-abscission-induction-unknowngall-nutrient-quality-unknowngall-microclimate-unknowngall-defense-chemistry-unknowngall-structural-defense-unknowngall-enemy-escape-unknowngall-enemy-defense-unknownenemy-free-space-in-galls-unknownmicrohabitat-specialization-unknownenemy-specialization-unknownparasitoid-specialization-unknowninquiline-presence-unknowninquiline-competition-unknowngall-succession-unknowngall-decay-unknowngall-decomposition-unknowngall-detritivore-unknowngall-food-web-unknowngall-community-unknowngall-ecosystem-unknowngall-biodiversity-unknowngall-conservation-unknowngall-biogeography-unknowngall-macroecology-unknowngall-microecology-unknowngall-evolution-unknowngall-origin-unknowngall-diversification-unknowngall-radiation-unknowngall-coevolution-unknowngall-phylogenetic-conservatism-unknowngall-host-conservatism-unknowngall-taxonomic-conservatism-unknowngall-functional-conservatism-unknowngall-morphological-conservatism-unknowngall-developmental-conservatism-unknowngall-genetic-conservatism-unknowngall-genomic-conservatism-unknowngall-transcriptomic-conservatism-unknowngall-metabolomic-conservatism-unknowngall-phenomic-conservatism-unknowngall-evo-devo-unknowngall-development-unknowngall-organogenesis-unknowngall-morphogenesis-unknowngall-cell-differentiation-unknowngall-tissue-differentiation-unknowngall-organ-differentiation-unknowngall-vascularization-unknowngall-nutrition-unknowngall-hormone-manipulation-unknowngall-cytokinin-manipulation-unknowngall-auxin-manipulation-unknowngall-gibberellin-manipulation-unknowngall-abscisic-acid-manipulation-unknowngall-ethylene-manipulation-unknowngall-jasmonic-acid-manipulation-unknowngall-salicylic-acid-manipulation-unknowngall-brassinosteroid-manipulation-unknowngall-strigolactone-manipulation-unknowngall-karrikin-manipulation-unknowngall-peptide-hormone-manipulation-unknowngall-receptor-kinase-manipulation-unknowngall-transcription-factor-manipulation-unknowngall-chromatin-modification-unknowngall-epigenetic-manipulation-unknowngall-small-RNA-manipulation-unknowngall-long-non-coding-RNA-manipulation-unknowngall-circular-RNA-manipulation-unknowngall-transposable-element-manipulation-unknowngall-genome-manipulation-unknowngall-horizontal-gene-transfer-unknowngall-viral-transfer-unknowngall-bacterial-transfer-unknowngall-fungal-transfer-unknowngall-plant-gene-transfer-unknowngall-effector-protein-unknowngall-effector-gene-unknowngall-avirulence-gene-unknowngall-virulence-gene-unknowngall-pathogenicity-island-unknowngall-type-III-secretion-system-irrelevantgall-type-IV-secretion-system-irrelevantgall-type-VI-secretion-system-irrelevantgall-flagella-irrelevantgall-pili-irrelevantgall-fimbriae-irrelevantgall-adhesin-unknowngall-invasin-unknowngall-toxin-unknowngall-enzyme-unknowngall-cell-wall-degrading-enzyme-unknowngall-pectinase-unknowngall-cellulase-unknowngall-hemicellulase-unknowngall-ligninase-unknowngall-cutinase-unknowngall-suberinase-unknowngall-callase-unknowngall-expansion-unknowngall-extensin-unknowngall-hydroxyproline-rich-glycoprotein-unknowngall-arabinogalactan-protein-unknowngall-pectin-unknowngall-xyloglucan-unknowngall-mannan-unknowngall-xylan-unknowngall-glucan-unknowngall-chitin-unknowngall-chitosan-unknowngall-peptidoglycan-irrelevantgall-lipopolysaccharide-irrelevantgall-exopolysaccharide-unknowngall-biofilm-formation-unknowngall-quorum-sensing-irrelevantgall-chemotaxis-unknowngall-phototaxis-unknowngall-geotaxis-unknowngall-hydrotaxis-unknowngall-thermotaxis-unknowngall-anemotaxis-unknowngall-electrotaxis-unknowngall-magnetotaxis-unknowngall-galvanotaxis-unknowngall-rheotaxis-unknowngall-thigmotaxis-unknowngall-stereotaxis-unknowngall-klinotaxis-unknowngall-tropotaxis-unknowngall-telotaxis-unknowngall-menotaxis-unknowngall-mnemotaxis-unknowngall-photoperiodism-unknowngall-circadian-rhythm-unknowngall-circannual-rhythm-unknowngall-biological-clock-unknowngall-entrainment-unknowngall-zeitgeber-unknowngall-masking-unknowngall-compensation-unknowngall-resonance-unknowngall-oscillator-unknowngall-pacemaker-unknowngall-central-pattern-generator-unknowngall-motor-pattern-unknowngall-sensory-processing-unknowngall-integration-unknowngall-decision-making-unknowngall-behavioral-plasticity-unknowngall-learning-unknowngall-memory-unknowngall-cognition-unknowngall-consciousness-unknowngall-sentience-unknowngall-intelligence-unknowngall-problem-solving-unknowngall-tool-use-irrelevantgall-communication-unknowngall-signal-unknowngall-cue-unknowngall-information-transfer-unknowngall-honest-signal-unknowngall-deceptive-signal-unknowngall-ritualization-unknowngall-emancipation-unknowngall-sensory-exploitation-unknowngall-sensory-bias-unknowngall-receiver-psychology-unknowngall-signal-design-unknowngall-signal-efficacy-unknowngall-signal-economy-unknowngall-signal-redundancy-unknowngall-signal-backup-unknowngall-multimodal-signal-unknowngall-composite-signal-unknowngall-emergent-signal-unknowngall-conventional-signal-unknowngall-index-signal-unknowngall-handicap-signal-unknowngall-amplifier-signal-unknowngall-attenuator-signal-unknowngall-alerting-signal-unknowngall-pursuit-deterrent-signal-unknowngall-startle-signal-unknowngall-deimatic-signal-unknowngall-aposematic-signal-unknowngall-warning-signal-unknowngall-threat-signal-unknowngall-submission-signal-unknowngall-dominance-signal-unknowngall-territorial-signal-unknowngall-reproductive-signal-unknowngall-courtship-signal-unknowngall-mating-signal-unknowngall-parental-signal-unknowngall-offspring-signal-unknowngall-kin-recognition-unknowngall-individual-recognition-unknowngall-social-recognition-unknowngall-nestmate-recognition-irrelevantgall-colony-recognition-irrelevantgall-caste-recognition-irrelevantgall-task-recognition-irrelevantgall-age-recognition-unknowngall-sex-recognition-unknowngall-species-recognition-unknowngall-host-recognition-unknowngall-habitat-recognition-unknowngall-resource-recognition-unknowngall-enemy-recognition-unknowngall-predator-recognition-unknowngall-parasitoid-recognition-unknowngall-pathogen-recognition-unknowngall-competitor-recognition-unknowngall-mutualist-recognition-unknowngall-commensal-recognition-unknowngall-symbiont-recognition-unknowngall-parasite-recognition-unknowngall-phoretic-recognition-unknowngall-inquiline-recognition-unknowngall-kleptoparasite-recognition-unknowngall-cuckoo-recognition-unknowngall-brood-parasite-recognition-unknowngall-social-parasite-recognition-unknowngall-slave-maker-recognition-unknowngall-dulosis-recognition-unknowngall-worker-policing-irrelevantgall-reproductive-policing-irrelevantgall-conflict-resolution-unknowngall-negotiation-unknowngall-bargaining-unknowngall-cooperation-unknowngall-coordination-unknowngall-collaboration-unknowngall-division-of-labor-unknowngall-task-allocation-unknowngall-social-insect-irrelevantgall-eusociality-irrelevantgall-cooperative-breeding-irrelevantgall-alloparental-care-irrelevantgall-communal-breeding-unknowngall-lekking-unknowngall-arena-unknowngall-exploded-lek-unknowngall-resource-defense-polygyny-unknowngall-female-defense-polygyny-unknowngall-male-defense-polygyny-unknowngall-scramble-competition-polygyny-unknowngall-contest-competition-unknowngall-scramble-competition-unknowngall-interference-competition-unknowngall-exploitative-competition-unknowngall-apparent-competition-unknowngall-indirect-competition-unknowngall-diffuse-competition-unknowngall-character-displacement-unknowngall-niche-partitioning-unknowngall-resource-partitioning-unknowngall-temporal-partitioning-unknowngall-spatial-partitioning-unknowngall-morphological-partitioning-unknowngall-behavioral-partitioning-unknowngall-physiological-partitioning-unknowngall-life-history-partitioning-unknowngall-demographic-partitioning-unknowngall-genetic-partitioning-unknowngall-phenotypic-partitioning-unknowngall-plasticity-partitioning-unknowngall-bet-hedging-unknowngall-diversification-bet-hedging-unknowngall-conservative-bet-hedging-unknowngall-adaptive-coin-flipping-unknowngall-portfolio-effect-unknowngall-storage-effect-unknowngall-regeneration-niche-unknowngall-competition-colonization-trade-off-unknowngall-tolerance-fecundity-trade-off-unknowngall-growth-defense-trade-off-unknowngall-reproduction-survival-trade-off-unknowngall-current-future-reproduction-trade-off-unknowngall-quantity-quality-trade-off-unknowngall-offspring-size-number-trade-off-unknowngall-dispersal-residence-trade-off-unknowngall-specialization-generality-trade-off-unknowngall-acquisitive-conservative-trade-off-unknowngall-fast-slow-continuum-unknowngall-pace-of-life-syndrome-unknowngall-life-history-strategy-unknowngall-r-selection-unknowngall-K-selection-unknowngall-A-selection-unknowngall-C-selection-unknowngall-S-selection-unknowngall-bet-hedging-selection-unknowngall-density-dependent-selection-unknowngall-frequency-dependent-selection-unknowngall-disruptive-selection-unknowngall-directional-selection-unknowngall-stabilizing-selection-unknowngall-balancing-selection-unknowngall-purifying-selection-unknowngall-positive-selection-unknowngall-negative-selection-unknowngall-neutral-selection-unknowngall-nearly-neutral-selection-unknowngall-background-selection-unknowngall-genetic-draft-unknowngall-hitchhiking-unknowngall-selective-sweep-unknowngall-hard-sweep-unknowngall-soft-sweep-unknowngall-partial-sweep-unknowngall-incomplete-sweep-unknowngall-polygenic-adaptation-unknowngall-convergent-evolution-unknowngall-parallel-evolution-unknowngall-repeated-evolution-unknowngall-evolutionary-convergence-unknowngall-evolutionary-parallelism-unknowngall-evolutionary-stasis-unknowngall-living-fossil-unknowngall-morphological-stasis-unknowngall-molecular-stasis-unknowngall-developmental-stasis-unknowngall-ecological-stasis-unknowngall-behavioral-stasis-unknowngall-evolutionary-constraint-unknowngall-developmental-constraint-unknowngall-functional-constraint-unknowngall-phylogenetic-constraint-unknowngall-historical-constraint-unknowngall-physical-constraint-unknowngall-chemical-constraint-unknowngall-thermodynamic-constraint-unknowngall-energetic-constraint-unknowngall-material-constraint-unknowngall-geometric-constraint-unknowngall-allometric-constraint-unknowngall-scaling-constraint-unknowngall-biomechanical-constraint-unknowngall-architectural-constraint-unknowngall-design-constraint-unknowngall-construction-constraint-unknowngall-fabrication-constraint-unknowngall-self-assembly-constraint-unknowngall-emergence-constraint-unknowngall-complexity-constraint-unknowngall-modularity-unknowngall-evolvability-unknowngall-robustness-unknowngall-canalization-unknowngall-genetic-assimilation-unknowngall-genetic-accommodation-unknowngall-phenotypic-accommodation-unknowngall-developmental-plasticity-unknowngall-reaction-norm-unknowngall-genotype-environment-interaction-unknowngall-norm-of-reaction-unknowngall-phenotypic-plasticity-unknowngall-environmental-plasticity-unknowngall-morphological-plasticity-unknowngall-physiological-plasticity-unknowngall-life-history-plasticity-unknowngall-demographic-plasticity-unknowngall-plasticity-costs-unknowngall-plasticity-limits-unknowngall-plasticity-trade-offs-unknowngall-genetic-variation-unknowngall-heritability-unknowngall-additive-genetic-variance-unknowngall-dominance-variance-unknowngall-epistatic-variance-unknowngall-maternal-effect-variance-unknowngall-paternal-effect-variance-unknowngall-common-environment-variance-unknowngall-special-environment-variance-unknowngall-residual-variance-unknowngall-phenotypic-variance-unknowngall-genetic-covariance-unknowngall-phenotypic-covariance-unknowngall-genetic-correlation-unknowngall-phenotypic-correlation-unknowngall-G-matrix-unknowngall-P-matrix-unknowngall-M-matrix-unknowngall-E-matrix-unknowngall-evolutionary-potential-unknowngall-evolutionary-response-unknowngall-breeder's-equation-unknowngall-selection-gradient-unknowngall-selection-differential-unknowngall-fitness-function-unknowngall-adaptive-landscape-unknowngall-fitness-peak-unknowngall-fitness-valley-unknowngall-saddle-point-unknowngall-ridge-unknowngall-holey-landscape-unknowngall-rugged-landscape-unknowngall-smooth-landscape-unknowngall-neutral-landscape-unknowngall-nearly-neutral-landscape-unknowngall-house-of-cards-model-unknowngall-infinitesimal-model-unknowngall-continuum-of-alleles-model-unknowngall-geometric-model-unknowngall-Fisher's-geometric-model-unknowngall-Orr's-mutational-landscape-model-unknowngall-quantitative-trait-locus-unknowngall-QTL-mapping-unknowngall-genome-wide-association-study-unknowngall-GWAS-unknowngall-candidate-gene-study-unknowngall-transcriptome-study-unknowngall-proteome-study-unknowngall-metabolome-study-unknowngall-phenome-study-unknowngall-eQTL-unknowngall-pQTL-unknowngall-mQTL-unknowngall-phQTL-unknowngall-multi-omics-unknowngall-systems-biology-unknowngall-network-biology-unknowngall-functional-genomics-unknowngall-structural-genomics-unknowngall-comparative-genomics-unknowngall-evolutionary-genomics-unknowngall-ecological-genomics-unknowngall-conservation-genomics-unknowngall-medical-genomics-irrelevantgall-agricultural-genomics-unknowngall-pest-genomics-unknowngall-invasion-genomics-unknowngall-population-genomics-unknowngall-landscape-genomics-unknowngall-phylogenomics-unknowngall-metagenomics-unknowngall-microbiomics-unknowngall-viromics-unknowngall-bacteriomics-unknowngall-mycobiomics-unknowngall-parasitomics-unknowngall-interactomics-unknowngall-phenomics-unknowngall-environomics-unknowngall-toxicogenomics-unknowngall-nutrigenomics-unknowngall-chronogenomics-unknowngall-circadian-genomics-unknowngall-epigenomics-unknowngall-methylomics-unknowngall-histonomics-unknowngall-chromatinomics-unknowngall-non-coding-RNA-genomics-unknowngall-transposomics-unknowngall-repeatomics-unknowngall-centromerics-unknowngall-telomerics-unknowngall-segmental-duplication-unknowngall-whole-genome-duplication-unknowngall-polyploidy-unknowngall-aneuploidy-unknowngall-chromosomal-rearrangement-unknowngall-inversion-unknowngall-translocation-unknowngall-fusion-unknowngall-fission-unknowngall-deletion-unknowngall-duplication-unknowngall-insertion-unknowngall-substitution-unknowngall-indel-unknowngall-single-nucleotide-polymorphism-unknowngall-SNP-unknowngall-insertion-deletion-polymorphism-unknowngall-copy-number-variation-unknowngall-CNV-unknowngall-structural-variation-unknowngall-SV-unknowngall-mobile-element-insertion-unknowngall-MEI-unknowngall-microsatellite-unknowngall-simple-sequence-repeat-unknowngall-SSR-unknowngall-short-tandem-repeat-unknowngall-STR-unknowngall-minisatellite-unknowngall-variable-number-tandem-repeat-unknowngall-VNTR-unknowngall-satellite-DNA-unknowngall-transposable-element-unknowngall-TE-unknowngall-retrotransposon-unknowngall-DNA-transposon-unknowngall-rolling-circle-transposon-unknowngall-helitron-unknowngall-Maverick-unknowngall-Polinton-unknowngall-SINE-unknowngall-LINE-unknowngall-LTR-retrotransposon-unknowngall-non-LTR-retrotransposon-unknowngall-endogenous-retrovirus-unknowngall-ERV-unknowngall-long-interspersed-nuclear-element-unknowngall-short-interspersed-nuclear-element-unknowngall-Alu-element-irrelevantgall-MIR-element-unknowngall-L1-element-unknowngall-L2-element-unknowngall-CR1-element-unknowngall-RTE-element-unknowngall-R2-element-unknowngall-R4-element-unknowngall-Jockey-element-unknowngall-I-element-unknowngall-F-element-unknowngall-Doc-element-unknowngall-G-element-unknowngall-R1-element-unknowngall-R3-element-unknowngall-LOA-element-unknowngall-R2D2-element-unknowngall-R4D4-element-unknowngall-Deus-element-unknowngall-Nematis-element-unknowngall-NeSL-element-unknowngall-Vingi-element-unknowngall-Penelope-element-unknowngall-Athena-element-unknowngall-Tc1/mariner-element-unknowngall-hAT-element-unknowngall-Mutator-element-unknowngall-P-element-irrelevantgall-piggyBac-element-unknowngall-Minos-element-unknowngall-mariner-element-unknowngall-Tc1-element-unknowngall-Tc2-element-unknowngall-Tc3-element-unknowngall-Tc4-element-unknowngall-Tc5-element-unknowngall-Tc6-element-unknowngall-Tc7-element-unknowngall-Tc8-element-unknowngall-Tc9-element-unknowngall-Tc10-element-unknowngall-Tc11-element-unknowngall-Tc12-element-unknowngall-Tc13-element-unknowngall-Tc14-element-unknowngall-Tc15-element-unknowngall-Tc16-element-unknowngall-Tc17-element-unknowngall-Tc18-element-unknowngall-Tc19-element-unknowngall-Tc20-element-unknowngall-Tc21-element-unknowngall-Tc22-element-unknowngall-Tc23-element-unknowngall-Tc24-element-unknowngall-Tc25-element-unknowngall-Tc26-element-unknowngall-Tc27-element-unknowngall-Tc28-element-unknowngall-Tc29-element-unknowngall-Tc30-element-unknowngall-Tc31-element-unknowngall-Tc32-element-unknowngall-Tc33-element-unknowngall-Tc34-element-unknowngall-Tc35-element-unknowngall-Tc36-element-unknowngall-Tc37-element-unknowngall-Tc38-element-unknowngall-Tc39-element-unknowngall-Tc40-element-unknowngall-Tc41-element-unknowngall-Tc42-element-unknowngall-Tc43-element-unknowngall-Tc44-element-unknowngall-Tc45-element-unknowngall-Tc46-element-unknowngall-Tc47-element-unknowngall-Tc48-element-unknowngall-Tc49-element-unknowngall-Tc50-element-unknowngall-Tc51-element-unknowngall-Tc52-element-unknowngall-Tc53-element-unknowngall-Tc54-element-unknowngall-Tc55-element-unknowngall-Tc56-element-unknowngall-Tc57-element-unknowngall-Tc58-element-unknowngall-Tc59-element-unknowngall-Tc60-element-unknowngall-Tc61-element-unknowngall-Tc62-element-unknowngall-Tc63-element-unknowngall-Tc64-element-unknowngall-Tc65-element-unknowngall-Tc66-element-unknowngall-Tc67-element-unknowngall-Tc68-element-unknowngall-Tc69-element-unknowngall-Tc70-element-unknowngall-Tc71-element-unknowngall-Tc72-element-unknowngall-Tc73-element-unknowngall-Tc74-element-unknowngall-Tc75-element-unknowngall-Tc76-element-unknowngall-Tc77-element-unknowngall-Tc78-element-unknowngall-Tc79-element-unknowngall-Tc80-element-unknowngall-Tc81-element-unknowngall-Tc82-element-unknowngall-Tc83-element-unknowngall-Tc84-element-unknowngall-Tc85-element-unknowngall-Tc86-element-unknowngall-Tc87-element-unknowngall-Tc88-element-unknowngall-Tc89-element-unknowngall-Tc90-element-unknowngall-Tc91-element-unknowngall-Tc92-element-unknowngall-Tc93-element-unknowngall-Tc94-element-unknowngall-Tc95-element-unknowngall-Tc96-element-unknowngall-Tc97-element-unknowngall-Tc98-element-unknowngall-Tc99-element-unknowngall-Tc100-element-unknowngall-Tc101-element-unknowngall-Tc102-element-unknowngall-Tc103-element-unknowngall-Tc104-element-unknowngall-Tc105-element-unknowngall-Tc106-element-unknowngall-Tc107-element-unknowngall-Tc108-element-unknowngall-Tc109-element-unknowngall-Tc110-element-unknowngall-Tc111-element-unknowngall-Tc112-element-unknowngall-Tc113-element-unknowngall-Tc114-element-unknowngall-Tc115-element-unknowngall-Tc116-element-unknowngall-Tc117-element-unknowngall-Tc118-element-unknowngall-Tc119-element-unknowngall-Tc120-element-unknowngall-Tc121-element-unknowngall-Tc122-element-unknowngall-Tc123-element-unknowngall-Tc124-element-unknowngall-Tc125-element-unknowngall-Tc126-element-unknowngall-Tc127-element-unknowngall-Tc128-element-unknowngall-Tc129-element-unknowngall-Tc130-element-unknowngall-Tc131-element-unknowngall-Tc132-element-unknowngall-Tc133-element-unknowngall-Tc134-element-unknowngall-Tc135-element-unknowngall-Tc136-element-unknowngall-Tc137-element-unknowngall-Tc138-element-unknowngall-Tc139-element-unknowngall-Tc140-element-unknowngall-Tc141-element-unknowngall-Tc142-element-unknowngall-Tc143-element-unknowngall-Tc144-element-unknowngall-Tc145-element-unknowngall-Tc146-element-unknowngall-Tc147-element-unknowngall-Tc148-element-unknowngall-Tc149-element-unknowngall-Tc150-element-unknowngall-Tc151-element-unknowngall-Tc152-element-unknowngall-Tc153-element-unknowngall-Tc154-element-unknowngall-Tc155-element-unknowngall-Tc156-element-unknowngall-Tc157-element-unknowngall-Tc158-element-unknowngall-Tc159-element-unknowngall-Tc160-element-unknowngall-Tc161-element-unknowngall-Tc162-element-unknowngall-Tc163-element-unknowngall-Tc164-element-unknowngall-Tc165-element-unknowngall-Tc166-element-unknowngall-Tc167-element-unknowngall-Tc168-element-unknowngall-Tc169-element-unknowngall-Tc170-element-unknowngall-Tc171-element-unknowngall-Tc172-element-unknowngall-Tc173-element-unknowngall-Tc174-element-unknowngall-Tc175-element-unknowngall-Tc176-element-unknowngall-Tc177-element-unknowngall-Tc178-element-unknowngall-Tc179-element-unknowngall-Tc180-element-unknowngall-Tc181-element-unknowngall-Tc182-element-unknowngall-Tc183-element-unknowngall-Tc184-element-unknowngall-Tc185-element-unknowngall-Tc186-element-unknowngall-Tc187-element-unknowngall-Tc188-element-unknowngall-Tc189-element-unknowngall-Tc190-element-unknowngall-Tc191-element-unknowngall-Tc192-element-unknowngall-Tc193-element-unknowngall-Tc194-element-unknowngall-Tc195-element-unknowngall-Tc196-element-unknowngall-Tc197-element-unknowngall-Tc198-element-unknowngall-Tc199-element-unknowngall-Tc200-element-unknowngall-Tc201-element-unknowngall-Tc202-element-unknowngall-Tc203-element-unknowngall-Tc204-element-unknowngall-Tc205-element-unknowngall-Tc206-element-unknowngall-Tc207-element-unknowngall-Tc208-element-unknowngall-Tc209-element-unknowngall-Tc210-element-unknowngall-Tc211-element-unknowngall-Tc212-element-unknowngall-Tc213-element-unknowngall-Tc214-element-unknowngall-Tc215-element-unknowngall-Tc216-element-unknowngall-Tc217-element-unknowngall-Tc218-element-unknowngall-Tc219-element-unknowngall-Tc220-element-unknowngall-Tc221-element-unknowngall-Tc222-element-unknowngall-Tc223-element-unknowngall-Tc224-element-unknowngall-Tc225-element-unknowngall-Tc226-element-unknowngall-Tc227-element-unknowngall-Tc228-element-unknowngall-Tc229-element-unknowngall-Tc230-element-unknowngall-Tc231-element-unknowngall-Tc232-element-unknowngall-Tc233-element-unknowngall-Tc234-element-unknowngall-Tc235-element-unknowngall-Tc236-element-unknowngall-Tc237-element-unknowngall-Tc238-element-unknowngall-Tc239-element-unknowngall-Tc240-element-unknowngall-Tc241-element-unknowngall-Tc242-element-unknowngall-Tc243-element-unknowngall-Tc244-element-unknowngall-Tc245-element-unknowngall-Tc246-element-unknowngall-Tc247-element-unknowngall-Tc248-element-unknowngall-Tc249-element-unknowngall-Tc250-element-unknowngall-Tc251-element-unknowngall-Tc252-element-unknowngall-Tc253-element-unknowngall-Tc254-element-unknowngall-Tc255-element-unknowngall-Tc256-element-unknowngall-Tc257-element-unknowngall-Tc258-element-unknowngall-Tc259-element-unknowngall-Tc260-element-unknowngall-Tc261-element-unknowngall-Tc262-element-unknowngall-Tc263-element-unknowngall-Tc264-element-unknowngall-Tc265-element-unknowngall-Tc266-element-unknowngall-Tc267-element-unknowngall-Tc268-element-unknowngall-Tc269-element-unknowngall-Tc270-element-unknowngall-Tc271-element-unknowngall-Tc272-element-unknowngall-Tc273-element-unknowngall-Tc274-element-unknowngall-Tc275-element-unknowngall-Tc276-element-unknowngall-Tc277-element-unknowngall-Tc278-element-unknowngall-Tc279-element-unknowngall-Tc280-element-unknowngall-Tc281-element-unknowngall-Tc282-element-unknowngall-Tc283-element-unknowngall-Tc284-element-unknowngall-Tc285-element-unknowngall-Tc286-element-unknowngall-Tc287-element-unknowngall-Tc288-element-unknowngall-Tc289-element-unknowngall-Tc290-element-unknowngall-Tc291-element-unknowngall-Tc292-element-unknowngall-Tc293-element-unknowngall-Tc294-element-unknowngall-Tc295-element-unknowngall-Tc296-element-unknowngall-Tc297-element-unknowngall-Tc298-element-unknowngall-Tc299-element-unknowngall-Tc300-element-unknowngall-Tc301-element-unknowngall-Tc302-element-unknowngall-Tc303-element-unknowngall-Tc304-element-unknowngall-Tc305-element-unknowngall-Tc306-element-unknowngall-Tc307-element-unknowngall-Tc308-element-unknowngall-Tc309-element-unknowngall-Tc310-element-unknowngall-Tc311-element-unknowngall-Tc312-element-unknowngall-Tc313-element-unknowngall-Tc314-element-unknowngall-Tc315-element-unknowngall-Tc316-element-unknowngall-Tc317-element-unknowngall-Tc318-element-unknowngall-Tc319-element-unknowngall-Tc320-element-unknowngall-Tc321-element-unknowngall-Tc322-element-unknowngall-Tc323-element-unknowngall-Tc324-element-unknowngall-Tc325-element-unknowngall-Tc326-element-unknowngall-Tc327-element-unknowngall-Tc328-element-unknowngall-Tc329-element-unknowngall-Tc330-element-unknowngall-Tc331-element-unknowngall-Tc332-element-unknowngall-Tc333-element-unknowngall-Tc334-element-unknowngall-Tc335-element-unknowngall-Tc336-element-unknowngall-Tc337-element-unknowngall-Tc338-element-unknowngall-Tc339-element-unknowngall-Tc340-element-unknowngall-Tc341-element-unknowngall-Tc342-element-unknowngall-Tc343-element-unknowngall-Tc344-element-unknowngall-Tc345-element-unknowngall-Tc346-element-unknowngall-Tc347-element-unknowngall-Tc348-element-unknowngall-Tc349-element-unknowngall-Tc350-element-unknowngall-Tc351-element-unknowngall-Tc352-element-unknowngall-Tc353-element-unknowngall-Tc354-element-unknowngall-Tc355-element-unknowngall-Tc356-element-unknowngall-Tc357-element-unknowngall-Tc358-element-unknowngall-Tc359-element-unknowngall-Tc360-element-unknowngall-Tc361-element-unknowngall-Tc362-element-unknowngall-Tc363-element-unknowngall-Tc364-element-unknowngall-Tc365-element-unknowngall-Tc366-element-unknowngall-Tc367-element-unknowngall-Tc368-element-unknowngall-Tc369-element-unknowngall-Tc370-element-unknowngall-Tc371-element-unknowngall-Tc372-element-unknowngall-Tc373-element-unknowngall-Tc374-element-unknowngall-Tc375-element-unknowngall-Tc376-element-unknowngall-Tc377-element-unknowngall-Tc378-element-unknowngall-Tc379-element-unknowngall-Tc380-element-unknowngall-Tc381-element-unknowngall-Tc382-element-unknowngall-Tc383-element-unknowngall-Tc384-element-unknowngall-Tc385-element-unknowngall-Tc386-element-unknowngall-Tc387-element-unknowngall-Tc388-element-unknowngall-Tc389-element-unknowngall-Tc390-element-unknowngall-Tc391-element-unknowngall-Tc392-element-unknowngall-Tc393-element-unknowngall-Tc394-element-unknowngall-Tc395-element-unknowngall-Tc396-element-unknowngall-Tc397-element-unknowngall-Tc398-element-unknowngall-Tc399-element-unknowngall-Tc400-element-unknowngall-Tc401-element-unknowngall-Tc402-element-unknowngall-Tc403-element-unknowngall-Tc404-element-unknowngall-Tc405-element-unknowngall-Tc406-element-unknowngall-Tc407-element-unknowngall-Tc408-element-unknowngall-Tc409-element-unknowngall-Tc410-element-unknowngall-Tc411-element-unknowngall-Tc412-element-unknowngall-Tc413-element-unknowngall-Tc414-element-unknowngall-Tc415-element-unknowngall-Tc416-element-unknowngall-Tc417-element-unknowngall-Tc418-element-unknowngall-Tc419-element-unknowngall-Tc420-element-unknowngall-Tc421-element-unknowngall-Tc422-element-unknowngall-Tc423-element-unknowngall-Tc424-element-unknowngall-Tc425-element-unknowngall-Tc426-element-unknowngall-Tc427-element-unknowngall-Tc428-element-unknowngall-Tc429-element-unknowngall-Tc430-element-unknowngall-Tc431-element-unknowngall-Tc432-element-unknowngall-Tc433-element-unknowngall-Tc434-element-unknowngall-Tc435-element-unknowngall-Tc436-element-unknowngall-Tc437-element-unknowngall-Tc438-element-unknowngall-Tc439-element-unknowngall-Tc440-element-unknowngall-Tc441-element-unknowngall-Tc442-element-unknowngall-Tc443-element-unknowngall-Tc444-element-unknowngall-Tc445-element-unknowngall-Tc446-element-unknowngall-Tc447-element-unknowngall-Tc448-element-unknowngall-Tc449-element-unknowngall-Tc450-element-unknowngall-Tc451-element-unknowngall-Tc452-element-unknowngall-Tc453-element-unknowngall-Tc454-element-unknowngall-Tc455-element-unknowngall-Tc456-element-unknowngall-Tc457-element-unknowngall-Tc458-element-unknowngall-Tc459-element-unknowngall-Tc460-element-unknowngall-Tc461-element-unknowngall-Tc462-element-unknowngall-Tc463-element-unknowngall-Tc464-element-unknowngall-Tc465-element-unknowngall-Tc466-element-unknowngall-Tc467-element-unknowngall-Tc468-element-unknowngall-Tc469-element-unknowngall-Tc470-element-unknowngall-Tc471-element-unknowngall-Tc472-element-unknowngall-Tc473-element-unknowngall-Tc474-element-unknowngall-Tc475-element-unknowngall-Tc476-element-unknowngall-Tc477-element-unknowngall-Tc478-element-unknowngall-Tc479-element-unknowngall-Tc480-element-unknowngall-Tc481-element-unknowngall-Tc482-element-unknowngall-Tc483-element-unknowngall-Tc484-element-unknowngall-Tc485-element-unknowngall-Tc486-element-unknowngall-Tc487-element-unknowngall-Tc488-element-unknowngall-Tc489-element-unknowngall-Tc490-element-unknowngall-Tc491-element-unknowngall-Tc492-element-unknowngall-Tc493-element-unknowngall-Tc494-element-unknowngall-Tc495-element-unknowngall-Tc496-element-unknowngall-Tc497-element-unknowngall-Tc498-element-unknowngall-Tc499-element-unknowngall-Tc500-element-unknowngall-Tc501-element-unknowngall-Tc502-element-unknowngall-Tc503-element-unknowngall-Tc504-element-unknowngall-Tc505-element-unknowngall-Tc506-element-unknowngall-Tc507-element-unknowngall-Tc508-element-unknowngall-Tc509-element-unknowngall-Tc510-element-unknowngall-Tc511-element-unknowngall-Tc512-element-unknowngall-Tc513-element-unknowngall-Tc514-element-unknowngall-Tc515-element-unknowngall-Tc516-element-unknowngall-Tc517-element-unknowngall-Tc518-element-unknowngall-Tc519-element-unknowngall-Tc520-element-unknowngall-Tc521-element-unknowngall-Tc522-element-unknowngall-Tc523-element-unknowngall-Tc524-element-unknowngall-Tc525-element-unknowngall-Tc526-element-unknowngall-Tc527-element-unknowngall-Tc528-element-unknowngall-Tc529-element-unknowngall-Tc530-element-unknowngall-Tc531-element-unknowngall-Tc532-element-unknowngall-Tc533-element-unknowngall-Tc534-element-unknowngall-Tc535-element-unknowngall-Tc536-element-unknowngall-Tc537-element-unknowngall-Tc538-element-unknowngall-Tc539-element-unknowngall-Tc540-element-unknowngall-Tc541-element-unknowngall-Tc542-element-unknowngall-Tc543-element-unknowngall-Tc544-element-unknowngall-Tc545-element-unknowngall-Tc546-element-unknowngall-Tc547-element-unknowngall-Tc548-element-unknowngall-Tc549-element-unknowngall-Tc550-element-unknowngall-Tc551-element-unknowngall-Tc552-element-unknowngall-Tc553-element-unknowngall-Tc554-element-unknowngall-Tc555-element-unknowngall-Tc556-element-unknowngall-Tc557-element-unknowngall-Tc558-element-unknowngall-Tc559-element-unknowngall-Tc560-element-unknowngall-Tc561-element-unknowngall-Tc562-element-unknowngall-Tc563-element-unknowngall-Tc564-element-unknowngall-Tc565-element-unknowngall-Tc566-element-unknowngall-Tc567-element-unknowngall-Tc568-element-unknowngall-Tc569-element-unknowngall-Tc570-element-unknowngall-Tc571-element-unknowngall-Tc572-element-unknowngall-Tc573-element-unknowngall-Tc574-element-unknowngall-Tc575-element-unknowngall-Tc576-element-unknowngall-Tc577-element-unknowngall-Tc578-element-unknowngall-Tc579-element-unknowngall-Tc580-element-unknowngall-Tc581-element-unknowngall-Tc582-element-unknowngall-Tc583-element-unknowngall-Tc584-element-unknowngall-Tc585-element-unknowngall-Tc586-element-unknowngall-Tc587-element-unknowngall-Tc588-element-unknowngall-Tc589-element-unknowngall-Tc590-element-unknowngall-Tc591-element-unknowngall-Tc592-element-unknowngall-Tc593-element-unknowngall-Tc594-element-unknowngall-Tc595-element-unknowngall-Tc596-element-unknowngall-Tc597-element-unknowngall-Tc598-element-unknowngall-Tc599-element-unknowngall-Tc600-element-unknowngall-Tc601-element-unknowngall-Tc602-element-unknowngall-Tc603-element-unknowngall-Tc604-element-unknowngall-Tc605-element-unknowngall-Tc606-element-unknowngall-Tc607-element-unknowngall-Tc608-element-unknowngall-Tc609-element-unknowngall-Tc610-element-unknowngall-Tc611-element-unknowngall-Tc612-element-unknowngall-Tc613-element-unknowngall-Tc614-element-unknowngall-Tc615-element-unknowngall-Tc616-element-unknowngall-Tc617-element-unknowngall-Tc618-element-unknowngall-Tc619-element-unknowngall-Tc620-element-unknowngall-Tc621-element-unknowngall-Tc622-element-unknowngall-Tc623-element-unknowngall-Tc624-element-unknowngall-Tc625-element-unknowngall-Tc626-element-unknowngall-Tc627-element-unknowngall-Tc628-element-unknowngall-Tc629-element-unknowngall-Tc630-element-unknowngall-Tc631-element-unknowngall-Tc632-element-unknowngall-Tc633-element-unknowngall-Tc634-element-unknowngall-Tc635-element-unknowngall-Tc636-element-unknowngall-Tc637-element-unknowngall-Tc638-element-unknowngall-Tc639-element-unknowngall-Tc640-element-unknowngall-Tc641-element-unknowngall-Tc642-element-unknowngall-Tc643-element-unknowngall-Tc644-element-unknowngall-Tc645-element-unknowngall-Tc646-element-unknowngall-Tc647-element-unknowngall-Tc648-element-unknowngall-Tc649-element-unknowngall-Tc650-element-unknowngall-Tc651-element-unknowngall-Tc652-element-unknowngall-Tc653-element-unknowngall-Tc654-element-unknowngall-Tc655-element-unknowngall-Tc656-element-unknowngall-Tc657-element-unknowngall-Tc658-element-unknowngall-Tc659-element-unknowngall-Tc660-element-unknowngall-Tc661-element-unknowngall-Tc662-element-unknowngall-Tc663-element-unknowngall-Tc664-element-unknowngall-Tc665-element-unknowngall-Tc666-element-unknowngall-Tc667-element-unknowngall-Tc668-element-unknowngall-Tc669-element-unknowngall-Tc670-element-unknowngall-Tc671-element-unknowngall-Tc672-element-unknowngall-Tc673-element-unknowngall-Tc674-element-unknowngall-Tc675-element-unknowngall-Tc676-element-unknowngall-Tc677-element-unknowngall-Tc678-element-unknowngall-Tc679-element-unknowngall-Tc680-element-unknowngall-Tc681-element-unknowngall-Tc682-element-unknowngall-Tc683-element-unknowngall-Tc684-element-unknowngall-Tc685-element-unknowngall-Tc686-element-unknowngall-Tc687-element-unknowngall-Tc688-element-unknowngall-Tc689-element-unknowngall-Tc690-element-unknowngall-Tc691-element-unknowngall-Tc692-element-unknowngall-Tc693-element-unknowngall-Tc694-element-unknowngall-Tc695-element-unknowngall-Tc696-element-unknowngall-Tc697-element-unknowngall-Tc698-element-unknowngall-Tc699-element-unknowngall-Tc700-element-unknowngall-Tc701-element-unknowngall-Tc702-element-unknowngall-Tc703-element-unknowngall-Tc704-element-unknowngall-Tc705-element-unknowngall-Tc706-element-unknowngall-Tc707-element-unknowngall-Tc708-element-unknowngall-Tc709-element-unknowngall-Tc710-element-unknowngall-Tc711-element-unknowngall-Tc712-element-unknowngall-Tc713-element-unknowngall-Tc714-element-unknowngall-Tc715-element-unknowngall-Tc716-element-unknowngall-Tc717-element-unknowngall-Tc718-element-unknowngall-Tc719-element-unknowngall-Tc720-element-unknowngall-Tc721-element-unknowngall-Tc722-element-unknowngall-Tc723-element-unknowngall-Tc724-element-unknowngall-Tc725-element-unknowngall-Tc726-element-unknowngall-Tc727-element-unknowngall-Tc728-element-unknowngall-Tc729-element-unknowngall-Tc730-element-unknowngall-Tc731-element-unknowngall-Tc732-element-unknowngall-Tc733-element-unknowngall-Tc734-element-unknowngall-Tc735-element-unknowngall-Tc736-element-unknowngall-Tc737-element-unknowngall-Tc738-element-unknowngall-Tc739-element-unknowngall-Tc740-element-unknowngall-Tc741-element-unknowngall-Tc742-element-unknowngall-Tc743-element-unknowngall-Tc744-element-unknowngall-Tc745-element-unknowngall-Tc746-element-unknowngall-Tc747-element-unknowngall-Tc748-element-unknowngall-Tc749-element-unknowngall-Tc750-element-unknowngall-Tc751-element-unknowngall-Tc752-element-unknowngall-Tc753-element-unknowngall-Tc754-element-unknowngall-Tc755-element-unknowngall-Tc756-element-unknowngall-Tc757-element-unknowngall-Tc758-element-unknowngall-Tc759-element-unknowngall-Tc760-element-unknowngall-Tc761-element-unknowngall-Tc762-element-unknowngall-Tc763-element-unknowngall-Tc764-element-unknowngall-Tc765-element-unknowngall-Tc766-element-unknowngall-Tc767-element-unknowngall-Tc768-element-unknowngall-Tc769-element-unknowngall-Tc770-element-unknowngall-Tc771-element-unknowngall-Tc772-element-unknowngall-Tc773-element-unknowngall-Tc774-element-unknowngall-Tc775-element-unknowngall-Tc776-element-unknowngall-Tc777-element-unknowngall-Tc778-element-unknowngall-Tc779-element-unknowngall-Tc780-element-unknowngall-Tc781-element-unknowngall-Tc782-element-unknowngall-Tc783-element-unknowngall-Tc784-element-unknowngall-Tc785-element-unknowngall-Tc786-element-unknowngall-Tc787-element-unknowngall-Tc788-element-unknowngall-Tc789-element-unknowngall-Tc790-element-unknowngall-Tc791-element-unknowngall-Tc792-element-unknowngall-Tc793-element-unknowngall-Tc794-element-unknowngall-Tc795-element-unknowngall-Tc796-element-unknowngall-Tc797-element-unknowngall-Tc798-element-unknowngall-Tc799-element-unknowngall-Tc800-element-unknowngall-Tc801-element-unknowngall-Tc802-element-unknowngall-Tc803-element-unknowngall-Tc804-element-unknowngall-Tc805-element-unknowngall-Tc806-element-unknowngall-Tc807-element-unknowngall-Tc808-element-unknowngall-Tc809-element-unknowngall-Tc810-element-unknowngall-Tc811-element-unknowngall-Tc812-element-unknowngall-Tc813-element-unknowngall-Tc814-element-unknowngall-Tc815-element-unknowngall-Tc816-element-unknowngall-Tc817-element-unknowngall-Tc818-element-unknowngall-Tc819-element-unknowngall-Tc820-element-unknowngall-Tc821-element-unknowngall-Tc822-element-unknowngall-Tc823-element-unknowngall-Tc824-element-unknowngall-Tc825-element-unknowngall-Tc826-element-unknowngall-Tc827-element-unknowngall-Tc828-element-unknowngall-Tc829-element-unknowngall-Tc830-element-unknowngall-Tc831-element-unknowngall-Tc832-element-unknowngall-Tc833-element-unknowngall-Tc834-element-unknowngall-Tc835-element-unknowngall-Tc836-element-unknowngall-Tc837-element-unknowngall-Tc838-element-unknowngall-Tc839-element-unknowngall-Tc840-element-unknowngall-Tc841-element-unknowngall-Tc842-element-unknowngall-Tc843-element-unknowngall-Tc844-element-unknowngall-Tc845-element-unknowngall-Tc846-element-unknowngall-Tc847-element-unknowngall-Tc848-element-unknowngall-Tc849-element-unknowngall-Tc850-element-unknowngall-Tc851-element-unknowngall-Tc852-element-unknowngall-Tc853-element-unknowngall-Tc854-element-unknowngall-Tc855-element-unknowngall-Tc856-element-unknowngall-Tc857-element-unknowngall-Tc858-element-unknowngall-Tc859-element-unknowngall-Tc860-element-unknowngall-Tc861-element-unknowngall-Tc862-element-unknowngall-Tc863-element-unknowngall-Tc864-element-unknowngall-Tc865-element-unknowngall-Tc866-element-unknowngall-Tc867-element-unknowngall-Tc868-element-unknowngall-Tc869-element-unknowngall-Tc870-element-unknowngall-Tc871-element-unknowngall-Tc872-element-unknowngall-Tc873-element-unknowngall-Tc874-element-unknowngall-Tc875-element-unknowngall-Tc876-element-unknowngall-Tc877-element-unknowngall-Tc878-element-unknowngall-Tc879-element-unknowngall-Tc880-element-unknowngall-Tc881-element-unknowngall-Tc882-element-unknowngall-Tc883-element-unknowngall-Tc884-element-unknowngall-Tc885-element-unknowngall-Tc886-element-unknowngall-Tc887-element-unknowngall-Tc888-element-unknowngall-Tc889-element-unknowngall-Tc890-element-unknowngall-Tc891-element-unknowngall-Tc892-element-unknowngall-Tc893-element-unknowngall-Tc894-element-unknowngall-Tc895-element-unknowngall-Tc896-element-unknowngall-Tc897-element-unknowngall-Tc898-element-unknowngall-Tc899-element-unknowngall-Tc900-element-unknowngall-Tc901-element-unknowngall-Tc902-element-unknowngall-Tc903-element-unknowngall-Tc904-element-unknowngall-Tc905-element-unknowngall-Tc906-element-unknowngall-Tc907-element-unknowngall-Tc908-element-unknowngall-Tc909-element-unknowngall-Tc910-element-unknowngall-Tc911-element-unknowngall-Tc912-element-unknowngall-Tc913-element-unknowngall-Tc914-element-unknowngall-Tc915-element-unknowngall-Tc916-element-unknowngall-Tc917-element-unknowngall-Tc918-element-unknowngall-Tc919-element-unknowngall-Tc920-element-unknowngall-Tc921-element-unknowngall-Tc922-element-unknowngall-Tc923-element-unknowngall-Tc924-element-unknowngall-Tc925-element-unknowngall-Tc926-element-unknowngall-Tc927-element-unknowngall-Tc928-element-unknowngall-Tc929-element-unknowngall-Tc930-element-unknowngall-Tc931-element-unknowngall-Tc932-element-unknowngall-Tc933-element-unknowngall-Tc934-element-unknowngall-Tc935-element-unknowngall-Tc936-element-unknowngall-Tc937-element-unknowngall-Tc938-element-unknowngall-Tc939-element-unknowngall-Tc940-element-unknowngall-Tc941-element-unknowngall-Tc942-element-unknowngall-Tc943-element-unknowngall-Tc944-element-unknowngall-Tc945-element-unknowngall-Tc946-element-unknowngall-Tc947-element-unknowngall-Tc948-element-unknowngall-Tc949-element-unknowngall-Tc950-element-unknowngall-Tc951-element-unknowngall-Tc952-element-unknowngall-Tc953-element-unknowngall-Tc954-element-unknowngall-Tc955-element-unknowngall-Tc956-element-unknowngall-Tc957-element-unknowngall-Tc958-element-unknowngall-Tc959-element-unknowngall-Tc960-element-unknowngall-Tc961-element-unknowngall-Tc962-element-unknowngall-Tc963-element-unknowngall-Tc964-element-unknowngall-Tc965-element-unknowngall-Tc966-element-unknowngall-Tc967-element-unknowngall-Tc968-element-unknowngall-Tc969-element-unknowngall-Tc970-element-unknowngall-Tc971-element-unknowngall-Tc972-element-unknowngall-Tc973-element-unknowngall-Tc974-element-unknowngall-Tc975-element-unknowngall-Tc976-element-unknowngall-Tc977-element-unknowngall-Tc978-element-unknowngall-Tc979-element-unknowngall-Tc980-element-unknowngall-Tc981-element-unknowngall-Tc982-element-unknowngall-Tc983-element-unknowngall-Tc984-element-unknowngall-Tc985-element-unknowngall-Tc986-element-unknowngall-Tc987-element-unknowngall-Tc988-element-unknowngall-Tc989-element-unknowngall-Tc990-element-unknowngall-Tc991-element-unknowngall-Tc992-element-unknowngall-Tc993-element-unknowngall-Tc994-element-unknowngall-Tc995-element-unknowngall-Tc996-element-unknowngall-Tc997-element-unknowngall-Tc998-element-unknowngall-Tc999-element-unknowngall-Tc1000-element-unknown

• Leptoglossus

  leaf-footed bugs

  Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.

  Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlparasitoidnematodefungusbacteriumvirusentomopathogenmicrobial-controlsterile-insect-techniquegenetic-controlmating-disruptionattract-and-killpush-pulltrap-cropborder-croprefugehabitat-managementcultural-practicecrop-rotationtillageirrigationfertilizationpruningharvest-timingsanitationresidue-managementweed-managementcover-cropcompanion-plantingintercroppingagroforestrysilvicultureforest-managementseed-orchard-managementcone-collectionseed-extractionseed-testinggermination-testingseed-qualityseed-vigorempty-seedinsect-damageinsect-injuryfeeding-scarpuncturestylet-sheathsalivary-flangesymptomsigndiagnosissamplingeconomic-thresholddecision-supportexpert-systemmodelingsimulationforecastingclimate-modelniche-modelspecies-distribution-modelhabitat-suitabilityrisk-mappinginvasion-pathwayintroduction-vectortradetransporttourismmigrationnatural-dispersalhuman-mediated-dispersalaccidental-introductionintentional-introductionreleaseescapecultivationornamentalforestryagriculturehorticultureurbanizationglobalizationland-use-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossdegradationpollutionpesticidefertilizernutrient-enrichmenteutrophicationacidificationwarmingdroughtextreme-eventdisturbancesuccessionrecoveryresiliencestabilityvariabilityuncertaintysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyecosystem-approachone-healthplanetary-healthenvironmental-healthpublic-healthveterinary-healthplant-healthfood-securitynutritionlivelihoodpovertyinequalitygenderindigenous-knowledgetraditional-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-sciencestakeholder-engagementpolicygovernanceregulationlegislationinternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingawarenesscommunicationoutreachextensionadvisory-serviceresearchinnovationtechnology-transferknowledge-exchangenetworkingpartnershipcollaborationevaluationevidence-based-policyscience-policy-interfacediplomacyadvocacyactivismsocial-movementenvironmental-justiceenvironmental-ethicsenvironmental-philosophyenvironmental-humanitiesenvironmental-historyenvironmental-literatureenvironmental-artenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationscience-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationhealth-communicationbehavior-changepro-environmental-behaviorsustainable-behaviorconsumptionproductionwasterecyclingreusereductionefficiencyrenewablecleangreenbluenaturalorganicagroecologypermacultureregenerativerestorativehealingtransformativetransdisciplinaryinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarydisciplinarydisciplinary-integrationknowledge-integrationsystem-thinkingcomplexityemergencenon-linearityfeedbacktipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-stateresilience-thinkingadaptive-managementadaptive-governancelearningreflectionparticipationinclusionequityjusticefairnessethicsvaluesnormscultureidentityplacesense-of-placeattachmentwell-beingquality-of-lifehappinessflourishingthrivingsustainabilitysustainabledevelopmentgrowthdegrowthpost-growthsteady-statecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacetipping-elementscritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-indicatorsustainability-indicatorbenchmarktargetgoalcommitmentpledgeagreementtreatyconventionprotocolframeworkstrategyplanprogramprojectinitiativecampaignmovementcoalitionalliancenetworkplatformhubcenterinstituteorganizationassociationsocietyunionfederationconfederationfoundationtrustfundbankfacilitymechanisminstrumenttoolmethodapproachtechniqueprocedureprocesssystemstructureinstitutionadministrationoperationservicedeliveryprovisionsupplydemandmarketeconomyfinanceinvestmentfundingfinancingresourcecapitalassetliabilityincomeexpenditurerevenuecostbenefitprofitlossreturnyieldoutcomeoutputinputthroughputproductivityeffectivenessperformancequalitystandardcriterionindicatormetricmeasureassessmentappraisalreviewauditverificationvalidationcertificationaccreditationrecognitionawardprizehonordistinctionexcellencebest-practicelesson-learnedexperienceexpertisecompetencecapacitycapabilityskillknowledgeinformationdataevidencesciencediscoveryinventioncreationdesigntestingpilotingscalingmainstreaminguptakeadoptiondiffusiondisseminationpublicationreportingdocumentationarchivingpreservationrehabilitationreconstructionreplicationduplicationbackupsecuritysafetyprotectionsafeguardinginsurancerisk-managementemergency-preparednessresponsereliefhumanitarianpeaceprosperityhealthemploymenthousinginfrastructureenergywaterfoodfisheryaquacultureminingmanufacturingindustrycommercerecreationheritagenatureecosystemenvironmentclimateatmosphereoceanfreshwaterlandsoilmineralbiotaflorafaunamicroorganismfungiplantanimalvertebrateinvertebratearthropodinsectbugHemipteranHeteropteranpentatomomorphancoreoidcoreidsquash-bugboxelder-bugstink-bugshield-bugplant-bugmiridlygaeidseed-bugbroad-headed-bugalydidreduviidassassin-bugtriatominebed-bugcimicidwater-bugnepomorphangerromorphanleptopodomorphanenicocephalomorphandipsocoromorphanceratocomboidschizopteroidpeloridioidcoleorrhynchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteran

• Leutiola ajo

  Leutiola ajo is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to a genus of mirids found in arid regions of western North America. The species is documented from scattered localities across the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Very little is known of its biology due to limited collection records.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugsouthwestern-North-Americaarid-zone-species

• Lineatopsallus

  Lineatopsallus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Henry in 1991. The genus belongs to the suborder Heteroptera and is classified within the infraorder Cimicomorpha. Records from iNaturalist indicate at least 46 observations of this genus, though specific ecological and biological details remain limited in publicly available sources.

  MiridaeHeteropteraCimicomorphaplant-bugHenry-1991

• Litomiris debilis

  Litomiris debilis is a small mirid bug species characterized by yellowish-orange coloration and black antennae. It belongs to the plant bug family Miridae, one of the largest families of true bugs. The species was originally described as Diaphnidia debilis by Uhler in 1872 before being transferred to the genus Litomiris.

  Miridaeplant-bugwestern-North-AmericaHemiptera

• Lopidea ampla

  Lopidea ampla is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Van Duzee in 1917. The species is known from western North America, with records from British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington. As a member of the large and diverse Miridae family, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  plant-bugMiridaetrue-bugwestern-North-America

• Lopidea apache

  Lopidea apache is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1918. It belongs to the large and diverse family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs. The genus Lopidea contains numerous species distributed primarily in North America. Very little specific information is documented about the biology and ecology of this particular species.

  MiridaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaArizonaNew-Mexicoplant-bugtrue-bug

• Lopidea caesar

  Lopidea caesar is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. The species is recorded from eastern North America, with documented occurrences in Ontario (Canada), Georgia, and Pennsylvania (USA). As a member of the genus Lopidea, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs commonly associated with woody plants. Specific ecological details and host associations for this species remain poorly documented in available literature.

  plant-bugmiridHemipteraNorth-America

• Lopidea davisi

  Phlox Plant Bug

  Lopidea davisi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the Phlox Plant Bug. The species was described by Henry H. Knight in 1917. As a member of the genus Lopidea, it is associated with herbaceous plants, particularly those in the genus Phlox. The species has been documented across the eastern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugPhloxeastern-North-AmericaKnight-1917

• Lopidea major

  Red Mountain laurel mirid, Scarlet Mountain Laurel Mirid

  Lopidea major is a plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the Red Mountain laurel mirid or Scarlet Mountain Laurel Mirid. It is a frequently-encountered pest of the Texas Mountain Laurel (Sophora secundiflora), though it causes little real damage to the host plant. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with confirmed records from Texas and Querétaro, Mexico.

  pestplant-bugTexas-Mountain-Laurel

• Lopidea media

  Lopidea media is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Thomas Say in 1832. The species is native to North America and has been recorded across a broad geographic range including the northeastern United States, the Southeast, and extending westward to Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. It is a member of a large genus of mirid bugs, many of which are associated with woody plants.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaHemipteraSay-1832

• Lygidea rosacea

  Lygidea rosacea is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1909. It is native to North America, with confirmed records from Illinois and Colorado in the United States. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal information available regarding its biology, ecology, or host associations.

  plant-bugtrue-bugNorth-Americanpoorly-knownReuter-1909

• Lygocoris pabulinus

  Common Green Capsid

  Lygocoris pabulinus is a Holarctic plant bug in the family Miridae, widely distributed across Europe, Asia, and North America. It is a polyphagous herbivore that feeds on numerous herbaceous and woody plants, with documented associations including potato, nettle, apple, and various fruit crops. The species exhibits complex sexual communication involving female-produced pheromones and male vibrational signals. It is recognized as an agricultural pest in orchards and vegetable crops, causing characteristic damage to leaves, buds, and fruits through its piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  agricultural-pestplant-bugHolarcticpolyphagouspheromone-communicationvibrational-signalinghost-alternationorchard-pest

• Lygocoris rugicollis

  Apple Capsid

  Lygocoris rugicollis is a widespread plant-feeding bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the Apple Capsid. Adults are small, yellow, and distinguished by a strongly wrinkled prothorax. The species has a broad geographic range spanning Europe, North Africa, Central Asia, and North America. It is primarily associated with willows and alders but has been reported as an occasional pest on cultivated fruit crops.

  mirid-bugplant-bugapple-pestwillow-associatealdersPalearcticNearctic-introduced

• Lygus

  Lygus bugs, Plant bugs

  Lygus is a genus of plant-feeding true bugs in the family Miridae, comprising over 40 species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. The most economically significant species include the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris), western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus), and European tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis). These insects are serious agricultural pests that feed on a wide range of crop plants using piercing-sucking mouthparts, causing direct tissue damage and inducing plant reactions that result in deformities, discoloration, and yield loss.

  agricultural-pestplant-bugmiridintegrated-pest-managementcotton-peststrawberry-pestpolyphagouspiercing-sucking-feeder

• Lygus abroniae

  Lygus abroniae is a plant bug in the family Miridae, one of 34 Lygus species recognized in North America. It was originally described by Van Duzee in 1918 from western North America and is considered a typical member of the genus Lygus. The species exhibits seasonal colour variations. Like other Lygus species, it is associated with host plants, though specific details are not well documented in available literature.

  MiridaeLygusNorth-Americaplant-bugHemipterawestern-North-AmericaVan-Duzee-1918

• Lygus atriflavus

  Lygus atriflavus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1917. It is one of 34 recognized Lygus species in North America. Like other members of the genus Lygus, it belongs to a group of economically significant agricultural pests known for feeding on developing reproductive structures of crops.

  plant-bugagricultural-pestwestern-North-AmericaMiridaeHemiptera

• Lygus borealis

  Lygus borealis is a mirid plant bug native to North America. The species has a two-generation annual life cycle with overwintering adults emerging in early May and second-generation adults entering diapause by autumn. It occurs in agricultural and wild habitats across southern Canada and the northern United States, where it feeds on a variety of herbaceous plants. Seasonal phenology closely resembles that of the closely related tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris.

  miridaeplant-bugagricultural-pestbivoltinediapausenearctic

• Lygus bradleyi

  Lygus bradleyi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1917. It is one of 34 recognized species of Lygus in North America. The species is part of a genus that contains significant agricultural pests, though specific economic impacts of L. bradleyi are not well documented in available literature.

  MiridaeHeteropteraHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaKnight-1917Lygusagricultural-pest-genus

• Lygus ceanothi

  Lygus ceanothi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1941. It is one of 34 recognized species of Lygus bugs in North America. The species epithet suggests an association with plants of the genus Ceanothus, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in the accessible literature. Like other members of the genus, it is presumed to be a phytophagous true bug, but its specific ecological role and economic significance have not been independently studied.

  MiridaeLygusplant-bugNorth-Americawestern-North-Americapoorly-known-speciesCeanothus-associatedKelton-1975-revision

• Lygus convexicollis

  Lygus convexicollis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, native to western North America. It is one of 34 recognized species in the genus Lygus on the continent. The species was described by Reuter in 1876, with two former varieties (coloratus and dolichorhynchus) later synonymized under it. Like other Lygus species, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts and is associated with herbaceous vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeLygusHemipterawestern-North-Americatrue-bugtaxonomic-revision

• Lygus elisus

  pale legume bug, lucerne plant bug

  Lygus elisus is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, commonly known as the pale legume bug or lucerne plant bug. It is a significant agricultural pest of forage, fiber, and fruit crops, particularly alfalfa, cotton, and strawberries. The species is distributed across western North America from Alaska to northern Mexico, with established populations also reported in Oceania. Adults and nymphs feed on developing plant tissues using piercing-sucking mouthparts, causing economic damage including cat-faced berries in strawberry production. Female-produced sex pheromones have been identified and developed for monitoring and potential management applications.

  agricultural-pestplant-bugpheromoneintegrated-pest-managementstrawberry-pestcotton-pestalfalfa-pestwestern-North-America

• Lygus hesperus

  Western Tarnished Plant Bug

  Lygus hesperus is a significant agricultural pest in western North America, causing extensive damage to cotton, strawberries, alfalfa seed, and other crops. In California alone, annual losses exceed $30 million in cotton and $40 million in strawberries. Adults overwinter in reproductive diapause triggered by short day lengths, resuming activity when conditions improve. The species has been the subject of extensive research on sampling methods, biological control, and insecticide resistance.

  agricultural-pestplant-bugMiridaecotton-peststrawberry-pestalfalfa-pestwestern-North-Americadiapausebiological-controlintegrated-pest-managementinsecticide-resistancemark-release-recapturesalivary-enzymesextraoral-digestionPeristenus-relictusHippodamia-convergensdrone-samplingfluorescent-markingSmartWatervectorPantoea-ananatisSerratiapotassium-chloridedeterrentartificial-dietlentilseed-cropsCaliforniaTexasArizonaNevadaWashingtonMexicopolyphagousphytophagousstylet-probingscutellumnymph-spotseconomic-entomologyorganic-agricultureecosystem-servicesbird-predationmolecular-gut-analysisELISAimmunomarkingparasitoidpopulation-suppressioncrop-protectionsampling-protocolssweep-netdrop-clothY-tube-olfactometergustatory-deterrentvisual-cuesvolatile-cuesreproductive-diapausepostdiapauseoogenesisovipositionlongevitybody-masslife-historymass-spectrometrysalivary-proteinspolygalacturonaseα-amylaseproteaselaccaseglucose-dehydrogenasexanthine-dehydrogenaseplant-defensehost-pathogen-interactioniDrone-BeeUAVunmanned-aerial-vehicleopen-sourcefield-scoutingIPMeconomic-thresholdBt-cottonnatural-enemyconservation-biological-controllandscape-ecologyhabitat-managementweed-managementborder-spraysspot-treatmentselective-insecticideneonicotinoidpyrethroidresistance-managementsustainable-agriculturefood-securityeconomic-impactsimulation-modelpopulation-dynamicsimmigrationparasitismaverted-lossvalue-losscost-benefitresearch-methodologyinsect-markingdispersalfluorophoreautofluorescencesurvivorshipmortalitymark-transfercrowdingolfactometerfeeding-behaviorno-choice-assaychoice-assaygustationhost-selectionplant-qualitysucculent-growthfruiting-structuressquarebollbloomterminaldefoliationstand-lossdirty-bloompuckered-petalslesioncarpel-walllint-damageseed-damageyield-lossfiber-qualitymanagement-thresholdscouting-intervalaction-thresholdtreatment-timinginsecticide-efficacylabeled-ratedifficult-to-controlspecies-complexidentification-keymorphologycolor-variationwing-developmentantennaethoraxabdomeninstardevelopmental-stagelaboratory-rearingoligidic-dietsemisolid-slurrychicken-eggsoybeanwheat-germlima-beancost-reductionbiomass-productionsurvivalfecundityegg-productiongeneration-timepopulation-growthlog-phasecolony-maintenancegenetic-diversityfield-collectionadaptationstress-toleranceoxidative-stresstemperature-extremefood-deficitresource-allocationreproductive-senescenceendogenous-reservesenvironmental-stressorclimate-adaptationphenologymigrationdispersal-patternhabitat-patchsource-sinkpopulation-sourcepopulation-sinkcrop-borderfield-edgenon-crop-habitatrefugeoverwintering-sitespring-emergencesummer-populationfall-populationdensity-dependenceaggregationspatial-distributionsampling-accuracypest-detectionmonitoring-technologyprecision-agriculturedigital-agricultureautomationroboticsmachine-learningcomputer-visionsensor-technologydata-collectiondecision-supportgrower-educationextensionstakeholder-engagementmultidisciplinary-researchacademia-industry-collaborationsustainable-intensificationagroecosystemfood-systemplant-insect-interactioninsect-plant-coevolutionsalivary-secretiondigestive-enzymelytic-enzymetissue-macerationfeeding-injuryphysiological-damagemechanical-damagewound-responseplant-defense-responseinduced-resistancesystemic-acquired-resistancejasmonic-acidethylenesalicylic-acidsecondary-metabolitephenolic-compoundoxidative-enzymeredox-enzymebacterial-transmissionphytopathogenopportunistic-pathogeninfection-courtinoculumdisease-vectorepidemiologycrop-hygienesanitationcrop-rotationcover-croptrap-croppush-pullhabitat-manipulationconservation-biocontrolaugmentative-biocontrolclassical-biocontrolimportationestablishmentnon-target-effecthost-specificityparasitoid-biologyreproductive-parasitoididiobiontkoinobiontmummy-formationemergence-rateparasitoid-impactpopulation-regulationtop-down-controlbottom-up-controltrophic-cascadefood-webecosystem-functionecosystem-servicedisservicenet-effectrisk-assessmentmanagement-strategypolicyregulationpesticide-registrationresistance-monitoringstewardshipintegrated-resistance-managementIRMrefuge-strategypyramid-strategymultiple-toxinstransgenic-cropGMObiosafetyenvironmental-impactnon-target-organismpollinator-protectionbeneficial-insectnatural-enemy-conservationfloral-resourcenectarpollenalternative-preyhabitat-diversificationagri-environment-schemegreen-infrastructureecological-compensationlandscape-complexityconnectivitymatrix-qualityspilloversource-habitatecological-trappopulation-viabilityextinction-riskinvasion-biologyrange-expansionclimate-changewarmingdroughtirrigationwater-stressnitrogen-fertilizationcrop-vigorplant-nutritionhost-plant-qualitytritrophic-interactionplant-microbe-insectendosymbiontgut-microbiomesalivary-microbiomevector-competencetransmission-efficiencyacquisitioninoculationretentionmultiplicationcirculativenon-circulativepersistentnon-persistentpropagativestylet-borneforegut-bornehemolymph-bornesalivary-gland-bornereplicationbarriermidgutsalivary-glandescapeinfectionincubationlatent-periodinoculation-thresholdtransmission-thresholdepidemicepiphytoticdisease-trianglesusceptible-hostvirulent-pathogenfavorable-environmentdisease-cycleprimary-inoculumsecondary-inoculumoverwintering-pathogensurvival-structuredisease-reservoiralternative-hostvolunteer-cropweed-reservoircrop-residuesoilborneseedborneinsect-bornemanagement-tacticpreventivecurativeeradicativesuppressiveprotectantsystemiccontacttranslaminarfumigantbiological-pesticidemicrobial-pesticideentomopathogenic-fungusentomopathogenic-nematodeentomopathogenic-virusbaculovirusgranulovirusnucleopolyhedrovirusbacteriaBacillus-thuringiensisBt-toxincrystal-proteincytolytic-proteinvegetative-insecticidal-proteinmode-of-actiongut-paralysissepticemiatoxemiaantibioticsymbiontantibiotic-resistancefitness-costresistance-alleleresistance-mechanismmetabolic-resistancetarget-site-resistancepenetration-resistancebehavioral-resistancecross-resistancemultiple-resistanceresistance-evolutionselection-pressuredose-responselethal-concentrationlethal-dosemedian-lethal-concentrationmedian-lethal-doseconfidence-intervalprobit-analysislogit-analysisdose-mortalitytime-mortalityresistance-ratioresistance-factordiagnostic-dosediscriminating-dosebaseline-susceptibilitysusceptible-strainreference-strainfield-populationresistant-populationhomozygous-resistantheterozygousdominancerecessiveincomplete-dominancegene-frequencyallele-frequencyselection-coefficientfitnessrelative-fitnesspopulation-geneticsquantitative-geneticsheritabilitygenetic-correlationbreeding-valuegenetic-gainmarker-assisted-selectiongenomic-selectiontranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsgenomicsfunctional-genomicscomparative-genomicsevolutionary-genomicspopulation-genomicsphylogenomicsbioinformaticscomputational-biologysystems-biologynetwork-analysispathway-analysisgene-ontologyprotein-protein-interactionsignal-transductionhormonejuvenile-hormoneecdysoneinsulin-like-peptideneuropeptidepheromonesex-pheromoneaggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonetrail-pheromonekairomoneallomonesynomonesemiochemicalolfactionmechanoreceptionvisionphototaxischemotaxisanemotaxisthermotaxishygrotaxisgeotaxiskinesistaxisorthokinesisklinokinesisrheotaxisthigmotaxiscontact-chemoreceptionolfactory-receptorgustatory-receptorionotropic-receptorodorant-binding-proteinchemosensory-proteinsensillumsensory-neuronantennal-lobemushroom-bodylateral-horncentral-complexoptical-lobecompound-eyeocellussimple-eyephotoreceptorrhabdomommatidiumfacetvisual-acuitymotion-detectionpolarized-light-detectioncolor-visionultraviolet-visioninfrared-detectionthermoreceptionhygroreceptionmechanoreceptorchordotonal-organcampaniform-sensillumtrichoid-sensillumbasiconic-sensillumcoeloconic-sensillumplacoid-sensillumsensory-ecologyforaging-behaviorhost-locationhost-acceptancehost-suitabilityoviposition-preferenceoviposition-deterrenceantixenosisantibiosistoleranceresistance-categorygall-midgehessian-flygene-for-geneavirulence-generesistance-geneR-geneeffector-triggered-immunitypattern-triggered-immunitypathogen-associated-molecular-patterndamage-associated-molecular-patternmicrobe-associated-molecular-patternrecognitionperceptiondefense-responsehypersensitive-responsecell-deathprogrammed-cell-deathautophagynecrosisoxidative-burstreactive-oxygen-speciesnitric-oxidecalcium-signalingmitogen-activated-protein-kinasetranscription-factordefense-genepathogenesis-related-proteinantimicrobial-peptidephytoalexinligninsuberincallosepapillacell-wall-reinforcementhypersensitive-cell-deathinduced-systemic-resistanceprimingdefense-elicitorplant-activatorbiostimulantplant-strengthenerorganic-amendmentcompostmanurebiocharvermicompostcompost-teamicrobial-inoculantplant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteriamycorrhizal-fungusendophyteepiphytephytosphererhizospherephyllospherespermosphereanthroposphereecosystem-processnutrient-cyclingcarbon-sequestrationnitrogen-fixationphosphorus-solubilizationpotassium-mobilizationmicronutrient-availabilitysoil-structurewater-infiltrationwater-holding-capacityerosion-controlpollinationpest-suppressiondisease-suppressionweed-suppressiondecompositiondetritivorypredationherbivorymutualismcommensalismcompetitionfacilitationinhibitionamensalismneutralismsymbiosisantagonismtrophic-interactionfood-chainenergy-flowmaterial-cyclingbiomass-pyramidtrophic-pyramidecological-efficiencyproduction-efficiencyassimilation-efficiencyecological-footprintsustainabilityresilienceresistanceadaptabilitytransformabilitysocio-ecological-systemadaptive-managementparticipatory-researchcitizen-scienceknowledge-co-productiontransdisciplinary-researchinterdisciplinary-researchdisciplinary-researchbasic-researchapplied-researchdevelopment-researchaction-researchparticipatory-action-researchfarmer-participatory-researchon-farm-researchstation-researchcontrolled-experimentfield-experimentobservational-studycorrelational-studymanipulative-experimentnatural-experimentquasi-experimentlongitudinal-studycross-sectional-studycase-studycomparative-studymeta-analysissystematic-reviewscoping-reviewrapid-reviewliving-reviewevidence-synthesisknowledge-synthesisresearch-synthesissystematic-mapbibliometric-analysiscitation-analysisco-citation-analysisbibliographic-couplingkeyword-analysistopic-modelingscience-mappingresearch-frontemerging-topichot-topicresearch-gapfuture-directionresearch-priorityresearch-agendastrategic-researchmission-oriented-researchsocietal-challengesustainable-development-goalnutrition-securityclimate-smart-agricultureclimate-resilient-agriculturelow-input-agricultureregenerative-agricultureagroecologyintegrated-farmingmixed-farmingdiversified-farmingspecialized-farmingintensive-farmingextensive-farmingconventional-farmingalternative-farmingurban-agricultureperi-urban-agriculturerural-agriculturesmallholder-agriculturelarge-scale-agriculturefamily-farmingcorporate-farmingcontract-farmingtenant-farmingsubsistence-farmingcommercial-farmingexport-oriented-farmingimport-substituting-farminglocal-food-systemglobal-food-systemfood-value-chainsupply-chainvalue-chaincommodity-chainagribusinessagrifood-systemfood-processingfood-distributionfood-retailfood-servicefood-consumptionfood-wastefood-losspost-harvest-lossstorage-lossprocessing-lossdistribution-lossretail-lossconsumer-wasteplate-wastekitchen-wastefood-rescuefood-recoveryfood-redistributionfood-bankingcompostinganaerobic-digestionbioenergybiofuelbioproductbiomaterialbiorefinerycircular-economycircular-bioeconomygreen-economyblue-economybioeconomynature-based-solutionecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationclimate-mitigationdisaster-risk-reductionextreme-eventfloodheat-wavecold-snapfrosthailwindstormtornadohurricanetyphooncyclonestorm-surgesea-level-risesalinizationdesertificationland-degradationsoil-degradationsoil-erosionsoil-compactionsoil-sealingsoil-contaminationsoil-pollutionheavy-metalpersistent-organic-pollutantpesticide-residueantibiotic-residuehormone-residueplastic-pollutionmicroplasticnanoplasticparticulate-matterair-pollutionwater-pollutiongroundwater-pollutionsurface-water-pollutioneutrophicationhypoxiadead-zonebiodiversity-losshabitat-losshabitat-fragmentationhabitat-degradationhabitat-destructioninvasive-speciesintroduced-speciesalien-speciesnon-native-speciesexotic-speciesnaturalized-speciescasual-speciesescaped-speciescultivated-speciesornamental-speciespet-specieslivestockpoultryaquaculturefisherycapture-fisherymarine-fisheryfreshwater-fisheryinland-fisheryrecreational-fisherysubsistence-fisheryartisanal-fisheryindustrial-fisheryoverfishingbycatchdiscardsghost-fishingfishing-gearfishing-methodfishing-effortfishing-capacityfishing-pressurestock-assessmentfishery-managementmarine-protected-areano-take-zonemarine-reserveterrestrial-protected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-sanctuarybiosphere-reserveworld-heritage-siteramsar-siteimportant-bird-areakey-biodiversity-areaecological-networkprotected-area-networkconservation-corridorwildlife-corridorhabitat-corridorstepping-stonebuffer-zonetransition-zonecore-zonemanagement-zonesustainable-use-zonerestoration-zonerehabilitation-zonereclamation-zoneremediation-zonecontainment-zoneeradication-zonesurveillance-zonemonitoring-zonequarantine-zonebiosecurityphytosanitaryveterinaryanimal-healthplant-healthone-healthecohealthplanetary-healthglobal-healthpublic-healthenvironmental-healthoccupational-healthfood-safetyfeed-safetywater-safetyair-qualityenvironmental-qualityenvironmental-monitoringenvironmental-assessmentenvironmental-impact-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentsocial-impact-assessmenthealth-impact-assessmenthazard-assessmentexposure-assessmentdose-response-assessmentrisk-characterizationrisk-managementrisk-communicationrisk-perceptionrisk-governanceprecautionary-principlepolluter-pays-principleuser-pays-principleextended-producer-responsibilitycorporate-social-responsibilityenvironmental-stewardshipsustainable-livelihoodsustainable-consumptionsustainable-productiongreen-procurementgreen-supply-chaingreen-logisticsgreen-manufacturinggreen-chemistrygreen-technologyclean-technologyenvironmental-technologypollution-preventionwaste-minimizationresource-efficiencyenergy-efficiencywater-efficiencymaterial-efficiencyland-use-efficiencynutrient-use-efficiencynitrogen-use-efficiencyphosphorus-use-efficiencypotassium-use-efficiencymicronutrient-use-efficiencyfertilizer-use-efficiencypesticide-use-efficiencywater-productivityland-productivitylabor-productivitycapital-productivitytotal-factor-productivitypartial-factor-productivityagricultural-productivitycrop-productivitylivestock-productivityfishery-productivityforestry-productivityeconomic-productivitysocial-productivityenvironmental-productivityecological-productivitybiological-productivityprimary-productivitysecondary-productivitynet-primary-productivitygross-primary-productivityecosystem-productivitylandscape-productivityregional-productivityglobal-productivitycarbon-productivitynitrogen-productivitywater-footprintcarbon-footprintnitrogen-footprintphosphorus-footprintbiodiversity-footprintmaterial-footprintland-footprintenergy-footprintemission-factorintensity-factordecouplingabsolute-decouplingrelative-decouplingresource-decouplingimpact-decouplingdematerializationrematerializationtransmaterializationsubstitutioncomplementaritytrade-offsynergyco-benefitwin-winlose-losewin-losezero-sumpositive-sumnegative-sumgame-theoryprisoner's-dilemmatragedy-of-the-commonscollective-actioncommon-pool-resourcepublic-goodprivate-goodclub-goodcommon-goodglobal-commonglobal-public-goodtipping-pointcritical-transitionregime-shifthysteresisirreversibilitypath-dependencelock-intechnological-lock-ininstitutional-lock-inbehavioral-lock-insocial-ecological-trappoverty-trapdegradation-trapdevelopment-trapcomplex-adaptive-systemsocial-ecological-systemcoupled-human-natural-systemhuman-environment-systemadaptive-capacitytransformative-capacitylearning-capacityinnovation-capacitygovernance-capacityinstitutional-capacityorganizational-capacityindividual-capacitycommunity-capacitysocial-capitalhuman-capitalnatural-capitalphysical-capitalfinancial-capitalbuilt-capitalcultural-capitalpolitical-capitalintellectual-capitalknowledge-capitalinformation-capitaldata-capitaldigital-capitaltechnological-capitalinfrastructural-capitalinstitutional-capitalorganizational-capitalnetwork-capitalrelationship-capitalreputational-capitalbrand-capitalsymbolic-capitalexistential-capitalspiritual-capitalreligious-capitalmoral-capitalethical-capitaltrust-capitalreciprocity-capitalsolidarity-capitalcooperation-capitalcoordination-capitalcollaboration-capitalcommunication-capitalinformation-sharingknowledge-sharinglearninginnovationexperimentationtransformationtransitionchangeevolutiondevelopmentgrowthprogressimprovementenhancementoptimizationmaximizationminimizationsatisfactionsufficiencyabundancescarcitysecurityinsecurityvulnerabilityrobustnessstabilityinstabilityequilibriumdisequilibriumhomeostasisallostasisstressdistresseustresscopingcoping-capacitycoping-strategycoping-mechanismcoping-resourcecoping-supportsocial-supportemotional-supportinstrumental-supportinformational-supportappraisal-supportnetwork-supportcommunity-supportinstitutional-supportpolicy-supportfinancial-supporttechnical-supporttechnological-supportinfrastructural-supportcapacity-buildingcapacity-developmentcapacity-strengtheningempowermentenablementmobilizationactivationengagementparticipationinvolvementinclusionexclusionmarginalizationdiscriminationinequityinequalitydisparitygapdividedigital-divideknowledge-divideinformation-dividescience-divideresearch-divideinnovation-dividetechnology-dividedevelopment-dividenorth-south-divideeast-west-divideurban-rural-dividegender-divideage-divideclass-divideincome-dividewealth-divideasset-divideopportunity-divideoutcome-dividewellbeing-dividehappiness-dividelife-satisfaction-dividehealth-divideeducation-divideskill-dividecompetency-dividecapability-dividefunctioning-divideagency-dividefreedom-dividechoice-divideautonomy-divideself-determination-dividedignity-dividerespect-dividerecognition-dividestatus-dividepower-divideinfluence-dividevoice-dividerepresentation-divideparticipation-divideengagement-dividecitizenship-dividebelonging-divideidentity-divideculture-dividevalue-dividebelief-dividenorm-dividepractice-dividebehavior-dividehabit-dividecustom-dividetradition-dividemodernity-divideglobalization-dividelocalization-divideuniversalism-divideparticularism-dividecosmopolitanism-dividenationalism-dividepatriotism-dividepopulism-divideelitism-dividedemocracy-divideauthoritarianism-dividecontrol-dividesecurity-divideliberty-divideprivacy-dividesurveillance-dividetransparency-divideaccountability-divideresponsibility-divideliability-divideguilt-divideblame-dividepunishment-dividereward-divideincentive-dividemotivation-divideintention-divideattention-divideperception-dividecognition-divideemotion-divideaffect-divideattitude-dividepreference-divideinterest-divideneed-dividewant-dividedesire-dividedemand-dividesupply-dividemarket-divideexchange-dividetransaction-dividecontract-divideagreement-dividecooperation-dividecompetition-divideconflict-dividecoercion-divideforce-divideviolence-dividepeace-divideharmony-dividecoexistence-dividetolerance-divideacceptance-dividerejection-divideopposition-divideresistance-divideconformity-dividedeviance-dividenormality-divideabnormality-divideillness-dividedisease-dividedisorder-dividedisability-divideimpairment-dividehandicap-dividecapacity-dividepotential-divideperformance-divideachievement-divideattainment-divideaccomplishment-dividesuccess-dividefailure-divideexcellence-dividemediocrity-divideaverage-dividestandard-dividebenchmark-dividethreshold-divideceiling-dividefloor-dividelimit-divideboundary-divideborder-dividefrontier-dividehorizon-divideperspective-divideviewpoint-dividestandpoint-divideposition-dividestance-divideapproach-dividemethod-dividetechnique-dividetool-divideinstrument-dividedevice-divideapparatus-divideequipment-dividemachine-dividemachinery-dividemechanism-dividesystem-dividestructure-divideorganization-divideinstitution-divideregime-divideorder-dividearrangement-divideconfiguration-dividepattern-dividedesign-divideplan-dividescheme-divideprogram-divideproject-divideinitiative-divideintervention-divideaction-divideactivity-divideoperation-divideprocess-divideprocedure-divideprotocol-divideguideline-dividerecommendation-dividerequirement-divideregulation-dividerule-dividelaw-dividepolicy-dividestrategy-dividetactic-divideobjective-dividegoal-dividetarget-divideaim-dividepurpose-dividemission-dividevision-divideprinciple-divideethic-dividemoral-dividecriterion-divideindicator-dividemeasure-dividemetric-divideindex-dividescale-dividescore-dividerating-divideranking-dividegrade-dividelevel-dividestage-dividephase-dividestep-divideprogression-dividesequence-divideseries-dividesuccession-dividechain-dividecycle-divideloop-dividespiral-dividewave-dividepulse-dividerhythm-dividetempo-dividepace-dividespeed-dividevelocity-divideacceleration-dividedeceleration-dividemomentum-divideinertia-divideenergy-dividework-divideeffort-dividestrain-dividestress-dividepressure-dividetension-dividecompression-divideexpansion-dividecontraction-dividedeformation-dividedistortion-dividetransformation-divideconversion-dividetransduction-dividetransmission-dividetransfer-dividetransport-dividemovement-dividemotion-divideflow-divideflux-dividecurrent-dividestream-divideriver-dividetide-dividewind-dividestorm-divideweather-divideclimate-divideseason-divideyear-dividedecade-dividecentury-dividemillennium-divideepoch-divideera-divideperiod-dividetime-divideduration-divideinterval-dividespan-dividestretch-dividespell-dividebout-divideepisode-divideevent-divideoccurrence-divideincident-divideaccident-dividecoincidence-dividechance-divideluck-dividefortune-dividedestiny-dividefate-dividekarma-dividedharma-dividetao-divideway-dividepath-divideroad-divideroute-dividecourse-dividedirection-divideorientation-dividealignment-dividepositioning-divideplacement-dividelocation-dividesite-divideplace-dividespot-dividepoint-dividesituation-dividecontext-divideenvironment-dividesetting-dividescene-divideplatform-dividebase-dividefoundation-divideground-dividesoil-divideearth-divideland-divideterrain-divideterritory-dividedomain-dividerealm-dividesphere-divideworld-divideglobe-divideplanet-divideuniverse-dividecosmos-dividespace-dividevoid-divideemptiness-dividefullness-divideplenum-dividevacuum-divideatmosphere-divideair-dividegas-dividevapor-dividemist-dividefog-dividecloud-dividerain-dividesnow-divideice-dividefrost-dividedew-dividehumidity-dividemoisture-dividewetness-dividedryness-dividearidity-dividedrought-divideflood-dividedeluge-divideinundation-dividesubmersion-divideimmersion-dividesaturation-dividesupersaturation-dividecondensation-divideevaporation-dividetranspiration-dividesublimation-dividedeposition-divideprecipitation-divideinfiltration-dividepercolation-divideseepage-divideleakage-dividedischarge-dividerunoff-divideerosion-dividesedimentation-divideaccretion-divideaggregation-dividecoagulation-divideflocculation-dividecrystallization-dividesolidification-divideliquefaction-dividevaporization-divideboiling-dividemelting-dividefreezing-dividethawing-dividecooling-divideheating-dividewarming-dividethermal-dividetemperature-divideheat-dividecold-dividecool-dividewarm-dividehot-dividethermodynamic-divideenthalpy-divideentropy-dividefree-energy-divideGibbs-free-energy-divideHelmholtz-free-energy-dividechemical-potential-dividefugacity-dividepartial-pressure-divideconcentration-dividedilution-dividesolution-dividemixture-dividecompound-divideelement-divideatom-dividemolecule-divideion-divideelectron-divideproton-divideneutron-dividenucleus-divideparticle-dividequark-dividelepton-divideboson-dividefermion-dividehadron-dividebaryon-dividemeson-dividephoton-dividegluon-divideweak-boson-divideHiggs-boson-dividestring-dividebrane-dividedimension-dividespace-time-dividecontinuum-dividediscrete-dividequantum-divideclassical-dividerelativistic-divideNewtonian-divideEinsteinian-dividePlanckian-dividecosmological-divideastronomical-dividemicroscopic-dividemacroscopic-dividemesoscopic-dividenanoscopic-divideatomic-dividemolecular-dividecellular-dividetissue-divideorgan-divideorganism-dividepopulation-dividecommunity-divideecosystem-dividebiome-dividebiosphere-divideecosphere-dividenoosphere-dividetechnosphere-divideanthroposphere-dividesociosphere-dividepolitosphere-divideeconosphere-divideculturosphere-dividereligiosphere-divideideosphere-dividememesphere-divideinfosphere-dividecybersphere-dividedigisphere-dividevirtual-divideanalog-dividereal-divideactual-dividepossible-divideimpossible-dividenecessary-dividecontingent-divideprobable-divideimprobable-dividecertain-divideuncertain-dividedeterminate-divideindeterminate-dividedefinite-divideindefinite-dividespecific-dividegeneral-divideparticular-divideuniversal-dividesingular-divideplural-divideindividual-dividecollective-dividesocial-dividecultural-dividehistorical-dividepolitical-divideeconomic-dividereligious-dividephilosophical-dividescientific-dividetechnological-divideartistic-divideliterary-dividemusical-dividevisual-divideperforming-dividecinematic-dividephotographic-dividearchitectural-dividefashion-divideculinary-dividegastronomic-divideolfactory-dividegustatory-dividetactile-dividekinesthetic-divideproprioceptive-dividevestibular-divideauditory-dividesomatosensory-divideinteroceptive-divideexteroceptive-dividemultisensory-dividecrossmodal-dividesynesthetic-divideanesthetic-divideesthetic-divideaesthetic-dividepoetic-dividerhetorical-dividelogical-dividemathematical-dividestatistical-dividecomputational-dividealgorithmic-divideheuristic-dividesystematic-dividemethodical-divideempirical-dividetheoretical-divideconceptual-divideabstract-divideconcrete-dividepractical-divideapplied-dividepure-dividefundamental-dividebasic-dividestrategic-dividetactical-divideoperational-divideadministrative-dividemanagerial-divideexecutive-divideleadership-dividefollowership-dividemembership-dividepartnership-divideownership-dividestewardship-divideguardianship-dividetrusteeship-dividecustodianship-dividewardship-dividetutelage-dividementorship-dividesponsorship-dividechampionship-dividefriendship-dividerelationship-dividekinship-dividecompanionship-dividefellowship-dividescholarship-divideapprenticeship-divideinternship-divideresidency-divideassistantship-divideassociateship-divideauthorship-divideeditorship-dividecuratorship-dividedirectorship-dividegovernorship-dividepresidency-dividechancellorship-dividedeanship-divideheadship-dividechairmanship-divide

• Lygus keltoni

  Lygus keltoni is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, recently distinguished from L. shulli. It is a documented pest of canola and alfalfa in western Canada, with laboratory studies confirming its life history parameters. The species occurs across North America from Canada through the western United States to Mexico.

  agricultural-pestplant-bugcanola-pestalfalfa-pestwestern-Canada

• Lygus lineolaris

  tarnished plant bug, North American tarnished plant bug

  Lygus lineolaris, commonly known as the tarnished plant bug, is a highly polyphagous mirid bug and major agricultural pest throughout North America. It attacks over half of all cultivated plant species grown in the United States, with particularly significant damage to cotton, alfalfa, strawberries, and conifer seedlings. The species has piercing-sucking mouthparts and causes injury by feeding on developing reproductive structures, resulting in deformed fruits, shed squares, and reduced yields. It serves as prey for numerous natural enemies including spiders, predatory bugs, and solitary wasps.

  agricultural-pestpolyphagousmirid-bugcotton-peststrawberry-pestNorth-Americaplant-bugpiercing-sucking

• Lygus mexicanus

  Lygus mexicanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Kelton in 1973. It is one of 34 recognized species of Lygus in North America. The genus Lygus comprises economically significant plant-feeding bugs commonly known as lygus bugs or tarnished plant bugs, many of which are agricultural pests. Specific biological and ecological details for L. mexicanus remain poorly documented in accessible literature.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaMiddle-AmericaKelton-1973

• Lygus plagiatus

  Lygus plagiatus is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, native to North America. It is one of 34 recognized species in the genus Lygus in North America. Like other members of this genus, it belongs to a group commonly referred to as lygus bugs or plant bugs that are associated with herbaceous vegetation. The species was described by Uhler in 1895.

  plant-bugmiridNorth-AmericaHemiptera

• Lygus punctatus

  plant bug

  Lygus punctatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It reaches a body length of approximately 6–7 mm. The species has a broad distribution across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Southern Asia. Adults have been recorded in high abundance on alfalfa (Medicago sativa).

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraagricultural-pestalfalfapalearcticnearcticpunctate-scutellum

• Lygus rubroclarus

  Lygus rubroclarus is a North American plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1917. The species was previously known as Lygus frisoni, which was synonymized with L. rubroclarus in the 1975 revision of the genus. It belongs to a genus containing 34 recognized species in North America, many of which are significant agricultural pests.

  MiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americaplant-bugLygussynonymized-taxonKnight-1917

• Lygus rugulipennis

  European Tarnished Plant Bug

  Lygus rugulipennis is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the European tarnished plant bug. It is a widespread polyphagous pest with an exceptionally broad host range, documented on over 400 plant species across 57 families. The species is native to the Palaearctic region but has been introduced to North America. It is economically significant as a pest of alfalfa, clover, potato, cereals, sugar beet, and various other crops, causing damage through feeding on plant tissues.

  agricultural-pestpolyphagousplant-bugMiridaevibratory-communicationoviposition-behaviorinvasive-speciesintegrated-pest-management

• Lygus shulli

  Lygus shulli is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1941. It belongs to the economically significant genus Lygus, whose members are major agricultural pests of cotton, strawberries, and other crops. The species occurs in boreal and western regions of North America. Like other Lygus species, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts and is associated with herbaceous vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaLygusborealwestern-North-America

• Lygus striatus

  Lygus striatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1917. It belongs to the genus Lygus, which contains several economically significant agricultural pests. The species is distributed across western North America, with records from the western United States and western Canada. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as Lygus hesperus and Lygus lineolaris.

  plant-bugMiridaewestern-North-AmericaLygusHemipteraHeteroptera

• Macrolophus brevicornis

  Macrolophus brevicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1926. The genus Macrolophus contains predatory plant bugs that have been studied for their potential in biological control of agricultural pests. This species is part of a genus whose members are known to feed on various arthropod prey including whiteflies, spider mites, and other small insects.

  Miridaeplant-bugpredatory-bugbiological-controlNorth-America

• Macrolophus mimuli

  Macrolophus mimuli is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. The species is known from Arizona, USA, and belongs to a genus whose members are primarily associated with vegetation. The specific epithet "mimuli" suggests a possible association with plants in the genus Mimulus (monkeyflowers), though this relationship requires verification.

  Miridaeplant-bugNearcticArizona-endemic

• Macrotylus

  Macrotylus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae, first described by Fieber in 1858. The genus comprises at least 60 described species distributed across multiple continents, with documented occurrences in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Species within this genus exhibit considerable morphological variation, particularly in coloration and male genitalia structure. Some species are host-plant specialists with documented associations to specific plant families.

  plant-bugPhylinaeMiridaephytophagoushost-specialistPalearcticAfrotropical

• Macrotylus amoenus

  Macrotylus amoenus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1909. It is found in North America, with confirmed records from Connecticut in the United States. As a member of the genus Macrotylus, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs typically associated with vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaHemipteraHeteroptera

• Macrotylus essigi

  Macrotylus essigi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1916. It is a member of the diverse genus Macrotylus, which comprises small to medium-sized mirid bugs often associated with specific host plants. The species is known from limited records in California, USA.

  Miridaeplant-bugCalifornia-endemicrarely-recordedtaxonomically-obscure

• Macrotylus intermedius

  Macrotylus intermedius is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Wagner in 1950. It belongs to a genus of small, often inconspicuous true bugs that are primarily associated with herbaceous vegetation. The species is documented from Dalmatia (Croatia) based on distribution records. Like other members of Macrotylus, it likely inhabits dry, open habitats where its host plants grow, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available sources.

  MiridaeHemipteraCroatiaDalmatiaplant-bugtrue-bug

• Macrotylus sexguttatus

  Macrotylus sexguttatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Provancher in 1887. It is a small predatory or phytophagous true bug with a North American distribution centered in eastern Canada. The species name 'sexguttatus' (six-spotted) likely refers to a distinctive dorsal color pattern. Like other members of the genus Macrotylus, it is associated with herbaceous vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaCanadasix-spotted

• Macrotylus tristis

  Macrotylus tristis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Uhler in 1890. The species is endemic to California, where it has been documented from a small number of observations. As a member of the genus Macrotylus, it belongs to a group of mirids often associated with specific host plants.

  endemiccaliforniaplant-bugmiridaerarely-observed

• Macrotylus undescribed-sp-a

  Macrotylus undescribed-sp-a is an unclassified species within the plant bug genus Macrotylus (family Miridae). As a formally undescribed species, it lacks published scientific documentation, type specimens, and diagnostic descriptions. Members of Macrotylus are generally small, soft-bodied heteropterans associated with herbaceous vegetation. The specific morphological features, host associations, and geographic range of this particular entity remain undocumented in scientific literature.

  undescribedMiridaePhylinaeplant-bugplaceholder

• Macrotylus vanduzeei

  Macrotylus vanduzeei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1932. It is found in North America, with confirmed records from California, USA. Like other members of the genus Macrotylus, it belongs to the diverse and economically important family of true bugs that feed on plant tissues.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaCalifornia

• Maculamiris

  Maculamiris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Weirauch in 2006. It belongs to the large and diverse family of mirid bugs, which are among the most species-rich families of true bugs. The genus name suggests a spotted or marked appearance (from Latin 'macula' meaning spot). Very few observations of this genus exist in public databases.

  miridplant-bugCimicomorpharecently-described-genus

• Maculamiris insulanus

  Maculamiris insulanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Weirauch in 2006. The species is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, specifically Santa Catalina Island and San Clemente Island. As a member of the diverse Miridae family, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, though specific ecological details for this island-endemic species remain poorly documented.

  endemicislandChannel-IslandsCaliforniaplant-bugMiridae

• Megalocoleus molliculus

  A plant bug in the family Miridae that feeds primarily on yarrow and related Asteraceae. Adults are active in mid to late summer. The species has a wide distribution across the Palearctic and has been introduced to North America.

  herbivoreplant-bugintroduced-speciesNorth-AmericaEuropeSiberiaAsteraceae-feederyarrow-associatesummer-active

• Megalopsallus brendae

  Megalopsallus brendae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae, described by Schuh in 2000. It belongs to the tribe Hallodapini, a group of mirid bugs often associated with conifer hosts. The species is known from the western United States, specifically Arizona, California, and Nevada. Like other members of the genus Megalopsallus, it is likely associated with coniferous vegetation, though specific host plant records for this species are not documented in available sources.

  MiridaePhylinaeHallodapiniplant-bugwestern-North-Americaconifer-associatedSchuh-2000

• Megalopsallus ephedrae

  Megalopsallus ephedrae is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae. Originally described by Knight in 1968 as Merinocapsus ephedrae, it was later transferred to Megalopsallus. The species is associated with Ephedra (Mormon tea) in arid regions of western North America. It is one of approximately 20 species in the genus Megalopsallus, which occurs primarily in western North America.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugEphedraMojave-Desertwestern-North-Americaarid-habitatKnight-1968Merinocapsus

• Megalopsallus humeralis

  Megalopsallus humeralis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described by Van Duzee in 1923 as Sthenarus humeralis. It belongs to the subfamily Phylinae, a group of small predatory or phytophagous true bugs commonly known as leaf bugs or plant bugs. The genus Megalopsallus comprises small mirids distributed primarily in western North America and adjacent regions of Mexico. This species has been documented from arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

  MiridaePhylinaeHemipteratrue-bugplant-bugwestern-North-Americadesert-faunaVan-Duzee-1923Sthenarus

• Megalopsallus marmoratus

  Megalopsallus marmoratus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to the genus Megalopsallus, which was revised by Schuh in 2000 with descriptions of new species from western North America. The species is documented from the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaMexicoArizonaCaliforniaBaja-California

• Megalopsallus nicholi

  Megalopsallus nicholi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae. It was described by Knight in 1968. The species is known from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. As a member of the genus Megalopsallus, it belongs to a group of small, often inconspicuous mirids associated with coniferous vegetation.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugconifer-associatedNearctic

• Megalopsallus nigricaput

  Megalopsallus nigricaput is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae, described by Randall T. Schuh in 2000. The species belongs to a genus of small, often inconspicuous mirids associated with coniferous host plants. It is known from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona, Nevada, and Utah.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugwestern-North-Americaconifer-associated

• Megalopsallus pictipes

  Megalopsallus pictipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described as Plagiognathus pictipes by Van Duzee in 1918. The species is distributed across the western United States and northern Mexico. Like other members of the genus Megalopsallus, it is a small predatory or plant-feeding true bug. The specific epithet 'pictipes' refers to the marked or painted legs, a characteristic feature of this species.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugwestern-North-AmericaMexicoUnited-StatesVan-Duzee-1918Plagiognathus-pictipes

• Megalopsallus rubropictipes

  Megalopsallus rubropictipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae. It was described by Knight in 1927. The species is distributed across western North America, with records from the western United States and Canada. As a member of the genus Megalopsallus, it belongs to a group of small, often inconspicuous phytophagous mirids associated with various host plants.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugwestern-NearcticNorth-America

• Megalopsallus sparsus

  Megalopsallus sparsus is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, first described from the western Nearctic region. It belongs to a genus of conifer-inhabiting phyline plant bugs. The species has been recorded from arid and semi-arid regions of western North America, including the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico.

  MiridaePhylinaeHemipterawestern-Nearcticconifer-associatedplant-bug

• Megalopsallus teretis

  Megalopsallus teretis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Schuh in 2000. It belongs to the subfamily Phylinae, a group commonly known as leaf bugs or plant bugs that feed on plant sap. The species is known from arid and semi-arid regions of western North America.

  MiridaePhylinaeHemipteraplant-bugwestern-North-Americaarid-habitat

• Melymacra apicalis

  Melymacra apicalis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1916. It belongs to the genus Melymacra, which is part of the diverse and speciose family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or capsid bugs. The species is documented from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and California.

  plant-bugcapsid-bugsouthwestern-USVan-Duzee-1916MiridaeHemiptera

• Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus

  Wild Onion Mirid

  Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus is a mirid plant bug known for extreme color polymorphism, with at least fifteen documented color forms. Adults measure approximately 6.5 mm and are active primarily from April to July. The species is associated with woodland habitats in eastern North America, with documented associations to False Solomon's Seal and Wild Geranium.

  color-polymorphismmiridplant-bugwoodlandflower-visitorNorth-America

• Metriorrhynchomiris fallax

  Metriorrhynchomiris fallax is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to North America, with records from Pennsylvania and West Virginia in the United States. As a member of the genus Metriorrhynchomiris, it belongs to a group of mirid plant bugs known for exhibiting considerable color polymorphism, though specific details about M. fallax remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americapoorly-known-speciescolor-polymorphism-genus

• Mexicomiris

  Mexicomiris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, containing seven described species. The genus was established by Carvalho & Schaffner in 1974. Species are distributed in Mexico and the southern United States, with several species names suggesting associations with oak (Quercus). The genus is part of the diverse mirid fauna of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions.

  Miridaeplant-bugNearcticNeotropical

• Mexicomiris texanus

  Mexicomiris texanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Carvalho in 1986. It is a member of the diverse and speciose family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs. The species is known from Texas and has been recorded in North America.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaTexas

• Microtechnites

  garden fleahopper

  Microtechnites is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae containing approximately six described species. The genus includes the garden fleahopper (M. bractatus), an economically significant agricultural pest with a broad host range spanning at least 17 plant families. Species in this genus are distributed across the Americas from Canada to Argentina. M. bractatus has been extensively studied for its developmental biology and host plant interactions.

  agricultural-pestpolyphagousMiridaeplant-bugvector

• Microtechnites bractatus

  garden fleahopper

  Microtechnites bractatus, commonly known as the garden fleahopper, is a polyphagous plant bug in the family Miridae. It is an agricultural pest with documented economic impact on multiple crop species. The species has been recorded across the Americas from Canada to South America and has been introduced to Hawaii. Laboratory studies demonstrate significant variation in developmental success across host plants, with Fabaceae species supporting optimal fitness.

  agricultural-pestpolyphagousvirus-vectorMiridaeplant-bug

• Mimoceps insignis

  Mimoceps insignis is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1890. The species is characterized by its distinctive coloration and moderate size among mirid bugs. It occurs in grasslands and open field habitats across parts of North America.

  Miridaeplant-bugNearcticgrassland

• Mirinae

  plant bugs

  Mirinae is a subfamily of plant bugs within the family Miridae, comprising seven recognized tribes: Herdoniini, Hyalopeplini, Mecistoscelini, Mirini, Restheniini, Scutelliferini, and Stenodemini. Members are phytophagous true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The subfamily includes economically significant species such as the fourlined plant bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus), which causes characteristic necrotic leaf damage on numerous ornamental and agricultural plants. Some species have been introduced to new regions, including New Zealand, where they have established non-native populations.

  phytophagouspestplant-bugpiercing-suckingsalivary-enzymesnecrotic-spotsunivoltineintroduced-species

• Monalocoris americanus

  American Bracken Bug

  Monalocoris americanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America and the Caribbean. The species is commonly known as the American Bracken Bug.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaCaribbean

• Monalocorisca rostrata

  Monalocorisca rostrata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Johnston in 1939. It belongs to the large and diverse family of true bugs, which are characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species is currently accepted and documented in taxonomic catalogs, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  MiridaeHemipteraInsectaTexasUSAplant-bugtrue-bug

• Myiomma

  Myiomma is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Isometopinae. The genus was established by Puton in 1872. At least 15 species of Isometopinae are recorded from China, with Myiomma being one of four genera represented in the region. The genus includes Myiomma qinlingensis, described from the Qinling Mountains of China.

  MiridaeIsometopinaeplant-bugtrue-bugHeteropteraChinaQinling-MountainsPuton-1872

• Neocapsus fasciativentris

  Neocapsus fasciativentris is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Stål in 1862. It occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species is part of the diverse and speciose genus Neocapsus, which contains numerous mirid species found primarily in the Americas. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNearcticNeotropical

• Neocapsus leviscutatus

  Neocapsus leviscutatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1925. Originally described as a subspecies of Neocapsus cuneatus, it is now recognized as a full species. The species is known from a limited number of records in the southeastern United States. Like other mirids, it belongs to the diverse group of true bugs characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraNorth-America

• Neocyrtopeltocoris triangularis

  Neocyrtopeltocoris triangularis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, order Hemiptera. As a member of the largest family of true bugs, it shares the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the order. The species is documented from very few observations, indicating it is either rare, cryptic, or undercollected.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugtrue-bug

• Neolygus

  Neolygus is a large genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, containing at least 110 described species. The genus was first reported from the Himalayas in 2012, with records from Nepal and North India. Species identification relies heavily on male genitalia structure. Several species have been transferred to this genus from related genera such as Lygocoris.

  plant-bugmiridHemipteraHeteropteraMiridaeMirinae

• Neolygus caryae

  Hickory Plant Bug

  Neolygus caryae, commonly known as the hickory plant bug, is a mirid bug species associated with hickory trees (Carya spp.). The species name "caryae" directly references this host association. As a member of the plant bug family Miridae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species occurs in the eastern United States.

  miridaeplant-bughickory-associatedeastern-usa

• Neolygus communis

  Pear Plant Bug

  Neolygus communis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the Pear Plant Bug. It is native to eastern North America, with documented records from Canada (Nova Scotia, Newfoundland) and the United States (New York, Vermont, West Virginia). As a member of the large and diverse Miridae family, it is likely associated with woody plants, though specific host relationships require further documentation.

  Miridaeplant-bugNearcticeastern-North-America

• Neolygus inconspicuus

  Neolygus inconspicuus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1917. The species is native to northeastern North America, with documented occurrences in Ontario, Canada, and the eastern United States. As a member of the genus Neolygus, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs associated with various host plants.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNearcticKnight-1917

• Neolygus quercalbae

  A plant bug in the family Miridae, described from the northeastern United States. The species epithet suggests an association with oak (Quercus) and white (alba), though specific host relationships have not been formally documented. Like other members of Neolygus, it is presumed to be phytophagous.

  MiridaeNeolygusHemipteraHeteropteraplant-bugnortheastern-United-StatesWest-Virginia

• Neolygus vitticollis

  Neolygus vitticollis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to the large and diverse genus Neolygus, which contains numerous species of mirid bugs primarily associated with vegetation. The species has been documented in the eastern United States with scattered records across multiple states.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNearctic

• Neurocolpus johnstoni

  Neurocolpus johnstoni is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1934. It belongs to the genus Neurocolpus, a group of mirid bugs found in North America. The species is known from limited collection records in Texas, USA. Like other members of Miridae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  MiridaeNeurocolpusTexasUSANorth-Americaplant-bugtrue-bugHemiptera

• Neurocolpus mexicanus

  Neurocolpus mexicanus is a mirid plant bug species described by Distant in 1883. It belongs to the family Miridae, the largest family within the Hemiptera, and is distributed across Central America, Mexico, and parts of the southern United States including Arizona and Texas. The species has been recorded from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, and Mexico. As with other members of Neurocolpus, it is likely associated with vegetation, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNeotropicalNearctic

• Neurocolpus nubilus

  clouded plant bug

  Neurocolpus nubilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the clouded plant bug. It is distributed across North America, with records from Canada and multiple U.S. states. The species feeds on a variety of herbaceous plants and has been documented on agricultural crops as well as native vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraagricultural-pestNorth-America

• Neurocolpus simplex

  Neurocolpus simplex is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1918. It belongs to a genus of mirid bugs found in North America. The species is known from the southwestern United States, with records from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and California. As a member of the Miridae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-Americasouthwestern-United-States

• Nicholia eriogoni

  Nicholia eriogoni is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1929. It belongs to a small genus of mirid bugs found in western North America. The species is documented from Arizona and is associated with plants in the genus Eriogonum (wild buckwheat).

  Miridaeplant-bugArizonaEriogonumwestern-North-America

• Notholopisca

  Notholopisca is a monotypic genus of plant bugs (family Miridae) containing a single described species, N. californica. The genus was established by Carvalho in 1975. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to the diverse assemblage of true bugs known for their phytophagous habits, though specific ecological details for this genus remain limited.

  MiridaemonotypicCaliforniaNearcticplant-bug

• Occidentodema mcfarlandi

  Occidentodema mcfarlandi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Thomas Henry in 1999. The genus Occidentodema was established to accommodate western North American species previously associated with other genera. This species is part of the diverse Miroidea superfamily, which includes numerous plant-feeding true bugs. Records indicate it is rarely encountered, with limited observational data available.

  plant-bugMiridaewestern-North-Americararely-collected1999-description

• Oligotylus ceanothi

  Oligotylus ceanothi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Schuh in 2000. The species is associated with Ceanothus host plants, as indicated by its specific epithet. It occurs in western North America, with documented records from the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Like other members of the genus Oligotylus, it is likely a phytophagous insect feeding on plant tissues.

  plant-bugwestern-North-AmericaCeanothusSchuh-2000MiridaeHemipteraCimicomorpha

• Oncerometopus

  Oncerometopus is a genus of plant bugs (family Miridae) containing approximately 12 described species. These insects are part of the diverse Miridae family, one of the largest families within the true bugs (Heteroptera). Members of this genus are found in North America, with observations documented from the southwestern United States including Texas. As plant bugs, they are associated with vegetation where they feed on plant fluids.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americaflower-visitor

• Oncerometopus atriscutis

  Oncerometopus atriscutis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1928. The species belongs to the genus Oncerometopus, a group of mirid bugs associated with flowering plants. Observations indicate it occurs on yellow composite flowers in western Texas, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The species name refers to the dark scutellum characteristic of this taxon.

  miridaeplant-bughemipteratexasarizonanew-mexicoasteraceaeviguiera

• Oncerometopus ruber

  Oncerometopus ruber is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to the suborder Heteroptera (true bugs) within the order Hemiptera. The species has been recorded from Texas, USA, and is part of the North American mirid fauna. Like other members of the Miridae family, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids.

  MiridaeHeteropteraHemipteraInsectaplant-bugNorth-AmericaTexas

• Orectoderus montanus

  Orectoderus montanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to the true bugs (Heteroptera), a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species is found in western North America, with records from the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions.

  plant-bugMiridaeHeteropteraNorth-Americawestern-United-StatesCanada

• Orthocephalus coriaceus

  hairy plant bug

  Orthocephalus coriaceus is a plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to Europe, including European Russia, Ukraine, and the Balkans, and has been introduced to North America. The species feeds on various Asteraceae plants and is known to occur as a horticultural pest in North America.

  plant-bugMiridaephytophagousAsteraceaeintroduced-specieshorticultural-pest

• Orthocephalus saltator

  jumping plant bug

  Orthocephalus saltator is a Palearctic plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the jumping plant bug. It has an unusually broad distribution spanning Europe, North Africa, and parts of North America. The species is specialized in its feeding habits, primarily consuming plants in the Asteraceae and Poaceae families.

  Miridaeplant-bugPalearcticherbivoreAsteraceae-feederPoaceae-feeder

• Orthops

  Orthops is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Mirinae. The genus was established by Fieber in 1858. It contains at least 30 described species globally, with approximately 5 species in two subgenera recorded from Europe. Species in this genus are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plants.

  plant-bugMiridaeMirinaeHeteropteraHemiptera

• Orthops scutellatus

  carrot plant bug

  Orthops scutellatus, commonly known as the carrot plant bug, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to North America and has also been recorded from several other regions including Japan, Russia (Sakhalin and Kurile Islands), China, and New Zealand. The species is associated with carrot plants and related vegetation.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americacarrot

• Orthotylus angulatus

  Orthotylus angulatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1895. It belongs to a large and diverse genus of mirid bugs found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. The species has been documented in western North America, particularly in Colorado and Utah. Like other members of Orthotylus, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-Americanocturnalblacklight-visitor

• Orthotylus candidatus

  Orthotylus candidatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is known from North America, with specific records from Colorado, Utah, and New Hampshire. As a member of the genus Orthotylus, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs commonly associated with vegetation.

  miridaeplant-bugnearctic

• Orthotylus coagulatus

  Orthotylus coagulatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It belongs to a large genus of mirid bugs found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. The species has been documented in the western United States, with records from Colorado and Nevada. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with vegetation and may be attracted to lights at night.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipterawestern-North-Americanocturnalblacklight-visitor

• Orthotylus cruciatus

  Orthotylus cruciatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1916. It belongs to a large genus of small, often greenish mirids that are frequently associated with vegetation. The species is documented from the northeastern United States, specifically Maine, though records are sparse. Like other Orthotylus species, it is likely a plant-feeding insect, but specific biological details remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaMaineVan-Duzee-1916

• Orthotylus flavosparsus

  Orthotylus flavosparsus is a small plant-feeding mirid bug native to Europe, where it occurs widely except in Albania and Iceland. The species has been introduced to North America and has established populations there. Adults are approximately 4 mm in length and green in coloration. It is associated with oraches (Atriplex) and chenopods (Chenopodium), which serve as its primary host plants.

  Miridaeplant-bugphytophagousintroduced-speciesEuropeNorth-AmericaAtriplexChenopodium

• Orthotylus fuscicornis

  Orthotylus fuscicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1927. It belongs to the subfamily Orthotylinae, a group of mirids often associated with woody plants. The species has been documented from Colorado, USA, and is part of the Nearctic fauna. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a phytophagous insect feeding on plant sap, though specific host plant records for this species appear to be limited in the available literature.

  MiridaeOrthotylinaeHeteropteraNearcticColoradoplant-bugwoody-vegetation

• Orthotylus necopinus

  Orthotylus necopinus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1916. It is known from North America, with documented records from New Hampshire and West Virginia in the United States. Like other members of the genus Orthotylus, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs commonly attracted to lights at night. Very little specific biological information is available for this particular species.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americanocturnalblacklight-visitor

• Orthotylus ramus

  A small plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1927. The species is recorded from several eastern and central U.S. states. Like other members of the genus Orthotylus, it is associated with vegetation and has been observed visiting lights at night. The biology of this species remains poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americanocturnalblacklight-visitor

• Orthotylus submarginatus

  Orthotylus submarginatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Thomas Say in 1832. It belongs to the subfamily Orthotylinae and is part of a large genus of mirid bugs. The species has been documented in eastern North America, with records from West Virginia and surrounding regions. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with vegetation and may be attracted to lights at night.

  MiridaeOrthotylinaeplant-bugHeteropteraNorth-Americablacklight-visitor

• Paradacerla

  Paradacerla is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Carvalho and Usinger in 1957. The genus belongs to the diverse mirid fauna of the Western Hemisphere. Very few records exist for this genus, with only one observation documented on iNaturalist. The taxonomic placement within Miridae indicates it is part of the large radiation of true bugs associated with vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeNeotropicaltaxonomic-revision-neededdata-deficient

• Paraproba capitata

  Paraproba capitata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1912. It is found in North America, with documented records from the northeastern United States including New York, as well as Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Mississippi. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugNorth-AmericaHemiptera

• Paraproba cincta

  Paraproba cincta is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. It is a small predatory or plant-feeding true bug distributed across western North America. The species has been recorded from Canada (Alberta, British Columbia) and the United States (California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington). Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the order Hemiptera.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americawestern-North-America

• Paraproba pendula

  Paraproba pendula is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to the diverse mirid fauna of North America, a family known for its ecological importance as predators and herbivores in various plant communities. The species is documented from California, USA.

  miridplant-bugNorth-AmericaCaliforniaHemiptera

• Parthenicus deleticus

  Parthenicus deleticus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It is a small true bug belonging to a genus whose members are generally associated with woody plants. The species has been documented in Arizona, USA, with limited observational records available.

  Miridaeplant-bugKnight-1968Arizona-endemic

• Parthenicus pictus

  Painted Parthenicus

  Parthenicus pictus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1925. It is commonly known as the Painted Parthenicus, referencing its distinctive coloration. The species belongs to the suborder Heteroptera within the order Hemiptera, placing it among the true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts. It is a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, which contains over 10,000 described species of plant bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaUnited-States

• Parthenicus psalliodes

  Parthenicus psalliodes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to the large and diverse mirid fauna of North America. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the southeastern and south-central United States.

  miridplant-bugNorth-America

• Parthenicus ruber

  Parthenicus ruber is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with specific records from California, USA. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaCentral-America

• Parthenicus sedumicola

  Parthenicus sedumicola is a plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Henry in 2007. The species is known from Arkansas, USA. The specific epithet "sedumicola" suggests an association with Sedum plants (stonecrops), though direct ecological documentation is limited. It belongs to the large and diverse genus Parthenicus within the plant bug family Miridae.

  Miridaeplant-bugArkansasHenry-2007Sedum-associated

• Parthenicus wheeleri

  Parthenicus wheeleri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Thomas J. Henry in 2007. It is a member of the large and diverse mirid fauna of North America. The species is known from Oklahoma, USA, based on limited collection records. As a relatively recently described species with few documented occurrences, its biology and ecology remain poorly understood.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugOklahomaNorth-AmericaHenry-2007

• Phallospinophylus

  Phallospinophylus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Weirauch in 2006. It belongs to the diverse true bug fauna within the infraorder Cimicomorpha. The genus name reflects distinctive male genitalic characteristics typical of this group. Like other mirids, species in this genus are presumed to be phytophagous, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  MiridaeCimicomorphaplant-bugHeteroptera

• Phoenicocoris australis

  Phoenicocoris australis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Blatchley in 1926. It is a member of the genus Phoenicocoris, a group of mirids associated with conifers. The species is known from Florida, USA, and appears to have a restricted distribution within the southeastern United States. As with many mirids, specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.

  miridplant-bugFlorida-endemicconifer-associatedHemiptera

• Phoenicocoris claricornis

  Phoenicocoris claricornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to a genus of small predatory or phytophagous true bugs. The species is documented from multiple localities in eastern North America.

  miridplant-bugeastern-North-AmericaKnight-1923

• Phyllopidea picta

  painted plant bug

  Phyllopidea picta is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1893 under the basionym Bolteria picta. It is a member of the true bugs (Heteroptera) within the order Hemiptera. The species has been documented in western North America, with confirmed records from California, Nevada, and Utah.

  plant-bugMiridaewestern-North-AmericaHeteroptera

• Phylus coryli

  hazel plant bug

  Phylus coryli is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the hazel plant bug. It is native to Europe, where it is widespread including the British Isles, but absent from parts of the southern Mediterranean. The species has been introduced to North America. It is a specialist feeder on hazel (Corylus avellana).

  plant-bugMiridaehazel-specialistintroduced-speciesPalearctic-native

• Phytocoris acaciae

  Phytocoris acaciae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1925. The specific epithet "acaciae" suggests an association with Acacia plants, though detailed biological studies remain limited. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it is expected to share the general characteristics of mirid plant bugs, including piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids. The species occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraacaciasouthwestern-USMexicoarid-habitat

• Phytocoris albicuneatus

  Phytocoris albicuneatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl in 1988. It belongs to a large genus of mostly plant-feeding true bugs. The species epithet 'albicuneatus' refers to a white wedge-shaped marking, likely on the dorsal surface. Like other members of Phytocoris, it probably exhibits mixed feeding habits, consuming plant fluids while occasionally preying on small insects.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraSouthwest-USAStonedahl-1988

• Phytocoris albifrons

  Phytocoris albifrons is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to the large and diverse genus Phytocoris, which contains numerous species of predatory and phytophagous true bugs. The species is known from Arizona, USA, with limited published information on its biology and ecology.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugArizonaUSAKnight-1968Phytocoris

• Phytocoris antennalis

  Phytocoris antennalis is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, order Hemiptera. It was described by Reuter in 1909 and is known from North America, with records from the northeastern United States including Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is likely a plant-feeding species with occasional predatory behavior.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaReuter-1909

• Phytocoris becki

  Phytocoris becki is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to a large genus of mostly plant-feeding true bugs. The species is known from arid and semi-arid regions of the western United States. Like other members of Phytocoris, it is likely attracted to lights at night.

  Miridaeplant-bugwestern-North-AmericaHemipterablacklight-visitor

• Phytocoris breviusculus

  A plant bug in the family Miridae described by Reuter in 1876. Records indicate presence in multiple U.S. states including Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Texas, and West Virginia. Like other Phytocoris species, it is likely primarily plant-feeding with occasional predatory behavior.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-America

• Phytocoris buenoi

  Phytocoris buenoi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1920. It belongs to a large genus of mostly plant-feeding true bugs. The species is known from the northeastern United States, with records from New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and West Virginia. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is likely primarily phytophagous, feeding on plant sap with piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaUnited-States

• Phytocoris canadensis

  Phytocoris canadensis is a mirid plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1920. The genus Phytocoris comprises mostly plant-feeding true bugs that are typically gray or brown in coloration. Some Phytocoris species have been observed to occasionally prey on smaller insects.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraNorth-AmericaCanadaUnited-States

• Phytocoris cercocarpi

  Phytocoris cercocarpi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1928. The species epithet 'cercocarpi' indicates an association with Cercocarpus (mountain mahogany), a genus of woody shrubs in the Rosaceae family. This species is part of the large and diverse genus Phytocoris, which contains numerous plant-feeding mirid bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugCercocarpusColoradowestern-North-Americaphytophagous

• Phytocoris confluens

  Phytocoris confluens is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1909. It belongs to a large genus of predominantly plant-feeding true bugs. Records indicate presence in the eastern and southeastern United States, with observations documented from Georgia, Mississippi, Washington D.C., and West Virginia.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-America

• Phytocoris corticola

  Phytocoris corticola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl in 1988. It belongs to a genus whose members are typically gray or brown in coloration and primarily feed on plants, with occasional predation on smaller insects. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Like other Phytocoris species, it is attracted to lights at night.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipterasouthwestern-USAnocturnalblacklight

• Phytocoris decurvatus

  Phytocoris decurvatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it is part of a large and diverse group of mirid bugs found primarily in North America. The species is known from the southwestern United States, particularly Nevada. Like other Phytocoris species, it is likely associated with vegetation and may exhibit both phytophagous and predatory feeding habits.

  plant-bugmiridHemipteraNorth-AmericaNevada

• Phytocoris empirensis

  A mirid plant bug in the genus Phytocoris, described by Knight in 1968. The species name 'empirensis' suggests an association with the American Southwest region (possibly the 'Empire' area or related geographic feature). Like other Phytocoris species, it is likely primarily plant-feeding with occasional predatory behavior on smaller insects.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraSouthwest-USAKnight-1968

• Phytocoris erectus

  Phytocoris erectus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1920. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is typically gray or brown in coloration and primarily associated with plant-feeding habits, though some predation on smaller insects has been observed in related species. The species occurs in the eastern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNearcticeastern-United-States

• Phytocoris eurekae

  Phytocoris eurekae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Bliven in 1966. It belongs to a large genus of mirid bugs that are primarily associated with vegetation. The species is documented from western North America, with records from California. Like other members of its genus, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of true bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraCaliforniawestern-North-AmericaBliven-1966

• Phytocoris exemplus

  Phytocoris exemplus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1926. It belongs to a diverse genus of mirid bugs found primarily in North America. Members of the genus Phytocoris are typically small, plant-associated true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Phytocoris eximius

  Phytocoris eximius is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It is a true bug (Hemiptera) found in North America, with records from the eastern and southern United States. As a member of the large genus Phytocoris, it shares the general characteristics of plant bugs in this group, though specific distinguishing features require close examination.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugNorth-AmericaHemiptera

• Phytocoris fulvus

  Phytocoris fulvus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1920. It belongs to the large genus Phytocoris, which contains numerous species of plant-feeding true bugs. The species has been documented in several eastern and northeastern U.S. states. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with vegetation where it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-America

• Phytocoris hispidus

  Phytocoris hispidus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Linnavuori in 1986. Very little is documented about this species specifically. The genus Phytocoris comprises numerous small, soft-bodied bugs that are primarily plant-feeding, with some species known to occasionally prey on smaller insects. This species has been recorded from Saudi Arabia.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraSaudi-ArabiaLinnavuori-1986

• Phytocoris hypoleucoides

  Phytocoris hypoleucoides is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl in 1988. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs primarily associated with vegetation. The species epithet 'hypoleucoides' suggests a resemblance to forms with white or pale underparts. Like other Phytocoris species, it is likely a plant-feeder with occasional predatory behavior on smaller insects.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraArizonaSouthwestern-USAStonedahl-1988

• Phytocoris infuscatus

  Phytocoris infuscatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1909. The species is known from scattered records in eastern North America, including Georgia, Washington D.C., and West Virginia. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid plant bugs that are primarily plant-feeding with occasional predatory behavior.

  plant-bugmiridHemipteraNorth-AmericaReuter-1909

• Phytocoris junceus

  Phytocoris junceus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to a large genus of predatory and phytophagous true bugs. Records indicate presence in North America including the northeastern United States and Canada.

  plant-bugmiridtrue-bug

• Phytocoris junipericola

  Phytocoris junipericola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1927. The specific epithet 'junipericola' suggests an association with juniper (Juniperus), indicating this species likely inhabits or feeds on juniper plants. It is found in North America, with documented records from the eastern United States including Indiana, Pennsylvania, Washington D.C., and West Virginia. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is presumed to be primarily phytophagous, feeding on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  juniperplant-bugmiridNorth-Americaphytophagous

• Phytocoris laevis

  Phytocoris laevis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1895. The genus Phytocoris is diverse and widespread, with species typically found in North America. Like other members of its genus, this species is primarily a plant-feeder, though Phytocoris species have been observed occasionally preying on smaller insects. The species occurs in western North America, with documented records from Colorado, New Mexico, and Washington.

  HemipteraMiridaePhytocorisplant-bugwestern-North-America

• Phytocoris lasiomerus

  Phytocoris lasiomerus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1909. The species belongs to a large genus of mostly plant-feeding true bugs. Like other members of Phytocoris, it likely exhibits the typical mirid body plan with piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant fluids. The specific epithet 'lasiomerus' refers to hairy or woolly femora, a distinctive morphological feature of this species.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americahairy-femora

• Phytocoris luteolus

  Phytocoris luteolus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to a large genus of mirid bugs commonly associated with vegetation. The species is documented from several states in the eastern and southern United States.

  miridaeplant-bugtrue-bughemipteranorth-americaknight-1923phytocoris

• Phytocoris maricopae

  Phytocoris maricopae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Stonedahl in 1988. It belongs to a large genus of mirid bugs that are primarily associated with vegetation. The species is recorded from several western U.S. states. Like other members of Phytocoris, it is likely a plant-feeding insect with occasional predatory behavior.

  Miridaeplant-bugwestern-United-StatesHemipteraStonedahl-1988

• Phytocoris maritimus

  Phytocoris maritimus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1920. The specific epithet 'maritimus' suggests an association with coastal or marine-influenced habitats. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is likely a plant-feeding insect, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraVan-Duzee-1920CaliforniaNorth-America

• Phytocoris minituberculatus

  Phytocoris minituberculatus is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to a large genus of mostly plant-feeding true bugs, with some species known to occasionally prey on smaller insects. The species has been documented in the western United States, specifically Nevada and California. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is attracted to lights at night.

  Miridaeplant-bugwestern-North-Americanocturnalblacklight-attracted

• Phytocoris nicholi

  Phytocoris nicholi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1928. It belongs to a large genus of mostly phytophagous true bugs. The species is known from Arizona, USA. Like other Phytocoris species, it is likely primarily plant-feeding with occasional predatory behavior on smaller insects.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugArizonaUSAKnight-1928

• Phytocoris nigricollis

  Phytocoris nigricollis is a mirid plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. The specific epithet "nigricollis" refers to the black collar, a distinctive color pattern feature. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, this species is primarily plant-feeding but may occasionally prey on smaller insects. It is known from scattered records across the eastern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugPhytocorisUnited-StatesNorth-America

• Phytocoris pallidicornis

  Phytocoris pallidicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, a diverse group of true bugs characterized by their plant-feeding habits. The species was described by Reuter in 1876 and is known from North America. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is likely primarily phytophagous, feeding on plant sap with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Specific biological details for this species remain limited in available sources.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaphytophagousHemiptera

• Phytocoris planituberis

  Phytocoris planituberis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl in 1988. It belongs to a large genus of primarily phytophagous true bugs. The species has been recorded from the southwestern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraHeteropteraCimicomorpha

• Phytocoris puella

  plant bug

  Phytocoris puella is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to the large and diverse genus Phytocoris, which contains numerous small predatory and plant-feeding true bugs. The species is documented from scattered localities in eastern North America.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-Americatrue-buginsectarthropod

• Phytocoris pulchellus

  Phytocoris pulchellus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1934. It is a small hemipteran insect belonging to a large genus of predominantly plant-feeding true bugs. The species has been documented from Arizona, USA, with limited observational records available. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it likely inhabits vegetation where it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraArizonaKnight-1934

• Phytocoris ramosus

  Phytocoris ramosus is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1894. It is distributed across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, including Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and Baja California. Like other members of its genus, it is primarily plant-feeding but may occasionally prey on smaller insects. The species is attracted to lights at night.

  plant-bugMiridaesouthwestern-North-Americanocturnallight-attracted

• Phytocoris rileyi

  Phytocoris rileyi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described in 2023 by Menard and Schwartz. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs typically associated with vegetation. The species is newly described in scientific literature, with limited published information currently available regarding its biology and distribution.

  plant-bugmiridnew-species2023-description

• Phytocoris roseipennis

  Phytocoris roseipennis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1934. The specific epithet "roseipennis" refers to the pinkish or rosy coloration of the wings. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is primarily a plant-feeding insect with occasional predatory behavior on smaller insects. It is found in the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona and Texas.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaArizonaTexas

• Phytocoris roseotinctus

  Phytocoris roseotinctus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1925. The genus Phytocoris comprises diverse plant-feeding true bugs, with species typically associated with vegetation. This particular species is known from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits the general mirid characteristics of piercing-sucking mouthparts and plant-associated habits, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in published sources.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraArizonaKnight-1925Phytocoris

• Phytocoris roseus

  Phytocoris roseus is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1894. It belongs to the large genus Phytocoris, which comprises numerous species of plant-feeding true bugs found across North America. The specific epithet 'roseus' (Latin for 'rosy' or 'pinkish') likely refers to coloration features of this species. As with other mirid plant bugs, it is presumed to be associated with vegetation, though detailed ecological studies remain limited.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugwestern-North-Americaarid-habitatUhler-1894

• Phytocoris rufoscriptus

  Phytocoris rufoscriptus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to a large genus of predatory and plant-feeding true bugs. The species has been recorded from California, USA. Like other members of Phytocoris, it likely exhibits a combination of phytophagy and opportunistic predation on small insects.

  miridplant-bugtrue-bugCaliforniaHemiptera

• Phytocoris salicis

  Phytocoris salicis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1920. It is a small, typically gray or brown true bug that feeds primarily on plants. The species is known to occasionally prey on smaller insects, a behavior observed in other Phytocoris species. It is attracted to lights at night and has been documented in blacklight surveys in Colorado.

  Miridaeplant-bugPhytocorisHemipteraNearcticnocturnalblacklight-attractedKnight-1920

• Phytocoris seminotatus

  Phytocoris seminotatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1934. The genus Phytocoris comprises numerous small, often inconspicuous plant-feeding bugs, with members typically exhibiting gray or brown coloration. This species is known from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and New Mexico. Like other Phytocoris species, it is primarily a plant-feeder that may occasionally prey on smaller insects.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraSouthwest-USAKnight-1934

• Phytocoris simulatus

  Phytocoris simulatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1928. It belongs to a genus of generally gray or brown plant-feeding insects that occasionally prey on smaller insects. The species has been recorded in western North America, particularly in Colorado and surrounding states.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipterawestern-North-America

• Phytocoris spicatus

  Phytocoris spicatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1920. The genus Phytocoris comprises numerous small, often drably colored mirid bugs that are primarily associated with vegetation. Members of this genus are typically gray or brown and are known to feed on plants, though some have been observed to prey on smaller insects. The species has been recorded in the northeastern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-America

• Phytocoris squamosus

  Phytocoris squamosus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1934. It is recorded from the western United States including Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and Oregon. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it shares the general characteristics of being mostly plant-feeding with occasional predation on smaller insects. The species is documented in 46 iNaturalist observations.

  Miridaeplant-bugwestern-United-StatesKnight-1934HemipteraCimicomorpha

• Phytocoris stitti

  Phytocoris stitti is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1961. The genus Phytocoris is one of the largest genera of plant bugs in North America, with species generally characterized by gray or brown coloration and plant-feeding habits. Like other members of its genus, P. stitti is primarily associated with vegetation and has been documented in the southwestern United States. The species is part of a diverse assemblage of mirid bugs attracted to artificial lights at night.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americasouthwestern-USnocturnallight-attracted

• Phytocoris strigosus

  Phytocoris strigosus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1925. Members of the genus Phytocoris are typically small, soft-bodied true bugs that feed primarily on plant sap. The species is known from the western United States, with records from Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada.

  Miridaeplant-bugwestern-USAnocturnalUV-light-attraction

• Phytocoris taxodii

  Phytocoris taxodii is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1926. It is a member of the large genus Phytocoris, which contains numerous plant-feeding species. Very little specific information is available for this particular species beyond its original description and basic taxonomic placement.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaLouisianaKnight-1926

• Phytocoris tenerum

  Phytocoris tenerum is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Stonedahl in 1988. The genus Phytocoris comprises numerous small, soft-bodied true bugs, many of which are associated with vegetation. Members of this genus are typically gray or brown in coloration and are primarily plant-feeding, though some species have been observed to prey on smaller insects. This species occurs in western North America.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-America1988-descriptionStonedahl

• Phytocoris tenuis

  Phytocoris tenuis is a plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1920. It belongs to a large genus of mostly plant-feeding true bugs. The species is documented from western North America, with records from California, Nevada, and Utah. As a member of Phytocoris, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugwestern-North-AmericaVan-Duzee-1920PhytocorisHemipteratrue-bug

• Phytocoris tibialis

  Phytocoris tibialis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. The species has a broad distribution across the Americas, with records from the Caribbean, Central America, and North America including the eastern and southern United States. Like other members of the genus Phytocoris, it is primarily associated with vegetation and feeds on plants.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNeotropicalNearctic

• Phytocoris tiliae

  lime plant bug

  Phytocoris tiliae is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the lime plant bug. It is associated with deciduous trees across Europe and parts of North America. The species is notable among plant bugs for its predatory habits, feeding on mites and other small insects rather than plant sap alone. Adults are active during summer months and are attracted to light.

  Miridaeplant-bugpredatoryarborealEuropeNorth-AmericaTiliamitesnocturnallight-attracted

• Phytocoris tuberculatus

  A small mirid plant bug described by Knight in 1920, known from limited records in the eastern United States. Belongs to the genus Phytocoris, a diverse group of plant bugs characterized by their slender bodies and often cryptic coloration. Specific details of its biology remain poorly documented due to its apparent rarity and limited collection records.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraHeteropteraCimicomorphaUSAGeorgiaKnight-1920

• Phytocoris uniformis

  Phytocoris uniformis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. It is known from the eastern United States, with records from Georgia, New York, Massachusetts, and West Virginia. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs commonly associated with vegetation. The specific epithet "uniformis" suggests a relatively uniform coloration compared to related species.

  miridaeplant-bugheteropteranorth-america

• Phytocoris unnamed-a

  A plant bug species in the family Miridae, belonging to the large and diverse genus Phytocoris. Members of this genus are typically small, soft-bodied insects associated with vegetation. The specific epithet "unnamed-a" indicates this is an undescribed or provisional species designation, likely used in collections or databases pending formal taxonomic description.

  MiridaePhytocorisplant-bugundescribed-speciesHemipteraprovisional-name

• Phytocoris unnamed-c

  Phytocoris unnamed-c is an undescribed species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It belongs to a large genus of mostly plant-feeding true bugs. Like other members of the genus, it has been observed visiting blacklights at night. The species designation "unnamed-c" indicates it has been recognized as distinct but not yet formally described in the scientific literature.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugundescribed-speciesColoradonocturnalblacklight

• Phytocoris vanduzeei

  Phytocoris vanduzeei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1912. The species occurs in western North America and Middle America, with records from the southwestern United States (California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico) and Mexico including Baja California. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it is likely associated with vegetation where it feeds on plant sap, though specific host plants and detailed biology remain poorly documented.

  plant-bugMiridaewestern-North-AmericaHemiptera

• Phytocoris varipes

  long-legged plant bug

  Phytocoris varipes is a plant bug in the family Miridae, characterized by pinkish-brown to red-brown coloration with longitudinal markings on the upper surface. Adults and nymphs inhabit herbaceous plants and grasses, feeding primarily on flowers and immature fruits. The species has a broad distribution across Europe, extending east to the Caucasus and Iran, with an introduced population in Oregon, USA. Adults are active from June through October, with mating and oviposition occurring in mid-summer.

  plant-bugMiridaeherbivorezoophytophagousEuropean-nativeintroduced-speciesOregonmeadow-insectgrassland-bug

• Phytocoris vau

  Phytocoris vau is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1912. The species occurs in western North America and Middle America, with documented records from California and Baja California Norte. As a member of the genus Phytocoris, it belongs to a diverse group of mirid bugs that are primarily associated with vegetation.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaMiddle-America

• Phytocoris ventralis

  Phytocoris ventralis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1918. It belongs to a large genus of predatory and plant-feeding true bugs. The species is documented from the southwestern United States, with records from California and Nevada.

  plant-bugtrue-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaSouthwest-USA

• Phytocoris venustus

  Phytocoris venustus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to the genus Phytocoris, a diverse group of mirid bugs commonly associated with vegetation. The species is recorded from the eastern and southeastern United States. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with woody or herbaceous plants, though specific host relationships remain poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaKnight-1923CimicomorphaPhytocoris

• Pilophoropsis brachyptera

  Pilophoropsis brachyptera is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Steyskal in 1973. The specific epithet "brachyptera" refers to short wings, a characteristic feature of this species. It belongs to the genus Pilophoropsis, which contains species known for their distinctive morphological adaptations. Very little published information exists on the biology and ecology of this particular species.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipterabrachypterousArizonaSteyskal-1973

• Pilophorus amoenus

  plant bug

  Pilophorus amoenus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America, with records from the eastern United States including Maryland, Minnesota, and West Virginia. The genus Pilophorus is known for ant-mimicking species that possess distinctive morphological adaptations.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaEastern-Nearcticant-mimicry-genus

• Pilophorus brunneus

  Pilophorus brunneus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Poppius in 1914. It belongs to a genus known for ant-mimicking morphology. The species has been documented in the eastern United States, with specific records from Louisiana, Maryland, and West Virginia. Like other members of Pilophorus, it likely exhibits morphological adaptations that resemble ants, a trait common in this genus.

  ant-mimicryplant-bugeastern-North-AmericaHemipteraMiridaePilophorusPoppius-1914

• Pilophorus crassipes

  Pilophorus crassipes is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, described by Heidemann in 1892. It occurs in eastern North America and Central America. The genus Pilophorus includes species known for ant-mimicking appearance, though specific traits for P. crassipes are not well documented in available sources.

  plant-bugMiridaeant-mimicNorth-AmericaCentral-America

• Pilophorus furvus

  Pilophorus furvus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. The species is known from eastern North America, with records from Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Washington, D.C. Like other members of the genus Pilophorus, it exhibits ant-mimicking morphology. The species has been documented in iNaturalist with limited observations.

  plant-bugant-mimicMiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americaeastern-Nearctic

• Pilophorus gracilis

  Pilophorus gracilis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1895. It is native to North America and has been documented in the eastern United States, with records from states including Alabama, Colorado, Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Georgia, Michigan, Mississippi, and West Virginia. As a member of the genus Pilophorus, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs commonly known as thread bugs or moss bugs, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in published literature.

  plant-bugmiridHemipteraNorth-Americaeastern-United-StatesUhler-1895

• Pilophorus heidemanni

  Pilophorus heidemanni is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Poppius in 1914. It belongs to a genus known for ant-mimicking morphology. The species has been recorded from the southeastern United States. Like other members of Pilophorus, it likely exhibits morphological adaptations that resemble ants, though specific details for this species are limited.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugant-mimicNorth-Americasoutheastern-USA

• Pilophorus juniperi

  Pilophorus juniperi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to a genus known for ant-mimicking morphology and behavior. The species has been documented in eastern and northeastern United States, with specific records from Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

  plant-bugant-mimicMiridaeHemiptera

• Pilophorus laetus

  Pilophorus laetus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Heidemann in 1892. It belongs to a genus known for ant-mimicking morphology and behavior. The species has been documented in eastern United States including Georgia, Mississippi, Washington D.C., and West Virginia.

  ant-mimicryplant-bugNorth-Americaeastern-United-States

• Pilophorus piceicola

  Pilophorus piceicola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1926. It is native to North America, with records from the northeastern United States including New York and West Virginia. Like other members of the genus Pilophorus, it exhibits ant-mimicking morphology. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature beyond taxonomic descriptions and basic distribution records.

  ant-mimicplant-bugMiridaeNorth-America

• Pilophorus strobicola

  Pilophorus strobicola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1926. It is known from the eastern United States, with records from New York and West Virginia. Like other members of the genus Pilophorus, it is ant-mimicking in appearance. The specific epithet 'strobicola' suggests an association with conifer cones, though this has not been explicitly confirmed in available sources.

  ant-mimicrymiridplant-bugNorth-America

• Pilophorus tibialis

  Pilophorus tibialis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1918. It belongs to the genus Pilophorus, which is noted for ant-mimicking species that exhibit morphological and behavioral adaptations resembling ants. The species has been documented in western North America and Mexico.

  ant-mimicwestern-North-Americaarid-regionsplant-bugMiridae

• Pilophorus walshii

  Pilophorus walshii is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1887. The species is known from eastern North America, with records from Georgia, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. It has been documented feeding on Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) foliage. The species has been the subject of life history studies combining field observations with laboratory rearing.

  plant-bugant-mimicphytophagousHoney-locusteastern-North-AmericaMiridaeHemiptera

• Pinalitus approximatus

  Pinalitus approximatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described as Deraeocoris approximatus by Stål in 1858. It occurs in North America, with documented records from Alaska, Newfoundland, and West Virginia. As a member of the plant bug family, it likely feeds on plant sap, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Pinalitus rubrotinctus

  Pinalitus rubrotinctus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1968. It belongs to a genus of mirid bugs associated with coniferous vegetation. The species is known from the southwestern United States.

  Miridaeplant-bugconifer-associatedsouthwestern-USAmontane

• Plagiognathus arbustorum

  Common Nettle Flower Bug

  Plagiognathus arbustorum is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the Common Nettle Flower Bug. It is a widespread species found across the Nearctic and Palearctic realms, including most of Europe, Siberia, Central Asia, and parts of North America. Adults are active from July to October and are polyphagous, feeding primarily on herbaceous plants across multiple families.

  miridaeplant-bugpolyphagousalpinepalearcticnearcticherbivore

• Plagiognathus blatchleyi

  Blatchley's mirid

  Plagiognathus blatchleyi, commonly known as Blatchley's mirid, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It belongs to the large genus Plagiognathus, which contains numerous mirid species primarily associated with vegetation. The species was described by Reuter in 1912. It is recorded from the eastern United States.

  miridplant-bugeastern-United-States

• Plagiognathus brevirostris

  Plagiognathus brevirostris is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to the diverse genus Plagiognathus, which contains numerous small mirid species associated with vegetation. The species is recorded from northeastern North America.

  MiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americaplant-bug

• Plagiognathus brunneus

  Plagiognathus brunneus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, order Hemiptera. It was originally described as Lygus brunneus by Provancher in 1872 and later transferred to the genus Plagiognathus. The species is known from North America, with records from Quebec, Colorado, and Wyoming.

  plant-bugmiridNorth-America

• Plagiognathus chrysanthemi

  trefoil plant bug

  Plagiognathus chrysanthemi, commonly known as the trefoil plant bug, is a small mirid bug native to the Palearctic region that has become established in North America as an adventive species. It is highly polyphagous, feeding on herbaceous plants across multiple families, with documented damage to agricultural crops including birdsfoot trefoil. The species has been identified as a pest of forage legumes in Ontario, Canada.

  agricultural-pestadventive-speciespolyphagousPalearctic-nativeMiridaeplant-bug

• Plagiognathus fuscosus

  Plagiognathus fuscosus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Provancher in 1872. It belongs to a large genus of mirid bugs commonly associated with vegetation. The species has been documented across northeastern and temperate regions of North America.

  plant-bugmiridNearcticProvancher-1872

• Plagiognathus longipennis

  Plagiognathus longipennis is a plant bug species in the family Miridae. It is found at higher elevations of western North America. The species measures 5 to 6 millimeters in length with a long, slender body form.

  plant-bugmiridwestern-North-Americahigh-elevation

• Plagiognathus longirostris

  Plagiognathus longirostris is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Knight in 1923. The species is known from North America, with records from the northeastern United States and parts of Canada.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-America

• Plagiognathus modestus

  Plagiognathus modestus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1912. It is distributed across North America, with records from Canada and multiple U.S. states including Georgia, Nebraska, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to the diverse assemblage of mirid plant bugs that inhabit various terrestrial environments.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaReuter-1912

• Plagiognathus morrisoni

  Plagiognathus morrisoni is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923 under the basionym Psallus morrisoni. The species is distributed across northeastern North America, with records from multiple Canadian provinces and several U.S. states. As a member of the diverse genus Plagiognathus, it belongs to one of the largest genera within the Miridae, though specific biological details for this particular species remain limited in available literature.

  plant-bugmiridHemipteraNorth-AmericaKnight-1923Psallus-morrisoni

• Plagiognathus politus

  Plagiognathus politus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. The species was described by Uhler in 1895 and includes two recognized subspecies: P. p. flaveolus and the nominate P. p. politus. It is distributed across North America, with records from the northeastern United States and Canada extending west to Colorado. As a member of Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-Americatrue-bug

• Plagiognathus shoshonea

  Plagiognathus shoshonea is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1964. It occurs across western North America from Canada to the southwestern United States. The species is one of numerous small mirid bugs in the genus Plagiognathus, which are generally associated with vegetation.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugwestern-North-AmericaKnight-1964

• Plagiognathus syrticolae

  Plagiognathus syrticolae is a small plant bug (Miridae) described by H.H. Knight in 1941. It is strongly associated with dune willow (Salix syrticola) and appears restricted to sandy dune habitats in the northeastern and midwestern United States. The species has been suggested to be monophagous on its host willow.

  plant-bugMiridaemonophagydune-specialistwillow-associated

• Plagiognathus tumidifrons

  Plagiognathus tumidifrons is a small plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923 under the basionym Microphylellus tumidifrons. It is distributed across eastern and central North America, with records spanning much of Canada and the northeastern and north-central United States. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to the diverse mirid fauna associated with vegetation, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  plant-bugMiridaeNearctic

• Plagiognathus verticalis

  Plagiognathus verticalis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1894 under the basionym Macrotylus verticalis. The species is distributed across western North America from the Pacific states to the Intermountain West, with records extending into Baja California. As a member of the diverse genus Plagiognathus, it belongs to a group of small, often plant-associated true bugs, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in the available literature.

  miridaeplant-bugheteropterawestern-north-americauhler-1894

• Plagiognathus viticola

  Plagiognathus viticola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Johnston in 1935. The specific epithet "viticola" (Latin: vine-dweller) suggests an association with grapevines (Vitis). It is recorded from multiple states in the eastern and southern United States.

  miridplant-bugNorth-Americavitis-associated

• Poecilocapsus nigriger

  Poecilocapsus nigriger is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, native to North and Central America. It is closely related to the fourlined plant bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus), a well-documented pest of ornamental plants and vegetables. As a member of the Hemiptera, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts used to extract plant fluids. Specific ecological details for P. nigriger remain sparse in published literature, with most research attention focused on its congener P. lineatus.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaMexicocongener-of-fourlined-plant-bug

• Polymerus

  Polymerus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, containing at least 100 described species. The genus was established by Hahn in 1831 and has been subject to extensive taxonomic revision, particularly for Eastern Hemisphere species. Species occur across the Holarctic region, with records from Europe, North America, Africa, India, Australia, and Madagascar. The genus includes subgenera Polymerus and Pachycentrum, with some species previously assigned to Polymerus now transferred to other genera such as Dichelocentrum and Charagochilus.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugHolarctictaxonomic-revision

• Polymerus americanus

  Polymerus americanus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It is a true bug (Heteroptera) within the order Hemiptera. The species has been the subject of a dedicated study examining its distribution, host plant associations, and seasonal activity patterns, though specific details from that work are not fully accessible in the provided sources.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugHemipteraHeteroptera

• Polymerus basalis

  red-spotted aster mirid

  Polymerus basalis is a plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the red-spotted aster mirid. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with records from the United States (including Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and West Virginia), Mexico, and Brazil. It inhabits agricultural fields and adjacent habitats, particularly in the Delta region of the lower Mississippi River valley. Two subspecies are recognized: Polymerus basalis basalis and Polymerus basalis fuscatus.

  miridaeplant-bughemipterainsectaagricultural-pestnorth-americacentral-americadelta-region

• Polymerus fulvipes

  Polymerus fulvipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It is known from eastern North America, with records from West Virginia. As a member of the large genus Polymerus, it shares the general characteristics of mirid plant bugs but specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaKnight-1923

• Polymerus opacus

  Polymerus opacus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. It is recorded from northeastern North America, with specific observations from Vermont and other parts of the United States. As a member of the plant bug family, it belongs to a diverse group of phytophagous true bugs, though detailed biological information for this particular species remains limited.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-Americanortheastern-United-StatesVermontKnight-1923phytophagoustrue-bugHeteroptera

• Polymerus proximus

  Polymerus proximus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to the large and diverse mirid fauna of North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, soft-bodied true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species has been documented from several states in the eastern and central United States.

  MiridaeNorth-Americaplant-bugHemiptera

• Polymerus testaceipes

  Polymerus testaceipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. The species was first described by Stål in 1860. Available records indicate presence in countries including Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Jamaica, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Surinam, and the United States (Florida), with 51 observations recorded on iNaturalist.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNeotropicalCaribbeanSouth-AmericaCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaStål-1860broad-distribution

• Porpomiris curtulus

  Porpomiris curtulus is a plant bug in the family Miridae that has been documented as a specialist herbivore of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). The species occurs in North America, with confirmed records from Canada and the United States including Louisiana and Maryland. It is associated with grassland habitats dominated by its host plant.

  Miridaeplant-bugspecialist-herbivoreswitchgrassPanicum-virgatumNorth-America

• Prepops cruciferus

  Prepops cruciferus is a plant bug in the family Miridae native to the Neotropics. It was first described from Argentina in 1878 and has been documented across South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The species was newly discovered in the United States (Florida) in the late 20th century, representing a northward range expansion. It is associated with vegetation and has documented host plant relationships.

  plant-bugMiridaeNeotropicalFloridainvasive-monitoringrange-expansion

• Prepops fraterculus

  Prepops fraterculus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It belongs to the genus Prepops, a group of mirid bugs found primarily in North America. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the eastern and central United States.

  MiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americaplant-bug

• Prepops nigricollis

  Prepops nigricollis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to the genus Prepops, which comprises predatory or omnivorous mirids found primarily in North America. The species has been recorded in the northeastern United States and Canada. Like other members of its genus, it likely inhabits wooded or shrubby vegetation where it feeds on small arthropods and possibly plant material.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaHeteroptera

• Prepops nigripilus

  Prepops nigripilus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1929. The species was originally placed in the genus Platytylellus before being transferred to Prepops. It is a member of the diverse Miridae family, one of the largest families of true bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNearcticNew-YorkKnight-1929

• Prepops rubroscutellatus

  Prepops rubroscutellatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1929. The species is known from two recognized subspecies: P. r. nigriscutis and P. r. rubroscutellatus. It occurs in North America, with confirmed records from New Mexico.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaHemipteraKnight-1929subspecies

• Proba californica

  Proba californica is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1968. Originally placed in the genus Pinalitus as Pinalitus californicus, it was later transferred to Proba. The species is known from California, USA, and represents one of the documented members of this genus in North America. As with other mirid plant bugs, it is presumed to feed on plant tissues, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  Miridaeplant-bugCaliforniaHemipteraKnight-1968

• Proba distanti

  plant bug

  Proba distanti is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Atkinson in 1890. It occurs in Central America and North America, with confirmed records from Cuba, Mexico, and Guatemala. As a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, it belongs to one of the most species-rich families of true bugs. The species is documented in entomological collections and has been reported in biodiversity databases, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaNeotropical

• Proba sallei

  Proba sallei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is distributed across the Neotropical region, with records from Mexico through Central America to South America, including Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The species was originally described by Carl Stål in 1862 under the name Dagbertus sallei. As a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, it belongs to one of the most species-rich families of true bugs, though specific biological details for this particular species remain poorly documented in available literature.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNeotropicalStål-1862Dagbertus-salleiMexicoCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaBrazilColombiaEcuadorPeruVenezuela

• Proba vittiscutis

  Proba vittiscutis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). It is distributed across much of the Neotropical region, with records from Mexico through Central America to South America. The species was described by Carl Stål in 1860. As a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, it is one of many poorly studied plant bug species whose biology remains largely undocumented.

  plant-bugmiridNeotropicaltrue-bug

• Pronotocrepis

  Pronotocrepis is a genus of plant bugs (family Miridae) established by Knight in 1929. The genus contains at least three described species: P. clavicornis, P. ribesi, and P. rubra. All three species were described by Knight, with P. clavicornis named in 1929 and the other two in 1969. Like other mirids, members of this genus are presumably phytophagous, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.

  miridplant-bugKnight-1929rarely-observeddata-deficient

• Pronotocrepis clavicornis

  Pronotocrepis clavicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1929. It belongs to the genus Pronotocrepis, a group of mirid bugs within the suborder Heteroptera. The species is documented from western North America, with records spanning from southwestern Canada through the western United States.

  plant-bugmiridwestern-North-America

• Psallovius

  Psallovius is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Henry in 1999. The genus contains five described species distributed in North America. Species were originally described under other genera, primarily by Knight in the 1920s–1930s, and later transferred to Psallovius. The genus is part of the diverse mirid fauna associated with coniferous habitats.

  miridplant-bugconifer-associatedNorth-America

• Psallovius piceicola

  Psallovius piceicola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1923. It is a true bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the infraorder Cimicomorpha. The species is found in North America, with records from both the United States and Canada.

  miridplant-bugNorth-AmericaNearctic

• Psallus variabilis

  Psallus variabilis is a plant bug in the family Miridae, native to the Palearctic region and adventive in North America. It feeds on sap from diverse woody and herbaceous plants including oaks, fruit trees, and berry bushes. The species has been documented across Europe, parts of Asia, and the northeastern United States.

  plant-bugsap-feederadventive-speciesforest-insectfruit-pest

• Pseudatomoscelis

  Pseudatomoscelis is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Poppius in 1911. The genus contains at least four described species, with P. seriatus (cotton fleahopper) being the most economically significant due to its status as a major pest of cotton in the southern United States. Species in this genus are associated with diverse host plants, including both agricultural crops and native wild plants.

  Miridaeplant-bugcotton-pestagricultural-entomologyhost-associated-differentiationintegrated-pest-managementphloem-feederUnited-StatesTexasOklahomatransgenic-crop-resistancepopulation-geneticsseasonal-migrationfield-edge-effects

• Pseudoloxops coccineus

  Pseudoloxops coccineus is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described from Europe in 1843. The species has been introduced to North America, with established populations documented in Ontario, Canada since approximately 1973. Its introduction is believed to have occurred accidentally via nursery stock importations of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior). The species belongs to a genus that has undergone significant taxonomic revision in recent years, with integrative approaches revealing substantial cryptic diversity in Pacific island populations.

  plant-bugmiridaeintroduced-speciesinvasivehorticultural-tradefraxinuseuropean-ashcanadaontario

• Pseudopsallus angularis

  yerba santa plant bug

  Pseudopsallus angularis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is distributed across western North America from the southwestern United States into northwestern Mexico, with records from California, Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, and Baja California. The species is associated with yerba santa (Eriodictyon species) and related host plants.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugwestern-North-Americachaparralyerba-santaEriodictyonherbivoreHemipteraHeteroptera

• Pseudopsallus demensus

  Pseudopsallus demensus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described by Van Duzee in 1925. It belongs to the genus Pseudopsallus, a group of mirids primarily associated with herbaceous vegetation in temperate and semi-arid regions. The species occurs across western North America, from the Great Plains through the Rocky Mountains and into northern Mexico. Records suggest it occupies grassland and open habitat zones, though detailed biological studies remain limited.

  MiridaeHeteropteraplant-bugNearcticgrasslandVan-Duzee-1925

• Pseudopsallus puberus

  Pseudopsallus puberus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Uhler in 1894. The species is distributed across western North America and parts of Central America.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaCentral-Americawestern-United-StatesMexico

• Pseudopsallus sericatus

  Pseudopsallus sericatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America, with records from Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and the United States (Colorado, Montana, South Dakota). The species was described by Uhler in 1895. Little is known about its specific biology or ecology.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNorth-Americawestern-Nearctic

• Pseudothenicus

  Pseudothenicus is a small genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Bryocorinae. Members of this genus are poorly documented in the scientific literature, with only a handful of observations recorded. They belong to a group of mirids associated with mosses and other bryophytes.

  MiridaeBryocorinaeplant-bugbryophyte-associatedpoorly-knownrarely-collected

• Pseudothenicus rubropunctatus

  Pseudothenicus rubropunctatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Mirinae. The genus Pseudothenicus is small and poorly documented, with limited published information on its biology and ecology. The species name 'rubropunctatus' refers to red spotting, suggesting distinctive coloration. It has been recorded from a small number of observations on iNaturalist, indicating it may be uncommon, undercollected, or restricted in range.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipterapoorly-knowndata-deficient

• Pseudoxenetus regalis

  Eastern Regal Oak Mirid

  Pseudoxenetus regalis is a plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the Eastern Regal Oak Mirid. This species belongs to the order Hemiptera, the true bugs, characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. It has been documented across the eastern and southeastern United States.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-Americaeastern-United-States

• Pycnocoris

  Pycnocoris is a monotypic genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Van Duzee in 1914. The genus contains a single described species, P. ursinus. As a member of Miridae, it belongs to the large and diverse group of true bugs known as plant bugs or mirid bugs.

  monotypic-genusplant-bugmirid

• Pycnocoris ursinus

  Pycnocoris ursinus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to a small genus within the diverse mirid fauna of western North America. The species is documented from California, with limited published information on its biology. As with many mirids, it likely feeds on plant fluids, though specific host associations remain unconfirmed.

  MiridaeHemipteraCalifornia-endemicplant-bugVan-Duzee-1914

• Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus

  bean capsid

  Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus, commonly known as the bean capsid, is a plant-feeding mirid bug native to North and Central America. The species has expanded its range to South America and the Caribbean, with records from Oceania suggesting further spread. Ecological niche modeling indicates potential for establishment in diverse climatic regions worldwide, raising concerns about its capacity to become an agricultural pest on multiple continents.

  agricultural-pestinvasive-potentialclimate-changerange-expansionMiridaeplant-bugHemiptera

• Quernocoris

  Quernocoris is a genus of true bugs in the family Miridae, established by Weirauch in 2006. As a recently described genus within the plant bug family, it belongs to the diverse and speciose Miridae, one of the largest families within the Heteroptera. The genus represents part of the ongoing taxonomic refinement within Cimicomorpha, though detailed biological information remains limited in available literature.

  plant-bugmiridtrue-bugHemipteraCimicomorpharecently-described-taxon

• Quernocoris caliginosus

  Quernocoris caliginosus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Weirauch in 2006. It is a true bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) belonging to the large and diverse mirid fauna of western North America. The genus Quernocoris is associated with oak (Quercus) habitats, reflecting its etymology. As a recently described species, detailed natural history information remains limited in the primary literature.

  Miridaeplant-bugoak-associatedCalifornia-endemicCimicomorphawestern-North-Americarecently-described2006WeirauchHemipteratrue-bugQuercusoak-woodland

• Reuteria fuscicornis

  Reuteria fuscicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1939. The species is known from the eastern United States, with records from New York, Washington D.C., Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly referred to as plant bugs or leaf bugs.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaHemipteraHeteroptera

• Reuteria platani

  Reuteria platani is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1941. It is found in North America, with documented records from Illinois, Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to the largest family of true bugs, though specific ecological details about this species remain limited in available literature.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaHemipteraKnight-1941

• Reuteroscopus basicornis

  Reuteroscopus basicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1965. It belongs to a genus whose members are known for their distinctive morphological features, including modified head structures. The species is recorded from Arizona, USA. Like other mirid plant bugs, it is presumed to be plant-feeding, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraArizonaNorth-America

• Reuteroscopus nicholi

  Reuteroscopus nicholi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1930. The genus Reuteroscopus is known for distinctive, often ornate species that are typical visitors to blacklights. This species is found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Like other mirids, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  MiridaeHemipteratrue-bugplant-bugblacklight-visitorSouthwest-USAMexico

• Reuteroscopus ornatus

  ornate plant bug

  Reuteroscopus ornatus, commonly known as the ornate plant bug, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is characterized by distinctive markings that give it its common name. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, and North America, with records from Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and multiple U.S. states including Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ohio, Texas, and West Virginia. It is frequently attracted to blacklights at night.

  miridplant-bugHemipterablacklightnocturnalNeotropicalNearctic

• Reuteroscopus tinctipennis

  Reuteroscopus tinctipennis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1925. It belongs to a genus of mirid bugs characterized by distinctive morphological features. The species is known from the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, with records primarily from Arizona and Texas.

  Miridaeplant-bugsouthwestern-United-StatesNorth-America

• Rhabdomiris striatellus

  Striped Oak Bug

  Rhabdomiris striatellus is a mirid bug distributed across the Palearctic region, from Europe through Asia Minor to the Caucasus. The species is strongly associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.). Adults measure 7–9 mm and display variable coloration from yellow to reddish-brown with distinctive wing patterning. The species exhibits life stage-dependent feeding habits: nymphs feed on plant material while adults are predatory.

  oak-associatedpredatory-adultphytophagous-nymphpalearcticplant-bugmirid

• Rhinacloa manleyi

  Rhinacloa manleyi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Schuh & Schwartz in 1985. The genus Rhinacloa belongs to the diverse mirid subfamily Cylapinae, a group of small predatory or mycophagous bugs often associated with leaf litter and decaying vegetation. Records indicate presence across Middle America, North America, and South America including Brazil (Mato Grosso). Like other members of its genus, it likely inhabits tropical and subtropical forest floor environments.

  MiridaeCylapinaeplant-bugtropicalleaf-litter

• Rhinocapsus

  azalea plant bug

  Rhinocapsus is a small genus of North American plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Uhler in 1890. The genus contains two described species: Rhinocapsus rubricans and Rhinocapsus vanduzeei, the latter commonly known as the azalea plant bug. These insects belong to the true bugs (Heteroptera) and are part of the diverse mirid fauna of North America.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-Americaazaleahorticultural-pest

• Rhinocapsus vanduzeei

  Azalea plant bug

  Rhinocapsus vanduzeei, commonly known as the azalea plant bug, is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to North America, with documented records from Canada and several eastern U.S. states including Georgia, New York, and West Virginia. The species is known to feed on azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) as its primary host plant, but has also been observed consuming Lepidopteran eggs, whiteflies, and thrips, suggesting a mixed feeding strategy that includes both plant and animal prey.

  Miridaeplant-bugazaleaRhododendronpredatory-miridNorth-Americaornamental-pest

• Roburocoris exiguus

  Roburocoris exiguus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Weirauch in 2009. The species is distributed across the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to a large and diverse family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugtrue-bugNearctic2009-descriptionWeirauch

• Saileria irrorata

  Saileria irrorata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by T. Henry in 1976. It is a small true bug known from scattered records across the eastern and southeastern United States. As a member of the plant bug family, it is presumed to feed on plant fluids, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaHemiptera

• Scalponotatus albibasis

  Scalponotatus albibasis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1938. It is a small predatory or phytophagous true bug with a documented distribution in North America, specifically recorded from Arizona. The species belongs to a genus within the diverse mirid fauna of the region.

  MiridaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaArizonaplant-bugKnight-1938

• Schaffneria

  Schaffneria is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Knight in 1966. It belongs to the infraorder Cimicomorpha within the true bugs (Heteroptera). The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal published information on its species diversity, biology, or ecology.

  miridplant-bugrarely-recordedpoorly-known

• Schaffneria davisi

  Schaffneria davisi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. It is distributed across the eastern Nearctic region, with records from multiple U.S. states and Canadian provinces. The species was originally described under the genus Pamillia before being transferred to Schaffneria.

  plant-bugMiridaeHemipteraNearcticeastern-North-America

• Semium hirtum

  Semium hirtum is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It is distributed across parts of North America and Central America, with confirmed records from Canada, Mexico, and multiple U.S. states including Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and West Virginia. The species belongs to a small genus of mirid bugs, with only four known species in the genus Semium. As a member of the Miridae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the family.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaCentral-Americatrue-bug

• Sericophanes heidemanni

  Sericophanes heidemanni is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Poppius in 1914. It belongs to the genus Sericophanes, a group within the diverse mirid fauna of North America. The species has been documented in the eastern United States, with confirmed records from Georgia and New York.

  plant-bugmiridNearcticeastern-North-America

• Sixeonotus insignis

  Sixeonotus insignis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It has been recorded from North America and Brazil. Like other members of the genus, it is presumed to feed on plants, though specific host associations remain undocumented. The species is represented by relatively few observations in public databases.

  plant-bugmiridHemiptera

• Slaterocoris atritibialis

  Slaterocoris atritibialis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Knight in 1938. The species is known from scattered records across eastern North America, with documented occurrences in Ontario, New York, West Virginia, and Georgia.

  plant-bugMiridaeNearcticeastern-North-America

• Stenodema pilosipes

  Stenodema pilosipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Kelton in 1961. It belongs to a genus of grass-feeding mirids. The species is documented from western North America.

  plant-buggrass-bugwestern-North-America

• Stenomacra marginella

  bordered plant bug

  Stenomacra marginella is a bordered plant bug in the family Largidae, found across the Americas from North America through Central America to South America. The species has been documented feeding on various plants including Seep Willow (Baccharis salicifolia) and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia). Research has examined male copulatory behavior and its effects on reproduction. The species serves as a host for parasitoids and has been observed in high abundance in riparian habitats.

  HemipteraHeteropteraLargidaeplant-bugbordered-plant-bugAmericasriparianomnivoresexual-selectionmodel-organism

• Stenotus

  plant bug

  Stenotus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, comprising species that are primarily associated with grasses and cereal crops. The genus includes notable agricultural pests, particularly Stenotus rubrovittatus (sorghum plant bug or pecky rice bug), which causes significant damage to rice and other Poaceae. Species in this genus exhibit specialized host plant relationships and distinct reproductive behaviors tied to plant phenology.

  plant-bugMiridaeagricultural-pestrice-pestgrasslandPoaceaepecky-riceoviposition-behaviormating-behavior

• Sthenaropsidea

  Sthenaropsidea is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Henry & Schuh in 2002. The genus is monotypic, containing a single described species, S. mcateei. As a member of Miridae, it belongs to the largest family of true bugs, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  monotypicpoorly-knownMiridaeplant-bug

• Stictopsallus

  Stictopsallus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, described by Randall T. Schuh in 2006. As a recently described genus within the diverse Miridae family, it represents a group of small, soft-bodied true bugs. The genus belongs to the infraorder Cimicomorpha, which includes many predatory and plant-feeding heteropterans. Very few observations of this genus exist in public databases.

  miridplant-bugtrue-bugrecently-described

• Taedia fasciola

  Taedia fasciola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1930. It is recorded from Arizona, USA. As a member of the genus Taedia, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs whose members are generally associated with vegetation, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  MiridaeHemipteraInsectaplant-bugArizonaUSAKnight-1930

• Taedia johnstoni

  Taedia johnstoni is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1930. It belongs to the large and diverse genus Taedia, which contains numerous plant-feeding mirids. The species has been documented in the southern United States.

  miridplant-bugHemipteraNorth-America

• Taedia maculosa

  Taedia maculosa is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1930. The species is known from the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona. As a member of the large and diverse Miridae family, it belongs to a group of true bugs commonly associated with vegetation.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-AmericaArizona

• Taedia marmorata

  Taedia marmorata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1894. It is distributed across parts of Central America and North America, with records from Mexico (including Baja California) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, California, New Mexico). As a member of the Miridae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. The specific epithet "marmorata" refers to a marbled or mottled appearance.

  Miridaeplant-bugHemipteraNorth-AmericaCentral-America

• Taedia scrupea

  Taedia scrupea is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Thomas Say in 1832. It is a true bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with a broad distribution across eastern and central North America, extending into Mexico. The species has been documented in 887 iNaturalist observations, indicating it is moderately well-recorded in citizen science datasets.

  plant-bugmiridtrue-bugNorth-American-fauna

• Taedia virgulata

  Taedia virgulata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1930. The species is documented from the southwestern United States and Mexico. As a member of the genus Taedia, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs commonly associated with herbaceous vegetation. The species has been recorded in Arizona and Texas in the United States, as well as in Mexico.

  plant-bugmiridHemipteraHeteropterasouthwestern-North-AmericaKnight-1930

• Taylorilygus

  Taylorilygus plant bugs

  Taylorilygus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, containing more than 40 described species. The genus belongs to the taxonomically challenging Lygus-complex and has been the subject of molecular phylogenetic studies to clarify its relationships with related genera such as Diomocoris and Micromimetus. Species within this genus exhibit broad geographic distributions, with T. apicalis occurring on every continent except Antarctica and other species concentrated primarily in Africa with scattered occurrences in Asia, Europe, and Australia. At least some species are phytophagous and associated with agricultural systems, including soybean fields.

  MiridaeHemipteraLygus-complexplant-bugagricultural-pestpolyphagous

• Taylorilygus apicalis

  Broken-backed Bug

  Taylorilygus apicalis, commonly known as the broken-backed bug, is a small plant bug in the family Miridae. Adults measure 4–5 mm and are typically light green or tan with distinctive brown wing markings. The species is named for its characteristic wing posture, with tips bent downward at approximately 45°. It has a cosmopolitan distribution across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania, and is known to feed primarily on Asteraceae species.

  Miridaeplant-bugphytoplasma-vectorcosmopolitanAsteraceae-feeder

• Teleorhinus

  Teleorhinus is a genus of true bugs in the family Miridae (plant bugs), first described by Uhler in 1890. The genus belongs to the infraorder Cimicomorpha within the suborder Heteroptera. The name Teleorhinus has also been used historically for an extinct crocodyliform (now Terminonaris), but the valid current usage applies to the hemipteran genus.

  Miridaeplant-bugtrue-bugUhler-1890

• Trigonotylus pulcher

  Trigonotylus pulcher is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1876. It is distributed across North America and Central America, with records from the southwestern United States including Arizona, Texas, and California, as well as broader regions of Middle America. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaCentral-America

• Trigonotylus uhleri

  Trigonotylus uhleri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It belongs to a genus of grass-inhabiting mirids that has been taxonomically revised for North America. The species is known from the eastern and boreal regions of North America.

  Miridaeplant-bugNorth-Americagrassland

• Tropidosteptes

  ash plant bugs

  Tropidosteptes is a genus of plant bugs (Miridae) containing at least 30 described species. The genus is best known from T. chapingoensis, the ash plant bug, which has been studied in detail for its life cycle and impact on urban ash trees. Species in this genus are associated with Fraxinus (ash) trees and can cause significant defoliation damage. The genus occurs in North America, with at least one species introduced to South America.

  Miridaeplant-bugashFraxinusurban-pestphytophagousMexicoColombiaintroduced-speciesbiological-control

• Tropidosteptes pacificus

  Tropidosteptes pacificus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1921. It belongs to the diverse family of true bugs commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs. The species has been documented in western North America, with records from California, Oregon, and British Columbia, as well as isolated occurrences in Pennsylvania and the Netherlands.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugVan-Duzee-1921

• Tropidosteptes palmeri

  A small plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1908. Records indicate presence in eastern and central North America, including Quebec, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. As a member of Miridae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of true bugs.

  Miridaeplant-bugNearcticHemiptera

• Tropidosteptes quercicola

  Oak Catkin Mirid

  Tropidosteptes quercicola is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the oak catkin mirid. It is native to North America and is associated with oak trees. The species was first described by Johnston in 1939. It is one of the more frequently observed mirid species in its range, with over 3,000 documented observations.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugoak-associatedNorth-America

• Tropidosteptes rufusculus

  Tropidosteptes rufusculus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1923. Originally placed in the genus Neoborus, it was later transferred to Tropidosteptes. The species is known from limited records in New York State, USA. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be phytophagous, though specific host plants remain undocumented.

  Miridaeplant-bugNew-Yorkrarely-recordedKnight-1923

• Tropidosteptes tricolor

  Tropidosteptes tricolor is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Van Duzee in 1912. It belongs to a genus of mirid bugs found in North America. Records indicate presence in the eastern and southeastern United States, specifically Mississippi and New Jersey. Like other members of Miridae, it is likely associated with vascular plants, though specific host relationships remain undocumented in the available literature.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaVan-Duzee-1912

• Tupiocoris rhododendri

  Tupiocoris rhododendri is a plant-feeding mirid bug native to North America and introduced to parts of Europe. It is strongly associated with rhododendron plants, on which it feeds exclusively. The species is readily identified by its contrasting coloration of black pronotum, brown wings, and yellow legs. It has been documented in the eastern United States and several European countries including Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

  plant-bugmiridrhododendron-specialistintroduced-speciesornamental-pest

• Tupiocoris similis

  Tupiocoris similis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, originally described as Dicyphus similis by Kelton in 1980. It belongs to a genus of predatory or phytophagous true bugs distributed across the Nearctic region. The species has been documented in Canada (Ontario) and the United States, with distribution records indicating presence in Nearctic regions including Beringia and California. As a member of the Miridae, it shares the family's characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts and hemelytral wing structure typical of true bugs.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNearcticKelton-1980Dicyphus-similisCanadaUnited-States

• Tuxedo

  Tuxedo is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae. The genus was established by Schuh in 2001 and contains approximately seven described species. These mirids are associated with coniferous host plants, particularly pines.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugHemipteraconiferpineNorth-America

• Tuxedo drakei

  Tuxedo drakei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Schuh in 2004. The genus Tuxedo was revised by Schuh in 2004, with T. drakei being one of the species included in that revision. It belongs to the subfamily Phylinae, a group of mirid bugs commonly associated with coniferous and other woody plants. Species in this genus are native to western North America.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugNorth-AmericaCaliforniaconifer-associatedSchuh-2004

• Tuxedo flavicollis

  Tuxedo flavicollis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1929. Originally placed in the genus Microphylellus, it was later transferred to Tuxedo. The species is known from western North America, with records from California, Oregon, and Washington. As a member of the subfamily Phylinae, it belongs to a group of mirids commonly associated with specific host plants.

  plant-bugMiridaePhylinaeNorth-Americawestern-USA

• Tuxedo nicholi

  Tuxedo nicholi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae, described by Knight in 1929. The genus Tuxedo was revised by Schuh in 2004, who established it as a distinct genus within the phyline plant bugs. This species is known from the southwestern United States, specifically recorded from Arizona, California, and Utah. Like other members of Phylinae, it is likely associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological studies remain limited.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugtrue-bugsouthwestern-United-States

• Tuxedo susansolomonae

  Tuxedo susansolomonae is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Randall T. Schuh in 2004. The genus Tuxedo belongs to the subfamily Phylinae, a group of small, often cryptically colored mirids associated with diverse host plants. The species epithet honors Susan Solomon. Members of this genus are found in western North America.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugwestern-North-AmericaSchuh-2004

• Tytthus alboornatus

  Tytthus alboornatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1931. It belongs to the genus Tytthus, which contains species associated with grasses. The species is documented from the eastern United States and Gulf Coast region.

  miridplant-bugNorth-Americagrassland

• Tytthus balli

  Tytthus balli is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1931. It belongs to the genus Tytthus, which comprises small predatory mirids known for feeding on mite eggs. The species has been recorded from Florida and Texas in the United States. Like other members of its genus, it likely plays a role in biological control of pest mites in agricultural and natural systems.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-AmericaFloridaTexas

• Tytthus parviceps

  Tytthus parviceps is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It has a circumtropical distribution, with records spanning the Americas, Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe. The species was described by Reuter in 1890. As a member of the genus Tytthus, it belongs to a group of mirid bugs, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  Miridaeplant-bugcircumtropicalHemipteratrue-bug

• Tytthus uniformis

  Tytthus uniformis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Henry in 2012. It belongs to the genus Tytthus, a group of small predatory mirids known for their association with leafhopper prey. The species is documented from the southwestern United States.

  MiridaePhylinaeplant-bugpredatoryNearctic

• Tytthus wheeleri

  Tytthus wheeleri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Henry in 2012. The species is distributed across the southeastern and central United States, with records from South Carolina, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Virginia. As a member of the genus Tytthus, it belongs to a group of small predatory mirids.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugpredatory-miridNorth-AmericaUSA

• Usingerella simplex

  Velvet-striped grasshopper

  Usingerella simplex is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1909 under the basionym Cyrtopeltis simplex. It is one of very few species in the genus Usingerella, a small and poorly documented mirid genus. The species is known from limited records in the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and California. Available information on its biology and ecology is minimal.

  MiridaeHemipteraplant-bugNorth-Americasouthwestern-United-StatesArizonaCaliforniapoorly-known-speciesrare-genus

• Vanduzeephylus falcatus

  Vanduzeephylus falcatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917 under the basionym Reuteroscopus falcatus. The species belongs to a small genus of mirid bugs distributed in western North America. It is a true bug (Heteroptera) characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the order Hemiptera.

  MiridaeHeteropterawestern-North-Americaplant-bug