Lygaeoidea

Guides

Artheneidae
Artheneid Bugs
Artheneidae is a family of true bugs in the order Hemiptera, containing approximately 7 genera and at least 20 described species. The family was previously classified within Lygaeidae but is now recognized as distinct. It comprises three subfamilies: Artheneinae, Dilompinae, and Nothochrominae. Members are distributed across parts of Europe, with records from Denmark and Sweden.
true-bugs Hemiptera Lygaeoidea European-fauna
Blissus barberi
Blissus barberi is a species of chinch bug in the family Blissidae, described by Leonard in 1968. It belongs to a genus containing several economically significant pests of cereal crops and turfgrass. The species is part of a taxonomic group whose members are characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts and association with grasses. Specific biological and ecological details for B. barberi remain poorly documented in the available literature.
chinch-bug Blissidae grass-pest Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Leonard-1968
Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
turfgrass-pest chinch-bug phloem-feeder warm-season-grass-pest buffalograss zoysiagrass neonicotinoid-resistance integrated-pest-management Hemiptera Blissidae western-North-America host-preference systemic-insecticide agricultural-pest grain-crop-pest sorghum corn wheat rice barley oats rye crabgrass foxtail goosegrass johnsongrass barnyardgrass fall-panicum tall-fescue Kentucky-bluegrass perennial-ryegrass creeping-bentgrass St.-Augustinegrass centipedegrass bermudagrass phloem-sap-feeder turfgrass-management insecticide-degradation imidacloprid clothianidin thiamethoxam pesticide-efficacy host-suitability nymphal-mortality fecundity survival host-relocation stoloniferous-growth grass-architecture choice-behavior polyphagy specialist-feeding pest-of-lawns golf-course-pest sports-turf-pest residential-pest agricultural-entomology economic-entomology integrated-turf-management Barber-1918 Western-Nearctic Central-America North-America United-States Canada California Colorado Kansas Montana Nebraska New-Mexico Alberta British-Columbia Manitoba Saskatchewan true-bug Lygaeidae Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha Lygaeoidea Hexapoda Arthropoda Insecta Animalia Eukaryota Metazoa arthropod insect bug plant-feeding-insect sap-feeder economic-pest managed-grassland research-subject field-efficacy HPLC-analysis systemic-distribution leaf-tissue-concentration differential-mortality inconsistent-control insecticide-resistance pest-management turfgrass-science agronomy horticulture landscape-management host-plant-resistance cultivar-susceptibility population-dynamics movement-behavior colonization reproduction development nymph adult wing-polymorphism morphology identification-key diagnostic-character geographic-range species-distribution native-range introduced-range occasional-pest seasonal-activity monitoring scouting treatment-threshold action-threshold economic-injury-level damage-symptom plant-discoloration stunting turf-damage yield-loss crop-protection pest-control 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inpatient-management-of-acute-malnutrition prevention-of-acute-malnutrition treatment-of-acute-malnutrition management-of-moderate-acute-malnutrition management-of-severe-acute-malnutrition wasting underweight micronutrient-deficiency anemia iodine-deficiency vitamin-A-deficiency zinc-deficiency iron-deficiency folate-deficiency vitamin-D-deficiency calcium-deficiency obesity overweight diet-related-non-communicable-disease diabetes cardiovascular-disease cancer dental-caries mental-health cognitive-development human-capital economic-growth productivity labor-force-participation employment livelihood income poverty inequality social-exclusion marginalization sustainability intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity spatial-equity temporal-equity procedural-equity distributional-equity recognitional-equity capability-approach human-development human-flourishing well-being quality-of-life life-satisfaction happiness subjective-well-being objective-well-being material-well-being 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tactical operational foundational structural functional procedural behavioral attitudinal cultural social economic political environmental technological institutional organizational individual collective community societal global local national regional landscape seascape waterscape airscape biosphere noosphere technosphere sociosphere ecosphere hydrosphere atmosphere lithosphere pedosphere cryosphere anthroposphere urban-sphere rural-sphere agricultural-sphere natural-sphere managed-sphere protected-sphere restored-sphere degraded-sphere transformed-sphere connected-sphere disconnected-sphere integrated-sphere fragmented-sphere resilient-sphere vulnerable-sphere adaptive-sphere maladaptive-sphere sustainable-sphere unsustainable-sphere equitable-sphere inequitable-sphere just-sphere unjust-sphere inclusive-sphere exclusive-sphere diverse-sphere homogeneous-sphere complex-sphere simple-sphere dynamic-sphere static-sphere stable-sphere unstable-sphere predictable-sphere unpredictable-sphere controllable-sphere uncontrollable-sphere manageable-sphere unmanageable-sphere governable-sphere ungovernable-sphere navigable-sphere unnavigable-sphere traversable-sphere untraversable-sphere permeable-sphere impermeable-sphere porous-sphere non-porous-sphere transparent-sphere opaque-sphere visible-sphere invisible-sphere tangible-sphere intangible-sphere material-sphere immaterial-sphere physical-sphere metaphysical-sphere empirical-sphere theoretical-sphere practical-sphere applied-sphere pure-sphere basic-sphere strategic-sphere tactical-sphere operational-sphere foundational-sphere superstructural-sphere infrastructural-sphere structural-sphere functional-sphere procedural-sphere behavioral-sphere attitudinal-sphere cultural-sphere social-sphere economic-sphere political-sphere environmental-sphere technological-sphere institutional-sphere organizational-sphere individual-sphere collective-sphere community-sphere societal-sphere global-sphere local-sphere 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airscape-sphere-sphere-sphere biosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere noosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere technosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere sociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere ecosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere hydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere atmosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere lithosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere pedosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere cryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere anthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphere
Cordillonotus stellatus
Cordillonotus stellatus is a species of true bug in the family Rhyparochromidae (seed bugs), described by Scudder in 1984. It belongs to the subfamily Rhyparochrominae within the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The species is known from North America, though detailed information about its biology and ecology remains limited.
seed-bug true-bug Rhyparochromidae Lygaeoidea North-American-fauna poorly-known-species
Cryphula
dirt-colored seed bugs
Cryphula is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs (family Rhyparochromidae) comprising approximately 14 described species distributed in the Americas. The genus was established by Stål in 1874. Species in this genus have been documented in association with decomposing plant material, particularly dead Heliconia inflorescences and leaves.
Rhyparochromidae seed-bug Heliconia Neotropical decomposing-vegetation Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha Lygaeoidea Lethaeini Cryphula-Stål-1874 dirt-colored-seed-bug true-bug saprophagous-association plant-debris Trinidad-fauna Americas-distribution
Cymidae
Cymidae is a family of true bugs within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha. The family comprises approximately 60 described species distributed across 12 genera, organized into two subfamilies: Cyminae and Ontiscinae. Members are classified within the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The family includes two fossil genera: †Cephalocoris and †Procymus.
true-bugs Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea
Cymoninus
Cymoninus is a genus of true bugs in the family Ninidae, established by Breddin in 1907. The genus comprises at least four described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Members of this genus are small, seed-feeding heteropterans within the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The family Ninidae is relatively poorly studied compared to other lygaeoid families.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Ninidae true-bugs seed-bugs tropical-insects genus Breddin-1907
Cymus nigrofemoralis
Cymus nigrofemoralis is a species of seed bug in the family Cymidae, described by Hamid in 1975. It is one of approximately 30 species in the genus Cymus, which are small, delicate true bugs associated with moist habitats. The species is known from the United States, though detailed biological information remains limited. Cymids are generally found in damp environments where they feed on seeds and plant material.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Cymidae North-America seed-bug
Ereminellus arizonensis
Ereminellus arizonensis is a species of true bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Barber in 1932. It belongs to the tribe Myodochini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae. The species is known from the southwestern United States and Middle America. As a member of the seed bug family Rhyparochromidae, it likely feeds on seeds, though specific dietary habits remain undocumented.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Rhyparochromidae seed-bug true-bug Myodochini Arizona Southwestern-USA
Gampsocorinae
stilt bugs
Gampsocorinae is a subfamily of stilt bugs (family Berytidae) established by Southwood & Leston in 1959. It contains approximately 60 described species distributed across two tribes: Gampsocorini and Hoplinini. Members are characterized by their elongated, slender legs that give the group its common name. The subfamily has been documented in multiple global databases including ITIS, Catalogue of Life, and GBIF.
stilt-bugs Berytidae Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha Lygaeoidea
Geocoridae
Big-eyed bugs
Geocoridae is a family of predatory true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) comprising over 290 described species. Members are commonly known as big-eyed bugs due to their prominent, laterally expanded eyes. The family is classified within the superfamily Lygaeoidea and includes five subfamilies: Australocorinae, Bledionotinae, Geocorinae, Henestarinae, and Pamphantinae. Several species, particularly in the genus Geocoris, are recognized as important biological control agents in agricultural systems.
predator biological-control agricultural-pest-management Lygaeoidea big-eyed-bugs
Hadrosomus teapensis
Hadrosomus teapensis is a seed bug in the family Lygaeidae, first described by Distant in 1893. The species is known from both Mexico and the United States, with records extending from the type locality at Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico to southern Florida. As a member of the Lygaeinae subfamily, it belongs to a group of true bugs adapted for seed feeding. The species remains poorly documented in the primary literature, with most records derived from specimen databases and limited field observations.
seed-bug Lygaeidae Lygaeinae Neotropical Nearctic Mexico Florida Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha Lygaeoidea
Heterogastridae
Heterogastridae is a family of seed bugs in the superfamily Lygaeoidea, comprising approximately 20–23 genera and 97–100 species. The group has been variously classified as subfamily, tribe, and subtribe, but is currently recognized at family rank. Members possess a distinctive midgut M4 region with two rows of crypts housing Caballeronia bacterial symbionts, representing a stable and specific mutualistic association. The family forms a basal lineage of Lygaeoidea alongside Pachygronthidae.
Lygaeoidea seed-bugs gut-symbiosis Caballeronia basal-lineage
Holcocranum
Holcocranum is a genus of true bugs in the family Artheneidae, established by Fieber in 1860. The genus contains at least two described species: Holcocranum diminutum and Holcocranum saturejae. These small lygaeoid bugs are part of the diverse seed bug assemblage within the Pentatomomorpha infraorder. The genus has been documented through 155 observations on iNaturalist, indicating moderate but growing recognition among naturalists.
seed-bug Lygaeoidea Palearctic
Mayana ramosus
Mayana ramosus is a species of true bug in the family Oxycarenidae, first described by Barber in 1938. The genus Mayana is a small group within the lygaeoid complex, and this species is one of few documented members. Records indicate occurrence in the United States. Like other Oxycarenidae, it is presumed to be a seed-feeding heteropteran, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
true-bug seed-bug Lygaeoidea rarely-collected poorly-known
Metopoplax
Metopoplax is a genus of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the family Oxycarenidae, established by Fieber in 1860. The genus contains at least three described species: M. ditomoides, M. fuscinervis, and M. origani. Members of this genus are small heteropterans classified within the superfamily Lygaeoidea.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Oxycarenidae true-bugs
Oedalocanthus
Oedalocanthus is a genus of stilt bugs in the family Berytidae, established by Henry in 1996. It belongs to the subfamily Gampsocorinae and tribe Hoplinini. Members of this genus are characterized by their elongated, slender body form typical of stilt bugs, with extremely long legs adapted for life on vegetation. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with very few observations recorded.
stilt-bug Berytidae Lygaeoidea rarely-observed Henry-1996
Oedancala
Oedancala is a genus of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the family Pachygronthidae, established by Amyot & Serville in 1843. The genus comprises approximately 14 described species distributed in the Americas. Members are classified within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, superfamily Lygaeoidea. Some species have been documented utilizing grasses as host plants.
true-bugs Pachygronthidae grass-feeding Americas Pentatomomorpha Lygaeoidea
Ozophora depicturata
dirt-colored seed bug
Ozophora depicturata is a seed bug species in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Barber in 1928. It belongs to the large and diverse group of 'dirt-colored seed bugs' characterized by generally dull, earth-toned coloration. The species is documented from North America, with occurrence records from the United States.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea seed-bug North-America
Ozophorini
dirt-colored seed bugs
Ozophorini is a tribe of true bugs within the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Sweet in 1967. The tribe comprises more than 30 genera and approximately 220 described species. Members are classified within the seed bug assemblage of the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The tribe has been subject to taxonomic revision, particularly for genera such as Vertomannus, and biological studies including life cycle documentation for species like Balboa variabilis.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Rhyparochromidae seed-bugs dirt-colored-seed-bugs tribe Sweet-1967 Oriental-Region taxonomic-revision life-cycle-study
Pachygronthidae
Pachygronthidae is a family of true bugs (Hemiptera) within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, superfamily Lygaeoidea. The family comprises approximately 14 genera and at least 80 described species, organized into two subfamilies: Pachygronthinae and Teracriinae. Members are seed bugs with documented occurrence across North America, Mexico, and temperate regions of East Asia including Korea, Japan, China, and Russia.
seed-bugs Lygaeoidea agricultural-pest microbiome-research
Paurocoris punctata
Paurocoris punctata is a seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Distant in 1893. The species belongs to the tribe Antillocorini and is known from scattered records in the southern United States and Panama. As a member of the Lygaeoidea superfamily, it likely exhibits the typical seed-feeding habits common to this group, though specific ecological data remain limited. The genus Paurocoris is relatively poorly studied, with most species known from few specimens and limited geographic documentation.
seed-bug Rhyparochromidae Lygaeoidea Hemiptera Heteroptera Antillocorini Paurocoris Nearctic Neotropical USA Panama Distant-1893
Peritrechus fraternus
dirt-colored seed bug
Peritrechus fraternus is a species of seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Uhler in 1871. It belongs to a group commonly referred to as dirt-colored seed bugs, characterized by their dull, earth-toned coloration. The species occurs across much of North America and extends into Central America. Records indicate presence in Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea seed-bug Nearctic
Phlegyas annulicrus
Phlegyas annulicrus is a true bug in the family Pachygronthidae, distributed from the southern United States through Mexico to Central America. It inhabits marshy and wetland habitats, feeding on seeds of sedges (Cyperaceae), particularly Cyperus species. The species undergoes five nymphal instars before reaching adulthood.
seed-feeding wetland marsh sedge-associated pentatomomorpha lygaeoidea
Piesmatidae
ash-grey leaf bugs, ash-gray leaf bugs
Piesmatidae is a small family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the superfamily Lygaeoidea, commonly known as ash-grey leaf bugs. The family contains three extant subfamilies and eleven genera, with over 40 described species. Members are small phytophagous insects, typically 2–4 mm in length, characterized by a distinctive reticulate or dimpled pattern on the head, thorax, and corium of the hemelytra. This dimpled texture represents convergent evolution with the lace bugs (Tingidae) of the infraorder Cimicomorpha. The family has a predominantly temperate Northern Hemisphere distribution, with additional occurrences in Africa, Australia, and South America.
phytophagous true-bugs Lygaeoidea convergent-evolution forensic-entomology Gondwanan-distribution Australian-endemic
Plinthisus martini
dirt-colored seed bug
Plinthisus martini is a species of seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Van Duzee in 1921. It belongs to a group commonly known as dirt-colored seed bugs, characterized by their generally dull, earth-toned coloration. The species is documented from North America. As a member of the subfamily Plinthisinae, it is part of a lineage of small, ground-dwelling lygaeoid bugs whose biology remains poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Rhyparochromidae Plinthisinae seed-bug dirt-colored-seed-bug Lygaeoidea North-America Van-Duzee-1921 ground-bug
Prytanes oblongus
dirt-colored seed bug
Prytanes oblongus is a species of seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Stål in 1862. It belongs to the dirt-colored seed bug group, characterized by generally dull, earth-toned coloration. The species has a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. As a member of the Lygaeoidea superfamily, it shares traits with other ground-dwelling seed bugs that feed on plant seeds.
seed-bug dirt-colored-bug Hemiptera Heteroptera Rhyparochromidae Myodochini Lygaeoidea
Pseudopamera aurivilliana
Long Brown-washed Seed Bug
Pseudopamera aurivilliana is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Distant in 1882. It is commonly known as the Long Brown-washed Seed Bug. The species has been documented across parts of North America and Central America.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Rhyparochromidae Myodochini seed-bug dirt-colored-seed-bug
Slaterobius chisos
Slaterobius chisos is a species of seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Slater & Sweet in 1993. It is known from the Chisos Mountains region of western Texas, a rugged desert mountain range within Big Bend National Park. The species belongs to a genus of ground-dwelling seed bugs associated with arid and semi-arid habitats. Like other members of Rhyparochromidae, it is presumed to feed on seeds, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The species is rarely collected and appears to have a restricted geographic range.
seed-bug Rhyparochromidae Myodochini Chisos-Mountains Big-Bend-National-Park Texas-endemic ground-bug brachypterous desert-mountain rarely-collected 1993-description Slater Sweet western-Texas montane-desert restricted-range Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea
Tempyra
Tempyra is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae. The genus was established by Stål in 1874 and contains at least two described species: Tempyra biguttula and Tempyra testacea. These true bugs belong to the superfamily Lygaeoidea and tribe Udeocorini.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Rhyparochromidae Lygaeoidea Udeocorini seed-bugs dirt-colored-bugs true-bugs genus Stål-1874 Tempyra-biguttula Tempyra-testacea
Togodolentus
Togodolentus is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, tribe Drymini. It was established by Barber in 1918. Species in this genus are small, ground-dwelling true bugs with cryptic coloration. The genus is part of the lygaeoid radiation of seed-feeding heteropterans.
Rhyparochromidae Drymini seed-bugs Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Barber-1918
Trapezonotus
dirt-colored seed bugs
Trapezonotus is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Fieber in 1861. The genus comprises approximately 19-20 described species distributed primarily across Europe and parts of Asia. Taxonomic revision has clarified subspecies boundaries in some members, notably Trapezonotus dispar, which is divided into European and Caucasian-Asian Minor subspecies. The genus is part of the diverse lygaeoid assemblage of true bugs.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Lygaeoidea Rhyparochromidae seed-bugs dirt-colored-seed-bugs Gonianotini
Wheelerodemus
Wheelerodemus is a genus of true bugs in the family Blissidae, described by Henry and Sweet in 2015. The genus contains at least one described species, Wheelerodemus muhlenbergiae. Members of this genus are associated with grasses in the genus Muhlenbergia.
Blissidae Lygaeoidea grass-feeding Muhlenbergia recently-described 2015 true-bugs Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha
Zeridoneus
dirt-colored seed bugs
Zeridoneus is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Barber in 1918. The genus contains three described species: Z. costalis, Z. knulli, and Z. petersoni. These true bugs belong to the tribe Myodochini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae.
Rhyparochromidae Myodochini seed-bugs Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha Lygaeoidea