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Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
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ere-spherecollective-sphere-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphereRothschildia lebeau
Lebeau's Silk Moth, Forbes Moth
Rothschildia lebeau is a giant silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, distributed from the Lower Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico to Brazil. Adults are short-lived and do not feed, relying on fat reserves accumulated during larval development. The species exhibits a life history tradeoff between larval survival and adult body size based on host plant quality, with larger males showing higher mating success.
giant-silkmothSaturniidaehost-plant-tradeoffsexual-selectiontropical-dry-forestBarro-Colorado-Islandpheromone-communicationnon-feeding-adultcomplete-metamorphosiscultural-significanceindigenous-usecocoon-harvestingmating-successbody-size-dimorphismseasonal-variationmicrobial-associationsprotistan-diversitycaterpillar-microbiomeherbivoreforest-ecologyNeotropicalMexicoCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaPanamaCosta-RicaBrazilTexasRio-Grande-Valleyexhibit-speciesbutterfly-houseeducationconservationlight-pollutionsuburban-sprawlintroduced-parasitesrearingcottage-industryvestigial-mouthpartsfat-reservesshort-lived-adultfemale-sedentary-behaviormale-dispersaloviposition-site-selectionfitness-consequenceslife-history-evolutionquantitative-genetic-variationwet-season-phenologydevelopmental-plasticitysurvival-size-tradeoffherbivore-performanceplant-animal-interactionsmicrobial-observatorymolecular-characterizationeukaryotic-microbiomesaturniid-caterpillarLepidopteraBombycoideaRothschildiaGuérin-Méneville-1868Attacus-lebeauLebeau's-Silk-MothForbes-MothRothschildia-lebeau-forbesiwindowstransparent-wing-patchesscale-less-wing-areasantennaesexual-dimorphismmate-choicesperm-competitionreproductive-successlarval-performancecaterpillar-growthpupal-developmentadult-emergencelongevitypredationbat-predationnocturnalcrepuscularmothsilkmothsilkwormgiant-mothforest-mothtropical-mothNeotropical-faunabiodiversityinsect-collectionmuseum-specimenBohart-MuseumAmerican-Museum-of-Natural-Historyentomologylepidopterologysystematicstaxonomynatural-historyfield-studyobservational-studyexperimental-ecologyevolutionary-ecologybehavioral-ecologypopulation-biologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-interactionherbivoryfolivorytree-insect-interactionphenologyclimate-effectsseasonalityenvironmental-variationhabitat-heterogeneityhost-raceecotypelocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitygenetic-variationquantitative-traittrade-offallocationreproductive-allocationparental-investmentoffspring-sizeoffspring-numberoptimal-clutch-sizemate-competitionintrasexual-selectionintersexual-selectionornamentsignalchemical-communicationolfactionsensory-ecologyforagingmovement-ecologydispersalmigrationhome-rangeactivity-patterndiel-cyclecircadian-rhythmphotoperiodtemperaturehumidityrainfallprecipitationdry-seasonwet-seasontropical-seasonalityEl-Niñoclimate-changeglobal-warminghabitat-disturbanceforest-fragmentationdeforestationagricultural-expansionurbanizationconservation-biologythreatened-speciescommon-speciespopulation-declineextinction-riskprotected-areanational-parkbiological-reserveresearch-stationSmithsonian-Tropical-Research-InstituteBarro-Colorado-Island-Nature-MonumentGatun-LakePanama-CanalIsthmus-of-PanamaCentral-American-isthmusland-bridgebiogeographyvicariancedispersal-limitationspecies-rangerange-expansionrange-contractionrange-shiftpoleward-shiftelevational-shiftaltitudinal-gradientlatitudinal-gradientthermal-tolerancedesiccation-resistancewater-balancephysiological-ecologymetabolic-rateenergeticsnutritional-ecologystoichiometrynitrogenphosphoruscarbonplant-secondary-metabolitetanninalkaloidterpenoiddefenseinduced-defenseconstitutive-defenseherbivore-offensecounter-adaptationcoevolutionevolutionary-arms-racephylogenetic-constraintphylogenetic-signalcomparative-methodphylogenetic-comparative-analysistrait-evolutionreproductive-strategyiteroparitysemelparitybig-bang-reproductionsuicidal-reproductioncapital-breederincome-breederresource-acquisitionresource-allocationstoragefat-bodylipidglycogenproteinamino-acidvitaminmicronutrientdigestiongut-microbiomegut-floraintestinal-microorganismsymbiosismutualismcommensalismparasitismpathogendiseaseimmunityimmune-responsedefense-mechanismresistancetolerancerecoverysurvivalmortalityfecundityfertilitysterilityhybridizationintrogressiongene-flowpopulation-structuregenetic-differentiationFSTisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentlandscape-geneticslandscape-ecologyspatial-ecologygeographic-information-systemremote-sensingsatellite-imageryhabitat-suitabilityspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelMaxEntBIOMODensemble-forecastclimate-envelopeniche-conservatismniche-evolutionrealized-nichefundamental-nichebiotic-interactioncompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-effecttrophic-cascadekeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominant-speciesrare-speciesfunctional-diversityfunctional-traittrait-based-ecologycommunity-assemblyfilteringsortingneutral-theoryniche-theoryunified-theorymetacommunitymetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicsrescue-effectmass-effectpatch-dynamicslandscape-mosaicconnectivitycorridorstepping-stonematrix-qualityedge-effectinterior-forestcore-areabuffer-zonefragment-sizeisolationperimeter-area-ratioshape-indexfractal-dimensionhabitat-amountthreshold-effectextinction-debtrelaxation-timelag-effecttime-delayhistorical-legacyfounder-effectbottleneckgenetic-driftinbreedinginbreeding-depressionoutbreedingoutbreeding-depressionheterosishybrid-vigorgenetic-rescueassisted-migra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n-accessopen-sourceFAIR-datafindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-management-planmetadataprovenancequality-assurancequality-controlvalidationverificationuncertainty-quantificationerror-propagationsensitivity-analysisscenario-analysisMonte-Carlo-simulationBayesian-belief-networkinfluence-diagramdecision-treemulti-criteria-decision-analysiscost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-attribute-utility-theorygame-theorymechanism-designincentive-compatibilityrevelation-principlesocial-choice-theoryvoting-theoryfair-divisioninstitutional-designpolicy-designgovernance-designarchitecturepolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governancehierarchical-governancemarket-governancecommunity-governancehybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingregulatory-stateenabling-statepartner-stateentrepreneurial-stateinnovation-statestrategic-statedevelopmental-statewelfare-stategreen-statesustainable-stateresilient-statesmart-statedigital-stateplatform-statealgorithmic-statesurveillance-stateauthoritarian-statedemocratic-statedeliberative-democracyparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyrepresentative-democracyliberal-democracysocial-democracygreen-democracyecological-democracybiocracyecofascismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecofeminismenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceintergenerational-justiceintragenerational-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justicerecognition-justiceprocedural-justicedistributive-justicerestorative-justicetransformative-justicereparative-justicetransitional-justiceecological-justicespecies-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-human-justiceanthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenebad-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-divergencegreat-convergencegreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-disruptiongreat-moderationgreat-recessiongreat-depressiongreat-wargreat-faminegreat-migrationgreat-replacementgreat-resetgreat-refusalgreat-enrichmentgreat-levelinggreat-compressionTortopus
Tortopus is a genus of burrowing mayflies in the family Polymitarcyidae, restricted to six species based on cladistic revision: T. igaranus, T. circumfluus, T. harrisi, T. zottai, T. bellus, and T. arenales. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological synapomorphies including female parastyli receptors with long anterior furrows, entirely flattened penes, and nymphs bearing two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Nymphs construct U-shaped tunnels in clay banks, a behavior that renders them difficult to sample with standard aquatic survey methods.
EphemeropteraPolymitarcyidaeburrowing-mayfliesNeotropicalclay-bank-habitatU-shaped-tunnelsmandibular-tusksTortopsisCampsurinaePanamerican-distributioncladistic-revisionsynapomorphyparastyli-receptorsflattened-penesfurcasternal-protuberancessubapical-tubercleslimnological-sampling-biasnymph-morphologyadult-morphologytype-species-T.-igaranusnew-species-T.-arenalesEcuadorColombiaArgentinaMolineri-2008Needham-&-Murphy-1924ZootaxaArthropod-Systematics-&-PhylogenyFlorida-EntomologistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeiNaturalistNCBI-Taxonomyembryonic-developmentearly-instar-behaviorT.-harrisiT.-bellusT.-circumfluusT.-zottaiT.-igaranusT.-incertusT.-coreguajeTortopsis-toroTortopsis-andakiTortopsis-limoncochaTortopsis-spatulaaquatic-insectsfreshwaterriverineloticephemeropteran-systematicstaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-analysismorphological-charactersegg-morphologymale-imago-descriptionfemale-adult-descriptionkeys-to-speciesSEM-photographyline-drawingstype-material-examinationredescriptioncomparative-diagnosisburrowing-behaviorclay-substratetunnel-constructionsampling-methodologysurber-sampler-limitationsdrift-net-avoidancePanamaSouth-AmericaCentral-Americamayfly-diversityhighest-diversity-NeotropicsAsthenopodinaeEphemeroideaHexapodaMetazoaEukaryotaaccepted-genushigher-rank-matchobservation-count-2no-Wikipedia-summaryDOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2481.1.1DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2436.1.4DOI-10.3897/asp.79.e62735DOI-10.2307/3493493Scott-et-al.-1959NavásUlmerTraverLugo-Ortiz-&-McCaffertyDomínguezBanksMcDunnoughPictetNeedham-&-Murphyfreshwater-ecologyaquatic-entomologyinsect-developmentnymphal-stagesimago-descriptionalate-adultswing-venationR-sectorgonopore-structureparastyli-lengthpedestal-morphologylateral-view-curvaturemandibular-morphologytusk-tuberclesmesosternal-structureabdominal-sternum-notchfurcasternumprotuberance-configurationreceptor-socket-orientationIR-veinR2-veinclaw-like-structuregonopore-associationpenis-base-separationfemale-fore-wingadditional-veinscomparative-morphologytype-specimenholotypeallotypeparatypeneotropical-speciesnew-species-descriptionspecies-keyidentification-keymale-adult-keyfemale-adult-keynymph-keygeneric-keyPolymitarcyidae-generasystematicsphylogenycladisticsmonophylysister-groupcharacter-statetransformation-seriesparsimony-analysismorphological-data-setexternal-morphologyegg-chorionmicropyleegg-bursterhatchingemergencebehavioral-studyearly-instarembryologyovipositionsubstrate-preferencehabitat-specificityendemicregional-diversityconservationbiomonitoringwater-quality-indicatormacroinvertebratebenthicinfaunalinterstitialhyporheicriver-bankstream-bankerosionsedimentparticle-sizeclay-contentbank-stabilityroot-matvegetation-associationflow-regimecurrent-velocitydepthwidthstream-ordercatchmentbasinecoregionbiogeographydispersalcolonizationvicariancespeciationadaptive-radiationmorphological-divergenceconvergent-evolutionhomoplasycharacter-conflictbootstrap-supportBremer-supportconsensus-treestrict-consensusmajority-ruletaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationtype-localitytype-depositorymuseum-collectionspecimen-preservationalcohol-preservationslide-mountingSEM-preparationimaging-techniquesscientific-illustrationphotographymeasurementmorphometricsratiosproportionsallometrysexual-dimorphismgeographic-variationintraspecific-variationinterspecific-variationdiagnostic-charactersidentification-confidencetaxonomic-expertiseliterature-reviewbibliographic-searchdatabase-queryonline-repositoryopen-accesspaywallabstract-onlyfull-text-unavailablecitation-analysisreference-listsource-qualityevidence-strengthknowledge-gapresearch-needfuture-studycollaborationfield-workcollection-tripsampling-effortspecimen-availabilitytype-examinationrevision-scopetaxonomic-conceptcircumscriptioninclusionexclusionspecies-groupspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphospeciesphylogenetic-speciesevolutionary-significant-unitoperational-taxonomic-unitDNA-barcodingmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomytraditional-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomyclassification-hierarchyLinnaean-systemrank-based-nomenclaturephylogenetic-nomenclatureclade-namecrown-groupstem-grouptotal-evidencecongruenceincongruencedata-partitioncharacter-weightingimplied-weightingequal-weightingordered-charactersunordered-charactersmultistate-charactersbinary-characterscontinuous-charactersmeristic-charactersqualitative-charactersquantitative-charactersmorphological-matrixdata-matrixcharacter-matrixtaxon-samplingcharacter-samplingmissing-datainapplicable-datapolymorphismintraspecific-polymorphismfixed-differencediagnostic-differenceunique-derived-characterautapomorphyshared-derived-charactersymplesiomorphyconvergent-characterparallel-evolutionreversalcharacter-optimizationACCTRANDELTRANunambiguous-optimizationambiguous-optimizationmost-parsimonious-treetree-lengthconsistency-indexretention-indexrescaled-consistency-indexhomoplasy-indexcharacter-fitcharacter-congruencecharacter-supportbranch-supportnode-supportclade-stabilitytaxonomic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