Pentatomomorpha
Guides
Acanthocerini
Acanthocerini leaf-footed bugs
Acanthocerini is a tribe of leaf-footed bugs (family Coreidae) established by Bergroth in 1913. The tribe comprises at least 20 genera and 50 described species, with taxonomic diversity concentrated in South America. Members belong to the subfamily Coreinae and share the general morphology of coreid bugs, including the characteristic leaf-like expansions on the hind legs that give the family its common name.
Aradus falleni
flat bug
Aradus falleni is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae, first described by Carl Stål in 1860. It belongs to a family characterized by dorsoventrally flattened bodies adapted for living in confined spaces under bark. The species has a broad distribution across the Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America. As with other members of Aradidae, it is likely associated with dead or decaying wood habitats, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
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ere-spherecollective-sphere-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphereCatorhintha apicalis
leaf-footed bug
Catorhintha apicalis is a leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, distributed across Central America and southwestern North America. First described by Dallas in 1852, this species occurs in Mexico, the southwestern United States (Arizona, California, Colorado), and El Salvador. As a member of the Hypselonotini tribe, it shares the characteristic leaf-like expansions of the hind tibiae typical of many coreids.
Coreoidea
Leaf-footed Bugs and Allies
Coreoidea is a superfamily of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, encompassing more than 3,300 described species across five extant families. The group includes leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae), broad-headed bugs (Alydidae), scentless plant bugs (Rhopalidae), and the smaller families Hyocephalidae and Stenocephalidae. Members are predominantly phytophagous, with many species exhibiting enlarged hind leg structures. The superfamily's phylogenetic relationships with Lygaeoidea and Pyrrhocoroidea remain unresolved, with evidence suggesting potential paraphyly requiring taxonomic revision.
Cryphula
dirt-colored seed bugs
Cryphula is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs (family Rhyparochromidae) comprising approximately 14 described species distributed in the Americas. The genus was established by Stål in 1874. Species in this genus have been documented in association with decomposing plant material, particularly dead Heliconia inflorescences and leaves.
Cymodema
Cymodema is a genus of true bugs in the family Cymidae, established by Spinola in 1837. The genus contains seven described species distributed across multiple continents. Members of this genus belong to the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, placing them among the seed bugs and related groups. The genus has been documented in iNaturalist with 56 observations, indicating it is encountered with moderate frequency by naturalists.
Gampsocorinae
stilt bugs
Gampsocorinae is a subfamily of stilt bugs (family Berytidae) established by Southwood & Leston in 1959. It contains approximately 60 described species distributed across two tribes: Gampsocorini and Hoplinini. Members are characterized by their elongated, slender legs that give the group its common name. The subfamily has been documented in multiple global databases including ITIS, Catalogue of Life, and GBIF.
Hadrosomus teapensis
Hadrosomus teapensis is a seed bug in the family Lygaeidae, first described by Distant in 1893. The species is known from both Mexico and the United States, with records extending from the type locality at Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico to southern Florida. As a member of the Lygaeinae subfamily, it belongs to a group of true bugs adapted for seed feeding. The species remains poorly documented in the primary literature, with most records derived from specimen databases and limited field observations.
Leptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconserv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nchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteranLygaeoidea
Seed Bugs and Allies
Lygaeoidea is a large superfamily of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) containing approximately 16 families and over 4,600 described species worldwide. Members are commonly known as seed bugs and allies. The superfamily includes economically important groups such as the big-eyed bugs (Geocoridae), which are predators used in biological control, as well as numerous seed-feeding species. The family-level classification underwent substantial revision in 1997 by Thomas J. Henry, with most families previously treated as subfamilies of Lygaeidae. The systematic position of Piesmatidae (ash-gray leaf bugs) remains somewhat uncertain, having been placed in its own superfamily in some classifications.
Melanaethus anthracinus
Melanaethus anthracinus is a burrowing bug in the family Cydnidae, described by Uhler in 1877. It occurs in North America and Middle America. Members of this genus are generally associated with soil habitats and subterranean feeding habits.
Niesthreini
Niesthreini is a tribe of scentless plant bugs within the family Rhopalidae, established by Chopra in 1967. The tribe comprises at least two genera—Arhyssus and Niesthrea—with approximately 17 described species. Members of this tribe are true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) belonging to the superfamily Coreoidea. The tribe is well-represented in citizen science observations, with over 9,600 records documented on iNaturalist.
Oedancala
Oedancala is a genus of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the family Pachygronthidae, established by Amyot & Serville in 1843. The genus comprises approximately 14 described species distributed in the Americas. Members are classified within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, superfamily Lygaeoidea. Some species have been documented utilizing grasses as host plants.
Pachybrachius luridus
sphagnum groundbug, dirt-colored seed bug
Pachybrachius luridus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It has a broad distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Southern Asia. The species is commonly known as the sphagnum groundbug, suggesting an association with peat-forming wetland habitats.
Paurocoris
Paurocoris is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Slater in 1980. The genus contains at least two described species: Paurocoris punctatus (Distant, 1893) and Paurocoris wygodzinskyi Slater, 1980. It belongs to the tribe Antillocorini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae.
Perillus lunatus
Perillus lunatus is a species of predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, described by Knight in 1952. Like other members of the genus Perillus, it belongs to the subfamily Asopinae, which contains predatory rather than phytophagous stink bugs. The genus Perillus is best known for P. bioculatus, the two-spotted stink bug, a significant biological control agent of the Colorado potato beetle. Perillus lunatus shares the predatory habits characteristic of this genus, though specific details of its biology are less documented than those of its congener P. bioculatus.
Phlegyas annulicrus
Phlegyas annulicrus is a true bug in the family Pachygronthidae, distributed from the southern United States through Mexico to Central America. It inhabits marshy and wetland habitats, feeding on seeds of sedges (Cyperaceae), particularly Cyperus species. The species undergoes five nymphal instars before reaching adulthood.
Pyrrhocoroidea
Red and Bordered Plant Bugs, Red Cotton Bugs
Pyrrhocoroidea is a superfamily of true bugs comprising approximately 520 species in two families: Pyrrhocoridae (red bugs, ~300 species) and Largidae (bordered plant bugs, ~220 species). Members are primarily herbivorous, with many species exhibiting bright red or orange coloration. The superfamily is distinguished by specific bacterial symbiont associations, particularly Burkholderia in Largidae, which are acquired environmentally each generation rather than transmitted maternally. Pyrrhocoroidea represents the earliest-diverging superfamily of Burkholderia-associated Hemiptera.
Stethaulax
Stethaulax is a genus of true bugs in the family Scutelleridae, commonly known as shield-backed bugs. The genus was established by Bergroth in 1891. At least one species, Stethaulax marmorata, has been studied in detail regarding its immature stages and life history. Members of this genus possess the enlarged scutellum characteristic of Scutelleridae, which covers most of the abdomen and wings.
Trissolcus
samurai wasps
Trissolcus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Scelionidae, comprising at least 180 described species. Members are obligate egg parasitoids of true bugs in the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, including stink bugs (Pentatomidae). The genus has gained significant attention due to the biological control potential of several species, particularly Trissolcus japonicus (the "samurai wasp"), against the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys). Taxonomic challenges have historically complicated identification, with recent revisionary work resolving numerous synonymies and clarifying species boundaries.
Valtissius
Valtissius is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Barber in 1918. The genus contains at least three described species. Members belong to the tribe Lethaeini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae.
Wheelerodemus
Wheelerodemus is a genus of true bugs in the family Blissidae, described by Henry and Sweet in 2015. The genus contains at least one described species, Wheelerodemus muhlenbergiae. Members of this genus are associated with grasses in the genus Muhlenbergia.
Zeridoneus
dirt-colored seed bugs
Zeridoneus is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Barber in 1918. The genus contains three described species: Z. costalis, Z. knulli, and Z. petersoni. These true bugs belong to the tribe Myodochini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae.