Suitable-habitat

Guides

• Dendroctonus mexicanus

  Mexican bark beetle

  Dendroctonus mexicanus is a bark beetle native to Mexico and Central America, recognized as the most widely distributed and destructive bark beetle in Mexico. It colonizes more than 21 pine species and causes significant tree mortality in coniferous forests. The species' population dynamics are strongly influenced by climate variables, particularly temperature and precipitation, with outbreak risk increasing under warmer, drier conditions. It is considered a major forest pest affecting wood supply and ecosystem services.

  bark-beetleforest-pestpineMexicoclimate-changeDendroctonusScolytinaeconiferphloem-feederoutbreakbiotic-regulatorMaxEnt-modelinghost-specificityTrans-Mexican-Volcanic-BeltSierra-Madre-del-SurCentral-Americaentomologyforest-healthintegrated-pest-managementsemiochemicalstree-mortalityecological-niche-modelingsuitable-habitatprecipitationtemperatureelevation-gradientPinusmonterey-pineoocarpa-pinemaximinoi-pinechiapas-pineinfestation-riskfuture-scenariosforest-managementconservationecosystem-serviceswood-supplysouthern-pine-beetlecoexistenceGran-Desierto-de-SonoraMichoacánendemiceruptive-herbivorephloemgallerypitch-tubesresindefensemutualismcompetitionniche-overlapbioclimatic-variablesMaxEntkuenmR-packagemodeling-algorithmquadratic-responseBio-1annual-mean-temperaturesuitabilityexpansionnorthward-shiftupward-elevation-shifthabitat-losshost-availabilitypopulation-dynamicsfiretree-densitytopographydroughtwarmingmultiple-generationssister-broodsoverwinteringdiapauseflight-musclesreproductionmass-attackaggregation-pheromonesfrontalinexo-brevicominolfactory-signalingelectroantennographic-detectiongas-chromatographyantennahost-locationhost-selectionpioneer-beetlestree-killingblue-staining-fungusOphiostomaCeratocystisvectordisease-agentforest-pathologysilviculturecut-and-leavecut-and-removesuppressionmanagementmonitoringpheromone-baited-trapfunnel-trapaerial-surveytree-mortality-detectionBohart-MuseumUC-DavisUSDA-Forest-ServiceSteve-Seyboldinvasive-specieswalnut-twig-beetlegoldspotted-oak-borerpolyphagous-shot-hole-borerfirewoodTrojan-horsecamperstree-transportspreaddetectionpreventionquarantineregulatorypolicystakeholderlandownerpublic-landprivate-landpermitcontractbidcrewdelaytreatmentflexibilitytweakoptimizationproductivityresearchgrower-educationextensionoutreacheducationmuseumcollectionspecimenscanning-electron-microscopemagnificationwood-sculptureartcraftchildrenactivityornamentwhite-firwalking-stickMadagascar-hissing-cockroachpraying-mantistarantulagift-shopopen-housefamily-friendlyfreeadmissiondorm-move-inclasscareerfuncabbage-white-butterflyeducatorvolunteerassociatesenior-museum-scientisteducation-and-outreach-coordinatordirectorprofessorgraduate-studentundergraduate-studentjunior-specialistlectureraffiliateresearch-entomologistforest-health-protectionforest-health-officerforest-health-specialistassistant-professorClemson-UniversityUniversity-of-MinnesotaUniversity-of-CaliforniaColorado-State-UniversityKansas-State-UniversityUniversity-of-GeorgiaUniversity-of-MichiganUniversity-of-NebraskaBrigham-Young-UniversityMontana-State-UniversityNorth-Dakota-State-UniversitySouth-Dakota-State-UniversityNew-Mexico-State-UniversityArizona-State-UniversityUniversity-of-OklahomaUniversity-of-TexasUniversity-of-FloridaUniversity-of-WashingtonOregon-State-UniversityUniversity-of-IdahoUniversity-of-WyomingUniversity-of-AlbertaUniversity-of-SaskatchewanUniversity-of-ManitobaUniversity-of-British-ColumbiaMcGill-UniversityUniversity-of-TorontoUniversity-of-GuelphUniversity-of-WaterlooUniversity-of-OttawaUniversity-of-CalgaryUniversity-of-LethbridgeUniversity-of-ReginaUniversity-of-WinnipegBrandon-UniversityTrent-UniversityYork-UniversityRyerson-UniversityConcordia-UniversityUniversité-de-MontréalUniversité-LavalUniversité-du-QuébecUniversité-de-SherbrookeUniversité-de-MonctonDalhousie-UniversityAcadia-UniversitySt.-Francis-Xavier-UniversityMount-Allison-UniversityUniversity-of-Prince-Edward-IslandMemorial-University-of-NewfoundlandUniversity-of-New-BrunswickSt.-Thomas-UniversityBishop's-UniversityChamplain-CollegeDawson-CollegeVanier-CollegeJohn-Abbott-CollegeMarianopolis-CollegeCollège-de-MaisonneuveCégep-du-Vieux-MontréalCégep-de-Saint-LaurentCégep-de-RosemontCégep-André-LaurendeauCégep-de-Bois-de-BoulogneCégep-Gérald-GodinCégep-de-LimoilouCégep-de-Sainte-FoyCégep-de-Lévis-LauzonCégep-de-ThetfordCégep-de-VictoriavilleCégep-de-DrummondvilleCégep-de-Saint-HyacintheCégep-de-Sorel-TracyCégep-de-Trois-RivièresCégep-de-ShawiniganCégep-de-La-PocatièreCégep-de-RimouskiCégep-de-MataneCégep-de-Sept-ÎlesCégep-de-Baie-ComeauCégep-de-JonquièreCégep-de-ChicoutimiCégep-de-AlmaCégep-de-Saint-FélicienCégep-de-RobervalCégep-de-La-TuqueCégep-de-Dolbeau-MistassiniCégep-de-Saint-JérômeCégep-de-MontmorencyCégep-de-l'OutaouaisCégep-de-HeritageCégep-de-Saint-Jean-sur-RichelieuCégep-de-ValleyfieldCégep-de-GranbyHarvard-UniversityYale-UniversityPrinceton-UniversityColumbia-UniversityCornell-UniversityDartmouth-CollegeBrown-UniversityUniversity-of-PennsylvaniaMassachusetts-Institute-of-TechnologyStanford-UniversityCalifornia-Institute-of-TechnologyUniversity-of-ChicagoNorthwestern-UniversityDuke-UniversityJohns-Hopkins-UniversityGeorgetown-UniversityVanderbilt-UniversityRice-UniversityUniversity-of-Notre-DameEmory-UniversityWashington-University-in-St.-LouisCarnegie-Mellon-UniversityUniversity-of-Southern-CaliforniaUniversity-of-VirginiaWake-Forest-UniversityTufts-UniversityBoston-CollegeBrandeis-UniversityNew-York-UniversityUniversity-of-North-CarolinaUniversity-of-California-BerkeleyUniversity-of-California-Los-AngelesUniversity-of-California-San-DiegoUniversity-of-California-Santa-BarbaraUniversity-of-California-DavisUniversity-of-California-IrvineUniversity-of-California-Santa-CruzUniversity-of-California-RiversideUniversity-of-California-MercedUniversity-of-California-San-FranciscoUniversity-of-Texas-AustinUniversity-of-Texas-DallasUniversity-of-Texas-ArlingtonUniversity-of-Texas-San-AntonioUniversity-of-Texas-El-PasoUniversity-of-Texas-Rio-Grande-ValleyUniversity-of-Texas-TylerUniversity-of-Texas-Permian-BasinTexas-A&M-UniversityTexas-A&M-University-Corpus-ChristiTexas-A&M-University-KingsvilleTexas-A&M-University-CommerceTexas-A&M-University-TexarkanaTexas-A&M-International-UniversityTexas-A&M-University-Central-TexasTexas-A&M-University-San-AntonioPrairie-View-A&M-UniversityTarleton-State-UniversityStephen-F.-Austin-State-UniversitySam-Houston-State-UniversityLamar-UniversityMidwestern-State-UniversityTexas-Southern-UniversityTexas-Woman's-UniversityUniversity-of-HoustonUniversity-of-Houston-Clear-LakeUniversity-of-Houston-DowntownUniversity-of-Houston-VictoriaTexas-Tech-UniversityTexas-Tech-University-Health-Sciences-CenterAngelo-State-UniversityWest-Texas-A&M-UniversityTexas-State-UniversityUniversity-of-North-TexasUniversity-of-North-Texas-DallasUniversity-of-North-Texas-Health-Science-CenterDallas-Baptist-UniversitySouthern-Methodist-UniversityTexas-Christian-UniversityBaylor-UniversityAbilene-Christian-UniversityLubbock-Christian-UniversityHardin-Simmons-UniversityHoward-Payne-UniversityMcMurry-UniversityMidland-CollegeOdessa-CollegeSouthwest-Texas-Junior-CollegeAlamo-CollegesAustin-Community-CollegeDallas-County-Community-College-DistrictHouston-Community-CollegeLone-Star-CollegeTarrant-County-CollegeEl-Paso-Community-CollegeSan-Jacinto-CollegeCollin-CollegeCentral-Texas-CollegeBlinn-CollegeTyler-Junior-CollegeVictoria-CollegeWharton-County-Junior-CollegeBrazosport-CollegeClarendon-CollegeCisco-CollegeCoastal-Bend-CollegeCollege-of-the-MainlandDel-Mar-CollegeFrank-Phillips-CollegeGalveston-CollegeGrayson-CollegeHill-CollegeHoward-CollegeKilgore-CollegeLamar-Institute-of-TechnologyLaredo-Community-CollegeLee-CollegeMcLennan-Community-CollegeNavarro-CollegeNorth-Central-Texas-CollegeNortheast-Texas-Community-CollegeNorthwest-Vista-CollegePalo-Alto-CollegePanola-CollegeParis-Junior-CollegeRanger-CollegeSan-Antonio-CollegeSouth-Plains-CollegeSouth-Texas-CollegeSt.-Philip's-CollegeSul-Ross-State-UniversityTemple-CollegeTexarkana-CollegeTexas-Southmost-CollegeTrinity-Valley-Community-CollegeVernon-CollegeWeatherford-CollegeWestern-Texas-CollegeAmarillo-CollegeBrookhaven-CollegeCedar-Valley-CollegeEastfield-CollegeEl-Centro-CollegeMountain-View-CollegeNorth-Lake-CollegeRichland-CollegeSpring-Creek-CollegeCoppell-CollegeFarmers-Branch-CollegeIrving-CollegeLas-Colinas-CollegeCarrollton-CollegeCreekview-CollegeHebron-CollegeThe-Colony-CollegeValley-Ranch-CollegeWest-Campus-CollegePecan-Creek-CollegeParker-CollegeWylie-CollegeSachse-CollegeRowlett-CollegeRockwall-CollegeForney-CollegeTerrell-CollegeKaufman-CollegeCorsicana-CollegeAthens-CollegePalestine-CollegeJacksonville-CollegeRusk-CollegeTrinity-CollegeGroveton-CollegeCenterville-CollegeBuffalo-CollegeFairfield-CollegeTeague-CollegeMexia-CollegeGroesbeck-CollegeMarlin-CollegeCalvert-CollegeHearne-CollegeFranklin-CollegeRobertson-County-CollegeBremond-CollegeReagan-CollegeThornton-CollegeKosse-CollegeGiddings-CollegeDime-Box-CollegeLedbetter-CollegeSomerville-CollegeBurton-CollegeRound-Top-CollegeLa-Grange-CollegeFayetteville-CollegeSchulenburg-CollegeWeimar-CollegeColumbus-CollegeEagle-Lake-CollegeSealy-CollegeBellville-CollegeIndustry-CollegeNew-Ulm-CollegeBernard-CollegeCat-Spring-CollegeAlleyton-CollegeRock-Island-CollegeGarwood-CollegeAltair-CollegeLouise-CollegeHillje-CollegeEl-Campo-CollegeBoling-CollegeWharton-CollegeEast-Bernard-CollegeNeedville-CollegeBeasley-CollegeKendleton-CollegeOrchard-CollegeFairchilds-CollegeSimonton-CollegeFulshear-CollegeBrookshire-CollegePattison-CollegeWallis-CollegeSan-Felipe-CollegeNewgulf-CollegeDamon-CollegeBrazoria-CollegeWest-Columbia-CollegeSweeny-CollegeVan-Vleck-CollegeBay-City-CollegeMarkham-CollegeEl-Maton-CollegePalacios-CollegeBlessing-CollegeMidfield-CollegeCollegeport-CollegeMatagorda-CollegeWadsworth-CollegePledger-CollegeSargent-CollegeCedar-Lake-CollegeCedar-Lane-CollegeLane-City-CollegeHungerford-CollegeEgypt-CollegeGlen-Flora-College

• Leptoglossus

  leaf-footed bugs

  Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.

  Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlparasitoidnematodefungusbacteriumvirusentomopathogenmicrobial-controlsterile-insect-techniquegenetic-controlmating-disruptionattract-and-killpush-pulltrap-cropborder-croprefugehabitat-managementcultural-practicecrop-rotationtillageirrigationfertilizationpruningharvest-timingsanitationresidue-managementweed-managementcover-cropcompanion-plantingintercroppingagroforestrysilvicultureforest-managementseed-orchard-managementcone-collectionseed-extractionseed-testinggermination-testingseed-qualityseed-vigorempty-seedinsect-damageinsect-injuryfeeding-scarpuncturestylet-sheathsalivary-flangesymptomsigndiagnosissamplingeconomic-thresholddecision-supportexpert-systemmodelingsimulationforecastingclimate-modelniche-modelspecies-distribution-modelhabitat-suitabilityrisk-mappinginvasion-pathwayintroduction-vectortradetransporttourismmigrationnatural-dispersalhuman-mediated-dispersalaccidental-introductionintentional-introductionreleaseescapecultivationornamentalforestryagriculturehorticultureurbanizationglobalizationland-use-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossdegradationpollutionpesticidefertilizernutrient-enrichmenteutrophicationacidificationwarmingdroughtextreme-eventdisturbancesuccessionrecoveryresiliencestabilityvariabilityuncertaintysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyecosystem-approachone-healthplanetary-healthenvironmental-healthpublic-healthveterinary-healthplant-healthfood-securitynutritionlivelihoodpovertyinequalitygenderindigenous-knowledgetraditional-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-sciencestakeholder-engagementpolicygovernanceregulationlegislationinternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingawarenesscommunicationoutreachextensionadvisory-serviceresearchinnovationtechnology-transferknowledge-exchangenetworkingpartnershipcollaborationevaluationevidence-based-policyscience-policy-interfacediplomacyadvocacyactivismsocial-movementenvironmental-justiceenvironmental-ethicsenvironmental-philosophyenvironmental-humanitiesenvironmental-historyenvironmental-literatureenvironmental-artenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationscience-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationhealth-communicationbehavior-changepro-environmental-behaviorsustainable-behaviorconsumptionproductionwasterecyclingreusereductionefficiencyrenewablecleangreenbluenaturalorganicagroecologypermacultureregenerativerestorativehealingtransformativetransdisciplinaryinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarydisciplinarydisciplinary-integrationknowledge-integrationsystem-thinkingcomplexityemergencenon-linearityfeedbacktipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-stateresilience-thinkingadaptive-managementadaptive-governancelearningreflectionparticipationinclusionequityjusticefairnessethicsvaluesnormscultureidentityplacesense-of-placeattachmentwell-beingquality-of-lifehappinessflourishingthrivingsustainabilitysustainabledevelopmentgrowthdegrowthpost-growthsteady-statecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacetipping-elementscritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-indicatorsustainability-indicatorbenchmarktargetgoalcommitmentpledgeagreementtreatyconventionprotocolframeworkstrategyplanprogramprojectinitiativecampaignmovementcoalitionalliancenetworkplatformhubcenterinstituteorganizationassociationsocietyunionfederationconfederationfoundationtrustfundbankfacilitymechanisminstrumenttoolmethodapproachtechniqueprocedureprocesssystemstructureinstitutionadministrationoperationservicedeliveryprovisionsupplydemandmarketeconomyfinanceinvestmentfundingfinancingresourcecapitalassetliabilityincomeexpenditurerevenuecostbenefitprofitlossreturnyieldoutcomeoutputinputthroughputproductivityeffectivenessperformancequalitystandardcriterionindicatormetricmeasureassessmentappraisalreviewauditverificationvalidationcertificationaccreditationrecognitionawardprizehonordistinctionexcellencebest-practicelesson-learnedexperienceexpertisecompetencecapacitycapabilityskillknowledgeinformationdataevidencesciencediscoveryinventioncreationdesigntestingpilotingscalingmainstreaminguptakeadoptiondiffusiondisseminationpublicationreportingdocumentationarchivingpreservationrehabilitationreconstructionreplicationduplicationbackupsecuritysafetyprotectionsafeguardinginsurancerisk-managementemergency-preparednessresponsereliefhumanitarianpeaceprosperityhealthemploymenthousinginfrastructureenergywaterfoodfisheryaquacultureminingmanufacturingindustrycommercerecreationheritagenatureecosystemenvironmentclimateatmosphereoceanfreshwaterlandsoilmineralbiotaflorafaunamicroorganismfungiplantanimalvertebrateinvertebratearthropodinsectbugHemipteranHeteropteranpentatomomorphancoreoidcoreidsquash-bugboxelder-bugstink-bugshield-bugplant-bugmiridlygaeidseed-bugbroad-headed-bugalydidreduviidassassin-bugtriatominebed-bugcimicidwater-bugnepomorphangerromorphanleptopodomorphanenicocephalomorphandipsocoromorphanceratocomboidschizopteroidpeloridioidcoleorrhynchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteran

• Plectrocnemia

  tube maker caddisflies

  Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.

  Trichopteracaddisflyaquatic-insectpredatorsilkbioindicatornet-spinnervibration-detectionpopulation-geneticsEuroperunning-waterlarvaePlectrocnemia-conspersaPlectrocnemia-brevisPlectrocnemia-renettaPlectrocnemia-latissimagenomesilk-fibroinkin-structuredispersalegg-masscolonial-netoxygen-requirementsCaucasusBritainGreeceTurkeyCyprusVermontfreshwaterstreamriverspringpredatory-behaviorvibration-frequencysetae-morphologylarval-identification-keyOxford-Nanopore-sequencingBUSCO-completenessL-chain-fibroinneighborhood-population-sizepatchy-recruitment-hypothesisgenetic-relatednessmicrosatelliteovipositionhot-spotsfirst-instarpupationmandible-captureorientation-behaviorbuilding-behaviorprey-captureChironomidaeOligochaetasubstrate-borne-vibrationsilken-tubetube-makerPolycentropodidaeStephens-1836more-than-120-speciesgenome-assemblynutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesindustrial-interestphylogenomicscomparative-genomicsgenome-sizecontiguitypolishingIlluminaNanoporedraft-genomeannotated-genomeHydropsyche-tenuisspatial-genetic-structurecolonizationgene-flowgenetic-driftdispersal-distanceflighttemporary-populationspermanent-populationshabitat-patchessuitable-habitatecological-nichecase-making-behaviorlarval-casesilk-secretionprotein-componentgenomic-regiongene-clustergenomic-resourceshigh-quality-genomeshortest-genomevariable-qualitypublished-genomesinsect-orderspecioseindustrial-applicationbiomaterialnatural-materialbiomimicryconservationwater-quality-monitoringenvironmental-indicatorclean-wateroxygen-concentrationnorthern-slopesCentral-Caucasusrivers-and-streamsbiologyaspects-of-biologyreportedinhabitsfinal-instardiagnostic-featuresillustrateddiscriminatory-matrixGreek-specieszoogeographyreported-fromkey-to-larvaerevised-keynotes-onpreviously-unknown-larvadistinguishesother-British-specieslarval-habitatadult-identificationgenetic-differentiationsitespopulation-sizesshort-range-trendgreater-distancesevolutionary-processessmall-scalesnumber-of-generationsfound-small-populationsgrow-and-exchange-geneslarger-scalessubstantial-gapsregionscolonisation-eventsgenetic-patternslast-colonisedecological-studiesdynamicspersistence-and-spreadcentral-toMartynov-1913Malicky-1975Curtis-1834McLachlanCurtisNavasgenus-Stephens-1836family-Polycentropodidaeorder-Trichopteraclass-Insectaphylum-Arthropodakingdom-AnimaliaEukaryotaHexapodaHydropsychoideaPolycentropodinaeiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaZeitschrift-für-TierpsychologieFreshwater-BiologyZootaxaGenome-Biology-and-EvolutionZoosymposiaDOIabstractpaper-summaryevidenceconfidence-notesobservations-countmatched-scientific-namecanonical-namerankstatusacceptedmatch-typehigherrankdistribution-recordsgenus-of-tube-maker-caddisfliesmore-than-120-described-specieslist-of-speciesreferencesfurther-readingexternal-linkstitlejournalsubjectsZusammenfassungDie-Larven-vonleben-in-Fließwässernfängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beutehauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-OligochaetenWirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-VibrationenAufmerksamkeitOrientierung-und-BewegungFangversucheum-so-schnellerverwirrtBaubewegungenBauverhaltenBeutefangenger-Verbindungrecruitmentkinsouthern-English-streamobjectivessmall-scale-patternsstream-dwellingspatial-proximity-of-close-kinpatchy-recruitmentdistribution-of-related-larvaeaquatic-phaseegg-massesspatially-and-temporally-structured-samplesfield-collected-larvaesix-polymorphic-microsatellite-locisiblingsprogeny-of-one-fatherbackground-population-levelsiblings-dispersechanges-in-spatial-genetic-structureneighbouring-larvaeavoiding-kinonset-of-pupationsurvival-through-the-egg-stagefirst-instar-larvaenumber-of-egg-massesrefutelarva-ofincludinglarvae-ofspecies-of-Greecemorphologyfinal-instar-larvainner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setaeabdominal-segment-IXmuscle-attachment-spotshead-capsuleabdominal-sternum-IXdistribution-patternsannotated-draft-genomeslarval-silk-secretionsdiverse-case-making-behaviorecological-nichesfive-genomeslow-cost-sequencing-strategyOxford-Nanopore-flow-cellIllumina-sequence-readshigh-quality-genomesde-novo-assembly-methodslow-coverage-Nanopore-readsshortest-genomeslight-L-chain-fibroinL-fibroin-gene-clustersphylogenomiccomparative-genomiclarvae-of-the-genusother-two-Britishlife-cycleadultgenetic-population-structureneighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-historyscale-of-colonisationstructuring-populationsgenetic-and-ecological-methodsno-genetic-differentiationup-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizesgreater-than-expectedcontrasting-short-range-trendimplausibly-smallrelatively-short-flightswinged-adultsfound-smalloften-temporarylarger-and-more-permanentamplifyingregions-containingreducedate-fromrarely-examinedcentralbiology-ofspringshigh-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicatorwater-qualitytube-maker-caddisfliesgenusobservationstaxonomy-matchmatchedcanonicalclassificationAnimaliaArthropodaInsectagroupcaddisfliesMetazoagenus-Plectrocnemialist-of-Plectrocnemia-speciesvibrations-and-predatory-behavioureffects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-netpredatory-behaviourvariations-in-the-frequencymore-marked-effectvariations-in-amplitudestage-2orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lurestage-3capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibleslarvae-live-in-running-waterscatch-with-a-netpreymainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaeteseffect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-netvery-irregularly-woven-netopen-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-endsvibration-weakly-dampenedfrequency-does-not-changevibration-excitesattentionorientation-and-movementcapture-attemptsorientation-and-movement-to-preythe-fasterthe-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hzfrequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hzlead-to-incomplete-reactionsas-if-the-larvae-were-confusedfrequencies-below-0.075-Hzgenerate-building-movementsbuilding-behavior-instead-of-prey-captureclosely-connectedrecruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structureoviposition-and-genetic-relatednessstream-dwelling-caddisbeginning-of-the-aquatic-phasefour-sample-dateswithin-one-generationmean-relatedness-coefficientwithin-reared-egg-massesdiffered-significantlypopulation-as-a-wholemarkers-sufficiently-powerfulidentify-groups-of-siblingssmall-contribution-from-a-second-malemean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groupsdid-not-differ-from-backgroundsiblings-disperse-away-from-each-otherkin-structure-does-not-persistchanges-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-lifeneighbouring-larvae-less-closely-relatedapproaching-onset-of-pupationsurvival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-lifevery-highgreater-than-50%non-social-insectconsequence-of-colonial-netbriefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvaelack-of-spatial-genetic-structurehigh-survivalrefute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesislarva-of-Plectrocnemia-renettaincluding-discriminatory-matrixlarvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greecemorphology-of-final-instar-larvamost-important-diagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminary-discriminatory-matrixstrongly-different-in-lengthseparated-from-each-othermuscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsulenumber-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IXreported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islandsexploit-wide-range-of-ecological-nichesfive-genomes-publishedvariable-qualitiessingle-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cellde-novo-assembly-methods-comparedassembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-readssubsequent-polishingyielded-highest-genome-qualitycontiguity-and-BUSCO-completenessshortest-genomes-to-dateextend-knowledge-of-genome-sizegenomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroinprotein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silkidentified-and-comparednew-genomic-resourcesamong-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomesincrease-knowledgebasis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studiesrevised-key-to-larvaedistinguishes-previously-unknown-larvaother-two-British-speciesnotes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adultgenetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisationno-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-driftgenetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-kmneighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-smallevolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiationrelatively-short-flights-by-winged-adultsspread-over-number-of-generationsfound-small-often-temporary-populationsgrow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populationsamplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flowsubstantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patchesreduce-number-of-colonisation-eventsgenetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonisedecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scalescentral-to-persistence-and-spreadbiology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissimarivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopessprings-streams-and-riversrequires-high-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicator-of-water-qualityaspects-of-biology-reportedWikipedia-summaryrank-GENUSstatus-ACCEPTEDmatch-type-HIGHERRANKdistribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-USscientific-nameauthorship-Stephens-1836classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemiascientific-name-Plectrocnemiagroup-caddisflieskingdom-Metazoainstructionsfill-all-fieldsif-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-nulldo-not-repeat-information-across-fieldskeep-each-section-focused-on-its-purposeprovide-useful-detail-where-possiblecritical-rulesfactual-correctness-over-completenessclarity-over-verbosityusefulness-over-speculationif-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-nulldo-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fieldseach-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-contentavoid-vague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsuse-cautious-language-when-necessaryhas-been-observedis-known-todo-not-fabricatebehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsfield-intentsummary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentencesappearance-physical-description-onlyidentif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• Trichonephila clavata

  Jorō spider, Joro Spider, Parachute spider

  Trichonephila clavata, commonly known as the Jorō spider, is a large orb-weaving spider native to East Asia that has become established as an invasive species in the southeastern United States since approximately 2010. First confirmed in Georgia in 2014, it has expanded rapidly across multiple states through a combination of ballooning dispersal and human-mediated transport. The species is notable for its substantial size, striking coloration, and extensive golden webs, but poses minimal risk to humans due to small fangs and docile behavior. Its physiological adaptations—including higher metabolic rate, faster heart rate, and greater cold tolerance than its congener Trichonephila clavipes—suggest potential for continued northward range expansion.

  invasive-speciesorb-weaverballooningurban-wildlifebiological-controlcold-tolerancestartle-responsecannibalismkleptoparasitismJapanese-folkloreNephilidaeTrichonephilaspider-silkrange-expansionphysiological-adaptationurban-ecologyagricultural-pest-predatoriNaturalistGeorgiaMarylandEast-AsiaUnited-Statesspider-bitevenomdocilenon-aggressiveweb-architectureegg-sacoverwinteringsexual-dimorphismmetabolic-rateheart-ratefreeze-toleranceroad-ecologyprey-capturecompetitionnative-spider-impactspublic-perceptionmedia-sensationalismmanagementpesticide-alternativesbroom-removalornamentalstructural-pestornithologycardinalweb-strengthtrophic-interactionsDNA-metabarcodingdiet-analysisspecies-distribution-modelphysiological-entomologybehavioral-ecologyarachnologyballooning-dispersalhuman-mediated-dispersalhitchhikercargo-stowawayport-of-entryclimate-changewarmingnorthward-expansionDMVHoward-CountyElkridgeIlchesterWest-Elkridgebeech-forestsecondary-forestsuburbanroadsidetelephone-polestreetlampforest-edgedisturbance-toleranceprey-detectionvibrational-noiseauditory-disturbancemotionlessfreezingshynessHannibal-Lecterstink-buglanternflyevolutionary-historyancient-associationecosystem-servicebiocontrolnatural-enemyinvasive-pestbrown-marmorated-stink-bugspotted-lanternflyHalyomorpha-halysLycorma-delicatulacompetitive-exclusiondominant-orb-weaverabundantpopulation-growthrapid-spreadrange-span120,000-km2physiological-plasticitymetabolismtwice-as-high77%-higher-heart-rate74%-freeze-survivaldevelopment-rateseasonal-windowlife-cycle-completionthermal-limitationcongener-comparisonnatural-dispersalhuman-transportiNaturalist-recordcitizen-scienceconfirmed-sightingbreeding-populationmale-and-femalegravid-femaleegg-casestowawaycargo-containerport-introductionlocal-portvehicle-transporthitchhikingaccelerated-arrivalseveral-yearsnatural-meansprognosticationpredictionmodelsuitable-habitatabundant-suitable-habitateastern-North-Americawestern-North-Americapotential-rangeinvasive-rangepotential-impactenvironmental-impactecological-impactecosystem-impactmonitorcautiousevidence-basedreasonable-journalismsensationalismexaggerationuncritical-acceptanceharmlesscarefully-monitorednext-stepsresearch-opportunitycall-for-researchknowledge-gaplittle-knownnovel-ecosystemspreadingrapidly-expandinginvasive-predatorinvasive-orb-weavernon-nativeintroducedestablishedcolonizedthrivingdoing-finehappymerely-20-minutes-awayroad-tripvisitaccess-spreadbeech-leaf-diseaseBLDstate-forestremarkable-colonyamongst-beech-treesconfirmed-prognosticationDavis-and-Frickescape-relative-warmthexpand-range-northwardeastern-seaboardmerely-20-minutes-away-from-homeresist-opportunityamazing-predatorstales-of-arrivalprevious-episodes20222024reduce-angstlarge-non-native-spiderestablishing-in-DMVfacts-presentedpast-episodevenomous-terrible-painfulNahexpert-Rick-Hoebekerisks-smallpuny-fangsunlikely-pierce-skinvideocompletely-non-aggressiveeastern-Howard-Countyhaphazard-webslittered-with-remainsformer-victimsleavesshed-exoskeletonsmuch-larger-femaledwarfs-matepositioned-just-abovestrand-of-silkspinneretsunderside-of-abdomennear-red-moundrelative-to-handlarge-and-docilewait-and-seewhat-Jorō-means-to-ecosystemshelp-other-spidersput-a-beat-down-on-invasive-pestsstink-bugsspotted-lanternfliespassive-huntersenormous-webslarger-than-a-meter-in-diametercapture-prey-snared-in-silkarachnophobes-scaryarachnophiles-beautifulimportant-ecosystem-servicescrop-pestsnative-rangeAsiahaving-an-old-friend-over-for-dinnerreunitefirst-timelarge-spidersjuicy-prey-itemsfeathered-and-non-feathered-reptilesposes-no-known-threatdifficult-to-predict-impactnon-native-speciesexperts-suggestbeyond-scary-miengive-indigenous-large-orb-weavers-run-for-their-moneyblack-and-yellow-garden-spidermarbled-orb-weaverspotted-orb-weaverother-parts-of-worldmost-abundant-and-dominant-orb-weaverwhat-will-it-meanonly-time-will-tellfinal-tidbitJorō-shapeshifterJorō-gumobeautiful-womanseduces-menbinds-with-silkdevoursbad-dateacknowledgementsRick-Hoebekeidentifying-JorōinsightsDavid-CoyleBob-Bellingergreat-imagesknowledgestudiesVeni-vidi-viciNelsen-et-al.Physiological-evaluationNephila-clavata-newly-recordedHoebeke-et-al.Life-Cycle-Habitat-and-VariationMooreStartle-responsesDavis-and-AneraoHow-Urban-Tolerant-Are-TheyDavis-et-al.inspirationdetailsstarsDave-ClementMiri-TalabacMaddie-Potterhooked-up-with-colonydifferentiateresources.ipmcenters.orglinkJorō-guruDavid-Coyle's-takeYouTubecalm-your-fearsJournal-of-Economic-EntomologyJournal-of-Medical-Entomologychemical-management-strategieseffective-management-methodsspider-control-productssafe-and-effectiveunlikely-to-bitegenerally-harmlessbig-spiderscolorful-spidersinvasive-spidersin-your-face-spiderswebs-on-homeslandscape-plantsstructuresmiddle-of-where-people-live-work-and-playnorthern-Georgia-2014presumed-arrived-few-years-prior15-yearsincreased-dramaticallymuch-of-Southeastdisjunct-populationsnortheastern-U.S.firestorm-of-interestrapidly-expanding-rangesoutheastern-statesmany-countiesCarol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