Scolytinae
Guides
Alniphagus
Alniphagus is a genus of crenulate bark beetles in the family Curculionidae, comprising approximately eight described species. The genus is notable for containing hardwood-killing bark beetles, particularly Alniphagus aspericollis (the alder bark beetle), which is capable of killing live alder trees—a rarity among bark beetles, as most tree-killing species in this group specialize on conifers. Species in this genus breed in the subcortical tissues of alder trees (genus Alnus) and have been documented from western North America, Africa, and Eurasia.
Ambrosiodmus
Ambrosiodmus is a genus of ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae) in the family Curculionidae, comprising at least 100 described species. These beetles are distinguished by their obligate mutualism with the white-rot decay fungus Flavodon subulatus (formerly Flavodon ambrosius), a unique symbiosis among ambrosia beetles. Unlike most ambrosia fungi that merely extract nutrients from recently dead wood, Flavodon is a true wood degrader capable of decomposing cellulose and lignin. This superior fungal mutualist enables Ambrosiodmus species to establish large, semi-social colonies with thousands of individuals and to colonize and decay wood over multiple generations. Several species, including A. minor and A. rubricollis, have become invasive outside their native ranges.
Ambrosiodmus hagedorni
Ambrosiodmus hagedorni is an ambrosia beetle in the weevil family Curculionidae, described by Wood & Bright in 1992. Like other members of its genus, it farms the white-rot decay fungus Flavodon ambrosius, a unique symbiont capable of true wood decomposition. This mutualism enables the beetle to colonize and persist in decaying wood over multiple generations, supporting larger colony sizes than typical ambrosia beetles. The species is known from Brazil and represents part of a distinctive beetle-fungus symbiosis that differs fundamentally from other ambrosia systems.
Ambrosiodmus minor
Punky Wood Ambrosia Beetle
Ambrosiodmus minor is an invasive ambrosia beetle in the southeastern United States, including Florida. It cultivates a unique ambrosia fungus, Flavodon subulatus, which causes rapid wood rot in dead trees. The beetle is considered of low economic importance as evident major impacts have not been observed, though wood decay from this association is increasing across its introduced range. Native to Asia, it has established populations in North America and has been recorded from mainland China with documented host associations on multiple tree genera.
Ambrosiodmus obliquus
Ambrosiodmus obliquus is a species of ambrosia beetle in the weevil family Curculionidae, first described by Blackman in 1928. Like other members of the genus Ambrosiodmus, this beetle engages in a specialized symbiotic relationship with wood-decaying fungi, specifically species in the genus Flavodon. The beetle farms these fungi in galleries excavated within wood, where the fungus serves as the primary food source for both adults and larvae. This species has been documented across multiple continents including North America, the Caribbean, Middle America, Africa, and South America.
Ambrosiodmus rubricollis
Ambrosiodmus rubricollis is an ambrosia beetle native to eastern and southern Asia that has been introduced to Europe and North America. As a member of the genus Ambrosiodmus, it maintains a mutualistic symbiosis with the white-rot fungus Flavodon ambrosius, which is capable of true wood decomposition—an unusual trait among ambrosia beetles. The species has been documented attacking young Tasmanian blue gum trees (Eucalyptus globulus) in Portugal and has been detected in Slovenia and Italy. Its introduction to non-native regions raises concern given the potential of Ambrosiodmus species to vector pathogenic fungi.
Ambrosiophilus atratus
Black Bark Weevil
Ambrosiophilus atratus is a non-native ambrosia beetle in the weevil family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. First recorded in Europe in Slovenia in 2017 during monitoring surveys for invasive ambrosia beetles. The species is distinguished by pronounced asperities covering the entire pronotum surface. Native to North America and Southern Asia, it has established populations in Europe through human-mediated introduction.
Anisandrus
Anisandrus is a genus of ambrosia beetles in the subfamily Scolytinae, tribe Xyleborini, comprising approximately 40-41 species distributed primarily across Asia, with some species introduced to Europe and North America. The genus is characterized by a mycangial tuft at the pronotal base used for transporting symbiotic fungi. Several species, including A. maiche and A. dispar, are recognized as economically significant pests of fruit orchards, ornamental trees, and forest ecosystems.
Anisandrus dispar
European Shothole Borer
Anisandrus dispar is an ambrosia beetle in the family Curculionidae, commonly known as the European Shothole Borer. It is an economically significant pest in fruit orchards, particularly apple cultivation. The species exhibits a distinct seasonal flight pattern, with females conducting most flight activity from February through May. It maintains an obligate symbiotic relationship with the fungus Ambrosiella hartigii, which it cultivates in gallery systems within host wood.
Anisandrus obesus
Anisandrus obesus is an ambrosia beetle native to eastern North America that specializes in boring into the sapwood of Big Tooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata). Females construct characteristic gallery systems consisting of a single entrance tunnel approximately 7 mm deep followed by two lateral tunnels parallel to the wood surface. The species maintains an obligate symbiosis with ambrosia fungi, which larvae consume without expanding parental galleries. Progeny exhibit strongly female-biased sex ratios (approximately 6:1), with only females emerging in spring to disperse and attack new hosts.
Cactopinus desertus
Cactopinus desertus is a bark beetle species in the weevil family Curculionidae, described by Bright in 1967 from California specimens. As a member of the Scolytinae subfamily, it is part of a genus containing seven species associated with cacti. The species is known from limited collections and remains poorly studied biologically.
Carphobius
Carphobius is a genus of bark beetles in the family Curculionidae, established by M.W. Blackman in 1943. The genus comprises at least three described species of crenulate bark beetles. These beetles are associated with woody plants and belong to the diverse weevil superfamily Curculionoidea.
Carphoborus bicornis
Carphoborus bicornis is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae, described by Wood in 1986. The genus Carphoborus comprises bark beetles associated with coniferous trees. This species is recorded from North America. Very little published information exists regarding its specific biology or ecology.
bark-beetleweevilconifer-associatedNorth-AmericascolytinaeCurculionidaeColeopterainsectbeetleforest-pestwood-boring-beetleScolytiniCarphoborusbicornisWood-19861986provisionally-acceptedacceptedexact-matchAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaCarphoborus-bicornistaxonomyclassificationconiferforestwood-boringpesteukaryotahexapodapolyphagacucujiformiacurculionoideaCarphoborus blaisdelli
Carphoborus blaisdelli is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It was described by J.M. Swaine in 1924. The species is known from North America. As a member of the genus Carphoborus, it belongs to a group of small bark beetles associated with coniferous trees.
Carphoborus declivis
Carphoborus declivis is a species of bark beetle in the weevil family Curculionidae, described by Wood in 1954. It belongs to the subfamily Scolytinae, commonly known as bark or ambrosia beetles. The species is known from North America.
Carphoborus frontalis
Carphoborus frontalis is a species of crenulate bark beetle described by Wood in 1954. It belongs to the family Curculionidae, the largest family of beetles. The species is distributed in North America. As a bark beetle in the subfamily Scolytinae, it likely shares the general biology of related species in boring into wood and feeding on phloem, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Carphoborus simplex
crenulate bark beetle
Carphoborus simplex is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae, first described by LeConte in 1876. The species is found in North America and Middle America. As a bark beetle, it is part of a group known for their association with woody plants, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available literature.
Chaetophloeus
Chaetophloeus is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae, established by LeConte in 1876. The genus currently contains at least 17 species in Mexico, with three new species described from Central Mexico in 2022: C. psittacanthi, C. woodi, and C. zapotecanus. Members exhibit sexual dimorphism in the fifth abdominal ventrite, a newly recognized diagnostic character.
Chaetophloeus heterodoxus
Chaetophloeus heterodoxus is a species of bark beetle in the subfamily Scolytinae. It was first described by Casey and later formally named by Wood & Bright in 1992. The species was recently documented in Mexico for the first time, extending its known range beyond previously recorded North American localities.
Cnesinus
Cnesinus is a genus of bark beetles in the subfamily Scolytinae, family Curculionidae. Species occur across the Americas from North America through Central America to South America. The genus was established by J.L. LeConte in 1868. As a member of Scolytinae, species in this genus are associated with woody plants and are likely to be found in forested habitats.
Coccotrypes
Coccotrypes is a genus of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) comprising approximately 130 described species. The genus is notable for its specialized seed-boring habits, with several species developing entirely within seeds or propagules of host plants. Coccotrypes dactyliperda (date stone beetle) and C. rhizophorae are economically significant pests of date palms and mangroves respectively, having achieved cosmopolitan distributions through human-mediated dispersal of host plant material.
Conophthorus
cone beetles
Conophthorus is a genus of bark beetles in the family Curculionidae comprising approximately 10 described species. Species are specialized on Pinus hosts, with most attacking pine cones and seeds, though some infest shoot tips. The genus includes economically significant pests of pine seed orchards and natural forests, causing cone abortion and reducing seed production. Life histories vary among species: some are univoltine while others are bivoltine, with corresponding differences in seasonal development and host utilization patterns.
Coptoborus
Coptoborus is a genus of ambrosia beetles in the weevil family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae, tribe Xyleborini. These tiny beetles bore into trees and cultivate fungus as food, a behavior characteristic of ambrosia beetles. The genus contains more than 70 described species, with many new species discovered in Central and South America in recent years. Some species are economically significant pests, particularly of balsa trees in Ecuador.
Coptoborus pseudotenuis
Coptoborus pseudotenuis is a species of ambrosia beetle in the weevil family Curculionidae, described by Wood & Bright in 1992. As a member of the genus Coptoborus, it is a fungus-farming beetle that bores into wood and cultivates symbiotic fungi for food. The species is part of a diverse group of beetles that play significant roles in forest ecosystems, though some related species can become economic pests. It was described prior to the 2021 revision of the genus by Smith and Cognato that named numerous new species after science fiction heroines.
Corthylina
Corthylina is a subtribe of small bark beetles within the tribe Corthylini (subfamily Scolytinae). Members are characterized by compact bodies and are primarily associated with woody plants. The subtribe includes economically significant species that tunnel in the phloem of trees and shrubs. Many species exhibit host-specific relationships with particular tree genera.
Corthylini
Corthylini is a tribe of weevils within the family Curculionidae. Members are small beetles associated with coniferous trees, where they develop in bark and wood tissues. The tribe includes several economically significant species that damage timber and ornamental conifers. Adults are characterized by a compact body form and clubbed antennae typical of the family.
Corthylus
ambrosia beetles, timber beetles
Corthylus is a genus of ambrosia beetles in the family Curculionidae containing more than 190 described species. Species in this genus are characterized by their symbiotic relationships with fungi, which they cultivate in galleries bored into wood. Several species are significant forest pests, attacking hardwood trees and causing structural damage through gallery construction and associated fungal infections that lead to wood rot and tree mortality. The genus includes economically important species such as the Columbian timber beetle (C. columbianus) and C. zulmae, which impact timber production and reforestation efforts.
Cryphalus mangiferae
mango bark beetle
A tiny tropical bark beetle in the weevil family Curculionidae (subfamily Scolytinae) that attacks mango trees (Mangifera indica). Native to southern Asia, it has spread to tropical regions worldwide and is recognized as a vector of plant-pathogenic fungi causing mango wilt disease. In Pakistan and other regions, it poses a serious threat to mango cultivation.
Cryphalus pubescens
Cryphalus pubescens is a small bark beetle in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. It is one of approximately 200 species in the genus Cryphalus, a group of ambrosia and bark beetles distributed worldwide. The species was described by Hopkins in 1915 and is known from North America, with records from British Columbia and the United States. Like other cryphaline beetles, it is associated with woody plants, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.
Crypturgini
Crypturgini is a small tribe of bark beetles within the subfamily Scolytinae. These beetles are associated with coniferous trees and are characterized by their minute size and cryptic lifestyle beneath bark. The tribe contains relatively few described species. Members are primarily distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.
Crypturgus alutaceus
Crypturgus alutaceus is a bark beetle species in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae, described by E.A. Schwarz in 1894. It is recorded from North America and the Caribbean. As a member of the tribe Crypturgini, it is a small, cryptic bark beetle associated with coniferous wood.
Dactylotrypes
Dactylotrypes is a genus of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) established by Eggers in 1927. The genus includes Dactylotrypes longicollis, an exotic species first documented in California and North America in 2012. These beetles are part of the weevil family and are associated with woody plant substrates.
Dactylotrypes longicollis
Dactylotrypes longicollis is a bark beetle in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. It is an exotic species native to the Canary Islands that was first documented in California and North America in 2012. The species has been recorded in Africa, Europe, and North America, with established populations in California. As a scolytine beetle, it is associated with woody plants and bark habitats.
Dendroctonus
bark beetles, tree-killing beetles
Dendroctonus is a genus of bark beetles in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. The genus name derives from Greek 'dendron' (tree) and 'ktonos' (murder), reflecting its capacity to kill trees. Species in this genus are among the most destructive forest pests in North America, with several species capable of causing extensive tree mortality through mass attacks. The genus exhibits complex chemical communication systems involving aggregation and antiaggregation pheromones, and maintains symbiotic relationships with yeasts and bacteria that aid in digestion and pheromone production.
Dendroctonus adjunctus
roundheaded pine beetle
Dendroctonus adjunctus, commonly known as the roundheaded pine beetle, is a bark beetle native to North America that infests and kills pine trees. Adults are 5–6 mm long with shiny, dark brown to black exoskeletons covered in hairs. The species has a one-year life cycle, with adults colonizing weakened pine trees in autumn, constructing extensive egg galleries in the cambium and phloem. Outbreaks can be devastating, killing up to 50% of pines in pure stands. The beetle is distributed across the southwestern United States and Mexico, and is considered a serious pest of commercial and wild pine stocks.
Dendroctonus brevicomis
Western Pine Beetle
Dendroctonus brevicomis, commonly known as the western pine beetle, is a destructive bark beetle species in the family Curculionidae. It is a major pest of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri) in western North America. The species is known for causing extensive tree mortality during outbreaks, with documented losses of 60–90% of host trees in affected landscapes. A notable outbreak occurred in the central and southern Sierra Nevada Range from 2014 to 2017, killing millions of ponderosa pines. The beetle plays a significant role in forest dynamics but also poses substantial economic and ecological challenges.
Dendroctonus jeffreyi
Jeffrey pine beetle
Dendroctonus jeffreyi is a bark beetle in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae, endemic to western North America. The species is monophagous on Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), feeding on phloem and causing significant tree mortality during outbreak conditions. Adults bore into bark to create egg chambers, with larvae developing in galleries under the bark. The beetle possesses specialized mycangia for transporting the symbiotic fungus Ophiostoma clavigerum, which contributes to tree mortality. Populations show genetic structure across their range, with southern California populations most differentiated.
Dendroctonus mexicanus
Mexican bark beetle
Dendroctonus mexicanus is a bark beetle native to Mexico and Central America, recognized as the most widely distributed and destructive bark beetle in Mexico. It colonizes more than 21 pine species and causes significant tree mortality in coniferous forests. The species' population dynamics are strongly influenced by climate variables, particularly temperature and precipitation, with outbreak risk increasing under warmer, drier conditions. It is considered a major forest pest affecting wood supply and ecosystem services.
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murrayanae
Lodgepole Pine Beetle
Dendroctonus murrayanae, commonly known as the lodgepole pine beetle, is a bark beetle species in the subfamily Scolytinae. It is native to North America and primarily associated with lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Unlike more aggressive Dendroctonus species, it is not a primary agent of tree mortality and typically attacks individual, predisposed trees rather than conducting mass attacks. The species has one annual generation, overwintering as larvae.
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain Pine Beetle
Dendroctonus ponderosae, commonly known as the mountain pine beetle, is a bark beetle native to western North America. It is a significant forest disturbance agent that attacks and kills pine trees, particularly during outbreak conditions. The beetle has a hard black exoskeleton and measures approximately 5 mm. Population success is heavily influenced by temperature, which drives phenology and adult emergence synchrony required for mass attacks on host trees. The species has been responsible for extensive tree mortality across millions of acres in the western United States and Canada.
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae
Douglas-fir beetle, Douglas fir beetle
The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) is a bark beetle native to western North America and a major pest of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Adults are small (4.4–7 mm), light brown when young, darkening to brown or black with reddish wing covers. Outbreaks typically follow disturbances such as storms, fire, or drought, which provide stressed or dead host trees. The species has one of the most thoroughly studied pheromone systems among bark beetles, with operational use of its antiaggregation pheromone (MCH) to protect high-value trees developed over 40 years of research. The beetle also infests downed western larch (Larix occidentalis), though brood do not survive in live larch due to high 3-carene content.
Dendroctonus rufipennis
spruce beetle, great spruce bark beetle
Dendroctonus rufipennis, the spruce beetle, is a bark beetle native to North America and a major pest of spruce forests. Adults measure 4–7 mm in length and are among the larger bark beetles in spruce. The species undergoes a facultative life cycle of 1, 2, or 3 years, with 2-year cycles being most common. Outbreaks have caused extensive tree mortality across western North America, particularly affecting Engelmann and white spruce. Climate warming and drought stress are key factors driving population increases.
Dendroctonus terebrans
Black Turpentine Beetle
Dendroctonus terebrans, the black turpentine beetle, is the largest bark beetle in the southeastern United States. It attacks pine trees near the base of the trunk and in stumps, typically targeting stressed or freshly cut trees. Unlike the more destructive southern pine beetle (D. frontalis), it rarely kills healthy trees outright but can contribute to tree mortality through sustained feeding damage and by vectoring blue-stain fungi. The species produces and responds to complex semiochemicals, including frontalin and brevicomin, which facilitate mass attack behavior and may mediate interactions with other bark beetle species.
Dendrosinus bourreriae
Dendrosinus bourreriae is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It was described by E.A. Schwarz in 1920. The species is known to occur in North America and the Caribbean.
Dryocoetes
Dryocoetes is a genus of bark beetles (subfamily Scolytinae) in the weevil family Curculionidae. Species are distributed across North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The genus includes both conifer- and hardwood-associated species, with documented hosts including fir, spruce, pine, alder, birch, beech, poplar, liquidambar, and walnut. Several species are economically significant forest pests or invasive species.
Dryocoetes granicollis
Dryocoetes granicollis is a small bark beetle in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1876. It occurs in North America, with records from Canada including Manitoba and Québec. As a member of the genus Dryocoetes, it is associated with woody plants, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Dryocoetini
Dryocoetini is a tribe of small bark beetles within the weevil family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. Members are characterized by their compact body form and association with woody hosts. The tribe includes economically significant species that colonize both coniferous and broadleaf trees.
Dryoxylon onoharaense
Dryoxylon onoharaense is a small ambrosia beetle (Scolytinae) in the weevil family Curculionidae. Originally described from Japan, it has been introduced to North America and has established populations in the conterminous United States. Like other members of the tribe Xyleborini, it is presumed to cultivate ambrosia fungi in wood galleries for larval nutrition.
Eidophelus
Eidophelus is a genus of minute bark beetles in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. The genus was established by Eichhoff in 1876 and contains species formerly classified within the tribe Cryphalini. Based on recent taxonomic revision, Eidophelus has been reassigned from the former Cryphalini to one of three newly erected tribes. Species are extremely small, comparable in size to a grain of wheat.
Eidophelus jalapae
Eidophelus jalapae is a minute bark beetle species in the tribe Cryphalini. Like other members of this group, it is extremely small, measuring approximately 1 mm in length. The species was subject to taxonomic reclassification as part of the 2024 revision of the former Cryphalini, which reorganized this historically chaotic group into three distinct tribes. Eidophelus jalapae is one of multiple species within the genus Eidophelus that were clarified through this taxonomic work.