Wood-decay
Guides
Ambrosiodmus
Ambrosiodmus is a genus of ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae) in the family Curculionidae, comprising at least 100 described species. These beetles are distinguished by their obligate mutualism with the white-rot decay fungus Flavodon subulatus (formerly Flavodon ambrosius), a unique symbiosis among ambrosia beetles. Unlike most ambrosia fungi that merely extract nutrients from recently dead wood, Flavodon is a true wood degrader capable of decomposing cellulose and lignin. This superior fungal mutualist enables Ambrosiodmus species to establish large, semi-social colonies with thousands of individuals and to colonize and decay wood over multiple generations. Several species, including A. minor and A. rubricollis, have become invasive outside their native ranges.
Ambrosiodmus minor
Punky Wood Ambrosia Beetle
Ambrosiodmus minor is an invasive ambrosia beetle in the southeastern United States, including Florida. It cultivates a unique ambrosia fungus, Flavodon subulatus, which causes rapid wood rot in dead trees. The beetle is considered of low economic importance as evident major impacts have not been observed, though wood decay from this association is increasing across its introduced range. Native to Asia, it has established populations in North America and has been recorded from mainland China with documented host associations on multiple tree genera.
Arhopalus
burnt pine longhorn beetle (A. ferus), black pine sawyer (A. rusticus)
Arhopalus is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae: Asemini) distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with several species introduced to the Southern Hemisphere as invasive pests of conifers. The genus comprises approximately 20 described species, with A. rusticus and A. ferus being the most extensively studied due to their economic importance. Species develop in dead or fire-damaged conifer wood, with some exhibiting strong attraction to burnt pine volatiles. Several species produce male-emitted aggregation-sex pheromones containing fuscumol and geranylacetone. Invasive populations in New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa require monitoring at ports and sawmills for timber export compliance.
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te-statemethodological-state-stateepistemological-state-stateontological-state-stateaxiological-state-statepraxeological-state-statelogical-state-staterational-state-statereasonable-state-statesensible-state-statepragmatic-state-statepractical-state-statetheoretical-state-stateconceptual-state-stateempirical-state-stateexperimental-state-stateobservational-state-stateexperiential-state-statephenomenological-state-statehermeneutical-state-statecritical-state-statereflexive-state-statereflective-state-staterepresentative-state-stateAstichus
Astichus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, subfamily Entiinae. Species are associated with bracket fungi and woody polypores, where they develop as endoparasitoids of Ciidae beetles (minute tree-fungus beetles). The genus was first described by Förster in 1856 and has been recorded from the Nearctic, Palearctic, and Afrotropical regions. South African species exhibit distinctive coloration and patterning that separates them from congeners in other regions.
Callopistromyia annulipes
Peacock Fly
A small picture-winged fly native to North America, introduced to Europe around 2007. Known for its distinctive courtship display in which both sexes raise their wings vertically while strutting on rotting wood. The species has spread rapidly across Europe, with records from more than fifteen countries. Adults are 3.5–5.5 mm in length and active primarily in spring and fall.
Eucnemidae
False Click Beetles
Eucnemidae, commonly known as false click beetles, is a family of elateroid beetles comprising approximately 1,700 species distributed worldwide. The family is closely related to Elateridae (true click beetles) and shares the ability to produce an audible clicking sound through a prosternal-mesosternal mechanism, though this trait is less pronounced than in true click beetles. Larvae are saproxylic, developing in decaying wood where they feed on fungal fluids using specialized digestive adaptations. Adults are typically short-lived and frequently observed on broken wood surfaces.
Gloeosoma
Gloeosoma is a genus of crust fungi in the family Stereaceae (order Russulales). Species in this genus form thin, effused fruiting bodies that adhere tightly to their substrate, often appearing as smooth to slightly wrinkled crusts without a distinct cap or stipe. The genus is characterized by its smooth, hyaline spores and a hymenium that lacks cystidia. Gloeosoma species are saprotrophic, decomposing dead wood in forest ecosystems.
Mycetophagus fulvicollis
Mycetophagus fulvicollis is a species of hairy fungus beetle in the family Mycetophagidae, first described by Fabricius in 1792. This small beetle is associated with fungal decay in wood and is part of the diverse community of insects that colonize dead and decaying timber. The species has a broad distribution across Europe and extends into parts of Asia.
Myolepta pretiosa
Myolepta pretiosa is a hoverfly species in the family Syrphidae, described by Hull in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Brachyopini, a group characterized by larvae that develop in decaying wood and sap runs. The genus Myolepta comprises relatively uncommon species with limited documented observations.
Phylloporia
Genus of polypore fungi in family Hymenochaetaceae, order Hymenochaetales. Species produce annual to perennial basidiomata with resupinate to pileate-stipitate growth forms and characteristic duplex context. Hyphal system monomitic to dimitic. Basidiospores globose to cylindrical, thick-walled, yellowish to pale brown in KOH. Approximately 72 species described worldwide, predominantly distributed in tropical regions.
Zootermopsis
dampwood termites
Zootermopsis is a genus of dampwood termites in the family Archotermopsidae, containing four extant and one extinct species native to western North America. These termites inhabit decaying wood in temperate rain forests, where they digest cellulose with the aid of symbiotic gut protists and bacteria. The genus exhibits complex social organization with distinct castes including reproductives, soldiers, and pseudergates. Species identification relies on subsidiary tooth morphology in non-soldier castes, a more reliable method than soldier-based characteristics.