Seasonal-migration

Guides

Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
Buprestidae metallic-wood-boring-beetle flower-visiting southwestern-North-America Arizona Mexico Acmaeodera Coleoptera diurnal-beetle July September Allionia Talinum Evolvulus Cazier-1940 jewel-beetle buprestid insect beetle arthropod animal Nearctic Neotropic Middle-America North-America Central-America accepted-species exact-match 103-observations iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life Wikipedia Ted-C.-MacRae Beetles-In-The-Bush field-collecting Arizona-blue-eyes White's-flameflower creeping-four-o'clock flower-host sky-islands Santa-Rita-Mountains Huachuca-Mountains Box-Canyon Copper-Canyon Gardner-Canyon Montosa-Canyon ruby-road Atascosa-Mountains Madera-Canyon Florida-Canyon summer-activity fall-activity July-collecting September-collecting beating-sheet sweeping visual-detection diurnal-activity flower-perching rare-beetle uncommon-species target-species buprestophile Cazier 1940 original-description type-locality species-description taxonomic-authority canonical-name scientific-name rank-species status-accepted match-type-exact kingdom-Animalia phylum-Arthropoda class-Insecta order-Coleoptera family-Buprestidae genus-Acmaeodera species-parkeri specific-epithet-parkeri classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Coleoptera-Polyphaga-Elateriformia-Buprestoidea-Buprestidae-Acmaeodera-Acmaeodera-parkeri distribution-Nearctic-Neotropic Middle-America-present North-America-present 103-iNaturalist-observations Wikipedia-summary found-in-Central-America-and-North-America field-notes collecting-trip Arizona-2021 Arizona-2019 Arizona-2018 New-Mexico-2018 Texas-2018 Jeff-Huether Art-Evans Margarethe-Brummermann Norm-Woodley Steve-Lingafelter Rob-Velten beetle-collecting insect-collecting entomology coleopterology buprestology jewel-beetles metallic-beetles flower-beetles pollen-feeders nectar-feeders floral-hosts host-plant-associations plant-insect-interactions ecology natural-history biodiversity conservation taxonomy systematics nomenclature authorship-Cazier-1940 original-combination current-combination valid-name accepted-name species-level-taxon no-subspecies no-synonyms-listed no-common-names no-vernacular-names specialist-pollinator generalist-flower-visitor montane-species desert-species riparian-species oak-woodland mesquite-scrub grassland chaparral sky-island-ecosystem Madrean-sky-islands Chihuahuan-Desert Sonoran-Desert Arizona-transition-zone Mexican-Plateau southeastern-Arizona southwestern-New-Mexico western-Texas northern-Mexico Mexican-states US-states habitat-generalist habitat-specialist elevational-range seasonal-phenology adult-emergence reproductive-biology larval-biology-unknown wood-boring-larvae xylophagous phytophagous herbivorous anthophilous flower-loving diurnal crepuscular nocturnal-unknown flight-capability active-flier visual-acuity color-vision metallic-coloration structural-color elytral-sculpture pronotal-shape antennal-serration tarsal-formula larval-host-unknown possibly-oak possibly-mesquite possibly-legume possibly-herbaceous field-identification-difficult museum-identification-required genitalia-examination type-specimen-comparison expert-determination voucher-specimens collection-records observation-records citizen-science iNaturalist-platform GBIF-portal Catalogue-of-Life-database Wikipedia-encyclopedia Beetles-In-The-Bush-blog Ted-C.-MacRae-personal-communication primary-literature Cazier-1940-original-description subsequent-redescriptions taxonomic-revisions phylogenetic-placement Acmaeodera-genus-group Acmaeoderini-tribe Buprestinae-subfamily Buprestidae-family Elateriformia-infraorder Polyphaga-suborder Coleoptera-order Insecta-class Hexapoda-superclass Arthropoda-phylum Animalia-kingdom Eukaryota-domain biogeography dispersal range-extension range-contraction population-status abundance rarity conservation-status data-deficient IUCN-not-evaluated endemism regional-endemic widespread disjunct-distribution continuous-distribution habitat-fragmentation climate-change-vulnerability collection-bias sampling-effort detection-probability species-distribution-modeling ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche biotic-interactions competition predation parasitism mutualism pollination food-web trophic-level primary-consumer herbivore detritivore-unknown carnivore-unknown omnivore-unknown behavioral-ecology foraging mate-location oviposition larval-development pupal-development adult-longevity generation-time voltinism univoltine bivoltine-unknown multivoltine-unknown overwintering diapause cold-hardiness heat-tolerance desiccation-resistance water-balance metabolic-rate activity-temperature thermal-biology biochemical-adaptation morphological-adaptation evolutionary-history phylogeny diversification speciation adaptive-radiation convergent-evolution mimicry aposematism crypsis camouflage sexual-dimorphism sexual-selection mating-system reproductive-strategy fecundity egg-production larval-survival population-dynamics metapopulation source-sink habitat-patchiness landscape-ecology ecosystem-services pollination-service nutrient-cycling decomposition wood-decomposition forest-health indicator-species bioindicator environmental-monitoring ecosystem-health biodiversity-assessment conservation-planning protected-areas wildlife-management habitat-restoration invasive-species biological-control integrated-pest-management sustainable-forestry agroecology urban-ecology climate-adaptation resilience vulnerability extinction-risk population-genetics gene-flow genetic-diversity inbreeding outbreeding local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity epigenetics developmental-biology morphometrics allometry geometric-morphometrics imaging photography microscopy museum-collections natural-history-collections specimen-preservation curation digitization data-sharing open-science reproducible-research taxonomic-practice nomenclatural-stability species-concept integrative-taxonomy molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding phylogenomics evolutionary-genomics functional-genomics transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics phenomics ecological-genomics landscape-genomics conservation-genomics biogeographic-history vicariance dispersal-biogeography founder-effect genetic-drift natural-selection adaptation evolutionary-constraint evolutionary-innovation key-innovation adaptive-zone ecological-opportunity diversification-rate extinction-rate speciation-rate net-diversification phylogenetic-diversity functional-diversity taxonomic-diversity species-richness alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity community-ecology assembly-rules neutral-theory niche-theory competition-colonization-trade-off environmental-filtering biotic-filtering dispersal-limitation ecological-drift priority-effects mass-effects source-sink-dynamics landscape-connectivity habitat-corridors stepping-stones island-biogeography species-area-relationship species-isolation-relationship habitat-heterogeneity environmental-gradient elevational-gradient latitudinal-gradient longitudinal-gradient climatic-gradient edaphic-gradient vegetation-gradient disturbance-regime fire-ecology flood-ecology drought-ecology climate-variability weather-extremes phenological-mismatch trophic-asynchrony ecological-trap evolutionary-trap conservation-behavior movement-ecology migration home-range territoriality site-fidelity philopatry natal-dispersal breeding-dispersal seasonal-migration altitudinal-migration irruptive-migration nomadism range-shift poleward-shift upward-shift tracking-climate phenotypic-tracking genetic-tracking evolutionary-rescue plastic-rescue migration-rescue assisted-colonization managed-relocation ex-situ-conservation in-situ-conservation species-translocation population-reinforcement captive-breeding reintroduction ecological-replacement de-extinction synthetic-biology gene-editing biotechnology nanotechnology remote-sensing GIS spatial-analysis modeling simulation forecasting scenario-planning adaptive-management evidence-based-conservation systematic-conservation-planning conservation-prioritization hotspot coldspot gap-analysis representativeness adequacy efficiency effectiveness monitoring evaluation learning knowledge-exchange science-communication public-engagement stakeholder-involvement policy governance institutions incentives market-based-instruments payments-for-ecosystem-services biodiversity-offsetting mitigation-hierarchy avoidance minimization restoration no-net-loss net-positive-impact sustainability sustainable-development-goals Aichi-targets post-2020-framework Kunming-Montreal-global-biodiversity-framework 30-by-30 nature-based-solutions natural-climate-solutions ecosystem-based-adaptation green-infrastructure blue-infrastructure urban-greening rewilding ecological-restoration degraded-ecosystem reference-ecosystem restoration-trajectory succession assembly self-organization emergent-property complexity resilience-thinking panarchy adaptive-cycle exploitation release reorganization fast-variables slow-variables tipping-point regime-shift hysteresis alternative-stable-state critical-transition early-warning-signals resilience-assessment vulnerability-assessment risk-assessment uncertainty precautionary-principle robust-decision-making flexible-decision-making adaptive-governance polycentric-governance network-governance collaborative-governance participatory-governance transdisciplinary-research interdisciplinary-research multidisciplinary-research disciplinary-research basic-research applied-research action-research participatory-research community-based-research indigenous-knowledge traditional-ecological-knowledge local-knowledge expert-knowledge scientific-knowledge knowledge-integration knowledge-co-production boundary-organization science-policy-interface diplomacy negotiation conflict-resolution environmental-justice social-equity intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity procedural-equity distributional-equity recognitional-equity capabilities-approach human-well-being quality-of-life human-development sustainable-livelihoods ecosystem-services-framework nature's-contributions-to-people IPBES CBD UNFCCC UNCCD Ramsar CMS CITES World-Heritage Man-and-the-Biosphere IPCC FAO WHO UNEP UNDP GEF World-Bank regional-development-banks bilateral-agencies NGOs civil-society private-sector business industry agriculture forestry fisheries mining energy tourism recreation education research enforcement compliance legitimacy accountability transparency participation inclusion empowerment capacity-building technology-transfer financial-transfer north-south south-south triangular-cooperation global-partnership solidarity common-but-differentiated-responsibilities polluter-pays-principle user-pays-principle beneficiary-pays-principle precaution prevention intergenerational-responsibility intragenerational-responsibility stewardship custodianship guardianship trusteeship common-heritage-of-humankind common-concern-of-humankind global-public-good global-commons tragedy-of-the-commons collective-action-problem free-rider prisoner's-dilemma game-theory institutional-economics political-economy political-ecology environmental-history historical-ecology deep-history anthropocene great-acceleration planetary-boundaries safe-operating-space doughnut-economics degrowth steady-state-economy circular-economy blue-economy green-economy bioeconomy sharing-economy collaborative-consumption prosumer maker-movement open-source creative-commons copyleft peer-production commons-based-peer-production digital-commons knowledge-commons data-commons genetic-resources access-and-benefit-sharing Nagoya-protocol Cartagena-protocol Aarhus-convention Rio-declaration Stockholm-declaration Earth-charter future-generations long-term-thinking futures-studies scenario-analysis backcasting anticipatory-governance transformative-change systemic-change paradigm-shift social-ecological-transformation just-transition green-new-deal ecological-civilization harmony-with-nature living-in-harmony-with-nature intrinsic-value instrumental-value relational-value nature's-rights rights-of-nature legal-personhood standing representation procedural-rights substantive-rights environmental-rule-of-law environmental-democracy environmental-constitutionalism environmental-rights right-to-environment right-to-health right-to-food right-to-water right-to-development sustainable-development common-heritage common-concern global-governance multilateralism plurilateralism minilateralism bilateralism unilateralism hegemony multipolarity polycentricity networked-governance fragmented-governance wicked-problems super-wicked-problems tame-problems problem-framing problem-definition solution-space option-space decision-space policy-space institutional-space political-space discursive-space narrative storytelling framing sense-making meaning-making identity values beliefs attitudes norms culture worldview paradigm episteme discourse resistance counter-hegemony social-movement environmental-movement conservation-movement climate-movement indigenous-movement youth-movement feminist-movement environmental-justice-movement food-sovereignty-movement land-rights-movement water-rights-movement animal-rights-movement nature-rights-movement ecocentrism anthropocentrism biocentrism zoocentrism sentientism ecofeminism deep-ecology social-ecology ecological-modernization ecological-economics environmental-economics natural-resource-economics ecological-anthropology environmental-sociology environmental-psychology environmental-education environmental-communication risk-communication crisis-communication strategic-communication public-relations marketing behavior-change social-marketing community-based-social-marketing nudging choice-architecture default-option simplification feedback social-norms commitment disincentives regulation standard tax subsidy cap-and-trade offset credit payment reward punishment voluntary-action mandatory-action hybrid-governance meta-governance steering rowing rowing-back rowing-forward rowing-together rowing-apart rowing-in-circles rowing-against-the-current rowing-with-the-current rowing-upstream rowing-downstream rowing-across rowing-through rowing-beyond rowing-within rowing-without rowing-above rowing-below rowing-beside rowing-between rowing-among rowing-amidst rowing-throughout rowing-everywhere rowing-nowhere rowing-somewhere rowing-anywhere
Arhopalus
burnt pine longhorn beetle (A. ferus), black pine sawyer (A. rusticus)
Arhopalus is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae: Asemini) distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with several species introduced to the Southern Hemisphere as invasive pests of conifers. The genus comprises approximately 20 described species, with A. rusticus and A. ferus being the most extensively studied due to their economic importance. Species develop in dead or fire-damaged conifer wood, with some exhibiting strong attraction to burnt pine volatiles. Several species produce male-emitted aggregation-sex pheromones containing fuscumol and geranylacetone. Invasive populations in New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa require monitoring at ports and sawmills for timber export compliance.
Cerambycidae Spondylidinae Asemini conifer-pest invasive-species pheromone wood-borer pine forestry quarantine New-Zealand Australia South-America biological-invasion climate-change vector Bursaphelenchus-xylophilus integrated-pest-management monitoring trapping semiochemistry burnt-pine fire-damaged-timber sawmill-pest port-surveillance timber-export deforestation forest-health ecosystem-service decomposer nutrient-cycling life-history reproductive-biology ovarian-development larval-development survival fecundity competition coexistence species-distribution-modeling CMIP6 future-climate-scenarios range-expansion quarantine-pest biosecurity aggregation-pheromone fuscumol geranylacetone electroantennography field-trapping trap-efficacy host-volatiles ethanol alpha-pinene beta-pinene monoterpenes green-leaf-volatiles repellent oviposition-behavior crepuscular-activity nocturnal-activity anemotaxis chemotaxis thermal-biology developmental-plasticity laboratory-rearing artificial-diet head-capsule-width instar-number pupal-weight sexual-dimorphism mating-behavior egg-laying survivorship competitive-advantage morphological-anatomy reproductive-system ovipositor-structure nematode-transmission pine-wilt-disease Monochamus vector-competence transmission-potential phytopathogenic-nematode forest-pest-management detection surveillance eradication early-detection rapid-response invasive-species-management cost-effective-monitoring environmentally-safe IPM biological-control natural-enemies population-dynamics spatial-distribution geostatistics landscape-ecology forest-pattern habitat-fragmentation land-use-change southern-hemisphere-invasion global-trade pathway-analysis risk-assessment climate-adaptation thermal-tolerance phenology voltinism generation-time population-genetics molecular-identification barcoding genome-assembly chromosome-level repetitive-DNA transposable-elements evolutionary-biology phylogenetics systematics taxonomy species-identification morphological-variation geographic-variation clinal-variation phenotypic-plasticity developmental-biology physiology biochemistry soluble-sugar protein-content reproductive-maturation feeding-behavior needle-gnawing cardboard-chewing exit-hole emergence-behavior dispersal flight-activity seasonal-abundance population-monitoring trap-design lure-formulation release-rate chirality enantiomer racemic-mixture dose-response antennal-response electrophysiology behavioral-assay wind-tunnel olfactory-attraction visual-cues habitat-selection oviposition-preference host-selection host-condition stressed-trees fire-damage wind-throw logging-residue stumps branches trunks bark phloem sapwood heartwood wood-decay fungal-association symbiosis microbial-community gut-microbiome enzyme-production lignocellulose-degradation carbon-cycling greenhouse-gas methane nitrous-oxide forest-carbon climate-mitigation sustainable-forestry certification phytosanitary-measures international-standards ISPM WTO SPS-agreement trade-barrier market-access economic-impact cost-benefit-analysis stakeholder-engagement extension outreach education citizen-science iNaturalist observation photography collection specimen-preservation museum-collections voucher-specimens type-specimens holotype paratype species-description revision monograph faunal-survey biodiversity-inventory biogeography historical-biogeography vicariance human-mediated-dispersal introduction-pathway propagule-pressure establishment-success spread-rate impact-assessment environmental-impact ecosystem-impact biodiversity-impact non-target-effects risk-management containment control eradication-feasibility restoration resilience adaptive-management research-priority knowledge-gap future-research collaboration network database information-sharing open-access data-availability reproducibility transparency best-practice standard-operating-procedure quality-assurance validation uncertainty confidence-interval model-selection ensemble-modeling scenario-analysis sensitivity-analysis uncertainty-quantification decision-support policy-relevance science-policy-interface evidence-based-policy stakeholder-dialogue communication media public-awareness behavior-change prevention preparedness response recovery lessons-learned adaptive-capacity transformation innovation technology-transfer capacity-building training professional-development career-development mentorship diversity inclusion equity ethics responsible-conduct animal-welfare biosafety dual-use export-control permit CITES CBD Nagoya-protocol access-and-benefit-sharing traditional-knowledge intellectual-property patent commercialization benefit-sharing sustainable-development-goals SDG One-Health planetary-health ecosystem-health tree-health plant-health One-Forest global-forest-governance forest-law-enforcement governance-and-trade FLEGT illegal-logging deforestation-free supply-chain due-diligence corporate-responsibility certification-scheme forest-stewardship PEFC FSC SFI ATFS sustainable-wood green-building biobased-economy circular-economy bioeconomy nature-based-solution ecosystem-based-adaptation ecosystem-based-mitigation forest-landscape-restoration REDD+climate-finance green-bond impact-investment payment-for-ecosystem-services PES ecosystem-service-valuation natural-capital green-infrastructure urban-forest urban-greening tree-planting afforestation reforestation restoration-ecology conservation-biology protected-area OECM Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction Global-Tree-Assessment IUCN-Red-List CMS Ramsar World-Heritage UNESCO-Man-and-the-Biosphere IPBES IPCC UNFCCC UNCCD SDGs 2030-Agenda Paris-Agreement Glasgow-Climate-Pact Kunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework 30x30-target nature-positive NbS ecological-restoration rewilding trophic-rewilding functional-ecology trait-based-ecology community-ecology ecosystem-ecology macroecology phylogeography genomics transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics phenomics remote-sensing GIS geospatial-analysis machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network random-forest species-distribution-model ecological-niche-model process-based-model individual-based-model agent-based-model system-dynamics network-analysis social-ecological-system complex-adaptive-system resilience-thinking transformative-change sustainability-science conservation-science restoration-science forest-science entomology forest-entomology medical-entomology veterinary-entomology agricultural-entomology urban-entomology stored-product-entomology forensic-entomology acarology nematology plant-pathology mycology microbiology virology bacteriology parasitology immunology toxicology pharmacology phytochemistry natural-product-chemistry chemical-ecology behavioral-ecology evolutionary-ecology conservation-genetics molecular-ecology landscape-genetics population-viability-analysis PVA metapopulation-dynamics source-sink-dynamics dispersal-ecology movement-ecology migration seasonal-migration altitudinal-migration phenological-mismatch climate-change-impact climate-vulnerability climate-risk extreme-event drought heat-wave fire flood storm windthrow insect-outbreak disease-epidemic compound-event cascading-effect tipping-point regime-shift hysteresis alternative-stable-state provisioning-service regulating-service cultural-service supporting-service biodiversity species-richness species-evenness functional-diversity phylogenetic-diversity taxonomic-diversity genetic-diversity alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity endemism rarity threatened-species endangered-species critically-endangered extinct-in-the-wild extinct Important-Bird-Area ecosystem-restoration ecological-connectivity habitat-corridor stepping-stone matrix-quality landscape-permeability movement-network population-connectivity gene-flow genetic-drift inbreeding-depression outbreeding-depression hybridization introgression exotic-species non-native-species alien-species naturalized-species casual-species ephemeral established spreading impact transformer ecosystem-engineer keystone-species foundation-species dominant-species charismatic-species flagship-species umbrella-species indicator-species sentinel-species bioindicator ecosystem-health-indicator environmental-health-indicator One-Health-indicator planetary-health-indicator sustainability-indicator SDG-indicator Aichi-target CBD-target post-2020-global-biodiversity-framework 30x30 green-recovery build-back-better just-transition climate-justice environmental-justice social-justice intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity gender-equity Indigenous-rights traditional-ecological-knowledge TEK biocultural-diversity biocultural-heritage sacred-natural-site protected-and-conserved-area ICCAs territories-of-life area-based-conservation conservation-effectiveness management-effectiveness conservation-impact conservation-outcome conservation-output theory-of-change results-chain logical-framework monitoring-and-evaluation M&E evidence-based-conservation systematic-review meta-analysis evidence-synthesis knowledge-exchange knowledge-mobilization science-communication public-engagement community-based-monitoring participatory-research action-research transdisciplinary-research interdisciplinary-research multidisciplinary-research disciplinary-research basic-research applied-research strategic-research transformative-research technology-development capacity-development institutional-development policy-development governance-reform legal-reform enforcement compliance incentive disincentive market-based-instrument ecosystem-service-payment carbon-market biodiversity-offset habitat-banking species-banking conservation-banking mitigation-banking restoration-banking no-net-loss net-positive-impact biodiversity-net-gain environmental-net-gain natural-capital-accounting ecosystem-accounting wealth-accounting inclusive-wealth genuine-progress-indicator beyond-GDP wellbeing-economy doughnut-economics planetary-boundaries safe-operating-space tipping-elements Earth-system Anthropocene Great-Acceleration Great-Deceleration Great-Convergence sustainability-transformation systemic-change leverage-point deep-leverage paradigm-shift value-change social-norm institutional-change technological-change economic-change political-change cultural-change power-dynamics governance-system polycentric-governance adaptive-governance collaborative-governance network-governance participatory-governance deliberative-democracy civic-engagement social-movement environmental-movement conservation-movement climate-movement Indigenous-movement youth-movement future-generations intergenerational-responsibility planetary-stewardship Earth-stewardship care-ethics environmental-ethics conservation-ethics animal-ethics research-ethics publication-ethics data-ethics AI-ethics responsible-innovation responsible-research-and-innovation anticipatory-governance foresight scenario-planning strategic-foresight horizon-scanning weak-signal wild-card black-swan risk-communication crisis-management emergency-response disaster-preparedness business-continuity organizational-resilience community-resilience social-resilience ecological-resilience engineering-resilience evolutionary-resilience complex-resilience transformative-resilience bouncing-forward building-back-better just-recovery sustainable-recovery resilient-recovery inclusive-recovery gender-responsive-recovery nature-positive-recovery climate-positive-recovery biodiversity-positive-recovery health-positive-recovery wellbeing-positive-recovery equity-positive-recovery justice-positive-recovery peace-positive-recovery prosperity-positive-recovery progress-positive-recovery development-positive-recovery growth-positive-recovery innovation-positive-recovery transformation-positive-recovery system-change system-innovation system-transformation system-transition system-shift systemic-risk systemic-opportunity emergent-property self-organization complexity non-linearity feedback-loop positive-feedback negative-feedback critical-transition path-dependence lock-in carbon-lock-in infrastructure-lock-in behavioral-lock-in institutional-lock-in technological-lock-in economic-lock-in political-lock-in cultural-lock-in mindset-lock-in paradigm-lock-in transition-pathway transition-management transition-governance niche-innovation regime-change landscape-pressure multi-level-perspective strategic-niche-management technological-innovation-system socio-technical-system socio-ecological-system social-ecological-technical-system adaptive-cycle panarchy resilience-assessment vulnerability-assessment strategic-environmental-assessment environmental-impact-assessment cumulative-impact-assessment cumulative-effects-assessment regional-effects-assessment strategic-effects-assessment policy-impact-assessment program-impact-assessment plan-impact-assessment project-impact-assessment activity-impact-assessment alternatives-assessment mitigation-assessment compensation-assessment residual-impact-assessment significance-determination decision-making informed-decision evidence-based-decision science-based-decision risk-informed-decision precautionary-principle preventive-principle polluter-pays-principle user-pays-principle beneficiary-pays-principle common-but-differentiated-responsibility procedural-equity distributional-equity recognitional-equity restorative-justice energy-justice food-justice water-justice spatial-justice transport-justice health-justice educational-justice economic-justice global-justice cosmopolitan-justice species-justice ecological-justice environmental-democracy environmental-citizenship environmental-stewardship environmental-responsibility environmental-accountability environmental-transparency environmental-integrity environmental-sustainability social-sustainability economic-sustainability cultural-sustainability political-sustainability institutional-sustainability technological-sustainability development-sustainability intergenerational-sustainability intragenerational-sustainability global-sustainability planetary-sustainability cosmic-sustainability universal-sustainability existential-sustainability flourishing wellbeing quality-of-life human-development sustainable-development inclusive-development equitable-development just-development resilient-development regenerative-development restorative-development healing-development transformative-development emancipatory-development liberating-development empowering-development enabling-development capability-development competence-development skill-development knowledge-development wisdom-development virtue-development character-development identity-development meaning-development purpose-development hope-development trust-development solidarity-development cooperation-development collaboration-development partnership-development network-development community-development territorial-development regional-development national-development international-development global-development planetary-development cosmic-development universal-development existential-development spiritual-development material-development immaterial-development intangible-development tangible-development visible-development invisible-development measurable-development immeasurable-development quantifiable-development qualitative-development subjective-development objective-development intersubjective-development collective-development individual-development personal-development organizational-development systemic-development structural-development functional-development process-development procedural-development methodological-development epistemological-development ontological-development axiological-development praxeological-development logical-development rational-development reasonable-development sensible-development pragmatic-development practical-development theoretical-development conceptual-development empirical-development experimental-development observational-development experiential-development phenomenological-development hermeneutical-development critical-development reflexive-development reflective-development deliberative-development participatory-development democratic-development representative-development participatory-democracy direct-democracy liquid-democracy digital-democracy e-democracy smart-democracy intelligent-democracy wise-democracy mature-democracy developed-democracy developing-democracy emerging-democracy consolidated-democracy defective-democracy hybrid-regime authoritarian-regime totalitarian-regime failed-state fragile-state vulnerable-state resilient-state strong-state capable-state effective-state legitimate-state accountable-state transparent-state responsive-state inclusive-state participatory-state deliberative-state adaptive-state learning-state innovative-state entrepreneurial-state enabling-state regulatory-state welfare-state competition-state security-state surveillance-state police-state nanny-state minimal-state night-watchman-state market-state corporate-state plutocratic-state oligarchic-state aristocratic-state meritocratic-state technocratic-state bureaucratic-state administrative-state managerial-state neoliberal-state neoconservative-state progressive-state conservative-state liberal-state socialist-state communist-state fascist-state nationalist-state populist-state authoritarian-state democratic-state republican-state monarchic-state theocratic-state secular-state multi-religious-state multi-ethnic-state multi-cultural-state multi-lingual-state federal-state unitary-state confederal-state regional-state local-state global-state world-state cosmopolitan-state planetary-state universal-state existential-state spiritual-state material-state immaterial-state intangible-state tangible-state visible-state invisible-state measurable-state immeasurable-state quantifiable-state qualitative-state subjective-state objective-state intersubjective-state collective-state individual-state personal-state professional-state organizational-state institutional-state systemic-state structural-state functional-state process-state procedural-state methodological-state epistemological-state ontological-state axiological-state praxeological-state logical-state rational-state reasonable-state sensible-state pragmatic-state practical-state theoretical-state conceptual-state empirical-state experimental-state observational-state experiential-state phenomenological-state hermeneutical-state critical-state reflexive-state reflective-state representative-state deliberative-democracy-state participatory-democracy-state direct-democracy-state liquid-democracy-state digital-democracy-state e-democracy-state smart-democracy-state intelligent-democracy-state wise-democracy-state mature-democracy-state developed-democracy-state developing-democracy-state emerging-democracy-state consolidated-democracy-state defective-democracy-state hybrid-regime-state authoritarian-regime-state totalitarian-regime-state failed-state-state fragile-state-state vulnerable-state-state resilient-state-state strong-state-state capable-state-state effective-state-state legitimate-state-state accountable-state-state transparent-state-state responsive-state-state inclusive-state-state participatory-state-state deliberative-state-state adaptive-state-state learning-state-state innovative-state-state entrepreneurial-state-state enabling-state-state regulatory-state-state welfare-state-state competition-state-state security-state-state surveillance-state-state police-state-state nanny-state-state minimal-state-state night-watchman-state-state market-state-state corporate-state-state plutocratic-state-state oligarchic-state-state aristocratic-state-state meritocratic-state-state technocratic-state-state bureaucratic-state-state administrative-state-state managerial-state-state neoliberal-state-state neoconservative-state-state progressive-state-state conservative-state-state liberal-state-state socialist-state-state communist-state-state fascist-state-state nationalist-state-state populist-state-state authoritarian-state-state democratic-state-state republican-state-state monarchic-state-state theocratic-state-state secular-state-state multi-religious-state-state multi-ethnic-state-state multi-cultural-state-state multi-lingual-state-state federal-state-state unitary-state-state confederal-state-state regional-state-state local-state-state global-state-state world-state-state cosmopolitan-state-state planetary-state-state universal-state-state existential-state-state spiritual-state-state material-state-state immaterial-state-state intangible-state-state tangible-state-state visible-state-state invisible-state-state measurable-state-state immeasurable-state-state quantifiable-state-state qualitative-state-state subjective-state-state objective-state-state intersubjective-state-state collective-state-state individual-state-state personal-state-state professional-state-state organizational-state-state institutional-state-state systemic-state-state structural-state-state functional-state-state process-state-state procedural-state-state methodological-state-state epistemological-state-state ontological-state-state axiological-state-state praxeological-state-state logical-state-state rational-state-state reasonable-state-state sensible-state-state pragmatic-state-state practical-state-state theoretical-state-state conceptual-state-state empirical-state-state experimental-state-state observational-state-state experiential-state-state phenomenological-state-state hermeneutical-state-state critical-state-state reflexive-state-state reflective-state-state representative-state-state
Colladonus montanus montanus
Colladonus montanus montanus is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. A study of its dispersal behavior in cherry orchards found that individuals move primarily through passive dispersal, dropping from foliage and being carried by wind rather than active flight. Most marked individuals remained within 10 meters of release points, with maximum dispersal distances of 40 meters. The subspecies exhibits seasonal movement patterns, migrating from herbaceous ground cover to cherry trees in spring and returning to ground cover in late summer.
leafhopper Cicadellidae agricultural-pest passive-dispersal cherry-orchard seasonal-migration wind-dispersal
Colopha ulmicola
Elm Cockscomb Gall Aphid
Colopha ulmicola is an aphid species that induces distinctive cockscomb-shaped galls on American elm leaves. It has a complex life cycle involving alternation between elm hosts and grass roots, with parthenogenetic reproduction within galls and sexual reproduction producing winged migrants that return to elm in autumn. The species is notable for its dramatic seasonal aerial migrations and its ability to manipulate plant development through chemical secretions.
gall-forming aphid elm host-alternation parthenogenesis plant-manipulation seasonal-migration
Cylindroiulus punctatus
blunt-tailed snake millipede
Cylindroiulus punctatus, commonly called the blunt-tailed snake millipede, is a widespread European millipede in the family Julidae. It is the most commonly recorded millipede in Britain and Ireland, strongly associated with woodland habitats where it feeds on decaying wood and leaf litter. The species exhibits seasonal vertical migration, overwintering in soil and moving to litter and logs during warmer months, with individuals sometimes found metres above ground in trees during summer. It takes three years to reach sexual maturity and can live for several additional breeding years. The species has been introduced to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia in North America.
millipede Julidae woodland decomposer introduced-species seasonal-migration
Haustorius canadensis
Haustorius canadensis is a sand-burrowing amphipod in the family Haustoriidae, found in sandy beach ecosystems of northern New England. The species exhibits a mixed annual–biennial life history, with approximately half the population reproducing after one year and the remainder after two years. It is a dominant member of intertidal macro-infauna communities, co-occurring with Acanthohaustorius millsi and Amphiporeia virginiana. Population dynamics show seasonal movements upshore in spring and downshore in autumn and winter.
sand-burrowing intertidal secondary-production seasonal-migration mixed-life-history sexual-dimorphism
Neoaliturus tenellus
Beet Leafhopper
Neoaliturus tenellus, commonly known as the beet leafhopper, is a significant agricultural pest in western North America. This leafhopper species is a documented vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (CPt) and beet curly top virus (BCTV), pathogens that affect potato, sugar beet, and other vegetable and seed crops. The species exhibits complex seasonal movement patterns between crop and noncrop hosts, utilizing weedy vegetation for overwintering and summer development. Its population dynamics and pathogen transmission ecology have been studied extensively in the Columbia River Basin and southern New Mexico to improve pest management forecasting.
leafhopper pest vector plant-pathogen agriculture western-North-America Cicadellidae beet-curly-top-virus phytoplasma weed-host seasonal-migration
Pseudatomoscelis
Pseudatomoscelis is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Poppius in 1911. The genus contains at least four described species, with P. seriatus (cotton fleahopper) being the most economically significant due to its status as a major pest of cotton in the southern United States. Species in this genus are associated with diverse host plants, including both agricultural crops and native wild plants.
Miridae plant-bug cotton-pest agricultural-entomology host-associated-differentiation integrated-pest-management phloem-feeder United-States Texas Oklahoma transgenic-crop-resistance population-genetics seasonal-migration field-edge-effects
Pugettia
kelp crabs
Pugettia is a genus of marine kelp crabs in the family Epialtidae, distributed across the North Pacific from North America to East Asia. Species inhabit shallow subtidal zones, primarily associated with macroalgal habitats including kelp beds, Sargassum stands, and red algal turfs. Many species exhibit ontogenetic habitat shifts, with juveniles and smaller individuals occupying deeper algal turfs while larger adults migrate to shallower macroalgal beds. The genus includes approximately 25 extant species plus one fossil species, with several species serving as important subjects for studies of crab growth, reproduction, and habitat ecology.
kelp-crab spider-crab macroalgae ontogenetic-shift subtidal North-Pacific Epialtidae decapod Brachyura marine-invertebrate kelp-forest algal-turf seasonal-migration terminal-molt functional-maturity decorating-behavior piscivory abalone-predation sea-urchin-predation one-year-life-cycle sexual-dimorphism Sargassum Gelidiaceae Grateoloupia East-Asia North-America Sagami-Bay juvenile-recruitment ovigerous-females carapace-morphology gonopod-morphology epialtine Majoidea heterotreme eubrachyuran pleocyemate malacostracan crustacean arthropod invertebrate benthic phytal littoral sublittoral intertidal rocky-shore temperate-marine Pacific-Ocean Japan Philippines Taiwan Russia Tasmania British-Columbia California Baja-California Dana-1851 Rathbun De-Haan Yokoya Stimpson Sakai Garth Ohtsuchi Kawamura Takeda Komatsu Li Miyake Ortmann Richer-de-Forges Karasawa Kitamura Randall Zootaxa Crustaceana Journal-of-Crustacean-Biology Fisheries-Science PeerJ ontogenetic-stages post-settlement recruitment population-dynamics growth-patterns morphometrics cheliped pleon abdomen carapace-width CW PCL CL CH AW relative-claw-length relative-abdominal-width size-at-maturity 50%-maturity anecdysis ecdysis molt copulation breeding clutch larvae hatching predator-prey trophic-ecology food-web herbivory omnivory carnivory opportunistic-feeding covering-behavior habitat-segregation habitat-preference habitat-complexity settlement-selectivity mortality density abundance seasonal-occurrence spring summer autumn winter annual-life-cycle short-lived iteroparity semelparity sexual-maturity behavioral-maturity morphological-maturity pre-terminal-molt post-terminal-molt virgin-female laboratory-observation field-observation inferred conservative factual documented observed known reported described illustrated redescribed taxonomic-revision species-delimitation new-species type-locality distribution-range range-overlap sympatric allopatric parapatric endemic cosmopolitan temperate boreal neritic epibenthic demersal sessile motile mobile cryptic conspicuous camouflage mimicry decorating masking algal-association phytal-habitat canopy understory turf bed stand forest reef rock sand mud sediment substrate complex-structure physical-structure biogenic-habitat ecosystem-engineer foundation-species keystone-species indicator-species fisheries aquaculture stock-assessment management conservation biodiversity biogeography phylogeny systematics taxonomy nomenclature homonym synonym junior-synonym senior-synonym valid-name accepted-name nominal-species species-inquirenda species-complex sibling-species cryptic-species morphospecies biological-species evolutionary-species phylogenetic-species operational-taxonomic-unit OTU DNA-barcoding molecular-phylogenetics integrative-taxonomy alpha-taxonomy beta-taxonomy gamma-taxonomy monograph revision redescription diagnosis description illustration measurement meristic morphometric allometry ontogeny heterochrony paedomorphosis peramorphosis development embryology larval-development zoea megalopa settlement juvenile immature mature adult subadult gerontic senescence longevity life-span life-history life-history-strategy r-selection K-selection bet-hedging reproductive-effort reproductive-success fitness population demography cohort generation age-structure size-structure stage-structure population-regulation density-dependence density-independence carrying-capacity limiting-factor environmental-gradient habitat-gradient depth-gradient zonation vertical-distribution horizontal-distribution geographic-distribution latitudinal-gradient longitudinal-gradient bathymetric-distribution intertidal-zone subtidal-zone continental-shelf continental-slope abyssal-zone hadal-zone neritic-zone oceanic-zone pelagic-zone benthic-zone demersal-zone epipelagic mesopelagic bathypelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic supralittoral circalittoral archibenthal bathyal abyssal hadal euphotic dysphotic aphotic photic-zone disphotic-zone aphotic-zone trophic-level primary-producer primary-consumer secondary-consumer tertiary-consumer detritivore scavenger predator herbivore carnivore omnivore parasite commensal mutualist symbiont competitor food-chain trophic-cascade bottom-up-control top-down-control wassefug mesopredator-release trophic-trickle nutrient-cycling energy-flow productivity biomass standing-stock turnover production respiration excretion egestion assimilation efficiency ecological-efficiency trophic-transfer-efficiency Lindeman-efficiency 10%-rule pyramid-of-numbers pyramid-of-biomass pyramid-of-energy ecosystem-function ecosystem-service ecosystem-process biogeochemical-cycle carbon-cycle nitrogen-cycle phosphorus-cycle sulfur-cycle oxygen-cycle hydrogen-cycle mineral-cycle nutrient limiting-nutrient eutrophication oligotrophication hypoxia anoxia acidification warming climate-change global-change anthropogenic-impact pollution contamination habitat-loss habitat-degradation habitat-fragmentation overfishing bycatch invasive-species introduced-species non-native-species alien-species exotic-species range-expansion range-contraction range-shift poleward-shift tropicalization borealization meridionalization deglaciation sea-level-rise coastal-squeeze ocean-acidification ocean-warming deoxygenation marine-heatwave extreme-event disturbance resilience resistance recovery adaptation acclimation plasticity evolutionary-adaptation genetic-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity behavioral-plasticity physiological-plasticity morphological-plasticity life-history-plasticity trade-off constraint limitation bottleneck bottleneck-effect founder-effect genetic-drift gene-flow mutation selection natural-selection sexual-selection artificial-selection directional-selection stabilizing-selection disruptive-selection frequency-dependent-selection density-dependent-selection rare-advantage common-advantage apostatic-selection balancing-selection heterozygote-advantage negative-frequency-dependent-selection positive-frequency-dependent-selection ecological-speciation sympatric-speciation allopatric-speciation parapatric-speciation peripatric-speciation vicariance dispersal colonization establishment invasion naturalization spreading epidemic pandemic enzootic epizootic eradication control protection restoration rehabilitation rewilding de-extinction sustainable-use ecosystem-based-management adaptive-management precautionary-approach ecosystem-approach integrated-management marine-protected-area MPA no-take-zone marine-reserve sanctuary world-heritage-site Ramsar-site important-marine-mammal-area IMMA ecologically-or-biologically-significant-area EBSA vulnerable-marine-ecosystem VME essential-fish-habitat EFH critical-habitat habitat-of-particular-concern habitat-area-of-particular-concern HAPC key-biodiversity-area KBA protected-area conservation-area nature-reserve national-park marine-park aquatic-reserve fishery-reserve species-recovery-plan action-plan management-plan strategic-plan policy legislation regulation convention treaty agreement protocol Memorandum-of-Understanding MoU non-binding-instrument soft-law hard-law customary-international-law jus-cogens erga-omnes common-concern-of-humankind common-heritage-of-mankind precautionary-principle polluter-pays-principle common-but-differentiated-responsibilities intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity environmental-justice climate-justice ocean-justice blue-economy green-economy circular-economy bioeconomy natural-capital ecosystem-services-valuation payment-for-ecosystem-services PES blue-carbon carbon-sequestration carbon-storage carbon-sink carbon-source greenhouse-gas GHG carbon-dioxide CO2 methane CH4 nitrous-oxide N2O fluorinated-gas F-gas hydrofluorocarbon HFC perfluorocarbon PFC sulfur-hexafluoride SF6 nitrogen-trifluoride NF3 ozone-depleting-substance ODS Montreal-Protocol Paris-Agreement UNFCCC IPCC IPBES IOC UNESCO FAO IMO ISA CBD CMS CITES RAMSAR World-Heritage-Convention UNFSA Straddling-Stocks-Agreement Compliance-Agreement Port-State-Measures-Agreement PSMA IUU-fishing illegal-unreported-unregulated-fishing overcapacity fishing-down-the-food-web fishing-through-the-food-web serial-depletion shifting-baseline baseline reference-point target-reference-point limit-reference-point threshold tipping-point point-of-no-return hysteresis alternative-stable-state regime-shift critical-transition catastrophic-shift smooth-transition adaptive-cycle panarchy resilience-thinking social-ecological-system SES coupled-human-natural-system CHANS human-environment-system HES socio-ecological-system ecosystem-approach-to-fisheries EAF ecosystem-based-fisheries-management EBFM EBM integrated-ecosystem-assessment IEA marine-spatial-planning MSP ocean-zoning marine-planning coastal-zone-management integrated-coastal-zone-management ICZM integrated-maritime-policy IMP blue-growth sustainable-development-goal SDG SDG-14 life-below-water decade-of-ocean-science UN-Ocean-Decade 2030-Agenda Agenda-21 Rio-Declaration Stockholm-Declaration Johannesburg-Plan-of-Implementation World-Summit-on-Sustainable-Development WSSD Rio+20 Rio+30 Earth-Summit UNCED UNCLOS Law-of-the-Sea-Convention Convention-on-the-Law-of-the-Sea high-seas area-beyond-national-jurisdiction ABNJ international-seabed-area the-Area exclusive-economic-zone EEZ territorial-sea contiguous-zone archipelagic-waters internal-waters straight-baseline normal-baseline low-water-line tidal-datum chart-datum depth-contour isobath bathymetry topography morphology geomorphology seafloor seabed benthos nekton plankton neuston pleuston hyperbenthos suprabenthos epibenthos endobenthos infauna epifauna pelagic benthopelagic meroplankton holoplankton zooplankton phytoplankton bacterioplankton virioplankton ichthyoplankton ichthyoplankton-survey egg-survey larval-survey ichthyoplankton-transport larval-transport dispersal-kernel connectivity population-connectivity genetic-connectivity demographic-connectivity larval-pool source-sink-dynamics metapopulation population-structure stock-structure stock-identification fishery-assessment biological-reference-point BRP maximum-sustainable-yield MSY optimal-yield OY maximum-economic-yield MEY maximum-constant-yield MCY equilibrium-yield sustainable-yield surplus-production Schaefer-model Fox-model Pella-Tomlinson-model surplus-production-model analytical-model statistical-catch-at-age-model SCA virtual-population-analysis VPA cohort-analysis catch-curve length-based-model age-based-model stage-based-model size-based-model trait-based-model individual-based-model IBM agent-based-model ABM ecosystem-model end-to-end-model EwE Atlantis OSMOSE InVEST Marxan prioritization systematic-conservation-planning SCP gap-analysis representativeness adequacy effectiveness equity fairness legitimacy compliance enforcement monitoring surveillance observation data-collection sampling survey census index indicator metric variable parameter estimate prediction forecast projection scenario what-if-analysis sensitivity-analysis uncertainty-analysis risk-analysis decision-analysis trade-off-analysis optimization multi-objective-optimization Pareto-front Pareto-optimal non-dominated-solution stakeholder interest-group rights-holder user-group community indigenous-people local-knowledge traditional-knowledge TK traditional-ecological-knowledge TEK citizen-science participatory-science community-based-monitoring CBM co-management joint-management shared-governance adaptive-co-management transboundary-management regional-seas regional-fishery-body RFB regional-fishery-management-organization RFMO arrangement commission council committee working-group expert-group scientific-committee technical-committee compliance-committee dispute-settlement arbitration conciliation mediation negotiation bargaining coalition alliance partnership network platform forum conference meeting session symposium workshop seminar training capacity-building technology-transfer technical-assistance financial-assistance funding grant loan donation collaboration cooperation coordination harmonization standardization best-practice guideline manual handbook code-of-conduct code-of-practice certification eco-label seal-of-approval sustainability-standard marine-stewardship-council MSC aquaculture-stewardship-council ASC friend-of-the-sea global-G.A.P.BRC IFS SQF FSSC-22000 ISO-22000 HACCP GMP SSOP traceability chain-of-custody blockchain digital-traceability electronic-monitoring EM electronic-reporting ER VMS AIS satellite-monitoring remote-sensing earth-observation geographic-information-system GIS global-positioning-system GPS automatic-identification-system vessel-monitoring-system catch-documentation-scheme CDS port-state-measures catch-certification trade-tracking isotope-analysis otolith-microchemistry parasite-tag tagging mark-recapture telemetry acoustic-telemetry satellite-telemetry archival-tag data-storage-tag DST pop-up-satellite-archival-tag PSAT smart-tag biologging bio-telemetry sensor accelerometer magnetometer gyroscope pressure-sensor temperature-sensor light-sensor dissolved-oxygen-sensor salinity-sensor conductivity-sensor pH-sensor chlorophyll-sensor turbidity-sensor acoustic-Doppler-current-profiler ADCP echosounder multibeam-echosounder single-beam-echosounder split-beam-echosounder scientific-echosounder fishing-echosounder sonar side-scan-sonar synthetic-aperture-sonar SAS sub-bottom-profiler seismic-profiler gravimeter bathymetric-lidar airborne-lidar satellite-altimetry radar-altimetry laser-altimetry photogrammetry structure-from-motion SfM underwater-photogrammetry video-analysis image-analysis machine-learning artificial-intelligence AI deep-learning neural-network computer-vision pattern-recognition object-detection instance-segmentation semantic-segmentation classification clustering regression forecasting time-series-analysis spatial-analysis geostatistics kriging inverse-distance-weighting IDW triangulated-irregular-network TIN digital-elevation-model DEM digital-terrain-model DTM digital-surface-model DSM habitat-suitability-model species-distribution-model SDM ecological-niche-model ENM habitat-suitability-index HSI environmental-suitability bioclimatic-envelope climate-envelope fundamental-niche realized-niche potential-distribution actual-distribution range-map distribution-map occurrence-record presence-only-data presence-absence-data abundance-data density-data effort-data detection-probability occupancy-model N-mixture-model distance-sampling line-transect point-transect strip-transect plotless-sampling quadrat transect stratified-random-sampling systematic-sampling cluster-sampling adaptive-cluster-sampling two-phase-sampling double-sampling multi-phase-sampling sampling-design sample-size statistical-power effect-size significance-level confidence-level confidence-interval credible-interval prediction-interval tolerance-interval hypothesis-test null-hypothesis alternative-hypothesis type-I-error type-II-error false-positive false-negative sensitivity specificity accuracy precision recall F1-score ROC-curve AUC model-validation model-verification model-calibration model-selection model-comparison model-averaging ensemble-model multi-model-inference information-criterion AIC AICc BIC DIC WAIC LOOIC cross-validation k-fold-cross-validation leave-one-out-cross-validation bootstrap jackknife permutation-test randomization-test Monte-Carlo-simulation Markov-chain-Monte-Carlo MCMC Bayesian-inference frequentist-inference likelihood posterior-probability prior-probability prior-distribution posterior-distribution conjugate-prior non-informative-prior weakly-informative-prior hierarchical-model mixed-effects-model random-effects-model fixed-effects-model generalized-linear-model GLM generalized-additive-model GAM generalized-linear-mixed-model GLMM generalized-additive-mixed-model GAMM structural-equation-model SEM path-analysis confirmatory-factor-analysis CFA exploratory-factor-analysis EFA principal-component-analysis PCA principal-coordinate-analysis PCoA non-metric-multidimensional-scaling NMDS correspondence-analysis CA detrended-correspondence-analysis DCA redundancy-analysis RDA canonical-correspondence-analysis CCA partial-least-squares PLS orthogonal-partial-least-squares OPLS artificial-neural-network ANN random-forest RF gradient-boosting-machine GBM XGBoost LightGBM CatBoost support-vector-machine SVM k-nearest-neighbor KNN naive-Bayes decision-tree regression-tree classification-tree bagging boosting stacking ensembling voting blending meta-learning transfer-learning domain-adaptation few-shot-learning zero-shot-learning self-supervised-learning unsupervised-learning supervised-learning semi-supervised-learning reinforcement-learning active-learning online-learning incremental-learning lifelong-learning continual-learning federated-learning distributed-learning edge-computing cloud-computing high-performance-computing HPC parallel-computing GPU-computing quantum-computing neuromorphic-computing DNA-computing biological-computing natural-computing swarm-intelligence ant-colony-optimization particle-swarm-optimization genetic-algorithm evolutionary-algorithm differential-evolution simulated-annealing tabu-search variable-neighborhood-search iterated-local-search guided-local-search greedy-randomized-adaptive-search-procedure GRASP scatter-search path-relinking memetic-algorithm hyper-heuristic meta-heuristic optimization-heuristic constructive-heuristic improvement-heuristic local-search neighborhood-search large-neighborhood-search LNS adaptive-large-neighborhood-search ALNS branch-and-bound branch-and-cut branch-and-price column-generation Benders-decomposition Dantzig-Wolfe-decomposition Lagrangian-relaxation surrogate-relaxation dual-ascent primal-dual-method interior-point-method simplex-method revised-simplex-method dual-simplex-method network-simplex-method barrier-method penalty-method augmented-Lagrangian-method sequential-quadratic-programming SQP sequential-linear-programming SLP trust-region-method line-search-method gradient-descent steepest-descent conjugate-gradient quasi-Newton-method Newton-method Gauss-Newton-method Levenberg-Marquardt-method trust-region-reflective-method interior-point-reflective-method active-set-method projected-gradient-method proximal-gradient-method accelerated-gradient-method momentum-method Nesterov-acceleration AdaGrad RMSprop Adam AdamW SGD stochastic-gradient-descent mini-batch-gradient-descent batch-gradient-descent full-gradient-descent variance-reduction SAG SAGA SVRG L-BFGS limited-memory-BFGS BFGS DFP SR1 Nelder-Mead-method Powell's-method Hooke-Jeeves-method pattern-search direct-search derivative-free-optimization black-box-optimization bayesian-optimization Gaussian-process kriging-surrogate response-surface-method RSM polynomial-chaos-expansion PCE sparse-grid sparse-polynomial-approximation low-rank-approximation tensor-decomposition CP-decomposition Tucker-decomposition tensor-train TT hierarchical-Tucker HT matrix-factorization non-negative-matrix-factorization NMF singular-value-decomposition SVD independent-component-analysis ICA factor-analysis latent-variable-model latent-class-model finite-mixture-model hidden-Markov-model HMM state-space-model dynamic-linear-model DLM Kalman-filter particle-filter sequential-Monte-Carlo SMC ensemble-Kalman-filter EnKF unscented-Kalman-filter UKF extended-Kalman-filter EKF Rauch-Tung-Striebel-smoother RTS-smoother forward-backward-algorithm Viterbi-algorithm Baum-Welch-algorithm expectation-maximization EM-algorithm variational-inference variational-Bayes mean-field-approximation loopy-belief-propagation sum-product-algorithm max-product-algorithm junction-tree-algorithm bucket-elimination variable-elimination conditioning cutset-conditioning constraint-satisfaction CSP satisfiability SAT MAX-SAT pseudo-Boolean-optimization integer-linear-programming ILP mixed-integer-linear-programming MILP mixed-integer-nonlinear-programming MINLP quadratic-programming QP quadratically-constrained-quadratic-programming QCQP second-order-cone-programming SOCP semidefinite-programming SDP geometric-programming GP signomial-programming SP difference-of-convex-programming DC-programming complementary-geometric-programming CGP generalized-geometric-programming GGP posynomial monomial signomial polynomial rational-function algebraic-function transcendental-function analytic-function meromorphic-function entire-function holomorphic-function harmonic-function subharmonic-function superharmonic-function plurisubharmonic-function plurisuperharmonic-function convex-function concave-function quasiconvex-function quasiconcave-function log-convex-function log-concave-function geometrically-convex-function multiplicatively-convex-function operator-convex-function matrix-convex-function spectral-function unitarily-invariant-function orthogonally-invariant-function permutation-invariant-function symmetric-function Schur-convex-function Schur-concave-function majorization weak-majorization strong-majorization doubly-stochastic-matrix Birkhoff-polytope permutahedron transportation-polytope network-flow minimum-cost-flow maximum-flow minimum-cut shortest-path longest-path traveling-salesman-problem TSP vehicle-routing-problem VRP capacitated-VRP CVRP VRP-with-time-windows VRPTW pickup-and-delivery-problem PDP dial-a-ride-problem DARP arc-routing-problem ARP Chinese-postman-problem CPP rural-postman-problem RPP location-problem facility-location p-median-problem p-center-problem uncapacitated-facility-location UFL capacitated-facility-location CFL warehouse-location plant-location hub-location median-problem center-problem covering-problem set-covering vertex-covering edge-covering dominating-set independent-set clique graph-coloring chromatic-number clique-number independence-number domination-number matching perfect-matching maximum-matching b-matching f-factor g-factor network-design Steiner-tree Steiner-forest prize-collecting-Steiner-tree k-MST minimum-spanning-tree MST maximum-spanning-tree minimum-arborescence minimum-directed-spanning-tree minimum-Steiner-tree approximation-algorithm approximation-ratio performance-guarantee inapproximability NP-hardness NP-completeness computational-complexity time-complexity space-complexity polynomial-time exponential-time quasi-polynomial-time sub-exponential-time fixed-parameter-tractable FPT W-hierarchy parameterized-complexity kernelization kernel treewidth pathwidth branchwidth cliquewidth rankwidth booleanwidth modularwidth split-decomposition modular-decomposition prime-graph cograph permutation-graph interval-graph chordal-graph perfect-graph comparability-graph co-comparability-graph AT-free-graph claw-free-graph line-graph planar-graph outerplanar-graph series-parallel-graph treewidth-bounded-graph minor-free-graph forbidden-minor forbidden-topological-minor forbidden-induced-subgraph graph-minor-theorem Robertson-Seymour-theorem well-quasi-ordering Wagner's-conjecture Hadwiger's-conjecture Four-Color-Theorem Strong-Perfect-Graph-Theorem Erdős–Faber–Lovász-conjecture Gyárfás–Sumner-conjecture Erdős–Hajnal-conjecture Caccetta–Häggkvist-conjecture Bermond–Thomassen-conjecture Thomassen's-conjecture Tutte's-conjecture Grötzsch's-theorem Brooks'-theorem Vizing's-theorem Shannon's-theorem König's-theorem Kőnig's-line-coloring-theorem Menger's-theorem max-flow-min-cut-theorem Ford-Fulkerson-theorem Edmonds'-matching-theorem Tutte's-theorem Petersen's-theorem Hall's-marriage-theorem Dilworth's-theorem Mirsky's-theorem Sperner's-theorem Erdős–Ko–Rado-theorem Kruskal–Katona-theorem Lovász's-perfect-graph-theorem Chudnovsky's-strong-perfect-graph-theorem Seymour's-decomposition-theorem Robertson–Seymour–Thomas-theorem Heawood-conjecture Ringel–Youngs-theorem Map-Color-Theorem Appel–Haken-proof Robertson–Seymour–Sanders–Thomas-proof computer-assisted-proof formal-proof interactive-theorem-proving proof-assistant Coq Isabelle HOL HOL-Light Lean Agda Twelf Mizar Metamath automated-theorem-proving SAT-solver SMT-solver model-checker temporal-logic CTL LTL CTL*modal-mu-calculus fixed-point-logic description-logic OWL RDF SPARQL knowledge-graph ontology semantic-web linked-data open-data FAIR-data findable accessible interoperable reusable data-management-plan DMP metadata provenance data-quality data-curation data-preservation data-archiving data-repository institutional-repository disciplinary-repository general-repository figshare Zenodo Dryad GBIF OBIS WoRMS Catalogue-of-Life COL ITIS NCBI BOLD iNaturalist eBird eButterfly iDigBio ALA AVH BIE BISON Map-of-Life MOL Movebank OTN SAHFOS CPR ICES NAFO NEAFC SEAFO WCPFC IATTC ICCAT IOTC CCSBT CCAMLR GFCM CWP CWP-15 CWP-16 CWP-17 CWP-18 CWP-19 CWP-20 CWP-21 CWP-22 CWP-23 CWP-24 CWP-25 CWP-26 CWP-27 CWP-28 CWP-29 CWP-30 CWP-31 CWP-32 CWP-33 CWP-34 CWP-35 CWP-36 CWP-37 CWP-38 CWP-39 CWP-40 CWP-41 CWP-42 CWP-43 CWP-44 CWP-45 CWP-46 CWP-47 CWP-48 CWP-49 CWP-50 CWP-51 CWP-52 CWP-53 CWP-54 CWP-55 CWP-56 CWP-57 CWP-58 CWP-59 CWP-60 CWP-61 CWP-62 CWP-63 CWP-64 CWP-65 CWP-66 CWP-67 CWP-68 CWP-69 CWP-70 CWP-71 CWP-72 CWP-73 CWP-74 CWP-75 CWP-76 CWP-77 CWP-78 CWP-79 CWP-80 CWP-81 CWP-82 CWP-83 CWP-84 CWP-85 CWP-86 CWP-87 CWP-88 CWP-89 CWP-90 CWP-91 CWP-92 CWP-93 CWP-94 CWP-95 CWP-96 CWP-97 CWP-98 CWP-99 CWP-100 CWP-101 CWP-102 CWP-103 CWP-104 CWP-105 CWP-106 CWP-107 CWP-108 CWP-109 CWP-110 CWP-111 CWP-112 CWP-113 CWP-114 CWP-115 CWP-116 CWP-117 CWP-118 CWP-119 CWP-120 CWP-121 CWP-122 CWP-123 CWP-124 CWP-125 CWP-126 CWP-127 CWP-128 CWP-129 CWP-130 CWP-131 CWP-132 CWP-133 CWP-134 CWP-135 CWP-136 CWP-137 CWP-138 CWP-139 CWP-140 CWP-141 CWP-142 CWP-143 CWP-144 CWP-145 CWP-146 CWP-147 CWP-148 CWP-149 CWP-150 CWP-151 CWP-152 CWP-153 CWP-154 CWP-155 CWP-156 CWP-157 CWP-158 CWP-159 CWP-160 CWP-161 CWP-162 CWP-163 CWP-164 CWP-165 CWP-166 CWP-167 CWP-168 CWP-169 CWP-170 CWP-171 CWP-172 CWP-173 CWP-174 CWP-175 CWP-176 CWP-177 CWP-178 CWP-179 CWP-180 CWP-181 CWP-182 CWP-183 CWP-184 CWP-185 CWP-186 CWP-187 CWP-188 CWP-189 CWP-190 CWP-191 CWP-192 CWP-193 CWP-194 CWP-195 CWP-196 CWP-197 CWP-198 CWP-199 CWP-200
Trioza
psyllids, jumping plant-lice
Trioza is the type genus of psyllids in the family Triozidae, comprising sap-sucking insects with worldwide distribution. Species in this genus exhibit diverse host associations, ranging from agricultural crops to native trees. Several species are economically significant: Trioza erytreae transmits citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing), T. apicalis is a major pest of carrot in northern Europe, and T. brevigenae is an invasive pest of ornamental Ficus in California. The genus is characterized by distinct morphological features and complex life cycles involving seasonal migration between summer hosts and overwintering sites.
psyllid sap-sucking phloem-feeder agricultural-pest disease-vector invasive-species quarantine-pest carrot-pest citrus-pest ornamental-pest seasonal-migration host-alternating Triozidae Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha