Specialist-pollinator
Guides
Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
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astragali
Death Camas Mining Bee, Death Camas Bee, Death Camas Andrena
Andrena astragali is a solitary mining bee in the family Andrenidae, native to North America. It is remarkable for its specialized association with highly toxic plants in the genus Toxicoscordion (death camas), whose alkaloid zygacine is lethal to most other bees. The species was first described in 1914 from a specimen collected on Astragalus in Nebraska, though its primary host plants were later discovered to be Toxicoscordion species. It is considered the only bee species known to tolerate death camas toxins, making it a unique example of pollinator-plant coevolution involving chemical defense.
Andrena cornelli
Azalea Mining Bee, azalea miner
Andrena cornelli is a solitary mining bee in the family Andrenidae, commonly known as the Azalea Mining Bee. It is the only known bee species that is oligolectic on azalea (Rhododendron spp.), meaning it exclusively collects pollen from this plant genus. The species possesses widely spaced scopa hairs on its hind legs, an adaptation that allows it to carry the distinctive sticky pollen of azaleas. It is found in North America and is of ecological interest due to its highly specialized pollination relationship.
Ceratina sequoiae
small carpenter bee
Ceratina sequoiae is a small carpenter bee in the family Apidae, described by Michener in 1936. It is native to North America and has been documented as a specialist pollinator of Clarkia flowers. Like other members of the genus Ceratina, it is a solitary bee that nests in pithy or hollow plant stems. The species is part of a broader group of small carpenter bees that contribute to wild bee diversity and ecosystem function, though specific ecological studies on this species remain limited.
Chelostoma phaceliae
Chelostoma phaceliae is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, described by Michener in 1938. Like other members of the genus Chelostoma, it is a specialist bee with narrow ecological associations. The species is native to North America and is part of the diverse assemblage of solitary bees that provide essential pollination services without forming social colonies.
Colletes validus
Blueberry Cellophane Bee
Colletes validus is a solitary, ground-nesting bee in the family Colletidae, commonly known as the blueberry cellophane bee. It is a specialist pollinator of ericaceous plants, particularly in early spring when Vaccinium species bloom. The species exhibits gregarious nesting behavior in sandy soils and is notable for its distinctive elongated, triangular facial structure.
Diadasia australis californica
Diadasia australis californica is a subspecies of ground-nesting bee in the family Apidae, described by Timberlake in 1940. The genus Diadasia comprises specialist bees that typically forage on specific plant families, with many species associated with morning glories (Convolvulaceae) or cacti. As a subspecies of Diadasia australis, it is native to western North America. The specific epithet "californica" indicates its occurrence in California.
Diadasia enavata
Sunflower Chimney Bee
Diadasia enavata, commonly known as the sunflower chimney bee, is a solitary ground-nesting bee in the family Apidae. It is a specialist pollinator restricted to plants in the Asteraceae family, and has been documented pollinating Coreopsis tinctoria. The species occurs across Central America and North America. Like other Diadasia species, it constructs burrows in soil, often with distinctive turret-like structures at the entrance.
Dieunomia
Dieunomia is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae, containing approximately nine described species. These bees are among the largest in their family, second only to the genus Nomia. They are relatively uncommon and exhibit specialized ecological relationships with their pollen sources.
Dufourea monardae
Beebalm Shortface Bee, monarda dufourea
A small sweat bee in the family Halictidae, commonly known as the Beebalm Shortface Bee. Females measure approximately 7 mm, males 6–7 mm. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in head shape, with females having a strongly protuberant face and males possessing a longer head. It is an oligolectic specialist, collecting pollen exclusively from bee balm plants (Monarda spp.). Active primarily during July and August across its North American range.
Dufourea mulleri
Phacelia Shortface
Dufourea mulleri is a small sweat bee in the family Halictidae, commonly known as the Phacelia Shortface. It is a specialist pollinator with a documented association with plants in the genus Phacelia. The species occurs in North America and is one of the more frequently observed members of its genus.
Dufourea pulchricornis
Dufourea pulchricornis is a species of short-faced bee in the family Halictidae, first described by Cockerell in 1916. It belongs to a genus of solitary bees that are typically associated with specific host plants. The species epithet "pulchricornis" refers to the beautiful or handsome antennae. Like other members of the genus Dufourea, this species is likely oligolectic, specializing on pollen from a narrow range of host plants.
Habropoda laboriosa
Southeastern Blueberry Bee, Blueberry Digger Bee
Habropoda laboriosa is a solitary ground-nesting bee in the family Apidae, native to the eastern United States. It is an oligolectic specialist pollinator of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), for which it is the most efficient known pollinator due to its buzz pollination behavior. The species is active for only 3-5 weeks annually, synchronized with early spring blueberry bloom. It nests in aggregations in sandy soils and has been estimated to provide $20 per individual in blueberry pollination services.
Hesperapis rufipes
Woollystar Evening Bee, Hugelia Evening Bee
Hesperapis rufipes is a species of hairy-footed bee in the family Melittidae, one of the most primitive families of bees. The species is found in North America and is known by the common names Woollystar Evening Bee and Hugelia Evening Bee. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits morphological adaptations associated with its common name, including dense hair on the legs. The species is part of a small genus of specialist bees with restricted distributions and specific host-plant associations.
Hoplitis anthocopoides
Viper's Bugloss Small-Mason
Hoplitis anthocopoides is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae. It is a specialist pollinator of Echium vulgare (viper's bugloss), using this plant for both pollen/nectar collection and leaf material for nest construction. Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities using cut leaf pieces, creating linear series of 6-10 cells. Males exhibit territorial behavior, defending flower patches to gain access to females. The species has a broad distribution across Africa, Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America.
Macropis nuda
Dark-footed Yellow Loosestrife Bee
Macropis nuda is a small, ground-nesting solitary bee in the family Melittidae, native to northern North America. It is a highly specialized oligolectic species that forages exclusively for floral oils and pollen from Lysimachia ciliata (Primulaceae). The bee exhibits unique adaptations for oil collection, including dense white scopae on the posterior tibiae that use capillary action to hold oils. It is univoltine, with offspring hibernating as pupae in cocoons until the following spring.
Melitta
Blunt-horn Bees
Melitta is a genus of solitary bees in the family Melittidae, comprising approximately 40 species distributed across Africa and the northern temperate zone. Most species are Palaearctic in distribution, with three rare species occurring in North America. These bees are commonly known as Blunt-horn Bees and are characterized by their specialized ecological associations with particular host plants.
Peponapis crassidentata
Peponapis crassidentata is a species of solitary bee in the family Apidae, tribe Eucerini. It belongs to the genus Peponapis, commonly known as squash bees, which are specialist pollinators of plants in the family Cucurbitaceae. The species was described by Cockerell in 1951. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with cucurbit flowers, though specific ecological details for this species are limited in available sources.
Perdita calochorti
Perdita calochorti is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Timberlake in 1956. The specific epithet 'calochorti' suggests an association with Calochortus, a genus of flowering plants commonly known as mariposa lilies or cat's ears. Like other members of the genus Perdita, it is a solitary bee native to North America. The species is represented by minimal observation records, with only one documented iNaturalist observation.
Perdita ericameriae
Perdita ericameriae is a small mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Timberlake in 1958. The species epithet "ericameriae" suggests a host-plant association with Ericameria, a genus of shrubs in the sunflower family. Like other Perdita species, it is a solitary, ground-nesting bee native to North America. The genus Perdita comprises some of the smallest bees in North America, with many species showing strong floral specialization.
Perdita fallugiae
Apache Plume Fairy Bee
Perdita fallugiae is a small solitary bee in the family Andrenidae, commonly known as the Apache Plume Fairy Bee. The species was described by Timberlake in 1956. It is found in North America and is associated with Apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa), a flowering shrub native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. As a member of the genus Perdita, it is likely a specialist pollinator with a narrow host-plant range.
Perdita halictoides
Ground-cherry Fairy Bee, Ground-cherry Perdita, Sweatbee-like Miner Bee
Perdita halictoides is a small mining bee in the family Andrenidae, commonly known as the ground-cherry fairy bee or sweatbee-like miner bee. The species is found in North America and belongs to a genus of over 800 species of small, often brightly colored bees. Members of the genus Perdita are solitary, ground-nesting bees that typically specialize on particular host plants for pollen collection.
Perdita heliotropii
Heliotrope Fairy Bee
Perdita heliotropii is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Cockerell in 1900. The common name "Heliotrope Fairy Bee" reflects its association with heliotrope plants. As a member of the genus Perdita, it belongs to a diverse group of small, solitary bees native to North America. The species epithet "heliotropii" indicates a likely host-plant specialization on Heliotropium species.
Perdita pilonotata
Perdita pilonotata is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Timberlake in 1980. It belongs to the large genus Perdita, which contains over 800 species of small, solitary bees native to North America. Members of this genus are typically specialist pollinators with narrow host plant associations. The species epithet 'pilonotata' refers to distinctive pilose (hairy) markings.
Perdita punctosignata
Perdita punctosignata is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, first described by Cockerell in 1895. It is one of approximately 800 described species in the genus Perdita, which comprises small, solitary bees native to North America. The species is known to occur in both Central America and North America, with three recognized subspecies distinguished primarily by coloration. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a specialist pollinator, though specific host plant associations remain undocumented.
Perdita trisignata
Lotus Fairy Bee
Perdita trisignata is a small, solitary mining bee in the family Andrenidae, first described by Cockerell in 1896. The species is known by the common name Lotus Fairy Bee. It belongs to a genus of approximately 800 species of small bees found primarily in North America. Members of the genus Perdita are typically specialist pollinators associated with particular host plants. The specific epithet 'trisignata' likely refers to three distinctive markings on the body.
Protandrena
mining bees
Protandrena is a genus of solitary mining bees in the family Andrenidae, containing 50–180 described species depending on taxonomic circumscription. Most species nest underground in sunny areas with sparse vegetation, constructing cells lined with a protective chemical 'wallpaper' that inhibits fungal and bacterial growth. The genus exhibits diverse social structures, with most species solitary but some forming nest aggregations and at least one species (P. evansi) exhibiting communal nesting. Activity is primarily from May to October in temperate regions, with some southern populations active earlier.
Ptilothrix bombiformis
Hibiscus bee, Eastern digger bee, Hibiscus turret bee
Ptilothrix bombiformis is a solitary ground-nesting bee in the family Apidae, commonly known as the hibiscus bee or eastern digger bee. It is one of only two species of the genus Ptilothrix found in the United States, with a distribution centered in the eastern half of North America. The species is notable for its specialized association with mallow family plants (Malvaceae), particularly Hibiscus species, and for its distinctive nesting behavior involving water transport to excavate hard soil. Females construct turreted nest entrances and are active primarily during summer months when host plants are in bloom.
Trachusa larreae
Trachusa larreae is a solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, tribe Anthidiini. It is an oligolectic specialist pollinator of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), with documented nesting biology and immature stages. The species occurs in arid regions of North and Central America where its host plant is present.
Xenoglossa strenua
Nimble Squash Bee
Xenoglossa strenua is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae, native to North and Central America. It is an oligolectic pollinator specialized on the cucurbit family (Cucurbitaceae), including pumpkins, squash, gourds, cucumbers, and zucchini. The species is active early in the morning, visiting flowers as soon as they open, before most other bee species begin foraging.