Oak-woodland
Guides
Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
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californica
California sister
Adelpha californica, the California sister, is a butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae found in western North America. Adults are active from March through November, with one to three generations per year depending on conditions. The species is unpalatable to predators and serves as the model for a large mimicry complex involving other butterflies. Larvae feed exclusively on oaks (Quercus), particularly canyon live oak and coast live oak.
Agrilus arizonicus
Agrilus arizonicus is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by Obenberger in 1936. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in coloration: males are bright green, while females appear more coppery. It has been documented from southeastern Arizona in the United States and likely extends into Mexico. The species is associated with oak woodlands and has been collected from Desmodium vegetation.
Carmenta tecta
mistletoe stem borer
Carmenta tecta is a clearwing moth in the family Sesiidae, described by Henry Edwards in 1882. It is commonly known as the mistletoe stem borer due to its larval association with mistletoe plants. The species is documented from the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona. Its biology is closely tied to oak-mistletoe ecosystems.
Cosmia calami
American Dun-bar Moth
Cosmia calami, commonly known as the American Dun-bar Moth, is a noctuid moth species native to North America. The species is notable for its carnivorous larval stage, which preys on geometrid caterpillars rather than consuming plant material. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 32 mm. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning from the Pacific Northwest to the eastern United States.
Dendrotettix quercus
post oak grasshopper, post-oak locust
Dendrotettix quercus is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, native to North America. It is commonly known as the post oak grasshopper or post-oak locust. The species is associated with oak-dominated habitats, particularly those featuring post oak (Quercus stellata). As a member of the Melanoplinae subfamily, it belongs to a diverse group of grasshoppers often associated with woody vegetation and forest edges rather than open grasslands.
Disholcaspis prehensa
clasping twig gall wasp
Disholcaspis prehensa is a gall-inducing cynipid wasp native to California that induces distinctive galls on scrub oak and leather oak. The species exhibits heterogony, alternating between sexual and asexual generations that produce two morphologically different gall types. The asexual generation forms conspicuous mushroom-shaped twig galls with clasping bases, while the sexual generation produces small, hidden bud galls.
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oslari
Oslar's eacles, Oslar's Imperial Moth
Eacles oslari is a large silk moth in the family Saturniidae, native to the Sky Islands region of southeastern Arizona and adjacent northern Mexico. Adults display variable wing coloration ranging from yellow to purple-brown. The species was described by Walter Rothschild in 1907 and named after Ernest J. Oslar, the first entomology curator of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. Adults are active during the summer monsoon season and are known to be vulnerable to bat predation.
Enoclerus bimaculatus
two-spotted checkered beetle
Enoclerus bimaculatus is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, found in North America. The species is characterized by two distinct spots on the elytra. As a member of the genus Enoclerus—the largest genus in the Cleridae family in North America north of Mexico—this beetle is a predator of other woodboring beetles, particularly bark beetles in the weevil subfamily Scolytinae. The species was first described by Skinner in 1905.
Ethmia hagenella
Ethmia hagenella is a small moth in the family Ethmiidae (formerly placed in Depressariidae), found in Texas and New Mexico. The species has two recognized subspecies with distinct geographic ranges and adult flight periods. It is one of approximately 50 Ethmia species occurring north of Mexico, most of which are concentrated in the southwestern United States.
Ethmia monticola
Gray Ethmia Moth
Ethmia monticola, the gray ethmia moth, is a small moth in the family Depressariidae found across western North America. Adults are active from May to July and are characterized by their slate gray forewings with conspicuous black markings. The species exhibits considerable geographic variation across its range, with three recognized subspecies occupying distinct regions from the Pacific Northwest to the southern Rocky Mountains and eastern North America.
Ethmia zelleriella
Zeller's Ethmia Moth
Ethmia zelleriella is a small moth in the family Ethmiidae (formerly placed in Depressariidae or Coleophoridae) found in eastern North America. Adults are active primarily in spring and early summer, with evidence of a second generation in some regions. The species is associated with oak woodlands and foothill habitats, where larvae feed on Phacelia species (Boraginaceae). The moth has distinctive black-and-white patterned forewings and is one of approximately 50 Ethmia species occurring north of Mexico.
Habrodais
Habrodais is a genus of small butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, containing two species restricted to western North America. The genus was established by Scudder in 1876. Both species are associated with oak woodlands and have specialized ecological relationships with their host plants.
Pachybrachis convictus
Pachybrachis convictus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, described by Fall in 1915. The genus Pachybrachis is among the largest genera of North American leaf beetles, with species typically associated with woody vegetation. This species has been documented in the southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona. Like other members of the genus, it is likely associated with oaks and related woody plants, though specific host records for this species are not well documented.
Pachybrachis madera
Pachybrachis madera is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, described by Robert J. Barney in 2019. The species epithet refers to Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona, the type locality where specimens were collected. Like other members of the genus Pachybrachis, it belongs to the subfamily Cryptocephalinae. The species is known from oak-juniper woodland habitats in southeastern Arizona.
Pachybrachis tacitus
A small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, described by Fall in 1915. Like other members of the genus Pachybrachis, this species is part of a diverse group of case-bearing leaf beetles found in North America. The species is documented from limited collection records, with observations spanning the southwestern United States.
Pachyschelus secedens
Pachyschelus secedens is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with confirmed records from the southwestern United States including Arizona. Field observations indicate it is associated with Desmodium species, on which it has been collected by beating vegetation.
Papaipema marginidens
brick-red borer moth, Wild Yam and Rattlesnake-master Borer Moths
Papaipema marginidens, known as the brick-red borer moth, is a noctuid moth native to eastern North America. It inhabits open oak woodlands and rocky barrens with herbaceous undergrowth, particularly near streams. The species is listed as endangered in Connecticut, reflecting habitat vulnerability in parts of its range.
Pelegrina arizonensis
Pelegrina arizonensis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae. Despite its name, the species is not known from Arizona; confirmed records exist from Mexico, New Mexico, Texas, and Colorado. Males exhibit a metallic blue-black coloration with a distinctive entirely yellow fringe of hairs on the front legs, while females are larger and display a yellowish appearance with spots and stripes on the abdomen. The species inhabits oak woodland understory at elevations between 5,000 and 7,000 feet.
Phidippus arizonensis
Phidippus arizonensis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae. Despite its name, it is not known from Arizona. Males average slightly over 9 mm in body length and exhibit a metallic blue-black coloration with a distinctive entirely yellow fringe of hairs on the front legs. Females are larger, reaching up to 13.4 mm, and have a yellowish appearance with spots and stripes on the abdomen. The species has been documented as a probable state record in Colorado, expanding its known range.
Pleocoma badia hirsuta
Pleocoma badia hirsuta is a subspecies of rain beetle in the family Pleocomidae, described by Davis in 1934. Like other Pleocomidae, adults are active during autumn rains and exhibit strong sexual dimorphism with flightless females. The subspecific epithet 'hirsuta' suggests increased hairiness relative to the nominate subspecies. It is one of several subspecies within the P. badia species complex found in western North America.
Promecognathus
Promecognathus is a genus of ground beetles comprising two described species, P. laevissimus and P. crassus. These beetles are specialist predators of cyanide-producing flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae. They possess exceptional physiological tolerance to hydrogen cyanide, surviving doses 7–15 times greater than those lethal to other carabid beetles. This tolerance allows them to attack millipedes directly without behavioral avoidance of chemical defenses, representing the first documented case of cyanide tolerance in predatory insects.
Promecognissimus laevissimus
smooth millipede hunter
Promecognathus laevissimus is a ground beetle specializing in predation on cyanide-producing millipedes. It possesses exceptional physiological tolerance to hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde, toxins that incapacitate most other predators. The species exhibits unique prey-handling behaviors and has been extensively studied for its biochemical resistance mechanisms, which may have potential applications in human medicine for cyanide poisoning treatment.
Proserpinus clarkiae
Clark's sphinx
Proserpinus clarkiae, known as Clark's sphinx, is a small sphinx moth in the family Sphingidae. It occurs in western North America from British Columbia to Baja California and eastward to the Rocky Mountain states. Adults fly in spring and feed on nectar from diverse flowering plants, while larvae specialize on Clarkia unguiculata.
Pseudohemihyalea edwardsii
Edwards' Glassy-wing Moth, Edwards' glassy-wing
Pseudohemihyalea edwardsii is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1864. The species is named in honor of actor-entomologist Henry Edwards. It occurs in oak woodlands and mixed hardwood forests at low elevations across the western United States, from Oregon and Washington south through California and east to western New Mexico. The forewings measure 27–31 mm in length. The species serves as a known host for the tachinid fly Paradejeania rutilioides.
Quernocoris caliginosus
Quernocoris caliginosus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Weirauch in 2006. It is a true bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) belonging to the large and diverse mirid fauna of western North America. The genus Quernocoris is associated with oak (Quercus) habitats, reflecting its etymology. As a recently described species, detailed natural history information remains limited in the primary literature.
Tetracis australis
Tetracis australis is a geometrid moth described by Ferris in 2010. It is restricted to a narrow coastal and montane range in southern California and northern Baja California, Mexico. The species exhibits spring seasonality, with adult flight from March through late June. Larval host associations remain provisional, with Quercus and Populus species suggested as probable food plants.
Tigrinestola
Tigrinestola is a genus of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Desmiphorini. It was established by Breuning in 1949 and contains two described species: T. howdeni and T. tigrina. The genus is known from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Tigrinestola tigrina has been documented from oak woodlands in southeastern Arizona, where it has been collected at light and by beating dead oak branches.
Xylophanes falco
Falcon Sphinx
Xylophanes falco is a medium-sized sphinx moth in the family Sphingidae, commonly known as the Falcon Sphinx. It occurs from Central America through Mexico into the southwestern United States. Adults are distinguished from similar species by their pale brown-beige coloration, more falcate forewings, and sharply defined wing pattern lines. The species inhabits oak woodlands and riparian corridors.
Xystocheir
Xystocheir is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae, endemic to California. The genus comprises nine species distributed in the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada. Members of this genus are notable for producing cyanide as a chemical defense against predators. Xystocheir dissecta, a species within this genus, has been documented to fluoresce under ultraviolet light.
Xystocheir dissecta taibona
Xystocheir dissecta taibona is a subspecies of flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. It is a synonym of Xystocheir taibona and is known from California. Like other members of its genus, it produces cyanide as a chemical defense against predators. The subspecies is documented as prey for the specialized carabid beetle Promecognathus.