Sexual-generation
Guides
Acraspis quercushirta
jewel oak gall wasp
Acraspis quercushirta, the jewel oak gall wasp, is a North American cynipid wasp that induces distinctive, detachable galls on white oak leaves. The species exhibits a complex life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual generations, each producing morphologically different galls. The sexual generation forms the namesake "jewel" galls—oval, faceted structures ranging from white to brown that detach and fall with leaves in autumn. Molecular studies have confirmed its conspecific status with A. macrocarpae, which was previously considered a separate species.
Diplolepis
gall wasps, rose gall wasps
Diplolepis is a genus of gall-inducing wasps in the family Diplolepididae, most commonly associated with roses (Rosa spp.). These small wasps are notable for inducing complex, often conspicuous galls on their host plants through chemical manipulation of plant tissues. The genus includes both sexual and parthenogenetic species, with some like D. rosae reproducing primarily by thelytokous parthenogenesis. Diplolepis species exhibit intricate life cycles involving alternation between sexual and agamic generations, and their galls support diverse communities of parasitoids and inquilines.
Disholcaspis prehensa
clasping twig gall wasp
Disholcaspis prehensa is a gall-inducing cynipid wasp native to California that induces distinctive galls on scrub oak and leather oak. The species exhibits heterogony, alternating between sexual and asexual generations that produce two morphologically different gall types. The asexual generation forms conspicuous mushroom-shaped twig galls with clasping bases, while the sexual generation produces small, hidden bud galls.
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