Host-plant-specificity
Guides
Cleonini
Cleonini is a tribe of weevils within the subfamily Lixinae, comprising approximately 96 extant genus-group taxa distributed globally. All extant members are hypothesized to be flightless despite frequently possessing fully developed wings (macropterous), a unique condition among Lixinae. The tribe exhibits widespread adult morphological homoplasy that obscures phylogenetic relationships, with many genera radiating from a common ancestor with weakly resolved internal branching. Cleonini are primarily associated with arid and semi-arid habitats, including deserts and steppe environments across North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and western North America.
Euphydryas
checkerspot butterflies
Euphydryas is a genus of checkerspot butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. The genus includes species that have been extensively studied in population biology and conservation, with some species subject to reintroduction efforts. Several species are declining across their ranges, with climate change identified as a significant factor. Larvae typically feed on specific host plants and construct silk webs.
Macroglossinae
Macroglossine Sphinx Moths
Macroglossinae is a subfamily of sphinx moths (Sphingidae) comprising three tribes: Dilophonotini, Macroglossini, and Philampelini. Members of this subfamily are characterized by their streamlined bodies and often exhibit specialized feeding behaviors. The subfamily includes diverse species with varying geographic distributions, from the Western Palaearctic to the Neotropics. Some species have been subjects of detailed phylogeographic and taxonomic study due to complex species boundaries and morphological variability.