Megachilidae
Guides
Anthidiellum notatum gilense
Gila Rotund-Resin Bee
Anthidiellum notatum gilense is a subspecies of resin bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Gila Rotund-Resin Bee. It belongs to a genus characterized by using plant resins to construct nest cells. The subspecies designation suggests geographic differentiation from the nominate form, with this taxon associated with the Gila region of the southwestern United States.
Anthidiellum robertsoni
Anthidiellum robertsoni is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, order Hymenoptera. It is a member of the tribe Anthidiini, commonly known as wool-carder bees or potter bees. The species was described by Cockerell in 1904. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a solitary bee that constructs nests using plant materials. The species occurs in North America.
Anthidiini
Anthidiini is a tribe of bees in the family Megachilidae comprising at least 40 genera and approximately 840 described species. The tribe is strongly supported as monophyletic based on molecular and morphological evidence. Members exhibit diverse nesting strategies, with many species constructing nests from plant resins, plant fibers, or other collected materials. The tribe includes economically important pollinators as well as cleptoparasitic species in the genus Stelis.
Anthidium
Wool Carder Bees, Carder Bees, Potter Bees
Anthidium is a genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae containing approximately 80 species. These bees are commonly known as wool carder or potter bees due to their distinctive nest-building behavior: females collect plant hairs, conifer resin, mud, or combinations thereof to construct brood cells. Unlike leafcutter bees in the same family, Anthidium species do not cut leaf pieces. They possess pollen-carrying scopa exclusively on the ventral surface of the abdomen, a characteristic trait of Megachilidae. The genus is primarily distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and South America.
Anthidium edwardsii
Edwards' Woolcarder
Anthidium edwardsii is a solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the wool carder bees. The species was described by Cresson in 1878 and occurs in North America. Like other Anthidium species, females collect plant fibers from hairy leaves to construct nest cells. The species has undergone several taxonomic revisions, with three junior synonyms synonymized under the current name.
Anthidium florentinum
Florentine Woolcarder Bee, European wool carder bee
Anthidium florentinum is a medium to large solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Florentine wool carder bee. Native to the Mediterranean region, it has been introduced to multiple continents including North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. Males are highly territorial and defend floral resources against conspecifics and other bees. Females collect plant trichomes (wool) to line nest cells constructed in pre-existing cavities. The species has been detected in the Canary Islands through citizen science, representing a recent range expansion to oceanic archipelagos.
Anthidium palliventre
Pacific Woolcarder
Anthidium palliventre is a megachilid bee native to western North America, commonly known as the Pacific Woolcarder. Females collect plant fibers, particularly from hairy leaves such as lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina), to construct nest cells. Males establish and defend floral territories, exhibiting aggressive behavior toward other insects that approach their claimed flowers. The species is closely related to the introduced European wool carder bee (Anthidium manicatum), but is native rather than invasive.
Ashmeadiella bigeloviae
Ashmeadiella bigeloviae is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae. It was first described by Cockerell in 1897 under the name Heriades bigeloviae. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a cavity-nesting bee that carries pollen on the underside of its abdomen.
Ashmeadiella bucconis denticulata
Western Big-Cheeked Angled-Mason
Ashmeadiella bucconis denticulata is a subspecies of mason bee in the family Megachilidae. It is one of several subspecies within the Ashmeadiella bucconis species complex. The subspecies was originally described by Cresson in 1878 under the genus Heriades. Very few observations exist in citizen science databases, suggesting it may be uncommon or underreported.
Ashmeadiella xenomastax
Square-jawed Angled-Mason
Ashmeadiella xenomastax is a species of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Michener in 1939. It is known from Central and North America. The common name "Square-jawed Angled-Mason" refers to distinctive morphological features of the species. Like other members of the genus Ashmeadiella, it is a solitary bee that constructs nests using collected materials.
Atoposmia
Atoposmia is a genus of bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Osmiini. The genus was established by Cockerell in 1935 and is part of the diverse megachilid bee fauna. These bees are solitary and nest in pre-existing cavities, with females constructing brood cells using collected materials.
Chelostoma campanularum
Small Scissor Bee, Harebell Carpenter Bee
Chelostoma campanularum is a small solitary bee in the family Megachilidae. It is a pollen specialist strongly associated with Campanula (bellflower) species. The species is notable for its distinctive pollen-collecting behavior using abdominal scopae rather than leg scopae, and for nesting in hollow plant stems.
Chelostoma phaceliae
Chelostoma phaceliae is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, described by Michener in 1938. Like other members of the genus Chelostoma, it is a specialist bee with narrow ecological associations. The species is native to North America and is part of the diverse assemblage of solitary bees that provide essential pollination services without forming social colonies.
Chelostoma philadelphi
Mock-orange Scissor Bee
Chelostoma philadelphi is a small solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Mock-orange Scissor Bee. The species is native to North America and has been documented in the northeastern United States, including Vermont. Its morphology and nesting biology have been formally described, though detailed ecological data remain limited. The species belongs to a genus of scissor bees characterized by specialized nesting habits.
Coelioxys
leaf-cutting cuckoo bees, sharp-tailed bees, sharptail bees
Coelioxys is a genus of solitary kleptoparasitic bees in the family Megachilidae, containing approximately 500 species across 15 subgenera. These bees are commonly known as leaf-cutting cuckoo bees or sharp-tailed bees. They do not construct their own nests or provision their young, instead laying eggs in the nests of host bees and relying on host-collected pollen for their larval development.
Coelioxys aztecus
Coelioxys aztecus is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae. As a member of the genus Coelioxys, this species is an obligate brood parasite (kleptoparasite) of other bees, primarily targeting leafcutter bees (Megachile). The species was described by Cresson in 1878 and occurs in Middle America. Like other Coelioxys, females possess a distinctive pointed abdomen adapted for inserting eggs into host nest cells.
Coelioxys banksi
Coelioxys banksi is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. As a member of the genus Coelioxys, it is a kleptoparasite that exploits the nests of other bees. The species is known to parasitize nests of Megachile relativa, a leafcutter bee. Like other Coelioxys species, females possess a pointed abdomen adapted for inserting eggs into host nest cells.
Coelioxys coturnix
Coelioxys coturnix is a cleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as sharp-tailed bees or cuckoo leafcutting bees. As a cleptoparasite, females do not construct their own nests or provision cells with pollen. Instead, they exploit nests of host bees in the genus Megachile, laying eggs in host cells where their larvae kill the host offspring and consume the stored provisions. The species has been documented exhibiting hospicidal behavior, where the parasitic larva actively kills the host egg or larva.
cleptoparasitecuckoo-beeMegachilidaesolitary-beehospicidal-behaviorsharp-tailed-beecuckoo-leafcutting-beenest-parasiteMegachile-parasitenative-beepollinator-communitybee-hotel-inhabitantlarval-instars-describedPérez-1884PalaearcticNearcticAfrotropicalOrientalmultiple-continentschemical-cue-trackingpopulation-regulationnon-stingingno-nest-constructionpollen-transport-absentabdominal-spinehost-egg-killinglarval-development-on-host-provisionsseasonal-emergence-synchronized-with-hostmale-patrolling-behaviornest-tunnel-entry-during-host-absenceartificial-nesting-block-use-indicatorbee-conservation-indicator-speciesspecialized-parasitenative-bee-diversity-componentno-direct-agricultural-roleobserver-interest-speciesbee-monitoring-targetmorphological-identification-required-for-species-levelgenus-level-traits-well-documentedspecies-specific-details-limited-in-sourcesCoelioxys dolichos
carpenter-mimic cuckoo leaf-cutter bee
Coelioxys dolichos is a species of kleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae. It is known to parasitize nests of the leaf-cutter bee Megachile xylocopoides. The species occurs in North America.
Coelioxys edita
Coelioxys edita is a species of sharp-tailed bee in the family Megachilidae. Like other members of its genus, it is a cleptoparasite that exploits the nests of other bees rather than building its own. The species was described by Cresson in 1872 and occurs in North America and Middle America. As a cuckoo bee, it represents one of the many parasitic strategies found within the solitary bees.
Coelioxys germanus
Coelioxys germanus is a species of cuckoo leafcutting bee in the family Megachilidae. Like other members of the genus Coelioxys, it is a kleptoparasite that exploits the nests of host bees rather than constructing its own. The species was described by Cresson in 1878 and is known from North America.
Coelioxys hunteri
Hunter's cuckoo-leaf-cutter bee
Coelioxys hunteri is a species of cuckoo leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae. Like other members of the genus Coelioxys, this species is a cleptoparasite that exploits the nest provisions of other bees rather than collecting pollen and nectar itself. The species was described by Crawford in 1914 and occurs in North America and Middle America.
Coelioxys immaculatus
Coelioxys immaculatus is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cockerell in 1912. Like all members of the genus Coelioxys, this species is a cleptoparasite (cuckoo) of other bees, specifically targeting leafcutter bees (Megachile). The specific epithet 'immaculatus' suggests an unmarked or spotless appearance, though detailed morphological descriptions are limited in available sources. As a parasitic bee, females do not construct nests or collect pollen but instead lay eggs in the nests of host species.
Coelioxys mexicanus
Coelioxys mexicanus is a species of kleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae. As with other members of the genus Coelioxys, this species is a brood parasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees, primarily leafcutter bees (Megachile spp.). The species was described by Cresson in 1878 and occurs in North America and Middle America.
Coelioxys modestus
Modest Sharptail
Coelioxys modestus is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Modest Sharptail. It is a cleptoparasitic bee that targets other Megachilidae, particularly leafcutter bees (Megachile). The species occurs in North America, with records from the northeastern United States including Vermont. Like other Coelioxys, females possess a distinctive pointed abdomen adapted for inserting eggs into host nests.
Coelioxys obtusiventris
Coelioxys obtusiventris is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. Like other members of the genus Coelioxys, this species is a cleptoparasite that exploits the nests of leafcutter bees (Megachile spp.). The female lays her egg in the host's provisioned nest cell, and her larva kills the host egg or larva before consuming the stored pollen and nectar. This species occurs in North America and is one of approximately 50 species in the genus Coelioxys worldwide.
cleptoparasitecuckoo-beeleafcutter-bee-parasiteMegachilidaesolitary-beeNorth-Americabee-hotel-inhabitantHymenopteraApoideaCoelioxysMegachile-parasitenest-parasitepollinator-parasite1914-descriptionCrawfordendoparasitoidbee-biologynative-beewild-beegarden-beeartificial-nest-userbee-conservation-indicatorCoelioxys octodentatus
Eight-toothed Cuckoo Leaf-cutter Bee
Coelioxys octodentatus is a kleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Eight-toothed Cuckoo Leaf-cutter Bee. As a member of the genus Coelioxys, it parasitizes nests of leaf-cutter bees (Megachile spp.) rather than constructing its own. Females deposit eggs into host nest cells, and their larvae eliminate the host egg or larva before consuming the pollen provisions. The species occurs in North America, with records from the United States and Middle America.
Coelioxys rufitarsis
red-legged cuckoo leafcutter bee, red-footed cuckoo leafcutter
Coelioxys rufitarsis is a cleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the red-legged cuckoo leafcutter bee. Native to North America, this species does not construct its own nests but instead parasitizes the nests of other megachilid bees, particularly leafcutter bees in the genus Megachile. Females deposit eggs in host nest cells, and their larvae kill the host egg or larva before consuming the pollen provisions intended for the host offspring.
Coelioxys sayi
Say's Cuckoo Leafcutter Bee
Coelioxys sayi is a species of kleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as Say's Cuckoo Leafcutter Bee. As a member of the sharp-tailed bee genus Coelioxys, this species does not construct its own nests but instead parasitizes the nests of other solitary bees, particularly leafcutter bees (Megachile spp.). Females possess a pointed abdomen adapted for inserting eggs into host nest cells. The species occurs in North America and is active during the summer months when host species are nesting.
Coelioxys slossoni
Sharp-tailed Bee, Cuckoo Leafcutting Bee
Coelioxys slossoni is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Viereck in 1902. Like other members of the genus Coelioxys, this species is a kleptoparasite that targets leafcutting bees (Megachile spp.). Females deposit their eggs into the provisioned nest cells of host bees, where their larvae consume the host's pollen stores and eliminate the host offspring. The species occurs in North and Middle America and includes two recognized subspecies: C. s. slossoni and C. s. arenicola.
Coelioxys slossoni arenicola
Coelioxys slossoni arenicola is a subspecies of kleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Crawford in 1914. Like other members of the genus Coelioxys, this subspecies is a brood parasite (cuckoo bee) that exploits the nest provisions of host bees rather than constructing its own nests. The subspecies epithet 'arenicola' suggests an association with sandy habitats. It occurs in Middle America and North America based on distribution records.
Coelioxys texanus
Coelioxys texanus is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Coelioxys, this species is a cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees, primarily targeting leafcutter bees (Megachile species). The specific epithet "texanus" indicates a Texas association, likely reflecting the type locality or early collection records from that region. Like other Coelioxys species, females possess a pointed, conical abdomen adapted for inserting eggs into host nest cells.
Dianthidium
Pebble bees, resin bees
Dianthidium is a genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as pebble bees or resin bees. The genus comprises at least 20 described species in North America. These bees are distinguished by their use of plant resins in nest construction, gathering resins from various plant sources to build and seal their nest cells. They are cavity-nesting bees that utilize pre-existing hollows such as beetle borings in dead wood or hollow twigs. Dianthidium species are important pollinators and serve as hosts for parasitic wasps in the family Leucospidae.
Dianthidium arizonicum
Arizona Pebble Bee
Dianthidium arizonicum is a species of resin bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Rohwer in 1916. It is native to the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona. Like other members of the genus Dianthidium, it is a solitary bee that constructs nests using plant resins. The species has been documented nesting in artificial bee blocks, indicating adaptability to human-provided nesting structures.
Dianthidium curvatum
Curved Pebble Bee
Dianthidium curvatum is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Curved Pebble Bee. It is native to North America and belongs to a genus of bees that construct nests using resin and pebbles. Like other members of the genus Dianthidium, it is a cavity-nesting bee that provisions its nests with pollen and nectar. The species has been documented in bee block observations, indicating its use of artificial nesting substrates.
Dianthidium curvatum curvatum
A subspecies of resin bee in the family Megachilidae, Dianthidium curvatum curvatum belongs to a genus of solitary bees known for constructing nests using plant resins. The species epithet "curvatum" refers to a curved structural feature, likely of the mandible or other mouthpart. As with other Dianthidium species, this bee is a cavity nester that provisions its cells with pollen and nectar.
Dianthidium curvatum sayi
Dianthidium curvatum sayi is a subspecies of resin bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1907. As a member of the genus Dianthidium, it belongs to a group of bees known for constructing nests using plant resins and other materials rather than cutting leaves like their relatives in the genus Anthidium. The subspecies designation indicates geographic or morphological variation within the broader species D. curvatum.
Dianthidium pudicum consimile
Dianthidium pudicum consimile is a subspecies of resin bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Ashmead in 1896. As a member of the genus Dianthidium, it is part of a group of solitary bees known for constructing nest partitions and plugs from plant resins. The subspecies occurs in Middle and North America, though specific details about its biology and distribution remain limited in available sources.
Dianthidium texanum
Texas Pebble Bee
Dianthidium texanum is a species of resin bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Texas Pebble Bee. Native to North and Middle America, this solitary bee constructs nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow twigs or beetle borings, using resin to partition cells and seal the nest entrance. The species has been documented in bee block monitoring studies and is known to be parasitized by leucospid wasps. Adults are active during summer months and visit flowers for nectar and pollen.
Dioxyini
cuckoo bees
Dioxyini is a tribe of kleptoparasitic cuckoo bees in the family Megachilidae, comprising eight genera and approximately 36 species globally. European representatives include ten species across five genera (Aglaoapis, Dioxys, Ensliniana, Metadioxys, Paradioxys), with two species widespread across the continent and others restricted to southern Europe. These bees do not construct nests or collect pollen, instead exploiting the nest provisions of host bees.
Dioxys
Dioxys is a genus of parasitic bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Dioxyini. These bees are characterized by distinctive morphological features including a median tubercle on the metanotum and an extremely reduced, non-functional sting. The genus contains approximately 13 recognized species in the West Palaearctic region, with a taxonomic revision published in 2024 resolving several long-standing species-level issues. Dioxys species are distributed across the Mediterranean basin, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Canary Islands, with varying geographic ranges and habitat preferences.
Dioxys productus
Dioxys productus is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, tribe Dioxyini. The species was described by Cresson in 1879 and is known from North America and Middle America. Members of the genus Dioxys are cleptoparasitic bees that lay their eggs in the nests of other megachilid bees.
Heriades
Armored Resin bees
Heriades is a genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, comprising more than 130 species worldwide. These small, typically black bees are notable for nesting in pre-existing wood cavities and using plant resin to construct and seal nest cells. The genus spans eight subgenera with distributions across all continents; in North America, roughly 25 species occur, though only three are native east of the Rocky Mountains. Several species, particularly Heriades truncorum, serve as important research models for studying bee sexual communication, urban ecology, and pesticide effects.
Heriades carinata
Carinate Sculptured Mason Bee, Carinate Armored-Resin bee
Heriades carinata is a small solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae. It is a twig-nesting species that uses pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems or beetle borings in dead wood. The female constructs nest cells separated by partitions of plant resin, earning it the common name 'Armored-Resin bee.' It has been recorded as the first gynandromorph in its genus. The species occurs across the United States and southern Canada.
Heriades leavitti
Leavitt's Armored-Resin bee
Heriades leavitti is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, subgenus Neotrypetes, described by Crawford in 1913. It belongs to a genus of armored-resin bees known for nesting in pre-existing cavities and sealing nest entrances with plant resin. The species is distributed in the Neotropical region and North America, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
Hoplitis
Small Mason Bees
Hoplitis is a large genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Osmiini, comprising over 380 described species distributed primarily across the Palaearctic region. These bees are commonly known as small mason bees and exhibit diverse nesting strategies including burrows in soil, pre-existing cavities in wood or stone, and insect borings in dead wood. Many species are pollen specialists (oligolectic), with documented associations to specific plant genera including Allium, Reseda, Astragalus, Onosma, and others. The genus demonstrates remarkable biogeographic patterns, including disjunct distributions spanning thousands of kilometers between European and Central Asian populations.
Hoplitis albifrons
White-fronted Small-Mason
Hoplitis albifrons is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, tribe Osmiini. It is native to North America, with documented records from the northeastern United States including Vermont. As a member of the osmiine bees, it likely constructs nests in pre-existing cavities and uses mud or other materials to partition brood cells, though specific natural history details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.
Hoplitis albifrons argentifrons
Silver-fronted Small-Mason
Hoplitis albifrons argentifrons is a subspecies of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, native to North America. As a member of the osmiine bees, it is a solitary species that constructs nests in pre-existing cavities. The subspecies designation indicates geographic variation within the broader H. albifrons species complex. Like other Hoplitis species, it contributes to pollination services in its native range.
Hoplitis albifrons maura
Pacific Black Small-Mason
Hoplitis albifrons maura is a subspecies of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, native to western North America. It belongs to a group of solitary bees known for nesting in pre-existing cavities and constructing brood cells from collected materials. As a member of the osmiine bees, it contributes to pollination services in its native range. The subspecies designation indicates geographic variation within the broader H. albifrons species complex.
Hoplitis bullifacies
Hoplitis bullifacies is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Michener in 1947. It belongs to the diverse genus Hoplitis, which comprises numerous small to medium-sized mason bees native to the Northern Hemisphere. The species is recorded from North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in published literature.
Hoplitis bunocephala
Hoplitis bunocephala is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, described by Michener in 1947. The species is native to North America and belongs to the diverse genus Hoplitis, which includes numerous mason bee species. Like other members of Megachilidae, females carry pollen on scopae located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Hoplitis elongaticeps
Hoplitis elongaticeps is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Michener in 1947. It belongs to the diverse genus Hoplitis, which comprises numerous mason bee species across the Northern Hemisphere. The species is known to occur in North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in available sources.
Hoplitis fulgida fulgida
Hoplitis fulgida fulgida is a subspecies of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1864. As a member of the genus Hoplitis, it belongs to a group of solitary bees that construct nests using collected materials. The subspecies is part of the North American fauna of Osmia bees, though specific ecological details for this subspecies remain poorly documented in available literature.
Hoplitis fulgida platyura
Pacific Green Small-Mason
Hoplitis fulgida platyura is a subspecies of mason bee in the family Megachilidae. It is native to western North America, where it occurs from British Columbia to California. The subspecies is distinguished from the nominate form by structural differences in the male antennae and subtle coloration differences. Like other members of the genus Hoplitis, females construct nests in pre-existing cavities and line brood cells with collected materials.
Hoplitis howardi
Hoplitis howardi is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, tribe Osmiini. First described by Cockerell in 1910, this species belongs to a large genus of mason bees that nest in pre-existing cavities. The genus Hoplitis is characterized by females that construct nest cells using collected materials such as leaf pieces, mud, or resin. H. howardi occurs in North America and Middle America, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Hoplitis hypocrita
Mimic Small-Mason
Hoplitis hypocrita is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Mimic Small-Mason. It belongs to the tribe Osmiini, which includes many mason bee species that nest in pre-existing cavities. The species was originally described by Cockerell in 1906 as Osmia hypocrita before being transferred to the genus Hoplitis. It is native to North America.
Hoplitis producta
Produced Small-Mason
Hoplitis producta is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Produced Small-Mason. It is native to North America east of the Rocky Mountains and is considered common and widely distributed in this range. The species is notable for its nesting biology, having been documented using pith-filled plant stems for nest construction.
Hoplitis spoliata
Dilated-horned Small-Mason
Hoplitis spoliata is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Dilated-horned Small-Mason. It is a member of the diverse osmiine bee tribe, which includes many species that nest in pre-existing cavities and use various materials to construct brood cells. The species was first described by Provancher in 1888 and is native to North America, with documented occurrences in the northeastern United States including Vermont.
Hoplitis truncata
Truncate Small-Mason
Hoplitis truncata is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Truncate Small-Mason. It is part of the diverse osmiine bee group, which includes many species that nest in pre-existing cavities and use various materials to construct their nests. The species has been recorded in North America and parts of Southern Asia, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Lithurgopsis
northern cactus woodborer bees
Lithurgopsis is a genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, subfamily Lithurginae. These bees are commonly referred to as "northern cactus woodborers" due to their specialized association with cactus wood for nesting. The genus contains at least nine described species distributed across North America, with documented occurrences in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Species within this genus exhibit specialized nesting behaviors, excavating tunnels in cactus stems and provisioning cells with pollen and nectar.
Lithurgopsis echinocacti
Barrel Cactus Woodborer
Lithurgopsis echinocacti is a species of woodborer bee in the family Megachilidae, originally described as Lithurgus echinocacti by Cockerell in 1898. The species is commonly known as the Barrel Cactus Woodborer. It belongs to a genus of bees that specialize in boring into wood or plant stems for nesting, with this species showing particular association with cacti. The genus Lithurgopsis is distinguished from the related Lithurgus by morphological characteristics and geographic distribution patterns.
Lithurgopsis gibbosa
Southeastern Woodborer, Gibbous Woodborer Bee
Lithurgopsis gibbosa is a large, robust solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Southeastern Woodborer or Gibbous Woodborer Bee. It is one of the largest native bees in eastern North America and is notable for its distinctive humped thorax and wood-boring nesting behavior. The species occurs primarily in the southeastern United States, where females excavate nest tunnels in dead wood and provision cells with pollen and nectar.
Lithurgopsis littoralis
Lithurgopsis littoralis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1917. It belongs to the subfamily Lithurginae, a group of bees commonly known as mason bees or resin bees. The species is recorded from Middle America and North America.
Megachile
Leafcutter bees, Leafcutting bees, Resin bees, Mortar bees
Megachile is a large, cosmopolitan genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, comprising over 1,500 described species across more than 50 subgenera. The genus includes the commercially important alfalfa leafcutter bee (M. rotundata), managed globally for crop pollination. Species exhibit diverse nesting strategies: many cut circular leaf or petal pieces to line nest cells, while others use plant resin or mortar-like materials. The genus contains the world's largest bee, M. pluto (Wallace's Giant Bee), with a wingspan exceeding 6 cm.
Megachile brevis
leafcutter bee
Megachile brevis is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1837. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaves or petals to line its nest cavities. The species occurs in North America and Middle America according to distribution records. Like other leafcutter bees, it is a solitary nester and contributes to pollination services in its range.
Megachile comata
Megachile comata is a leafcutter bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it exhibits the characteristic nest-building behavior of cutting leaves or petals to line its nest cavities. The species has been documented in North and Middle America. Like other leafcutter bees, it is a solitary pollinator.
Megachile discorhina
Megachile discorhina is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1924. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a group of solitary bees known for cutting leaf fragments to construct nest cells. The species is accepted as valid in major taxonomic databases including GBIF and Catalogue of Life. Specific details about its biology, distribution, and ecology remain poorly documented in readily accessible sources.
Megachile exilis parexilis
Megachile exilis parexilis is a subspecies of leafcutter bee described by Mitchell in 1937. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf or petal pieces to construct nest chambers. The subspecies is recognized as accepted in taxonomic databases, with distribution records indicating presence in Middle America and North America. No specific ecological or behavioral studies of this subspecies have been documented in the available literature.
Megachile fortis
Megachile fortis is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic trait of females carrying pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology remain limited in published sources.
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inimica
hostile leaf-cutter bee
Megachile inimica is a solitary leaf-cutting bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1872. It is native to southern North America and Central America. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf fragments to line its nest cavities, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Megachile inimica sayi
Megachile inimica sayi is a subspecies of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae. As a member of the genus Megachile, this bee exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for which the group is named. The subspecies is found in parts of North America and Middle America. Like other Megachilidae, females carry pollen on scopal hairs located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the legs. The specific epithet "inimica" suggests a Latin origin meaning "hostile" or "unfriendly," though the behavioral significance of this name is not documented in available sources.
Megachile lanata
Woolly Wall Bee
Megachile lanata is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Fabricius in 1775. It is considered an invasive species in Pakistan and has been introduced to regions including Colombia and Florida. The species is an important pollinator of horticultural, ornamental, aromatic, and agricultural crops. Studies have documented its nesting behavior in pre-existing cavities and its foraging activity across diverse landscapes.
Megachile melanophaea
Black-and-gray Leafcutter Bee
Megachile melanophaea is a solitary leafcutter bee native to North America, first described by Frederick Smith in 1853. Females construct nests in ground holes or small cavities, lining individual cells with carefully cut leaf pieces and provisioning them with pollen and nectar. This species has been documented as a pollinator of slipper orchids (Cypripedium species), including the rare Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense, which is otherwise pollinated almost exclusively by queen bumble bees. The species is parasitized by cuckoo bees Coelioxys sodalis and Coelioxys rufitarsus.
Megachile mellitarsis
Megachile mellitarsis is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. Like other leafcutter bees, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from limited observations in Middle America and North America.
Megachile mucida
Megachile mucida is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. As a member of the genus Megachile, it is a solitary bee that carries pollen on scopal hairs beneath its abdomen rather than on leg baskets. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
Megachile newberryae
Megachile newberryae is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1900. Like other members of the genus Megachile, this species is a leafcutter bee, characterized by females that cut leaf pieces to line their nest cells. The species has been recorded in Middle America and North America.
Megachile nivalis
Megachile nivalis is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Friese in 1903. Current taxonomic treatment considers this name a synonym of Megachile lapponica. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary bees known for cutting leaf segments to line their nest cavities. As with other Megachile species, females construct individual brood cells provisioned with pollen and nectar.
Megachile odontostoma
Megachile odontostoma is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1924. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary bees characterized by females that cut leaves or petals to line their nest chambers. As with other Megachile species, females carry pollen on specialized hairs (scopa) on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The specific epithet "odontostoma" refers to toothed mouthparts, though detailed morphological studies of this particular species remain limited.
Megachile parallela
Parallel Leafcutter Bee
Megachile parallela is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Smith in 1853. As a member of the genus Megachile, it exhibits the characteristic trait of cutting leaf fragments to construct and line its nest cells. The species is found in North and Middle America. Like other Megachile species, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the legs.
Megachile perihirta
Western Leafcutter Bee, Western leafcutting bee
Megachile perihirta, commonly known as the Western Leafcutter Bee, is a solitary bee native to western North America. It is an important pollinator of alfalfa and other crops, recognized by its distinctive leaf-cutting behavior where females cut circular pieces from leaves to line nest cells. The species nests in pre-existing cavities in soil, sand, gravel, or rotting wood, and carries pollen on a scopa located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile petulans
Petulant Leafcutter Bee
Megachile petulans is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. The species is known from Middle America and North America, with 577 observations recorded on iNaturalist. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for nest construction, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Megachile policaris
Texas leafcutter bee, policaris leafcutter bee
Megachile policaris is a large, solitary leafcutter bee native to North America that has established invasive populations in Hawaiʻi. First detected on Oʻahu in 2017, it is now present on multiple Hawaiian islands including Maui, Kauaʻi, and Hawaiʻi Island. It is among the largest Megachile species in North America, with females reaching 18–22 mm. The species constructs nests in pre-existing cavities and uses cut leaf pieces to line brood cells.
Megachile pruina nigropinguis
Megachile pruina nigropinguis is a subspecies of leafcutter bee described by Mitchell in 1937. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic behavior of cutting leaf fragments to construct nest cells. The subspecies is classified within the family Megachilidae, a group of solitary bees known for carrying pollen on scopal hairs located on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile pseudobrevis
southeastern little leaf-cutter bee
Megachile pseudobrevis, commonly known as the southeastern little leaf-cutter bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1935. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a diverse group of bees characterized by their leaf-cutting nesting behavior, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented. The species occurs in North America.
Megachile pugnata pomonae
Megachile pugnata pomonae is a subspecies of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1916. As a member of the genus Megachile, it belongs to a diverse group of solitary bees known for cutting leaf or petal fragments to construct nest cells. The subspecific epithet 'pomonae' suggests an association with apple (Malus pumila, formerly Pyrus malus or Poma), though the precise nature of this relationship requires verification. Like other Megachile species, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile relativa
Golden-tailed Leafcutter Bee
Megachile relativa is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1878. The species nests in pre-existing cavities such as trap-nests and has been documented in Wisconsin and Vermont. Like other members of the genus Megachile, females carry pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs.
Megachile sidalceae
Megachile sidalceae is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1897. Like other members of the genus Megachile, it is a solitary bee. The species name 'sidalceae' suggests a possible association with plants in the genus Sidalcea (mallow family), though this relationship has not been confirmed in the available literature. The species has been recorded in North America and Middle America, with 90 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Megachile zapoteca
Megachile zapoteca is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. It is native to Mexico and Central America, with records from multiple Mexican states including Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz, as well as Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for nest construction, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Osmia
Mason Bees
Osmia is a large genus of solitary bees in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as mason bees. The genus includes approximately 500 species worldwide, with many species native to North America. Mason bees are named for their use of mud or other masonry materials to construct and seal nest cells. They are important pollinators of agricultural crops and native plants, and several species are managed commercially for orchard pollination. Unlike honey bees, mason bees are solitary, do not produce honey, and rarely sting.
Osmia aglaia
Oregon berry bee
Osmia aglaia is a solitary mason bee native to the western United States. It is commonly known as the Oregon berry bee due to its specialized role as a pollinator of brambles, particularly raspberries and blackberries. The species exhibits metallic coloration and nests in pre-existing wood tunnels. Adults are active in late spring, coinciding with Rubus bloom periods.
Osmia bucephala
bufflehead mason bee
Osmia bucephala, commonly known as the bufflehead mason bee, is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae native to North America. As a mason bee, it nests in pre-existing tubular cavities and uses mud to construct and seal brood cells. The species is part of the diverse Osmia genus, which includes many ecologically important pollinators. Limited specific ecological data is available for this species compared to better-studied congeners such as O. lignaria.
Osmia clarescens
Osmia clarescens is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1911. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Osmia, it is a cavity-nesting bee that constructs nests in hollow stems or pre-existing holes, sealing brood chambers with mud. Specific ecological details and distinguishing characteristics remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Osmia coloradensis
Colorado Mason, Colorado osmia
Osmia coloradensis is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, native to western North America. Like other Osmia species, it nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow plant stems or holes in wood, sealing nest chambers with mud. The species is recognized as a native pollinator with documented observations across multiple western U.S. states and parts of Central America. It belongs to a genus of bees increasingly valued for orchard pollination services, though specific management practices for this species are less developed than for commercially used relatives.
Osmia dakotensis
Osmia dakotensis is a solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae, described by Michener in 1937. It is native to North America. As a mason bee, it likely nests in pre-existing cavities and uses mud to construct brood cells. Beyond its taxonomic placement and geographic distribution, specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Osmia gaudiosa
Osmia glauca
Osmia glauca is a species of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, originally described as Heriades glaucum by Fowler in 1899. It is native to North America and belongs to a genus of solitary bees known for nesting in pre-existing cavities and sealing brood cells with mud. Like other Osmia species, it is likely a pollinator of flowering plants, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Osmia lignaria lignaria
Eastern Blue Orchard Bee
Osmia lignaria lignaria is the eastern subspecies of the blue orchard bee, a solitary mason bee native to North America. It is a managed pollinator prized for its efficiency in pollinating early spring-blooming fruit trees including almonds, apples, pears, and cherries. The bee nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems and beetle holes, sealing nest entrances with mud. It has experienced population declines in the eastern United States, with research ongoing into competition with non-native Osmia species and vulnerability to pesticides and parasites.
Osmia palmula
Osmia pumila
Osmia pumila is a solitary mason bee native to eastern North America. It is strongly associated with forest habitats, where it performs spring pollination of wildflowers and possibly some timber trees. The species nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems or holes in wood, sealing brood chambers with mud. Research indicates it is one of the most common forest-associated bee species in the eastern United States, with populations increasing as forest cover has regrown since the early 1900s.
Osmia rawlinsi
Osmia rawlinsi is a species of solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Sandhouse in 1939 and is native to North America. Like other members of the genus Osmia, it is a cavity-nesting bee that uses mud to construct and seal its nest cells. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited information available regarding its ecology, distribution, and conservation status.
Osmia subfasciata
Osmia subfasciata is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, native to Central and North America. It is one of approximately 140 Osmia species present in North America. The species belongs to a genus valued for pollination services, particularly in orchard agriculture. Two subspecies are recognized: O. s. subfasciata and O. s. miamiensis.
Paranthidium jugatorium
Sunflower Burrowing-Resin bee
Paranthidium jugatorium is a resin bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Sunflower Burrowing-Resin bee. It is native to North and Central America, with records spanning from the southwestern United States through Mexico. The species belongs to the tribe Anthidiini, a group known for constructing nests using plant resins and other materials. Four subspecies are recognized, differing in geographic distribution and minor morphological traits.
Paranthidium jugatorium jugatorium
Paranthidium jugatorium jugatorium is a subspecies of resin bee in the family Megachilidae, distributed across northern and central Mexico. As a member of the tribe Anthidiini, it constructs nests using plant resins and other materials. The subspecies was originally described by Thomas Say in 1824. It belongs to a genus characterized by compact, often boldly patterned bees that are active primarily during warm seasons.
Paranthidium jugatorium perpictum
Paranthidium jugatorium perpictum is a subspecies of wool-carder bee in the family Megachilidae. It belongs to a genus of solitary bees known for collecting plant fibers to line their nest cells. The subspecies is endemic to central and northwestern Mexico. Like other members of Paranthidium, it is presumed to be a solitary nester, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Protosmia rubifloris
Prong-faced Slender-Mason
Protosmia rubifloris is a small mason bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Prong-faced Slender-Mason. It belongs to the genus Protosmia, a group of slender-bodied bees that construct nests using mud or plant resins. The species occurs across Central and North America. As with other megachilids, females carry pollen on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the legs.
Pseudoanthidium
Small Carder Bees, African Carder Bee (for P. repetitum)
Pseudoanthidium is a genus of small carder bees in the family Megachilidae, first described by Friese in 1898. The genus occurs across Eurasia, Africa, and Australia, with nine species recorded in Europe. Some species are cavity-nesters that utilize plant fibers and foreign materials for nest construction. The introduced African carder bee (P. repetitum) has established populations in eastern and Western Australia since 2000 and shows potential for continued range expansion.
Pseudoanthidium nanum nanum
Pseudoanthidium nanum nanum is a synonymized subspecies of the small mason bee Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsáry, 1880), originally described from Europe. The subspecific epithet has been synonymized under the nominate species, which is now treated as a single widespread taxon. The species belongs to the tribe Anthidiini (wool-carder and mason bees) within Megachilidae, characterized by their use of plant fibers or resin in nest construction.
Stelis
leach orchids
Stelis is a genus of Old World cleptoparasitic bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Anthidiini. These bees are obligate cleptoparasites, meaning they do not construct their own nests but instead lay eggs in the nests of host bees, where their larvae consume the host's pollen provisions. The genus was established by Panzer in 1806 and contains multiple species distributed across Europe, Asia, and into the Arabian Peninsula. Some species have shown recent range expansions, with new country records continuing to be documented.
Stelis australis
Stelis australis is a species of cleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. As a member of the genus Stelis, this species is a nest parasite of other solitary bees, particularly those in the family Megachilidae. The specific epithet 'australis' suggests a southern distribution, though detailed biological information remains limited. Like other Stelis species, females likely enter host nests to lay eggs in provisioned cells, with larvae consuming the host's pollen stores and sometimes the host egg or larva.
Stelis australis floridensis
Stelis australis floridensis is a subspecies of cleptoparasitic bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1962. Like other members of the genus Stelis, this bee is a kleptoparasite (cuckoo bee) that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees, primarily megachilid hosts. The subspecific epithet 'floridensis' indicates its association with Florida. Very few observations of this taxon have been recorded.
Stelis costalis
cuckoo bee
Stelis costalis is a species of cleptoparasitic bee (cuckoo bee) in the family Megachilidae. The species is known from North America and Central America. In 2020, it was documented as a parasite of the giant resin bee Megachile sculpturalis, representing the first recorded host association for this species.
Stelis diversicolor
All-black Dark Bee
Stelis diversicolor is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Crawford in 1916. It is found in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Stelis, this species is a cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is known from 18 iNaturalist observations and is recognized by the common name 'All-black Dark Bee'.
Stelis interrupta
cuckoo bee
Stelis interrupta is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1879. As a member of the genus Stelis, it is a cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is known from North America, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Stelis laticincta
Wide-striped Painted-Dark bee
Stelis laticincta is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1878. As a member of the genus Stelis, it is a kleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is found in North America.
Stelis louisae
Louisiana Painted-Dark bee
Stelis louisae is a cuckoo bee (kleptoparasite) in the family Megachilidae, described by T.D.A. Cockerell in 1911. It occurs in the eastern United States and Ontario, Canada, with activity recorded from March through September. The species has been observed visiting Helianthus (sunflower) flowers. As a member of the genus Stelis, it likely parasitizes nests of other bees, though specific host records for this species are not documented in the provided sources.
Stelis perpulchra
Stelis perpulchra is a cuckoo bee species in the family Megachilidae, first described by Crawford in 1916. As a member of the genus Stelis, it is a cleptoparasite that lays eggs in the nests of other bees. The species occurs in both Central America and North America.
Stelis rudbeckiarum
Coneflower Painted-Dark bee
Stelis rudbeckiarum is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1904. As a member of the genus Stelis, it is an obligate cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is distributed across North America and Central America. Its specific epithet 'rudbeckiarum' suggests an association with Rudbeckia (coneflowers), likely reflecting host or foraging relationships.
Stelis texana
Stelis texana is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Thorp in 1966. Like other members of the genus Stelis, this species is a cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees, particularly those in the family Megachilidae. The species is known from Texas and adjacent regions in North America. Records indicate presence in Middle America and North America.
Trachusa
Trachusa is a genus of resin bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Anthidiini, comprising at least 50 described species distributed across the Palearctic region. Recent taxonomic revisions have revealed extensive cryptic diversity, with several species complexes (e.g., T. interrupta and T. pubescens groups) resolved from formerly recognized single widespread species into multiple distinct, often allopatric or narrowly sympatric species. These bees are characterized by resin-collecting behavior and are classified as leafcutter, mason, and resin bees, though specific nesting biology is documented for few species.
Trachusa cordaticeps
Cordate-headed Resin-Leafcutter
Trachusa cordaticeps is a species of resin-leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Michener in 1949. It belongs to the tribe Anthidiini, which includes bees that construct nests using plant resins and leaf pieces. The species is distributed across Central and North America. Like other members of its genus, it likely nests in pre-existing cavities and uses resinous materials for cell construction.
Trachusa dorsalis
Stripe-backed Resin-Leafcutter
Trachusa dorsalis is a species of resin-leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae. It is native to North America. Members of the genus Trachusa are known for using plant resins in nest construction, a trait that distinguishes them from many other megachilid bees that rely primarily on leaf pieces.
Trachusa larreae
Trachusa larreae is a solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, tribe Anthidiini. It is an oligolectic specialist pollinator of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), with documented nesting biology and immature stages. The species occurs in arid regions of North and Central America where its host plant is present.
Trachusa manni
Trachusa manni is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Crawford in 1918. It is a member of the tribe Anthidiini, commonly known as resin bees or wool carder bees. The species is found in North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary bee that constructs nests using plant resins and other materials.
Trachusa timberlakei
Timberlake's Resin-Leafcutter
Trachusa timberlakei is a species of resin-leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae. It is native to North America. The species was described by H.F. Schwarz in 1928 and is named after entomologist P.H. Timberlake. Like other members of the genus Trachusa, it constructs nests using resin and leaf fragments.