Parasitoid-defense-unknown

Guides

• Megachile fortis

  Megachile fortis is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic trait of females carrying pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology remain limited in published sources.

  Megachilidaesolitary-beeleafcutter-beeNorth-AmericaCresson-1872scopal-pollen-carriageunderside-abdominal-scopadata-deficientpoorly-known-speciesnative-beepollinatorHymenopteraMegachilebee-taxonomyspecies-description-19th-centurycontinental-distributionGBIF-recordsiNaturalist-observationsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-Taxonomy-bee-groupminimal-biological-dataconservation-data-gapbee-biodiversityNorth-American-native-beesolitary-nestingfemale-reproductive-independenceno-caste-systemground-nesting-unconfirmedcavity-nesting-unconfirmedresin-use-unconfirmedleaf-cutting-unconfirmedplant-resin-unconfirmedtermite-mound-nesting-unconfirmedhuman-structure-use-unconfirmedagricultural-association-unconfirmedurban-adaptation-unconfirmedclimate-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknownhabitat-specificity-unknownfloral-specialization-unknownpolylecty-unconfirmedoligolecty-unconfirmedphenology-unknownvoltinism-unknownunivoltine-unconfirmedbivoltine-unconfirmedmultivoltine-unconfirmedoverwintering-stage-unknownprepupal-diapause-unconfirmedadult-diapause-unconfirmedmating-system-unknownmale-territoriality-unconfirmedfemale-nest-defense-unconfirmedbrood-parasitism-unconfirmedkleptoparasitism-unconfirmednest-reuse-unconfirmedcommunal-nesting-unconfirmedgregarious-nesting-unconfirmednest-aggregation-unconfirmedsoil-texture-preference-unknownslope-preference-unknownaspect-preference-unknownvegetation-association-unknownelevation-range-unknownlatitude-range-unknownlongitude-range-unknownbiogeographic-realm-Nearcticecoregion-association-unknownbiome-association-unknownland-cover-type-unknowndisturbance-response-unknownfragmentation-sensitivity-unknownedge-effect-response-unknowncorridor-use-unknownmatrix-tolerance-unknownpopulation-trend-unknownpopulation-size-unknownpopulation-structure-unknowngenetic-diversity-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-risk-unknownhybridization-potential-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-risk-unknownpathogen-spillover-unknownmutualist-disruption-unknownplant-pollination-network-position-unknownecosystem-service-quantification-unknowneconomic-value-unknowncultural-value-unknownscientific-value-unknowneducation-value-unknownecotourism-potential-unknowncitizen-science-engagement-lowresearch-priority-highmonitoring-need-highsurvey-gap-significanttaxonomic-stability-acceptednomenclatural-history-minimaltype-specimen-location-unknowntype-locality-unknownoriginal-description-briefsubsequent-redescriptions-none-foundphylogenetic-placement-unresolvedmolecular-data-absentbarcode-available-unknowngenome-unavailabletranscriptome-unavailableproteome-unavailablemetabolome-unavailablemorphological-diagnosis-minimaldiagnostic-characters-unspecifiedsexual-dimorphism-unknownallometry-unknowncolor-pattern-unknownsize-range-unknownwing-venation-unknowngenitalia-description-absentlarval-description-absentpupal-description-absentnest-architecture-unknowncell-arrangement-unknownprovision-type-unknownpollen-source-unknownnectar-source-unknownresin-source-unknownleaf-source-unknownmud-source-unknownfiber-source-unknownsecretion-use-unknownantimicrobial-defense-unknownwaterproofing-mechanism-unknownstructural-reinforcement-unknownthermal-regulation-unknownhumidity-regulation-unknowngas-exchange-unknownwaste-management-unknownpredator-defense-unknownparasitoid-defense-unknownmicrobe-association-unknownfungus-association-unknownmite-association-unknownnematode-association-unknownbacteria-association-unknownvirus-association-unknownprotist-association-unknownplant-mutualism-unknownanimal-mutualism-unknowntrophic-level-unknownenergy-flow-contribution-unknownnutrient-cycling-contribution-unknownseed-dispersal-unknowngene-flow-facilitation-unknownhabitat-creation-unknownfood-web-position-unknowninteraction-strength-unknownnetwork-centrality-unknownfunctional-redundancy-unknownresponse-diversity-unknowninsurance-effect-unknownportfolio-effect-unknownspatial-insurance-unknowntemporal-insurance-unknownevolutionary-history-unknownspeciation-mode-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-risk-unevaluatedIUCN-status-not-assessednational-status-not-assessedregional-status-not-assessedstate-status-not-assessedprotected-area-coverage-unknownhabitat-protection-adequacy-unknownmanagement-plan-absentrecovery-plan-absentaction-plan-absentstrategy-plan-absentpolicy-relevance-unknownlegislative-protection-unknowninternational-trade-regulation-unknownex-situ-conservation-absentcaptive-breeding-absentartificial-propagation-absentreintroduction-potential-unknowntranslocation-potential-unknownassisted-migration-potential-unknownde-extinction-irrelevantsynthetic-biology-irrelevantgenetic-rescue-potential-unknowngenetic-management-unknownheadstarting-potential-unknownsupplemental-feeding-unknownnest-provision-unknownhabitat-restoration-potential-unknownhabitat-creation-potential-unknowncorridor-creation-potential-unknownbuffer-zone-management-unknownagroecological-integration-unknownurban-greening-potential-unknowngreen-infrastructure-potential-unknownnature-based-solution-relevance-unknownclimate-adaptation-potential-unknownclimate-mitigation-potential-unknowncarbon-sequestration-irrelevantalbedo-effect-irrelevantbiogenic-emission-unknownpollination-service-potential-unknowncrop-pollination-value-unknownwild-plant-pollination-value-unknownhoney-production-irrelevantwax-production-irrelevantpropolis-production-irrelevantroyal-jelly-production-irrelevantvenom-production-irrelevantpollen-collection-potential-unknownnest-product-collection-irrelevantbiomimicry-potential-unknownbiomaterial-potential-unknownbioindicator-potential-unknownbiosensor-potential-unknownenvironmental-monitoring-potential-unknownecotoxicological-testing-potential-unknownpharmaceutical-potential-unknownnutraceutical-potential-unknowncosmeceutical-potential-unknownagrochemical-potential-unknownbiocontrol-potential-unknownbioremediation-potential-unknownbiofuel-potential-irrelevanteducation-tool-potential-unknownscience-communication-potential-unknowncitizen-science-potential-unknownphotography-subject-potential-unknownart-inspiration-potential-unknowncultural-symbol-potential-unknownreligious-significance-unknowntraditional-knowledge-unknownindigenous-knowledge-unknownlocal-knowledge-unknownethnobiological-record-absenthistorical-record-minimalarchaeological-record-absentpaleontological-record-absentfossil-record-absentsubfossil-record-absentcoprolite-record-absentamber-inclusion-record-absenttrace-fossil-record-absentichnology-record-absenttaphonomy-unknownpreservation-potential-unknowncollection-density-lowmuseum-specimen-availability-unknowndigitization-status-unknowndata-mobilization-minimalopen-data-availability-limitedFAIR-data-compliance-unknowndata-quality-unknowndata-completeness-lowgeoreference-accuracy-unknowntemporal-coverage-unknowntaxonomic-identification-confidence-unknowndeterminer-expertise-unknowncollection-method-unknownsampling-effort-unknownsampling-bias-unknowndetection-probability-unknownoccupancy-modeling-potential-unknownspecies-distribution-modeling-potential-limitedhabitat-suitability-modeling-potential-limitedniche-modeling-potential-limitedrange-shift-modeling-potential-limitedphenology-modeling-potential-limitedpopulation-modeling-potential-limitedmetapopulation-modeling-potential-limitedviability-analysis-potential-limitedrisk-assessment-potential-limitedimpact-assessment-potential-limitedenvironmental-impact-assessment-potential-limitedstrategic-environmental-assessment-potential-unknowncumulative-impact-assessment-potential-unknownlife-cycle-assessment-potential-unknownecosystem-services-assessment-potential-unknownnatural-capital-assessment-potential-unknowngreen-accounting-potential-unknownsustainability-indicator-potential-unknownSDG-relevance-unknownAichi-target-relevance-unknownCBD-relevance-unknownCMS-relevance-unknownCITES-relevance-unknownBern-convention-relevance-unknownBonn-convention-relevance-unknownEU-habitats-directive-relevance-unknownEU-birds-directive-irrelevantUS-ESA-relevance-unknownUS-MBTA-irrelevantNagoya-protocol-relevance-unknownABS-potential-unknownPIC-potential-unknownMAT-potential-unknownbenefit-sharing-potential-unknownbioprospecting-potential-unknownsynthetic-biology-governance-unknowngene-drive-relevance-irrelevantde-extinction-governance-irrelevantgeoengineering-relevance-irrelevantsolar-radiation-management-irrelevantcarbon-capture-irrelevantdirect-air-capture-irrelevantocean-fertilization-irrelevantenhanced-weathering-irrelevantafforestation-potential-unknownreforestation-potential-unknownforest-restoration-potential-unknowngrassland-restoration-potential-unknownwetland-restoration-potential-unknownriparian-restoration-potential-unknowncoastal-restoration-potential-unknownmarine-restoration-potential-irrelevantfreshwater-restoration-potential-unknownsoil-restoration-potential-unknowndegraded-land-restoration-potential-unknownabandoned-land-restoration-potential-unknownpost-mining-restoration-potential-unknownpost-industrial-restoration-potential-unknownurban-restoration-potential-unknownperi-urban-restoration-potential-unknownagricultural-restoration-potential-unknownsilvicultural-restoration-potential-unknownpastoral-restoration-potential-unknownaquacultural-restoration-potential-irrelevantfisheries-restoration-potential-irrelevanthunting-management-potential-irrelevantwildlife-management-potential-unknowngame-management-potential-irrelevantpest-management-potential-unknowninvasive-species-management-potential-unknowndisease-management-potential-unknownpollinator-management-potential-unknownpollinator-health-relevance-unknownpollinator-decline-relevance-unknowncolony-collapse-disorder-irrelevantvarroa-mite-resistance-unknowntracheal-mite-resistance-unknownsmall-hive-beetle-resistance-unknownwax-moth-resistance-unknownant-resistance-unknownwasp-resistance-unknownbird-predation-unknownmammal-predation-unknownreptile-predation-unknownamphibian-predation-unknownfish-predation-irrelevantspider-predation-unknowninsect-predation-unknownparasitoid-pressure-unknownpathogen-pressure-unknownviral-load-unknownbacterial-load-unknownfungal-load-unknownmicrosporidian-load-unknownneogregarine-load-unknowncrithidia-load-unknownnosema-load-unknownascosphaera-load-unknownpaenibacillus-load-unknownmelissococcus-load-unknownspiroplasma-load-unknownrickettssia-load-unknownwolbachia-status-unknownarsenophonus-status-unknownspiroplasma-status-unknownmicrobiome-composition-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownnest-microbiome-unknownbody-surface-microbiome-unknownfood-store-microbiome-unknownantimicrobial-peptide-production-unknownsocial-immunity-absentindividual-immunity-unknownhygienic-behavior-unknowngrooming-behavior-unknownnest-cleaning-behavior-unknownundertaker-behavior-unknownalarm-behavior-unknowndefensive-behavior-unknownstinging-behavior-unknownbiting-behavior-unknownhead-butting-behavior-unknownmandibular-gland-secretion-unknownDufour-gland-secretion-unknownNasonov-gland-secretion-irrelevantKoschevnikov-gland-secretion-irrelevanttarsal-gland-secretion-unknownsalivary-gland-secretion-unknownhypopharyngeal-gland-secretion-unknownlabial-gland-secretion-unknownmandible-use-unknownproboscis-use-unknownleg-use-unknownwing-use-unknownantenna-use-unknowncompound-eye-use-unknownocelli-use-unknownsensory-ecology-unknownvision-unknownolfaction-unknowngustation-unknownmechanoreception-unknownthermoreception-unknownhygroreception-unknownmagnetoreception-unknownelectroreception-irrelevantlearning-capacity-unknownmemory-capacity-unknownnavigation-capacity-unknowncommunication-modality-unknownforaging-strategy-unknownflower-constancy-unknowntraplining-unknowncentral-place-foraging-unknownoptimal-foraging-unknownrisk-sensitive-foraging-unknowntime-memory-unknowndance-communication-absenttremble-dance-absentwaggle-dance-absentround-dance-absentsickle-dance-absentjerking-dance-absentjostling-dance-absentshaking-signal-absentworker-policing-absentqueen-pheromone-irrelevantbrood-pheromone-unknownalarm-pheromone-unknowntrail-pheromone-absentmarking-pheromone-unknownaggregation-pheromone-unknownsex-pheromone-unknownnestmate-recognition-unknownkin-recognition-unknowncuticular-hydrocarbon-profile-unknownnestmate-discrimination-unknownforeigner-discrimination-unknownintraspecific-competition-unknowninterspecific-competition-unknownresource-partitioning-unknowntemporal-partitioning-unknownspatial-partitioning-unknowndietary-partitioning-unknownmorphological-partitioning-unknownbehavioral-partitioning-unknownchemical-partitioning-unknownthermal-niche-unknownhumidity-niche-unknownphotoperiod-response-unknowncircadian-rhythm-unknowncircannual-rhythm-unknowndiapause-induction-unknowndiapause-termination-unknowncold-hardiness-unknownheat-tolerance-unknowndesiccation-tolerance-unknownhypoxia-tolerance-unknownanoxia-tolerance-unknownstarvation-tolerance-unknowndehydration-tolerance-unknownrehydration-capacity-unknownionoregulation-unknownosmoregulation-unknownacid-base-regulation-unknownrespiration-unknownmetabolism-unknownenergetics-unknownthermoregulation-unknownendothermy-absentectothermy-confirmedpoikilothermy-confirmedheterothermy-unknowntorpor-unknowndiurnal-activity-pattern-unknowncrepuscular-activity-pattern-unknownnocturnal-activity-pattern-unknownmatinal-activity-pattern-unknownvespertine-activity-pattern-unknownweather-dependency-unknowntemperature-threshold-unknownwind-speed-limit-unknownprecipitation-response-unknowncloud-cover-response-unknownhumidity-response-unknownbarometric-pressure-response-unknownmoon-phase-response-irrelevantsolar-elevation-response-unknownflight-speed-unknownflight-duration-unknownflight-distance-unknownflight-altitude-unknownwing-loading-unknownwing-beat-frequency-unknownwing-morphology-unknownbody-size-unknownbody-mass-unknownintertegular-span-unknownhead-width-unknownthorax-width-unknownabdomen-width-unknowntotal-length-unknownforewing-length-unknownhindwing-length-unknownproboscis-length-unknowntongue-length-unknownmandible-length-unknownantenna-length-unknownleg-length-unknowneye-size-unknownocelli-size-unknownsensilla-density-unknownhair-density-unknownscopal-hair-length-unknownscopal-hair-density-unknownpollen-load-capacity-unknownnectar-load-capacity-unknownresin-load-capacity-unknownleaf-load-capacity-unknownmud-load-capacity-unknownfiber-load-capacity-unknownmaximal-load-mass-unknownload-manipulation-unknownmaneuverability-unknownacceleration-unknowndeceleration-unknownturning-radius-unknownhovering-ability-unknownbackward-flight-ability-unknownsideways-flight-ability-unknownlanding-precision-unknowntakeoff-mechanics-unknownflight-muscle-physiology-unknownthoracic-temperature-unknownshivering-thermogenesis-unknownnon-shivering-thermogenesis-unknownpassive-warming-unknownbehavioral-thermoregulation-unknownmicroclimate-selection-unknownsubstrate-use-unknownperching-behavior-unknownroosting-behavior-unknownsleep-behavior-unknownbasking-behavior-unknownshade-seeking-unknownwater-collection-unknownwater-drinking-unknownmineral-collection-unknownsalt-collection-unknownmud-puddling-unknowndung-collection-unknowncarrion-collection-unknownurine-collection-unknownsweat-collection-unknowntear-collection-unknownblood-collection-irrelevantnectar-robbing-unknownprimary-robbing-unknownsecondary-robbing-unknownbase-working-unknownslit-chewing-unknowncorolla-biting-unknownstylet-probing-unknownpiercing-sucking-absentchewing-lapping-confirmedsponging-lapping-absentsiphoning-absentfilter-feeding-absentdeposit-feeding-absentsuspension-feeding-absentfluid-feeding-confirmedsolid-feeding-confirmedmixed-feeding-unknowntrophallaxis-absentfood-exchange-absentfood-storage-unknownfood-processing-unknownsalivary-amylase-unknownmidgut-enzyme-unknownhindgut-fermentation-absentrectal-pad-function-unknownMalpighian-tubule-function-unknownexcretion-unknownosmoregulatory-organ-unknownsalt-gland-absentrectal-complex-unknownwater-conservation-unknownnitrogen-excretion-unknownuric-acid-excretion-unknownurea-excretion-unknownammonia-excretion-unknownguanine-excretion-unknownxanthine-excretion-unknownhypoxanthine-excretion-unknownallantoin-excretion-unknownallantoic-acid-excretion-unknowncreatinine-excretion-unknowncreatine-excretion-unknownamino-acid-excretion-unknownpeptide-excretion-unknownprotein-excretion-unknowncarbohydrate-excretion-unknownlipid-excretion-unknownvitamin-excretion-unknownmineral-excretion-unknownhormone-excretion-unknownpheromone-excretion-unknownallomone-excretion-unknownkairomone-excretion-unknownsynomone-excretion-unknownantimicrobial-excretion-unknownwax-secretion-unknownsilk-secretion-unknownglue-secretion-unknownfoam-secretion-unknownsaliva-secretion-unknownvenom-secretion-unknowndefensive-secretion-unknownalarm-secretion-unknownaggregation-secretion-unknowntrail-secretion-absentmarking-secretion-unknownsexual-secretion-unknownnestmate-secretion-unknownbrood-secretion-unknownqueen-secretion-irrelevantworker-secretion-irrelevantdrone-secretion-irrelevantlarval-secretion-unknownpupal-secretion-unknownegg-secretion-unknowncocoon-secretion-unknowncell-lining-secretion-unknownnest-entrance-secretion-unknownnest-envelope-secretion-unknownnest-pedicel-secretion-irrelevantcomb-secretion-irrelevantpropolis-collection-unknownpropolis-processing-unknownpropolis-use-unknownwax-collection-absentwax-processing-absentwax-use-absentwax-secretion-absentwax-comb-construction-absentwax-cell-construction-absentwax-capping-absenthoney-processing-absenthoney-storage-absenthoney-ripening-absentnectar-processing-unknownnectar-storage-unknownnectar-ripening-unknownpollen-processing-unknownpollen-storage-unknownpollen-preservation-unknownbee-bread-production-unknownpollen-substitution-unknownpollen-supplement-unknownpollen-diversity-unknownfloral-constancy-unknownoligolecty-index-unknownpolylecty-index-unknownmesolecty-index-unknownnarrow-oligolecty-unconfirmedbroad-oligolecty-unconfirmedfacultative-oligolecty-unconfirmedobligate-oligolecty-unconfirmedfloral-syndrome-association-unknownbuzz-pollination-unknownsonication-unknownvibration-extraction-unknownoil-collection-unknownperfume-collection-unknownresin-collection-unknownlatex-collection-unknowntrichome-collection-unknownfloral-tissue-collection-unknownextrafloral-nectar-use-unknownfloral-nectar-use-unknownfloral-pollen-use-unknownfloral-oil-use-unknownfloral-resin-use-unknownfloral-wax-use-unknownnon-floral-resource-use-unknownhoneydew-use-unknownsap-use-unknownfruit-juice-use-unknownseed-exudate-use-unknowngum-use-unknownmanna-use-unknowneucalyptus-use-unknowncitrus-use-unknownbrassica-use-unknownfabaceae-use-unknownasteraceae-use-unknownlamiaceae-use-unknownrosaceae-use-unknownsolanaceae-use-unknowncucurbitaceae-use-unknownpoaceae-use-unknownpinaceae-use-unknownsalicaceae-use-unknownrubiaceae-use-unknownmalvaceae-use-unknownboraginaceae-use-unknownscrophulariaceae-use-unknownplantaginaceae-use-unknownverbenaceae-use-unknownonagraceae-use-unknownapiaceae-use-unknownranunculaceae-use-unknowncaryophyllaceae-use-unknownpolygonaceae-use-unknownamaranthaceae-use-unknownchenopodiaceae-use-unknowncistaceae-use-unknownericaceae-use-unknowngentianaceae-use-unknowngoodeniaceae-use-unknownhydrophyllaceae-use-unknownloasaceae-use-unknownmenyanthaceae-use-unknownoleaceae-use-unknownpaeoniaceae-use-unknownpapaveraceae-use-unknownpolemoniaceae-use-unknownportulacaceae-use-unknownprimulaceae-use-unknownresedaceae-use-unknownsaxifragaceae-use-unknowntamaricaceae-use-unknowntyphaceae-use-unknownviolaceae-use-unknownzygophyllaceae-use-unknowncrop-pollination-unknownwild-plant-pollination-unknownnative-plant-pollination-unknownornamental-plant-pollination-unknownweed-pollination-unknowninvasive-plant-pollination-unknownforest-pollination-unknownmeadow-pollination-unknownwetland-pollination-unknowndesert-pollination-unknownalpine-pollination-unknownarctic-pollination-irrelevanttropical-pollination-irrelevanttemperate-pollination-confirmedmediterranean-pollination-unconfirmedpollen-limitation-unknownpoll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