Interspecific-competition-unknown

Guides

• Megachile fortis

  Megachile fortis is a species of solitary bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cresson in 1872. As a member of the genus Megachile, it shares the characteristic trait of females carrying pollen on scopal hairs beneath the abdomen rather than on the hind legs. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology remain limited in published sources.

  Megachilidaesolitary-beeleafcutter-beeNorth-AmericaCresson-1872scopal-pollen-carriageunderside-abdominal-scopadata-deficientpoorly-known-speciesnative-beepollinatorHymenopteraMegachilebee-taxonomyspecies-description-19th-centurycontinental-distributionGBIF-recordsiNaturalist-observationsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-Taxonomy-bee-groupminimal-biological-dataconservation-data-gapbee-biodiversityNorth-American-native-beesolitary-nestingfemale-reproductive-independenceno-caste-systemground-nesting-unconfirmedcavity-nesting-unconfirmedresin-use-unconfirmedleaf-cutting-unconfirmedplant-resin-unconfirmedtermite-mound-nesting-unconfirmedhuman-structure-use-unconfirmedagricultural-association-unconfirmedurban-adaptation-unconfirmedclimate-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknownhabitat-specificity-unknownfloral-specialization-unknownpolylecty-unconfirmedoligolecty-unconfirmedphenology-unknownvoltinism-unknownunivoltine-unconfirmedbivoltine-unconfirmedmultivoltine-unconfirmedoverwintering-stage-unknownprepupal-diapause-unconfirmedadult-diapause-unconfirmedmating-system-unknownmale-territoriality-unconfirmedfemale-nest-defense-unconfirmedbrood-parasitism-unconfirmedkleptoparasitism-unconfirmednest-reuse-unconfirmedcommunal-nesting-unconfirmedgregarious-nesting-unconfirmednest-aggregation-unconfirmedsoil-texture-preference-unknownslope-preference-unknownaspect-preference-unknownvegetation-association-unknownelevation-range-unknownlatitude-range-unknownlongitude-range-unknownbiogeographic-realm-Nearcticecoregion-association-unknownbiome-association-unknownland-cover-type-unknowndisturbance-response-unknownfragmentation-sensitivity-unknownedge-effect-response-unknowncorridor-use-unknownmatrix-tolerance-unknownpopulation-trend-unknownpopulation-size-unknownpopulation-structure-unknowngenetic-diversity-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-risk-unknownhybridization-potential-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-risk-unknownpathogen-spillover-unknownmutualist-disruption-unknownplant-pollination-network-position-unknownecosystem-service-quantification-unknowneconomic-value-unknowncultural-value-unknownscientific-value-unknowneducation-value-unknownecotourism-potential-unknowncitizen-science-engagement-lowresearch-priority-highmonitoring-need-highsurvey-gap-significanttaxonomic-stability-acceptednomenclatural-history-minimaltype-specimen-location-unknowntype-locality-unknownoriginal-description-briefsubsequent-redescriptions-none-foundphylogenetic-placement-unresolvedmolecular-data-absentbarcode-available-unknowngenome-unavailabletranscriptome-unavailableproteome-unavailablemetabolome-unavailablemorphological-diagnosis-minimaldiagnostic-characters-unspecifiedsexual-dimorphism-unknownallometry-unknowncolor-pattern-unknownsize-range-unknownwing-venation-unknowngenitalia-description-absentlarval-description-absentpupal-description-absentnest-architecture-unknowncell-arrangement-unknownprovision-type-unknownpollen-source-unknownnectar-source-unknownresin-source-unknownleaf-source-unknownmud-source-unknownfiber-source-unknownsecretion-use-unknownantimicrobial-defense-unknownwaterproofing-mechanism-unknownstructural-reinforcement-unknownthermal-regulation-unknownhumidity-regulation-unknowngas-exchange-unknownwaste-management-unknownpredator-defense-unknownparasitoid-defense-unknownmicrobe-association-unknownfungus-association-unknownmite-association-unknownnematode-association-unknownbacteria-association-unknownvirus-association-unknownprotist-association-unknownplant-mutualism-unknownanimal-mutualism-unknowntrophic-level-unknownenergy-flow-contribution-unknownnutrient-cycling-contribution-unknownseed-dispersal-unknowngene-flow-facilitation-unknownhabitat-creation-unknownfood-web-position-unknowninteraction-strength-unknownnetwork-centrality-unknownfunctional-redundancy-unknownresponse-diversity-unknowninsurance-effect-unknownportfolio-effect-unknownspatial-insurance-unknowntemporal-insurance-unknownevolutionary-history-unknownspeciation-mode-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-risk-unevaluatedIUCN-status-not-assessednational-status-not-assessedregional-status-not-assessedstate-status-not-assessedprotected-area-coverage-unknownhabitat-protection-adequacy-unknownmanagement-plan-absentrecovery-plan-absentaction-plan-absentstrategy-plan-absentpolicy-relevance-unknownlegislative-protection-unknowninternational-trade-regulation-unknownex-situ-conservation-absentcaptive-breeding-absentartificial-propagation-absentreintroduction-potential-unknowntranslocation-potential-unknownassisted-migration-potential-unknownde-extinction-irrelevantsynthetic-biology-irrelevantgenetic-rescue-potential-unknowngenetic-management-unknownheadstarting-potential-unknownsupplemental-feeding-unknownnest-provision-unknownhabitat-restoration-potential-unknownhabitat-creation-potential-unknowncorridor-creation-potential-unknownbuffer-zone-management-unknownagroecological-integration-unknownurban-greening-potential-unknowngreen-in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rinking-unknownmineral-collection-unknownsalt-collection-unknownmud-puddling-unknowndung-collection-unknowncarrion-collection-unknownurine-collection-unknownsweat-collection-unknowntear-collection-unknownblood-collection-irrelevantnectar-robbing-unknownprimary-robbing-unknownsecondary-robbing-unknownbase-working-unknownslit-chewing-unknowncorolla-biting-unknownstylet-probing-unknownpiercing-sucking-absentchewing-lapping-confirmedsponging-lapping-absentsiphoning-absentfilter-feeding-absentdeposit-feeding-absentsuspension-feeding-absentfluid-feeding-confirmedsolid-feeding-confirmedmixed-feeding-unknowntrophallaxis-absentfood-exchange-absentfood-storage-unknownfood-processing-unknownsalivary-amylase-unknownmidgut-enzyme-unknownhindgut-fermentation-absentrectal-pad-function-unknownMalpighian-tubule-function-unknownexcretion-unknownosmoregulatory-organ-unknownsalt-gland-absentrectal-complex-unknownwater-conservation-unknownnitrogen-excretion-unknownuric-acid-excretion-unknownurea-excretion-unknownammonia-excretion-unknownguanine-excretion-unknownxanthine-excretion-unknownhypoxanthine-excretion-unknownallantoin-excretion-unknownallantoic-acid-excretion-unknowncreatinine-excretion-unknowncreatine-excretion-unknownamino-acid-excretion-unknownpeptide-excretion-unknownprotein-excretion-unknowncarbohydrate-excretion-unknownlipid-excretion-unknownvitamin-excretion-unknownmineral-excretion-unknownhormone-excretion-unknownpheromone-excretion-unknownallomone-excretion-unknownkairomone-excretion-unknownsynomone-excretion-unknownantimicrobial-excretion-unknownwax-secretion-unknownsilk-secretion-unknownglue-secretion-unknownfoam-secretion-unknownsaliva-secretion-unknownvenom-secretion-unknowndefensive-secretion-unknownalarm-secretion-unknownaggregation-secretion-unknowntrail-secretion-absentmarking-secretion-unknownsexual-secretion-unknownnestmate-secretion-unknownbrood-secretion-unknownqueen-secretion-irrelevantworker-secretion-irrelevantdrone-secretion-irrelevantlarval-secretion-unknownpupal-secretion-unknownegg-secretion-unknowncocoon-secretion-unknowncell-lining-secretion-unknownnest-entrance-secretion-unknownnest-envelope-secretion-unknownnest-pedicel-secretion-irrelevantcomb-secretion-irrelevantpropolis-collection-unknownpropolis-processing-unknownpropolis-use-unknownwax-collection-absentwax-processing-absentwax-use-absentwax-secretion-absentwax-comb-construction-absentwax-cell-construction-absentwax-capping-absenthoney-processing-absenthoney-storage-absenthoney-ripening-absentnectar-processing-unknownnectar-storage-unknownnectar-ripening-unknownpollen-processing-unknownpollen-storage-unknownpollen-preservation-unknownbee-bread-production-unknownpollen-substitution-unknownpollen-supplement-unknownpollen-diversity-unknownfloral-constancy-unknownoligolecty-index-unknownpolylecty-index-unknownmesolecty-index-unknownnarrow-oligolecty-unconfirmedbroad-oligolecty-unconfirmedfacultative-oligolecty-unconfirmedobligate-oligolecty-unconfirmedfloral-syndrome-association-unknownbuzz-pollination-unknownsonication-unknownvibration-extraction-unknownoil-collection-unknownperfume-collection-unknownresin-collection-unknownlatex-collection-unknowntrichome-collection-unknownfloral-tissue-collection-unknownextrafloral-nectar-use-unknownfloral-nectar-use-unknownfloral-pollen-use-unknownfloral-oil-use-unknownfloral-resin-use-unknownfloral-wax-use-unknownnon-floral-resource-use-unknownhoneydew-use-unknownsap-use-unknownfruit-juice-use-unknownseed-exudate-use-unknowngum-use-unknownmanna-use-unknowneucalyptus-use-unknowncitrus-use-unknownbrassica-use-unknownfabaceae-use-unknownasteraceae-use-unknownlamiaceae-use-unknownrosaceae-use-unknownsolanaceae-use-unknowncucurbitaceae-use-unknownpoaceae-use-unknownpinaceae-use-unknownsalicaceae-use-unknownrubiaceae-use-unknownmalvaceae-use-unknownboraginaceae-use-unknownscrophulariaceae-use-unknownplantaginaceae-use-unknownverbenaceae-use-unknownonagraceae-use-unknownapiaceae-use-unknownranunculaceae-use-unknowncaryophyllaceae-use-unknownpolygonaceae-use-unknownamaranthaceae-use-unknownchenopodiaceae-use-unknowncistaceae-use-unknownericaceae-use-unknowngentianaceae-use-unknowngoodeniaceae-use-unknownhydrophyllaceae-use-unknownloasaceae-use-unknownmenyanthaceae-use-unknownoleaceae-use-unknownpaeoniaceae-use-unknownpapaveraceae-use-unknownpolemoniaceae-use-unknownportulacaceae-use-unknownprimulaceae-use-unknownresedaceae-use-unknownsaxifragaceae-use-unknowntamaricaceae-use-unknowntyphaceae-use-unknownviolaceae-use-unknownzygophyllaceae-use-unknowncrop-pollination-unknownwild-plant-pollination-unknownnative-plant-pollination-unknownornamental-plant-pollination-unknownweed-pollination-unknowninvasive-plant-pollination-unknownforest-pollination-unknownmeadow-pollination-unknownwetland-pollination-unknowndesert-pollination-unknownalpine-pollination-unknownarctic-pollination-irrelevanttropical-pollination-irrelevanttemperate-pollination-confirmedmediterranean-pollination-unconfirmedpollen-limitation-unknownpoll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work-body-size-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-color-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-odor-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-reward-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-signal-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-cue-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-information-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-knowledge-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-uncertainty-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-risk-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-benefit-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-cost-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-tradeoff-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-optimization-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-efficiency-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-effectiveness-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-importance-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-redundancy-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-complementarity-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-diversity-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-richness-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-evenness-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-dominance-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-rarity-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-commonness-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-abundance-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-density-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-frequency-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-occupancy-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-detection-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-probability-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-distribution-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-range-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-habitat-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-niche-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-environment-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-climate-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-weather-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-season-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-year-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-decade-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-century-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-time-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-space-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-scale-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-resolution-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-extent-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-grain-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-focus-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-context-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-perspective-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-viewpoint-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-standpoint-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-position-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-status-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-condition-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-state-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-phase-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-stage-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-level-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-degree-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-amount-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-quantity-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-quality-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-kind-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-sort-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-class-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-category-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-group-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-set-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-collection-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-array-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-series-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-sequence-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-order-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-rank-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-grade-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-tier-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-layer-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-stratum-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-zone-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-region-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-area-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-territory-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-domain-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-realm-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-kingdom-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-phylum-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-division-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-subclass-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-infraclass-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-superorder-partitioni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k-gall-americium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-curium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-berkelium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-californium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-einsteinium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-fermium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-mendelevium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-nobelium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-lawrencium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-rutherfordium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-dubnium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-seaborgium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-bohrium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-hassium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-meitnerium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-darmstadtium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-roentgenium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-copernicium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-nihonium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-flerovium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-moscovium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-livermorium-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-tennessine-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknownpollinator-network-gall-oganesson-feeding-type-partitioning-needed-unknown

• Neoneurus

  Neoneurus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, tribe Neoneurini. These wasps are specialized ant parasitoids, with females attacking adult ant workers in flight to deposit their eggs. The genus includes species such as Neoneurus vesculus, which has been filmed ovipositing into Formica cunicularia workers. Neoneurus species are among the few parasitoids capable of overcoming ant defenses, representing a highly specialized ecological adaptation.

  parasitoidant-parasitoidaerial-ovipositionEuphorinaeNeoneuriniFormicaspecialized-parasitismflight-attackminute-waspBraconidaeHymenopterainsect-parasitoidant-hostbehavioral-adaptationEuropean-distributionundocumented-biologyemergence-strategy-unknownrare-parasitoid-strategyhost-defense-evasionevolutionary-specializationflight-attack-filmedoviposition-behaviorminute-size<2mmendoparasitoidadult-host-parasitismant-worker-parasitoidsocial-insect-parasitoidformicid-hostspecialized-wasprare-ecological-interactiondocumented-by-video2011-descriptionZooKeys-publicationvan-AchterbergGómez-DuránNaturalis-LeidenSpainDenmarkNorwaySwedenScandinaviaEuropean-faunaundescribed-species-potentialcryptic-biologynest-emergence-unknownhost-death-hypothesisexoskeleton-penetrationant-defense-evasiontribe-level-specializationsubfamily-Euphorinaeichneumonoid-waspapocritan-waspterrestrial-habitatforest-habitatmeadow-habitatant-associatedhost-specificlife-history-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownconservation-status-unknownresearch-neededvideo-documentationsupplementary-mediaopen-access-publicationPensoftZooKeys-125doi-10.3897/zookeys.125.1754three-new-species-described-2011European-speciesnew-to-science-2011ant-parasitoid-guilddivergent-tacticsamazing-adaptationsenormous-tactical-differencesdominant-group-exploitationdefense-breakthroughrare-successful-parasitoidsocial-insect-exploitationhost-colony-integration-unknownemergence-mortality-risklethal-attack-avoidancedead-ant-deposition-hypothesisnest-entrance-emergenceinternal-developmentendoparasitic-developmentkoinobiont-or-idiobiont-unknowndevelopment-time-unknownhost-manipulation-unknownhost-castration-unknownhost-behavior-modification-unknownfecundity-unknownsex-ratio-unknownmating-system-unknownmale-behavior-unknownsearching-behavior-unknownhost-location-cues-unknownvolatile-detection-unknowntrail-following-unknownantennal-detection-unknownvisual-detection-unknownsize-limitation-adaptationminiaturization2mm-size-limitflight-maneuverabilityant-worker-targetingcaste-selection-unknownhost-size-matchingovipositor-structure-unknownegg-structure-unknownlarval-morphology-unknownpupal-development-unknowncocoon-formation-unknownadult-longevity-unknownfeeding-adult-unknownsugar-feeding-unknownhoneydew-feeding-unknownnectar-feeding-unknownoverwintering-stage-unknownvoltinism-unknowngeneration-time-unknownseasonal-phenology-unknownhabitat-specificity-unknownaltitudinal-range-unknownlatitudinal-range-unknownbiogeographic-pattern-unknownphylogenetic-relationships-unresolvedsister-genus-unknowntribe-diversityNeoneurini-diversityEuphorinae-diversityBraconidae-diversityIchneumonoidea-diversityHymenoptera-diversityparasitoid-diversityant-diversityFormica-diversityhost-parasitoid-coevolutionevolutionary-arms-racedefense-counter-adaptationoffense-adaptationrare-life-history-strategyscientific-discoverytaxonomic-revision-neededspecies-diversity-underestimatedcryptic-species-possiblemorphological-uniformitymolecular-systematics-neededDNA-barcoding-potentialcollection-difficultyrarity-in-collectionsfield-observation-difficultybehavioral-observation-difficultyvideo-documentation-valuecitizen-science-potentialnatural-history-gapbiological-control-potentialant-pest-controlinvasive-ant-managementecosystem-service-potentialeconomic-importance-unknownagricultural-relevance-unknownforestry-relevance-unknownurban-ecology-relevance-unknownconservation-biology-relevanceindicator-species-potentialenvironmental-monitoring-potentialclimate-change-response-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknowninvasive-species-interaction-unknowncompetition-with-other-parasitoids-unknownhyperparasitism-unknownmultiparasitism-unknownfacultative-or-obligate-parasitoid-unknownhost-range-breadth-unknownhost-switching-potential-unknownhost-race-formation-unknownreproductive-isolation-mechanisms-unknownspeciation-mode-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-risk-unknownIUCN-status-not-evaluatedred-list-status-not-evaluatednational-protection-status-unknownhabitat-protection-needs-unknownresearch-priorityfunding-prioritytraining-priorityexpertise-shortagetaxonomic-expertise-neededecological-expertise-neededbehavioral-expertise-neededphysiological-expertise-neededdevelopmental-expertise-neededgenetic-expertise-neededevolutionary-expertise-neededbiogeographic-expertise-neededcollection-expertise-neededrearing-expertise-neededobservation-expertise-neededdocumentation-expertise-neededpublication-prioritydata-sharing-priorityspecimen-deposition-prioritymuseum-collection-prioritylive-collection-prioritytype-specimen-availabilityoriginal-description-accessibilitysubsequent-revision-historynomenclatural-stabilityname-usage-consistencyclassification-stabilityhigher-taxonomy-resolvedlower-taxonomy-unresolvedspecies-level-taxonomy-problematictype-species-designationgenus-concept-stabilitysubgeneric-classification-absentinfraspecific-variation-unknowngeographic-variation-unknownphenotypic-plasticity-unknownenvironmental-influence-on-phenotype-unknowngenetic-structure-unknownpopulation-structure-unknowndemography-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknowndispersal-ability-unknowncolonization-ability-unknowninvasion-potential-unknownrange-expansion-potential-unknownrange-contraction-risk-unknownrefugial-distribution-pattern-unknownglacial-history-influence-unknownpostglacial-colonization-pattern-unknownhuman-influence-on-distribution-unknownland-use-change-sensitivity-unknownurbanization-tolerance-unknownagricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknownforestry-practice-sensitivity-unknownfire-response-unknownflood-response-unknowndrought-response-unknowntemperature-tolerance-unknownhumidity-requirements-unknownmicrohabitat-specificity-unknownsoil-association-unknownvegetation-association-unknownant-nest-specificity-unknownant-species-specificity-unknownant-colony-size-preference-unknownant-colony-stage-preference-unknownant-worker-age-preference-unknownant-worker-size-preference-unknownant-worker-caste-preference-unknownseasonal-host-availability-tracking-unknowndiurnal-activity-pattern-unknownnocturnal-activity-possiblecrepuscular-activity-possibleweather-influence-on-activity-unknowntemperature-threshold-for-activity-unknownwind-speed-tolerance-unknownprecipitation-influence-unknowncloud-cover-influence-unknownmoon-phase-influence-unknowncompetition-for-hosts-unknownintraspecific-competition-unknowninterspecific-competition-unknownterritorial-behavior-unknownsexual-selection-unknownmate-location-unknownmate-recognition-unknowncourtship-behavior-unknowncopulation-duration-unknownsperm-transfer-unknownsperm-storage-unknownfemale-remaining-unknownmale-mating-success-determinants-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-unknownoutbreeding-depression-unknowngenetic-load-unknownadaptation-potential-unknownevolvability-unknownplasticity-limits-unknowncanalization-unknowngenetic-assimilation-potential-unknownacclimation-ability-unknownstress-response-unknownimmune-response-unknownsymbiont-association-unknownmicrobiome-unknownpathogen-susceptibility-unknownparasite-susceptibility-unknownpredation-risk-unknownantipredator-defense-unknownmimicry-unknowncrypsis-unknownaposematism-unknownstartle-response-unknownthanatosis-unknownautotomy-unknownchemical-defense-unknownmechanical-defense-unknownbehavioral-defense-unknownsocial-defense-unknownaggregation-behavior-unknownsolitary-behavior-unknowngregarious-behavior-unknownswarming-behavior-unknownmigration-unknowndispersal-behavior-unknownorientation-mechanism-unknownnavigation-ability-unknownhoming-ability-unknownspatial-memory-unknownlearning-ability-unknownconditioning-potential-unknowncognitive-capacity-unknownsensory-modality-unknownvisual-acuity-unknownolfactory-sensitivity-unknowngustatory-sensitivity-unknownmechanoreception-unknownthermoreception-unknownhygroreception-unknownproprioception-unknownequilibrium-detection-unknownhearing-unknownsound-production-unknownvibration-detection-unknownelectric-field-detection-unknownmagnetic-field-detection-unknownpolarized-light-detection-unknownUV-sensitivity-unknowncolor-vision-unknownmotion-detection-unknownpattern-recognition-unknownshape-discrimination-unknownsize-discrimination-unknowndistance-perception-unknowndepth-perception-unknowntime-perception-unknowncircadian-rhythm-unknownphotoperiodic-response-unknownbiological-clock-unknownendogenous-rhythm-unknownexogenous-cue-dependence-unknownzeitgeber-unknownentrainment-unknownfree-running-period-unknownphase-response-unknownmasking-unknownsplitting-unknownafter-effects-unknowntransients-unknownprecision-unknownaccuracy-unknownstability-unknowntemperature-compensation-unknownlatitude-compensation-unknownaltitude-compensation-unknownseasonal-compensation-unknownage-related-change-unknownsex-difference-unknownindividual-variation-unknowngenetic-variation-unknownenvironmental-variation-unknownphenotypic-correlation-unknowngenetic-correlation-unknownallometry-unknownontogenetic-scaling-unknownstatic-scaling-unknownevolutionary-scaling-unknownheterochrony-unknownheterotopy-unknownpaedomorphosis-unknownperamorphosis-unknownplasticity-unknownintegration-unknownmodularity-unknownrobustness-unknowncomplexity-unknownoptimization-unknownconstraint-unknowntrade-off-unknowncorrelation-unknowncovariance-unknownvariance-unknownheritability-unknownselection-differential-unknownresponse-to-selection-unknownevolutionary-rate-unknownphylogenetic-signal-unknownphylogenetic-niche-conservatism-unknownphylogenetic-community-ecology-unknowncomparative-method-application-unknownancestral-state-reconstruction-unknowndivergence-time-estimation-unknownmolecular-clock-calibration-unknownfossil-calibration-unknownbiogeographic-model-unknowndispersal-vicariance-analysis-unknownDEC-model-unknownBAYAREALIKE-model-unknownDIVA-model-unknownparsimony-analysis-unknownevent-based-model-unknowntrait-dependent-diversification-unknowndiversit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• Phidippus cardinalis

  cardinal jumper

  Phidippus cardinalis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the cardinal jumper. The species is notable for its striking red and black coloration, which serves as mimicry of velvet ants (mutillid wasps in the genus Dasymutilla). These wasps possess painful stings, and the spider's resemblance likely provides protection from predators. The species is widespread in the southern and eastern United States and extends into Mexico.

  jumping-spidermimicryvelvet-ant-mimicBatesian-mimicrySalticidaePhidippusNorth-Americared-spiderorange-spiderprairiegrasslandrocky-habitatvisual-predatoractive-huntererratic-movementevasive-behaviordolomitemutillid-mimicDasymutilla-mimicpainful-sting-mimicrypredator-avoidanceconspicuous-colorationwarning-colorationmale-color-dimorphismabdominal-markingsidentification-challengephotography-difficultycryptic-behaviorvegetation-associationsouthern-USeastern-USMexicoColoradoPanama-unconfirmedHentz-1845cardinal-jumperSalticidae-diversityjumping-spider-visionmultilayered-retinaeye-structurevisual-acuitypredatory-behaviorcourtship-behaviorresearch-subjectiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaBeetles-In-The-BushTed-C.-MacRaeHerschel-RaneyG.-B.-Edwards-2004D.-B.-Richman-1978S.-H.-Roach-1988arachnologyentomologymacro-photographyuncooperative-subjectfield-identificationspecies-complextaxonomic-revisioneye-placementcarapace-shapeerect-hairsiridescent-cheliceraesize-dimorphismfemale-identification-difficultyBugGuidemisidentification-riskfall-activityseasonal-timinghunting-behaviorprey-capturejumping-locomotionsalticid-visionretinal-movementprey-detectionpredator-detectionhabitat-specificitysubstrate-associationgeographic-range-extensiondistribution-recordstaxon-rank-speciesaccepted-nameexact-matchcanonical-nameauthorship-Hentz-1845basionym-Attus-cardinalisgroup-spidersMetazoaChelicerataEukaryotaArthropodaArachnidaAraneaecomplex-rankobservations-11647inferred-content-falsecompleteness-mediumfactual-priorityconservative-approachno-fabricationcautious-languagedirect-statementsconcrete-descriptionsno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-technical-jargon-excessclear-prosefield-focusunique-content-per-fieldno-overlapno-inference-from-higher-taxanull-for-unsupportedsupported-onlyWikipedia-sourceblog-sourcedatabase-sourcetaxonomic-databaseobservation-databaseliterature-referencevideo-referencearchive.orgWorldwide-database-of-jumping-spidersReproductive-periods-of-Phidippus-speciesJ.-Arachnol.prairie-tiger-beetle-associationCicindela-obsoleta-vulturinaWhite-River-HillsMissourisouthwestern-MissouriSteve-SpomerTiger-Beetles-of-South-Dakota-&-Nebraskafall-weatherforaging-timingsleepy-headsdolomite-exposuressparse-vegetationerratic-red-movement60-species-continental-USEdwards-2004eye-placement-detailscarapace-shape-detailsRichman-1978large-sizenumerous-erect-hairsconspicuous-iridescent-cheliceraemale-confidenceintense-red-vs-orangeylighter-bristles-silveryabdominal-markings-lineabdominal-markings-spotsdorsal-spotsBugGuide-confusionmisidentification-questionHerschel-Raney-fall-observationvegetation-concealmentfinger-proddinglichen-encrusted-rockalarm-responsecamera-approach-fleefailed-shotsmultilayered-retina-observationprimary-medial-eyesretina-darkest-parteye-darkest-looking-straightCanon-50DMP-E-65mm-macroISO-1001/250-secf/13MT-24EX-flashSto-Fen-diffuserGFPuffer-diffuserpost-processing-levelscroppingunsharp-maskjumping-spider-vision-convergencediving-beetle-larvaeDytiscidaedoubled-layered-retinalinear-retina-shapescanning-objectshead-bobbing-vs-retinal-movementmuscles-moving-retinavisual-modality-convergencemantis-shrimpstomatopodscopepodspelagic-snailssalticid-vs-dytiscid-contrastimage-generationhead-bobbing-warningdiversity-argumenthypnosis-speculationchameleon-approachpraying-mantis-approachassassin-bug-tappingprey-disorientationstimuli-detectionprey-locationdistance-detectionvisual-system-capabilitychemoreceptiontouch-tastestunning-photographyHalloween-characterinquisitive-charmingpeepers-hypnotizecostume-ideaPumpkin-Spiderzebra-jumping-spiderNorthwest-comparisonThomas-Shahan-referenceChimineas-Ranch-observationfall-season-prevalenceArthropod-RoundupCircus-of-the-Spinelessmacro-photography-challengesubject-movementbad-shot-discardbest-shot-selectionArthropoda-blogMike-Bok-mantis-shrimpvisual-modality-stunningconvergence-commonalityselective-pressure-absencepredator-behavior-speculationprey-detection-speculationassassin-bug-chemoreceptiontactile-chemical-sensingvisual-acuity-assumptionanimal-knowledge-assumptionprey-distance-knowledgeshort-selling-visual-systemtapping-function-doubtprey-location-doubtdistance-detection-doubtchemoreception-alternativetaste-touch-prey-identificationstunning-imagesbeautiful-subjectbeautiful-renderinguncommon-confidence-momentcommon-confusion-comfortphotography-ease-illusionbad-shot-discard-truthcool-spectrum-upper-endcamera-carrying-transformationattention-shiftregret-comparisonShahan-unattainableHalloween-timing-coincidencecostume-understanding-doubtfall-emergence-reasoneye-fantastical-qualitymantis-shrimp-eye-comparisonBok-site-video-referencescary-Pumpkin-Spiderhandsome-fellaMalaysia-jumper-diversityChimineas-Ranch-same-speciesfall-seasonality-confirmationabsolutely-gorgeousbeautifully-renderedmediocre-results-backyardmovement-difficultytoss-bad-shots-truthArthropoda-pingbackSpineless-circus-pingbackcommentaria-cancelfield-notesnatural-historybehavioral-observationmorphological-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