Host-association
Guides
Chrysobothris dudleyaphaga
Chrysobothris dudleyaphaga is a jewel beetle species in the family Buprestidae, described by Westcott in 2007 from California and Baja California. It represents a significant host association discovery, being the first buprestid documented to feed on Dudleya species (Crassulaceae). This finding established that both larval and adult Buprestidae utilize hosts in the Crassulaceae plant family. The species was described with detailed biological notes in its original description.
Pinnixa
pea crabs
Pinnixa is a genus of small symbiotic crabs in the family Pinnotheridae, commonly known as pea crabs. Species in this genus are obligate or facultative symbionts of various marine invertebrates including bivalve mollusks, tube worms, ghost shrimp, and holothurians. The genus is characterized by a reduced rostrum, absence of teeth between the eyes, and a compact carapace adapted for living within host structures. Multiple species have been documented across the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas and Asia.
Stelis
leach orchids
Stelis is a genus of Old World cleptoparasitic bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Anthidiini. These bees are obligate cleptoparasites, meaning they do not construct their own nests but instead lay eggs in the nests of host bees, where their larvae consume the host's pollen provisions. The genus was established by Panzer in 1806 and contains multiple species distributed across Europe, Asia, and into the Arabian Peninsula. Some species have shown recent range expansions, with new country records continuing to be documented.