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Agalmatium bilobum
Agalmatium bilobum is a planthopper species in the family Issidae, first described as Hysteropterum bilobum by Fieber in 1877. It belongs to the tribe Hysteropterini within the subfamily Hysteropterinae. The species has been documented across Turkey and southern Italy, with over 800 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Like other issid planthoppers, it possesses a compact body form and reduced wings characteristic of the family.
Issidae planthopper Auchenorrhyncha Turkey Italy Mediterranean
Airaphilus
Airaphilus is a genus of beetles in the family Silvanidae, subfamily Silvaninae. The genus contains approximately 30 described species distributed across Europe, North Africa, Madagascar, and Japan. At least one species, Airaphilus abei, is flightless (apterous) and has been assessed as potentially endangered due to habitat loss. The genus was first described by Redtenbacher in 1858.
Silvanidae Coleoptera beetles wetland apterous Japan Mediterranean
Anacridium aegyptium
Egyptian grasshopper, Egyptian locust, Egyptian Bird Grasshopper
One of the largest European grasshoppers, reaching up to 70 mm in females. Distinguished by striped eyes, blue hind tibiae, and orange hind femora with dark markings. Solitary and folivorous, inhabiting warm, bright environments from sea level to 1,500 m. Active year-round with adults most visible August–September; overwinters as adults and spawns in spring.
grasshopper orthoptera folivore solitary Mediterranean large-size striped-eyes nonlinear-locomotion overwintering-adult
Billaea
Billaea is a genus of tachinid flies comprising approximately 80 described species. Most larvae are parasitoids of beetle larvae, particularly cerambycids and lucanids, with some species attacking lepidopteran hosts in the family Pyralidae. Several species have been investigated as biological control agents for agricultural and forestry pests, including palm weevils and sugarcane borers.
Tachinidae parasitoid biological-control Cerambycidae Dryophthoridae Crambidae viviparous planidia forest-pest agricultural-pest oil-palm sugarcane palm-weevil wood-borer southeast-Asia South-America Europe Bulgaria Brazil Turkey Mexico Peru integrated-pest-management natural-enemy host-searching kairomones superparasitism mass-rearing Galleria-mellonella laboratory-host frass gallery tunnel pupal-parasitoid larval-parasitoid ectoparasitoid endoparasitoid Coleoptera Lepidoptera Diptera Brachycera Dexiinae Dexiini Robineau-Desvoidy-1830 80-species global-distribution forestry agriculture ornamental-palms date-palm coconut Rhynchophorus Diatraea Prionus Xylotrechus climate-matching establishment-potential Mediterranean Middle-East California invasive-species red-palm-weevil American-palm-weevil red-ring-disease vector-control natural-mortality pest-management sustainable-agriculture host-specificity trophic-association new-host-record parasitism-rate field-parasitism laboratory-rearing adult-longevity fecundity sex-ratio pupal-viability pupal-duration planidia-length food-resources pollen honey sucrose flowering-plants spontaneous-flora companion-plants habitat-management conservation-biological-control augmentative-biological-control classical-biological-control quarantine host-range circumstantial-evidence taxonomic-confusion B.-rhynchophorae B.-menezesi B.-adelpha B.-claripalpis B.-rutilans B.-cerambycivora B.-steini B.-fortis B.-irrorata B.-pectinata B.-setosa B.-triangulifera B.-lata B.-intermedia B.-biserialis B.-gigantea B.-rubens B.-maritima B.-marmorata B.-aurifrons B.-verticalis B.-flava B.-chinensis B.-brevicauda B.-kurahashii B.-micronychia B.-papei B.-setigera B.-yintiaoling B.-rufescens B.-triquetrus B.-rubida B.-rufiventris B.-brasiliensis B.-friburgensis B.-giacomeli B.-kosterae B.-plaumanni B.-shannoni B.-africana B.-argentaurea B.-atkinsoni B.-capensis B.-communis B.-decisa B.-edwardsi B.-erecta B.-ficorum B.-grandis B.-impigra B.-interrupta B.-kolomyetzi B.-luteola B.-malayana B.-minor B.-monohammi B.-montana B.-morosa B.-nipigonensis B.-orbitalis B.-ovata B.-quadrinota B.-rhingiaeformis B.-robusta B.-satisfacta B.-sibleyi B.-sjostedti B.-solivaga B.-trivittata B.-trochanterata B.-vanemdeni B.-velutina B.-versicolor B.-villeneuvei B.-vitripennis B.-zimini B.-lateralis B.-lativentris
Blaptini
Blaptini is a tribe of darkling beetles within the subfamily Blaptinae (Tenebrionidae). The tribe contains more than 30 genera and was moved from Tenebrioninae to the resurrected subfamily Blaptinae in 2021, representing a major taxonomic reclassification. Members are primarily distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of Asia, with notable diversity on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau and in the Mediterranean basin. The tribe includes flightless species adapted to high-elevation and xeric environments.
darkling-beetles flightless arid-adapted high-elevation Tibetan-Plateau Mediterranean taxonomic-revision
Brachyceridae
Brachyceridae is a family of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) containing at least 150 genera. The family has been treated historically as a subfamily of Curculionidae, but is now recognized as distinct. Some constituent genera, such as Absoloniella, contain blind, wingless species restricted to Mediterranean regions. The family belongs to the superfamily Curculionoidea, placing it among the true weevils.
weevils Curculionoidea blind wingless Mediterranean cave-dwelling subterranean
Caliscelis bonellii
Caliscelis bonellii is a planthopper species in the family Caliscelidae, originally described as Fulgora bonellii by Latreille in 1807. It belongs to the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, a group known for their enlarged frons and distinctive head morphology. The species has been recorded across Mediterranean Europe and has been introduced to North America, with observations in California. It is one of the more frequently documented species in its genus, with over 250 iNaturalist observations.
planthopper Caliscelidae Mediterranean introduced-species Hemiptera
Colaspidea
Colaspidea is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. The genus exhibits a disjunct distribution, occurring in the Mediterranean region and in western North America (California and the southwestern United States). A notable morphological distinction exists between regional species: North American species possess fully developed wings, while Mediterranean species are wingless. Recent phylogenetic hypotheses suggest that Mediterranean Colaspidea may be sister to Chalcosicya, with Colaspina sister to both combined; North American species may represent a separate genus. The genus currently contains 19 described species.
leaf-beetle Eumolpinae Chrysomelidae disjunct-distribution wing-dimorphism aptery Mediterranean North-America California phylogenetic-uncertainty
Cosmochthonius
Cosmochthonius is a genus of oribatid mites (Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae) established by Berlese in 1910. The genus comprises at least eleven species distributed across the Mediterranean basin and parts of the former Soviet Union. Species exhibit a split distribution pattern, with five species occurring in both western and eastern Mediterranean regions while six species are endemic to the eastern Mediterranean.
oribatid mite Mediterranean soil-fauna
Derelomus
Derelomus is a genus of weevils (Curculionidae: Derelomini) distributed across the Afrotropical and Mediterranean regions. The genus comprises 32 recognized species, organized into four main species groups based on morphological and molecular data. Species exhibit specialized brood site pollination mutualisms with host plants, with different species groups associated with distinct plant families: Fabaceae (Vachellia), Achariaceae/Ebenaceae, Strelitziaceae/Arecaceae (Strelitzia and Phoenix reclinata), and Arecaceae palms (Chamaerops, Cocos, Phoenix). Adults are small weevils with rostrate heads typical of the family.
Curculionidae Derelomini nursery-pollination brood-site-pollination mutualism Afrotropical Mediterranean host-specificity inflorescence-specialist
Dichelia
Dichelia is a genus of tortrix moths in the tribe Archipini, established by Guenée in 1845. The genus includes at least five described species distributed across Europe, North Africa, and the Mediterranean region. One species, D. cedricola, has been documented as a significant pest of Lebanese cedar (Cedrus libani), causing needle drop and bud damage through larval feeding. Larvae construct silk-bound needle nests and overwinter in protective silk coverings on host trees.
Tortricidae Archipini conifer-pest Cedrus Mediterranean forest-entomology
Dictyla echii
Bugloss Lace Bug
A lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae) native to the Palearctic and introduced to North America. In Canada, it is univoltine and overwinters as adults in soil near host plant rosettes in reproductive diapause. In the Mediterranean region, it produces at least 2–3 generations annually. Associated primarily with Boraginaceae, especially Echium species. Tested as a biological control agent for Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) in Australia but rejected due to insufficient host specificity.
lace-bug Tingidae Boraginaceae Echium biological-control univoltine diapause host-specificity invasive-species-management Canada Mediterranean
Diorhabda sublineata
Subtropical Tamarisk Beetle, Saltcedar Beetle, Saltcedar Leaf Beetle, Tamarisk Leaf Beetle
Diorhabda sublineata is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the subtropical tamarisk beetle. Originally described from Algeria in 1849, it was restored to full species status in 2009 after being treated as a subspecies or synonym of D. elongata for over a century. It is a specialist feeder on tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) and has been introduced to North America as a biological control agent against invasive saltcedar. The species is particularly adapted to subtropical and Mediterranean climates.
biological-control invasive-species-management leaf-beetle tamarisk saltcedar Chrysomelidae subtropical Mediterranean riparian-ecology
Dioxys
Dioxys is a genus of parasitic bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Dioxyini. These bees are characterized by distinctive morphological features including a median tubercle on the metanotum and an extremely reduced, non-functional sting. The genus contains approximately 13 recognized species in the West Palaearctic region, with a taxonomic revision published in 2024 resolving several long-standing species-level issues. Dioxys species are distributed across the Mediterranean basin, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Canary Islands, with varying geographic ranges and habitat preferences.
parasitic cleptoparasitic Megachilidae Dioxyini West-Palaearctic Mediterranean
Euphyllura
olive psyllids, olive psylla
Euphyllura is a genus of plant-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera: Liviidae) established by Arnold Förster in 1848. Species are primarily associated with olive (Olea europaea) and related host plants in the Oleaceae. The genus is predominantly Palaearctic in distribution, with most species occurring in southern Europe and Asia, though records extend to southern Africa and western North America. Several species are economically significant pests of olive cultivation, including E. olivina, E. phillyreae, and E. straminea, which damage developing inflorescences and fruits. The genus exhibits typical psyllid biology with temperature-dependent reproduction and seasonal diapause strategies.
agricultural-pest olive-pest psyllid Sternorrhyncha Mediterranean biological-control endosymbiont diapause
Euphyllura olivina
olive psyllid
Euphyllura olivina is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae that feeds exclusively on olive (Olea europaea). Native to the Mediterranean region, it has become invasive in California where it threatens olive production. The species develops two generations annually, with spring and autumn reproductive activity and summer reproductive diapause induced by high temperatures. Nymphal infestations concentrate near fruits and on shaded, lower canopy portions. Temperature sensitivity shapes its distribution and seasonal activity patterns.
pest invasive olive agricultural biological-control Mediterranean California psyllid Sternorrhyncha
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
leafhopper cicadellidae deltocephalinae paralimnini flexamia grass-specialist michigan-endemic auchenorrhyncha hemiptera insecta arthropoda animalia true-bug planthopper-relative 1999-description bess hamilton huroni huron-river usa north-america grassland-insect host-specific poorly-known rare uncommon data-deficient gbif catalogue-of-life ncbi inaturalist taxon species accepted hexapoda cicadomorpha clypeata membracoidea paralimnina flexamia-huroni bess-&-hamilton 1999 exact-match accepted-name canonical-name scientific-name authorship rank status matched taxonomy classification eukaryota metazoa distribution michigan observations 0 wikipedia none preferred-common-name huron-river-leafhopper true-bugs group kingdom phylum class order family genus authority ipt integrated-publishing-toolkit biodiversity-data-journal zookeys nature-conservation comparative-cytogenetics open-access open-access journal publication dataset specimen type nomenclatural-type herbarium university-of-granada spain fungi lichens agaricales cortinarius antonio-ortega mediterranean france italy image-collection colección-de-imágenes-de-los-tipos-nomenclaturales-de-hongos líquenes musgos-y-algas gda gdac vizoso quesada 2015 doi 10.3897 bdj 3 e5204 new-species new-jersey-pine-barrens muhlenbergia-torreyana pinebarren-smokegrass threatened-species andrew-hicks museum-of-natural-history university-of-colorado gerry-moore natural-resources-conservation-service greensboro nc uli-lorimer brooklyn-botanic-garden f.-whitcombi robert-whitcomb microbiology ornithology ecology host-plant warming-climate human-activities zookeys-511 69-79 zookeys.511.9572 roundworm nematode antarctic amblydorylaimus-isokaryoni pararhyssocolpus-paradoxus bulgaria scanning-electron-microscopy sem maritime-antarctic antarctic-islands lip-region spear vulva postembryonic-development molecular-analyses dorylaimida elshishka lazarova radoslavov hristov peneva 25-68 zookeys.511.9793 anidiv2 bulgarian-academy-of-sciences national-scientific-fund octocoral okinawa japan nanipora-kamurai living-fossil blue-coral heliopora aragonite-calcium-carbonate skeleton scleractinians soft-coral heliporacea lithotelestidae epiphaxum deep-sea shallow-coral-reef zamami-island national-park miyazaki reimer 1-23 zookeys.511.9432 non-biting-midge chironomus ch.-bernensis north-caucasus russia caucasian-populations europe siberia karyotype morphology mouthparts larvae chromosome genotypic-combinations mineralization eutrophication karmokov polukonova sinichkina tembotov-institute-of-ecology-of-mountain-territories saratov-state-medical-university comparative-cytogenetics-9 281-297 compcytogen.v9i3.4519 sea-turtle rescue-centre first-aid-station loggerhead green-turtle caretta-caretta chelonia-mydas bycatch mortality greece migration sexual-maturity ullmann stachowitsch uit-the-arctic-university-of-norway nature-conservation-10 45-69 natureconservation.10.4890 regional-activity-centre-for-specially-protected-areas porcupine coendou-ichillus lower-urubamba peru canopy-bridge pipeline natural-gas arboreal camera-trap dwarf-porcupine iquitos 770g gregory lunde zamora-meza carrasco-rueda repsol-exploración-perú zookeys-509 109-121 zookeys.509.9821 ant prionopelta madagascar seychelles subterranean leaf-litter dracula-ant hemolymph larval-hemolymph-feeding oophagy madagascar-biodiversity-center overson fisher zookeys-507 115-150 zookeys.507.9303 ito billen masuko spider anelosimus subsocial cobweb-spider theridiidae deforestation biodiversity-hotspot agnarsson university-of-vermont smithsonian-national-museum-of-natural-history wallace huxley buffon hooker lamarck darwin moramora eriophyoid-mite acari xinjiang china rosaceae paracolomerus gall ji-wei-li wang xue zhang zookeys-508 97-111 zookeys.508.8940 shihezi-university grasshopper wyoming melanoplus melanoplinae acrididae tetrigidae gomphocerniae oedipodinae cyrtacanthacridinae distribution-atlas field-guide wgis wyoming-grasshopper-information-system key capinera sechrist hebard helfer scudder blatchley thomas say harris degeer bruner saussure girard dodge walker fieber fabricius serville mcneill tinkham burmeister haldeman big-horn-mountains black-hills gladston indigens infantilis dodgei oregonensis marshalli yellowstone-national-park sagebrush pine elevation shortgrass-prairie mixedgrass-prairie forb grass economic-damage rangeland benefit overwinter egg hatch adult late-summer august october june life-cycle food-habit size collection survey underreported common endemic restricted-range forest-opening grassy moderate-elevation larger smaller east west united-states america north south central range extent limited restricted abundant population density occurrence presence absence habitat environment condition altitude topography terrain vegetation plant shrub tree forest opening meadow prairie steppe savanna woodland draw slope aspect soil substrate moisture temperature climate weather season phenology timing activity nymph emerge molt develop grow reproduce mate oviposit die generation voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine semivoltine diapause aestivation hibernation dispersal movement behavior habit action feeding diet food host association relationship interaction specialist generalist monophagy oligophagy polyphagy herbivore detritivore predator parasitoid scavenger economic-importance pest beneficial neutral damage control management conservation threatened endangered vulnerable secure unknown global-biodiversity-information-facility es biodiversity-image-portal spanish-collections type-specimen lichen antarctica bernensis li yellowstone
Fordini
Fordini is a monophyletic tribe of gall-forming aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) characterized by complex two-year life cycles, strict host specificity, and sophisticated plant manipulation abilities. The tribe comprises two subtribes: Fordina, associated with Pistacia species and producing spherical to cauliflower-like galls; and Melaphidina, associated with Rhus species with galls positioned on leaf midribs and petioles. These aphids alternate between primary woody hosts where they induce conspicuous galls and secondary grass hosts where they feed on roots.
gall-forming host-specific Mediterranean complex-life-cycle plant-manipulation
Glaucolepis
Glaucolepis is a genus of minute moths in the family Nepticulidae, established by Braun in 1917. Species in this genus are leaf miners with specialized host associations, particularly with plants in the genus Bupleurum (Apiaceae). The genus is distributed in southwestern Europe and northern Africa, with some records from North America. DNA barcode analysis suggests monophyletic origins for host plant associations within the genus.
leaf-miner Nepticulidae Bupleurum Mediterranean monophyletic-host-association
Homotoma ficus
Mediterranean fig psyllid, fig psylla
Homotoma ficus is a Mediterranean psyllid species in the family Homotomidae, commonly known as the Mediterranean fig psyllid or fig psylla. It has been introduced to regions outside its native range, including Serbia, through the cultivation of fig plants. The species can cause economic damage to its host plant in certain years. First described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Chermes ficus, it is now classified under the genus Homotoma.
psyllid fig-pest agricultural-pest introduced-species Mediterranean Hemiptera Homotomidae Ficus phloem-feeder
Hyadaphis foeniculi
Fennel Aphid
Hyadaphis foeniculi is a cosmopolitan aphid species and major pest of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), native to Mediterranean regions and introduced to Brazil and other areas. Laboratory studies demonstrate strict thermal requirements: nymph development occurs only between 15-30°C, with 3°C and 33°C lethal. The species exhibits four nymphal instars with temperature-dependent development rates, completing the nymphal stage in 5 days at 30°C to 19 days at 15°C. Winged adults reproduce parthenogenetically, forming colonies inside fennel flowers during hot periods. The aphid vectors at least 12 plant viruses and produces honeydew that facilitates sooty mold growth, compounding crop damage.
aphid pest fennel agriculture thermal-biology virus-vector Apiaceae parthenogenesis intercropping cosmopolitan Brazil Mediterranean Macrosiphini
Hypocacculus metallescens
clown beetle
Hypocacculus metallescens is a small histerid beetle first described from Europe in 1834. The species has a broad Old World distribution spanning the Mediterranean basin, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, with introduced populations established in Florida, USA. As a member of the clown beetle family Histeridae, it likely occupies habitats associated with decaying organic matter.
histerid clown-beetle introduced-species Florida Mediterranean Old-World
Leptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
Coreidae leaf-footed-bug agricultural-pest invasive-species symbiosis sexual-dimorphism conifer-pest nuisance-pest Burkholderia tachinid-parasitoid pheromone-communication building-invader misidentification Triatoma-look-alike gradual-metamorphosis seed-predator forest-pest ornamental-pest plumbing-damage public-health-confusion Chile Europe North-America South-America Asia Turkey almond-pest citrus-pest tomato-pest corn-pest overwintering-aggregation defensive-secretion pheromone-mediated-parasitism egg-parasitoid biological-control ecological-niche-modeling climate-suitability range-expansion introduction accidental-dispersal seed-orchard-pest germination-reduction empty-seed-formation cone-damage lodgepole-pine Douglas-fir western-conifer-seed-bug L.-occidentalis L.-zonatus L.-phyllopus L.-clypealis L.-australis L.-chilensis L.-oppositus male-combat femoral-weapon abdominal-gland pheromone-gland tibial-dilation leaf-like-hind-leg true-bug Hemiptera Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha Anisoscelini phytophagous plant-feeding stylet-feeding salivary-sheath overwintering diapause building-entry structural-pest nuisance-odor flight-sound droning-flight aggregation-behavior male-pheromone female-choice parasitoid-host biological-control-agent integrated-pest-management monitoring early-detection prevention invasion-biology alien-species non-native-pest global-spread climate-change niche-modeling suitable-habitat establishment-risk quarantine phytosanitary forest-health seed-production reforestation afforestation conifer-forestry pine-seed seed-viability economic-impact crop-loss yield-reduction kernel-damage fruit-damage nut-damage vector-of-disease Chagas-disease kissing-bug public-alarm misinformation education identification-tools health-system-burden pesticide-overuse urban-ecology domiciliary peridomiciliary Andean-region Patagonia Mediterranean temperate subtropical tropical agroecosystem natural-enemy predator parasite pathogen symbiont gut-microbiome soil-ingestion fitness-benefit reproductive-success sperm-morphology testicular-morphology accessory-gland pheromone-blend species-specific-odor cherry-scent vanilla-scent cinnamon-scent rose-scent olfactory-communication mate-location mate-recognition sexual-selection male-male-competition weapon-morphology allometry developmental-plasticity nymphal-instar egg-barrel egg-arrangement linear-oviposition leaf-surface plant-tissue stylet-penetration enzymatic-digestion fluid-feeding phloem-feeding xylem-feeding seed-feeding cone-feeding fruit-feeding kernel-feeding nut-feeding crop-feeding host-plant-range polyphagy oligophagy specialist generalist pest-status damage-threshold economic-injury-level management-strategy cultural-control physical-control chemical-control resistance tolerance host-plant-resistance monitoring-trap light-trap population-density distribution-map spread-rate colonization establishment population-dynamics life-table developmental-rate thermal-requirements degree-days phenology voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine generation-time overwintering-site hibernaculum shelter-seeking cold-hardiness freeze-tolerance supercooling water-relations desiccation-resistance starvation-resistance dispersal-ability flight-capacity walking-behavior climbing-behavior aggregation-pheromone alarm-pheromone stink-gland metathoracic-gland dorsoabdominal-gland ventral-abdominal-gland sexual-gland morphological-defense chemical-defense mechanical-defense autotomy leg-loss predation-risk parasitism-risk parasitoid-risk pathogen-risk competition intraspecific interspecific resource-competition mating-competition sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice reproductive-isolation speciation phylogeny systematics taxonomy morphology anatomy histology ultrastructure spermatogenesis spermatozoa sperm-length nuclear-length cyst-production follicle-number testis-structure reproductive-anatomy genitalia mating-behavior copulation insemination oviposition egg-production fecundity fertility hatching-success nymphal-survival adult-longevity sex-ratio operational-sex-ratio population-sex-ratio effective-population-size genetic-diversity gene-flow population-structure phylogeography biogeography historical-biogeography vicariance dispersal range-shift range-contraction altitudinal-distribution latitudinal-distribution longitudinal-distribution island-distribution continental-distribution endemism cosmopolitanism introduced-range native-range source-population founder-population invasion-front lag-phase establishment-phase spread-phase equilibrium-phase impact-assessment risk-assessment horizon-scanning early-warning rapid-response eradication containment control management adaptation mitigation restoration conservation biodiversity ecosystem-service ecosystem-function food-web trophic-level primary-consumer herbivore fruit-predator plant-animal-interaction mutualism antagonism predation parasitism commensalism amensalism facilitation indirect-interaction trait-mediated-interaction density-mediated-interaction behavioral-ecology evolutionary-ecology functional-ecology physiological-ecology population-ecology community-ecology ecosystem-ecology landscape-ecology macroecology global-ecology applied-ecology agricultural-ecology forest-ecology conservation-biology invasion-ecology restoration-ecology pest-management conservation-biological-control augmentative-biological-control classical-biological-control parasitoid nematode fungus bacterium virus entomopathogen microbial-control sterile-insect-technique genetic-control mating-disruption attract-and-kill push-pull trap-crop border-crop refuge habitat-management cultural-practice crop-rotation tillage irrigation fertilization pruning harvest-timing sanitation residue-management weed-management cover-crop companion-planting intercropping agroforestry silviculture forest-management seed-orchard-management cone-collection seed-extraction seed-testing germination-testing seed-quality seed-vigor empty-seed insect-damage insect-injury feeding-scar puncture stylet-sheath salivary-flange symptom sign diagnosis sampling economic-threshold decision-support expert-system modeling simulation forecasting climate-model niche-model species-distribution-model habitat-suitability risk-mapping invasion-pathway introduction-vector trade transport tourism migration natural-dispersal human-mediated-dispersal accidental-introduction intentional-introduction release escape cultivation ornamental forestry agriculture horticulture urbanization globalization land-use-change habitat-fragmentation habitat-loss degradation pollution pesticide fertilizer nutrient-enrichment eutrophication acidification warming drought extreme-event disturbance succession recovery resilience stability variability uncertainty sustainable-development green-economy circular-economy bioeconomy ecosystem-approach one-health planetary-health environmental-health public-health veterinary-health plant-health food-security nutrition livelihood poverty inequality gender indigenous-knowledge traditional-knowledge local-knowledge citizen-science stakeholder-engagement policy governance regulation legislation international-cooperation capacity-building awareness communication outreach extension advisory-service research innovation technology-transfer knowledge-exchange networking partnership collaboration evaluation evidence-based-policy science-policy-interface diplomacy advocacy activism social-movement environmental-justice environmental-ethics environmental-philosophy environmental-humanities environmental-history environmental-literature environmental-art environmental-education environmental-communication science-communication risk-communication crisis-communication health-communication behavior-change pro-environmental-behavior sustainable-behavior consumption production waste recycling reuse reduction efficiency renewable clean green blue natural organic agroecology permaculture regenerative restorative healing transformative transdisciplinary interdisciplinary multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary disciplinary disciplinary-integration knowledge-integration system-thinking complexity emergence non-linearity feedback tipping-point regime-shift alternative-stable-state resilience-thinking adaptive-management adaptive-governance learning reflection participation inclusion equity justice fairness ethics values norms culture identity place sense-of-place attachment well-being quality-of-life happiness flourishing thriving sustainability sustainable development growth degrowth post-growth steady-state circular doughnut-economics planetary-boundaries safe-operating-space tipping-elements critical-transition early-warning-signal resilience-indicator sustainability-indicator benchmark target goal commitment pledge agreement treaty convention protocol framework strategy plan program project initiative campaign movement coalition alliance network platform hub center institute organization association society union federation confederation foundation trust fund bank facility mechanism instrument tool method approach technique procedure process system structure institution administration operation service delivery provision supply demand market economy finance investment funding financing resource capital asset liability income expenditure revenue cost benefit profit loss return yield outcome output input throughput productivity effectiveness performance quality standard criterion indicator metric measure assessment appraisal review audit verification validation certification accreditation recognition award prize honor distinction excellence best-practice lesson-learned experience expertise competence capacity capability skill knowledge information data evidence science discovery invention creation design testing piloting scaling mainstreaming uptake adoption diffusion dissemination publication reporting documentation archiving preservation rehabilitation reconstruction replication duplication backup security safety protection safeguarding insurance risk-management emergency-preparedness response relief humanitarian peace prosperity health employment housing infrastructure energy water food fishery aquaculture mining manufacturing industry commerce recreation heritage nature ecosystem environment climate atmosphere ocean freshwater land soil mineral biota flora fauna microorganism fungi plant animal vertebrate invertebrate arthropod insect bug Hemipteran Heteropteran pentatomomorphan coreoid coreid squash-bug boxelder-bug stink-bug shield-bug plant-bug mirid lygaeid seed-bug broad-headed-bug alydid reduviid assassin-bug triatomine bed-bug cimicid water-bug nepomorphan gerromorphan leptopodomorphan enicocephalomorphan dipsocoromorphan ceratocomboid schizopteroid peloridioid coleorrhynchan moss-bug archaeorrhynchan fulgoromorphan cicadomorphan membracoid treehopper leafhopper planthopper psyllid jumping-plant-louse whitefly aleyrodid scale-insect coccoid mealybug aphid adelgid phylloxeran sternorrhynchan thysanopteran thrips psocopteran barklouse booklouse phthirapteran louse sucking-louse chewing-louse mallophagan anopluran dermapteran earwig blattodean cockroach termite isopteran mantodean mantid phasmid stick-insect leaf-insect orthopteran grasshopper locust katydid cricket mole-cricket pygmy-mole-cricket camel-cricket cave-cricket weta ensiferan caeliferan gryllotalpid myrmecophilid tettigoniid gryllid acridid pamphagid pneumorid lentulid tristirid eumastacid proscopiid tridactylid tetrigid grouse-locust pygmy-grasshopper plecopteran stonefly embiopteran webspinner zorapteran angel-insect dictyopteran
Lethocerus
giant water bugs, toe biters, electric light bugs
Lethocerus is a genus of large predatory aquatic true bugs in the family Belostomatidae. Members are among the largest true bugs, with some species exceeding 12 cm in length. The genus is distinguished from related genera by specific morphological features of the fore femur and parasternites. Unlike other giant water bugs, females do not deposit eggs on males' backs; instead, eggs are laid on emergent vegetation above the waterline and guarded by males. The genus shows greatest diversity in the Americas, with limited representation in Europe, Africa, Australia, and Asia.
giant-water-bug toe-biter electric-light-bug aquatic-predator range-expansion climate-change citizen-science Belostomatidae Hemiptera freshwater Mediterranean invasive-potential painful-bite edible-insect endangered-species chromosome-evolution sex-chromosome-pre-reduction male-parental-care nocturnal phototaxis
Lithurgus chrysurus
Mediterranean wood-boring bee, Golden-tailed Woodborer
Lithurgus chrysurus is a wood-nesting megachilid bee native to the Mediterranean region that has established adventive populations in North America. It is one of the few bees that excavates its own nesting tunnels in wood rather than using pre-existing cavities. The species is univoltine, producing one generation per year, and constructs distinctive silk-lined cocoons for overwintering larvae.
wood-boring adventive univoltine silk-cocoon Mediterranean
Luridiblatta
Luridiblatta is a genus of cockroaches in the family Ectobiidae, established by Fernandes in 1965. The genus contains 10 recognized species, including L. trivittata which has been introduced to California and is known there as the "tiny cockroach." Most species exhibit an almost circum-Mediterranean distribution. A 2022 taxonomic revision described 7 new species and organized them into three species-groups based on morphological characteristics.
cockroach Mediterranean invasive California Ectobiidae
Luridiblatta trivittata
Three-lined Cockroach, Tiny Cockroach
Luridiblatta trivittata is a small cockroach species native to the Mediterranean region, belonging to the family Ectobiidae. It is one of ten species in the genus Luridiblatta, which has an almost circum-Mediterranean distribution. The species is part of the trivittata species-group along with L. habbachii. It has been introduced to California, where it is recognized as one of eight exotic cockroach species present in the state. Unlike major indoor pest cockroaches, this species is primarily an outdoor inhabitant that occasionally enters buildings but does not normally reproduce indoors.
cockroach Mediterranean introduced-species California Ectobiidae outdoor-pest exotic-species urban-entomology
Marinarozelotes barbatus
A ground-dwelling spider species in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by L. Koch in 1866. The first cytogenetic analysis of this species was conducted on specimens from Turkey, revealing a diploid chromosome number of 2n♂=22 with an X1X20 sex chromosome system. All chromosomes are telocentric, with X1 being the largest and X2 the smallest chromosome in the karyotype. Sex chromosomes exhibit positive heteropycnosis during prophase I of meiosis. The species has a broad native distribution across the Mediterranean to Caucasus region and has been introduced to the USA.
spider arachnid ground-spider cytogenetics introduced-species Mediterranean Caucasus Turkey USA X1X20-sex-chromosomes telocentric-chromosomes
Microplax
Microplax is a genus of true bugs in the family Oxycarenidae, established by Fieber in 1860. The genus includes species native to the Mediterranean region, with at least one species, Microplax albofasciata, having expanded its range northward to the Channel Islands and Germany, and subsequently introduced to North America. The 2012 detection in California represents the first documented occurrence in the United States.
Hemiptera Heteroptera Oxycarenidae true-bugs invasive introduced-species Mediterranean
Microplax albofasciata
Microplax albofasciata is a true bug in the family Oxycarenidae, native to the Mediterranean region and parts of western Europe. The species was first described by Costa in 1847 and has been documented across southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It was first recorded in North America in California in 2012, representing a recent range expansion. The specific epithet 'albofasciata' refers to a white banded pattern characteristic of this species.
introduced Mediterranean North-America 2012-detection range-expansion true-bug Heteroptera
Mogoplistidae
Scaly Crickets and Allies
Mogoplistidae is a family of scaly crickets within the superfamily Grylloidea, comprising over 370 species in approximately 30 genera worldwide. The family is considered monophyletic and sister to the true crickets (Gryllidae). Members are distinguished by scales covering the abdomen and parts of the thorax, resembling those of Lepidoptera. The family includes three subfamilies: Mogoplistinae, Malgasiinae (restricted to Madagascar and Indian Ocean islands), and the extinct †Protomogoplistinae known from Burmese amber.
Orthoptera Grylloidea scaly-crickets coastal beach-specialist driftwood-dependent rare-species UK-protected-species Mediterranean Atlantic-coast Madagascar-endemic Burmese-amber-fossil scale-covering Lepidoptera-like-scales omnivorous nocturnal long-ovipositor egg-development-one-year shingle-habitat cobble-beaches strandline-invertebrate conservation-concern beach-cleaning-threat driftwood-burning-threat
Oedipodinae
Bandwing Grasshoppers, band-winged grasshoppers
Oedipodinae, commonly known as bandwing grasshoppers, is a subfamily of grasshoppers within the family Acrididae. Members are characterized by colorful, often banded hindwings that are typically concealed at rest but revealed during flight. The subfamily has a worldwide distribution and includes many species adapted to xeric and open habitats. Some Oedipodinae species are among the most economically important locusts, capable of forming dense migratory swarms that cause extensive agricultural damage.
grasshopper locust pest rangeland agriculture acridid bandwing xeric diapause outbreak swarm herbivore North-America Asia Australia Mediterranean
Omiini
Omiini is a tribe of broad-nosed weevils within the subfamily Entiminae (Curculionidae). The tribe contains approximately 18 recognized genera, including Omias, Amicromias, and Rhinomias. Species in this tribe are primarily distributed across the Palearctic region, with notable diversity in the Mediterranean basin, including Greece and surrounding areas. The group has been subject to recent taxonomic revision, with new species descriptions continuing to expand known diversity.
weevil broad-nosed-weevil Entiminae Palearctic Mediterranean
Ophelimus
Eucalyptus gall wasps
Ophelimus is a genus of minute wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species in this genus are gall inducers, causing the formation of leaf galls on Eucalyptus plants. Several species, including O. maskelli and O. eucalypti, have become invasive pests in Eucalyptus plantations outside their native Australian range. The genus is subject to biological control efforts using parasitoids such as Closterocerus chamaeleon.
gall-wasp Eucalyptus-pest invasive-species biological-control Eulophidae plantation-pest Indonesia Colombia Mediterranean Australia
Orthotomicus
Orthotomicus is a genus of bark beetles in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae, containing approximately nine described species. The genus is primarily associated with coniferous trees, particularly pines (Pinus spp.) and cedars (Cedrus spp.). Several species, notably Orthotomicus erosus (Mediterranean pine engraver) and O. laricis, have become significant forest pests through native population outbreaks and invasive range expansions. Species in this genus are known for their associations with ophiostomatoid fungi, which they vector and which contribute to tree decline.
bark-beetle Scolytinae pine-pest forest-entomology invasive-species ophiostomatoid-fungi vector conifer Mediterranean Croatia Turkey South-America South-Africa pheromone climate-change drought-stress blue-stain-fungus
Orthotomicus erosus
Mediterranean pine engraver
Orthotomicus erosus, the Mediterranean pine engraver, is a bark beetle native to the Mediterranean region, southern Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is primarily a secondary pest that colonizes stressed, weakened, or recently dead pine trees, but can reach outbreak levels and attack healthy trees during drought conditions or following fire. The species has expanded its range through domestic and international trade, with established populations in South America (Argentina and Uruguay) and South Africa. It vectors multiple ophiostomatoid fungi, including Ophiostoma ips, which contribute to blue staining and tree decline.
bark-beetle forest-pest pine Scolytinae vector invasive-species pheromone ophiostomatoid-fungi Mediterranean climate-change
Ozognathus
death-watch beetles, spider beetles
Ozognathus is a genus of beetles in the family Ptinidae, commonly referred to as death-watch and spider beetles. The genus contains at least 11 recognized species native to the Americas. One species, Ozognathus cornutus, has become established as an alien species in Europe and the Mediterranean region, where it colonizes woody galls and decaying organic matter. The genus is taxonomically placed in the subfamily Ernobiinae (or historically Anobiinae), reflecting its close relationship to other wood-associated beetles.
Ptinidae Ernobiinae Anobiinae saproxylophagous gall-successor alien-species invasive Nearctic-origin Mediterranean stored-product-pest wood-boring
Palaemon elegans
rockpool shrimp, rockpool prawn
Palaemon elegans is a small caridean shrimp native to northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal waters. It has expanded its range through human-mediated transport and changing environmental conditions, becoming established in the Baltic Sea, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea. The species is ecologically similar to several congeners, particularly Palaemon adspersus, with which it competes and has displaced in some regions. Its tolerance of variable salinity has facilitated colonization of brackish environments.
crustacean shrimp decapod palaemonid invasive commercial-fishery brackish-water rockpool intertidal Baltic-Sea Mediterranean Azov-Sea
Parochthiphila
Parochthiphila is a genus of small flies in the family Chamaemyiidae, established by Czerny in 1904. Species occur in Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean region, with records extending to Oman. The genus includes at least two subgenera: Parochthiphila and Euestelia. Taxonomic revisions remain ongoing, with new species described as recently as 2008.
Chamaemyiidae Diptera Mediterranean Europe Africa
Peritelini
Peritelini is a tribe of broad-nosed weevils within the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), established by Lacordaire in 1863. The tribe comprises approximately 70+ genera distributed primarily across the Palaearctic region, with notable diversity in the Mediterranean basin including Spain, Italy, Sicily, and Portugal. Taxonomic revisions have led to significant reorganization, including the transfer of genera such as Solariola from Otiorhynchini and the exclusion of Caenopsis to Trachyphloeini. Recent systematic work has described numerous new genera and species, particularly from underexplored regions of southern Europe.
weevils broad-nosed-weevils Palaearctic Mediterranean taxonomy-in-revision
Phaneroptera nana
Mediterranean katydid, southern sickle bush-cricket
Phaneroptera nana is a small katydid native to mainland Europe, the Near East, and North Africa. It has established invasive populations in California (first recorded 1952), Oregon (since 2015), and South America, likely spreading via shipping. The species inhabits sunny, dry environments with shrubs and low tree branches. Adults are active primarily in summer and fall.
invasive katydid bush-cricket agricultural-pest Mediterranean California Oregon parasitoid-host duetting-behavior oviposition-in-leaves
Phloeocharinae
Phloeocharinae is a subfamily of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) characterized by distinctive abdominal tergal combs and procoxal morphology. The group contains five genera and six species in North America, with the genus Phloeocharis dominating the European fauna. Members are primarily saproxylic, inhabiting damp forest environments under bark and in leaf litter. The biology of most species remains poorly known.
Staphylinidae rove-beetle saproxylic exotic-introduction port-mediated-invasion forest-litter under-bark cuticular-combs procoxae Phloeocharis Halifax Nova-Scotia North-America Europe Mediterranean
Phyllobiini
Phyllobiini is a tribe of broad-nosed weevils within the subfamily Entiminae (Curculionidae). The tribe contains approximately 30 genera distributed primarily in the Palearctic region, with notable diversity in the Mediterranean basin. Members are characterized by features of the rostrum and antennae, though specific diagnostic traits vary among constituent genera. The tribe includes the genus Phyllobius, from which the tribe derives its name.
weevil broad-nosed-weevil Entiminae Curculionidae Palearctic Mediterranean
Pleistodontes imperialis
Port Jackson Fig Wasp
Pleistodontes imperialis is a fig wasp native to Australia that maintains an obligate mutualism with Ficus rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig), serving as its exclusive pollinator. It is the type species of the genus Pleistodontes. The species has been introduced outside its native range through the ornamental planting of its host figs in Mediterranean urban habitats, with confirmed records from Greece and Cyprus. In its introduced range, it has demonstrated host-switching behavior, also developing in Ficus watkinsiana figs despite this species having a different native pollinator.
fig-wasp pollinator mutualism invasive host-switch urban-ecology Mediterranean Australia
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-species social-wasp paper-wasp predator pollinator urban-ecology eusocial nest-construction biological-control thermal-biology spatial-learning vibrational-communication aposematism honest-signal overwintering diapause Polistes Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America Europe New-Zealand South-Africa South-America monarch-butterfly caterpillar-predation nest-architecture gyne foundress dominance-hierarchy climate-change-impact energetics metabolic-rate microclimate suburban-habitat anthropogenic ornamental-pest vineyard-pest fruit-damage stinging-insect venom poison-gland warning-coloration Zahavian-signal Strepsiptera parasitoid Xenos behavioral-plasticity foraging learning memory thermoregulation ectothermy endothermy solar-radiation nest-temperature brood-development colony-survival multiple-founding single-founding season-length latitude temperate Mediterranean hibernacle overwintering-costs climate-warming range-expansion competition native-species-displacement biodiversity-impact conservation management control integrated-pest-management IPM identification antennae-color facial-markings caste reproduction male female sexual-dimorphism antennae abdomen wing mandible saliva paper comb cell pedicel trophallaxis larva pupa adult worker queen subordinate dominant aggression defense threat-display sting toxicity brightness coloration predator-avoidance prey caterpillar Lepidoptera butterfly moth garden agriculture vineyard orchard urban suburban rural forest habitat-preference temperature metabolism quiescence torpor survival fitness colony nest population abundance distribution range expansion invasion establishment introduction biotic-interaction trophic-cascade herbivory-suppression plant-fitness milkweed Danaus-plexippus monarch Nelson Tasman ecosystem-impact conservation-management biological-invasion ecology behavior physiology morphology taxonomy systematics nomenclature gender-agreement Latin Christ 1791 Vespa-dominula basionym 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ReplyDelete RepliesReplyOut prairieSeptember 8:02 keeping cabbage worm seen RepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember 13 2:06 PM becoming here Upper Peninsula Michigan pendulum seems swung ago everywhere vanishingly rare haven't again house right RepliesReplyL.R ShimerSeptember 4:35 head gal work everybody else kinda egalitarian RepliesReplyLarryMay 9:34 directed Bev Wigney BTW lived NE Missouri detailed presented Thanks cogent scientifically accurate summary insect's life-cycle RepliesBug EricMay 3:47 kind compliments Delete RepliesReplyReplyAdd commentLoad Blog currently reply reader himself Working resolve Newer Older Subscribe Atom Demonized hosting 4 p.m.Saturday Jan 20 Room 1124 Academic Surge 455 Crocker Lane campus Attendees chat check 50,000 vespid eight-million free friendly Parking estimate 2000 described inhabit 500 undescribed headline-grabbing giant Vespa mandarinia formerly Asian news media dubbed murder hornet confuse identify sheet example hidden rodent burrow wall huge 100,00 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Pomachiliini
Pomachiliini is a tribe of click beetles (Elateridae) established by Candèze in 1859. The tribe includes the genus Isidus, whose species are specialized to coastal dune environments in the Mediterranean region. Isidus moreli, the best-studied member, is the only saproxylophagous elaterid known from Italian dunes and serves as an umbrella species for coastal conservation.
Elateridae click-beetles coastal-dunes Mediterranean saproxylophagous conservation umbrella-species bioindicator
Rhadalidae
Rhadalidae is a family of small beetles in the superfamily Cleroidea, elevated from subfamily status within Melyridae. Adults are predators or pollen-feeders, while larvae are likely carnivorous. The family has a worldwide distribution excluding Australasia, with documented diversity in Mediterranean regions including Cyprus and Romania.
beetles Coleoptera Cleroidea Melyridae-former-subfamily predators pollen-feeders Mediterranean marine-dunes
Scobicia
horned powder-post beetles
Scobicia is a genus of wood-boring beetles in the family Bostrichidae, containing approximately 11 described species. Members are small beetles, with adults of at least one species measuring 3.3–4.5 mm in length. The genus is placed in the tribe Xyloperthini and is distributed across southern Europe, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East. At least some species are pests of dead or felled timber, creating extensive tunnel systems in stored wood.
Bostrichidae wood-borer powder-post-beetle pest xylophagous Mediterranean dead-wood stored-timber Xyloperthini
Scobicia chevrieri
horned powder-post beetle
Scobicia chevrieri is a small wood-boring beetle in the family Bostrichidae. Adults measure 3.3–4.5 mm in length and 1.2–1.5 mm in width. The species is a pest of cut and stored wood, creating galleries that cause severe interior deterioration of branches. It has been recorded across the Mediterranean region, North Africa, the Middle East, and introduced to North America.
wood-boring-beetle powder-post-beetle pest stored-timber Bostrichidae Mediterranean introduced-species Brachychiton hardwood-pest
Siro
harvestmen
Siro is a genus of cyphophthalmid harvestmen (Opiliones) in the family Sironidae. These small arachnids are characterized by their eyeless condition, elongated bodies, and association with moist microhabitats. The genus was established by Latreille in 1795 and represents one of the early-recognized lineages of the suborder Cyphophthalmi, which diverged from other harvestmen early in the evolutionary history of the order. Species in this genus are distributed primarily in the Mediterranean region and parts of Europe.
harvestmen Opiliones Cyphophthalmi eyeless cave-dwelling soil-fauna Mediterranean karst Sironidae