European

Guides

Acericerus
Acericerus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Eurymelinae, tribe Idiocerini. The genus was established by Dlabola in 1974 and is recorded from parts of northern Europe including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Like other idiocerine leafhoppers, members of this genus are associated with woody host plants. The genus contains multiple species, though detailed species-level taxonomy and biology remain incompletely documented.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Eurymelinae Idiocerini maple-feeder phloem-feeder European forest-insect
Athous excavatus
Athous excavatus is a click beetle species in the family Elateridae. It is a European species associated with woodland and forest habitats. Adults are active during spring and summer months. The species is part of the diverse Athous genus, which contains numerous similar-looking species that require careful examination for identification.
click-beetle Elateridae European woodland soil-dwelling-larvae difficult-identification spring-summer-activity
Betulapion simile
Birch Catkin Weevil
Betulapion simile is a small weevil species in the family Brentidae, commonly known as the Birch Catkin Weevil. The species was originally described as Apion simile by Kirby in 1811 and later transferred to the genus Betulapion. It is associated with birch trees (Betula species), where adults and larvae develop in catkins. The species has been recorded from multiple European countries including Belgium and Norway.
weevil birch catkin seed-predator European
Caloptilia populetorum
clouded slender
Caloptilia populetorum is a small leaf-mining moth in the family Gracillariidae, commonly known as the clouded slender. Despite its scientific name suggesting an association with poplars, the larvae feed exclusively on birch leaves (Betula species). The species is found across most of Europe and extends into parts of Russia. Adults are active from late summer through spring, overwintering as adults.
leaf-miner leaf-roller birch-feeder overwintering-adult European
Capraiellus
Capraiellus is a genus of small, non-cosmopolitan cockroaches in the family Ectobiidae, restricted to Europe. The genus was established by Harz in 1976 and contains at least two recognized species: C. panzeri (the type species) and C. tamaninii. A third name, C. haeckelii, is considered a nomen dubium. These insects are part of the diverse Ectobiinae subfamily, which includes many temperate-zone cockroach species.
ectobiid European non-cosmopolitan temperate
Capraiellus panzeri
Lesser Cockroach
Capraiellus panzeri is a small, non-cosmopolitan cockroach native to Europe and northwestern Africa, with localized populations in southern Britain where it is known as the lesser cockroach. Formerly classified as Ectobius panzeri, it was reclassified to the genus Capraiellus based on recent taxonomic work. It is one of the smaller native European cockroaches and is not associated with human dwellings.
cockroach grassland dry-habitat European non-pest
Carpatolechia notatella
sallow-leaf groundling
A small gelechiid moth with a wingspan of 12–16 mm, distributed across most of Europe (excluding the Iberian and most of the Balkan Peninsula) and Turkey. Adults fly in late spring, while larvae are active in late summer and feed on willow leaves. The species is closely associated with Salix species as larval hosts.
leaf-miner willow-associated spring-flying European Gelechiidae
Cephalcia fulviceps
Cephalcia fulviceps is a species of sawfly in the family Pamphiliidae, a group of web-spinning sawflies. Members of this genus are associated with coniferous trees. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature.
sawfly Pamphiliidae conifer-pest web-spinning-sawfly European
Ceropales maculata rhodomerus
Ceropales maculata rhodomerus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Townes in 1957. It is part of a genus known for kleptoparasitic behavior, where females steal prey from other spider wasps rather than hunting spiders directly. The subspecies epithet 'rhodomerus' refers to its reddish coloration. Records indicate presence in Belgium, Denmark, and Norway, suggesting a northwestern European distribution.
kleptoparasite spider-wasp Pompilidae European Hymenoptera parasitoid ceropaline-wasp
Chirosia flavipennis
root-maggot fly
Chirosia flavipennis is a species of root-maggot fly in the family Anthomyiidae, first described by Fallén in 1823. The species is documented as a leaf miner of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). It occurs in northern Europe including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
leaf-miner fern-associated European Anthomyiidae
Closterotomus fulvomaculatus
spotted plant bug
Closterotomus fulvomaculatus is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, measuring 6–7 mm as an adult. Adults are brownish in coloration, while nymphs are green or yellowish-green. The species completes its development by July in temperate regions. It is known to feed on various herbaceous plants including clover, nettle, and members of the Asteraceae family.
plant-bug Miridae herbivore European agricultural-associate
Cryptus moschator iroquois
Cryptus moschator iroquois is a subspecies of ichneumonid wasp described by Viereck in 1917. It belongs to the genus Cryptus, a group of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. The subspecies epithet 'iroquois' suggests a connection to the Iroquois region or peoples, though the specific etymology is not documented in available sources. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, but specific host associations and biological details remain undocumented.
parasitoid ichneumonid European rarely-observed
Cylindroiulus
Cylindroiulus is a genus of cylindrical millipedes in the family Julidae, established by Verhoeff in 1894. Species in this genus are characterized by their smooth, rounded bodies and are primarily distributed across Europe. The genus includes notable species such as Cylindroiulus punctatus, which has been sequenced for genomic studies, and Cylindroiulus nitidus, which has been studied for its life-history dynamics in woodland habitats. Members are typically found in forest floor environments, including decaying wood and soil.
millipede Julidae European forest-floor soil-fauna genome-sequenced
Dolichopus remipes
long-legged fly
Dolichopus remipes is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, a diverse group of predatory flies characterized by their elongated legs and often metallic coloration. The species was described by Wahlberg in 1839 and is known from European localities. As with other members of the genus Dolichopus, it likely exhibits the family's characteristic predatory behavior on small insects, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
Dolichopodidae long-legged-fly predatory-fly European Diptera metallic-fly
Elipsocus abdominalis
Elipsocus abdominalis is a species of barklouse in the family Elipsocidae. It occurs across much of Europe, with records from Great Britain and Ireland through Scandinavia, central Europe, and the Mediterranean. The species has also been recorded in North America, though these may represent introduced populations. Adults are blackish-orange in coloration and have been observed feeding on a range of deciduous and coniferous trees.
barklouse psocid European arboreal detritivore
Gilpinia frutetorum
Nursery Pine Sawfly
Gilpinia frutetorum is a European conifer sawfly in the Diprionidae family, belonging to the G. socia species group. The species was first described by Fabricius in 1793. Ovipositor morphology has been described and illustrated in recent taxonomic work comparing European and Japanese Gilpinia species.
sawfly conifer-sawfly Diprionidae European introduced-species Nursery-Pine-Sawfly
Helotropha
Helotropha is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Lederer in 1857. The genus contains two recognized species: Helotropha leucostigma and Helotropha reniformis. These moths are classified within the subfamily Noctuinae, a large and diverse group of owlet moths. The genus is primarily documented from northern European regions.
moth Noctuidae Noctuinae European
Henia
Henia is a genus of soil-dwelling centipedes in the family Dignathodontidae, order Geophilomorpha. Members of this genus are small, pallid-colored geophilomorphs with relatively high leg pair counts. The genus includes species found in European terrestrial habitats, with some taxa occurring in urban and suburban environments. At least one species, Henia vesuviana, is considered nationally scarce in the UK.
centipede geophilomorph soil-dwelling European
Hydrotaea floccosa
Hydrotaea floccosa is a species of muscid fly in the family Muscidae, described by Macquart in 1835. It belongs to a genus whose larvae are known to be predatory on other fly larvae in manure habitats, particularly horn fly larvae. The species has been recorded in Europe, with confirmed presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Available information on this specific species is limited, with most ecological knowledge inferred from the genus level.
predatory livestock-pest-control european
Iassus lanio
oak leafhopper
Iassus lanio is a leafhopper species in the subfamily Iassinae, tribe Iassini, and the type species of its genus. It is distributed across Europe, including the British Isles, through to Russia and Northern Africa. The species feeds on oak trees (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) in forest habitats and possesses a complex microbiome including obligate bacterial and fungal symbionts that supplement its nutrient-poor phloem-sap diet.
leafhopper oak-specialist forest-insect symbiont-bearing European
Limerodops
Limerodops is a genus of ichneumon wasps established by Heinrich in 1949. The genus comprises approximately five described species distributed across northern Europe. These wasps belong to the family Ichneumonidae, a large group of parasitoid wasps.
ichneumonid parasitoid European
Neorhacodes
Neorhacodes is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Hedicke in 1922. The genus is recorded from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As with other ichneumonid genera, species are presumed to be parasitoids of other insects, though specific host relationships remain undocumented.
parasitoid-wasp European
Ocnerostoma piniariella
White Pine Ermel
A small European moth in the family Yponomeutidae, characterized by its narrow, light grey forewings and grey hindwings. Adults fly in a single generation during summer months. The species is closely similar to Ocnerostoma friesei and requires careful examination for identification.
moth Yponomeutidae pine-feeder European small-moth univoltine
Peripsocus milleri
Peripsocus milleri is a species of barklouse in the family Peripsocidae, characterized by brown coloration. The species has been recorded across multiple regions including Great Britain, Ireland, continental Europe, and several Atlantic island groups. It is associated with oak trees as a feeding substrate.
barklouse oak-associated European Atlantic-islands
Peripsocus subfasciatus
Peripsocus subfasciatus is a barklouse species in the family Peripsocidae, found across Europe, the Azores, and North and South America. Adults are either black or brown in coloration. The species has been recorded feeding on a diverse range of woody plants including both conifers and broadleaf trees.
barklouse psocid European polyphagous
Platygaster munita
Platygaster munita is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Platygastridae, described by Francis Walker in 1836. The species is recorded from Europe, with confirmed presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As a member of Platygastridae, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae), though specific host associations for this species remain undocumented.
parasitoid platygastridae european walker-1836 gall-midge-parasitoid
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-species social-wasp paper-wasp predator pollinator urban-ecology eusocial nest-construction biological-control thermal-biology spatial-learning vibrational-communication aposematism honest-signal overwintering diapause Polistes Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America Europe New-Zealand South-Africa South-America monarch-butterfly caterpillar-predation nest-architecture gyne foundress dominance-hierarchy climate-change-impact energetics metabolic-rate microclimate suburban-habitat anthropogenic ornamental-pest vineyard-pest fruit-damage stinging-insect venom poison-gland warning-coloration Zahavian-signal Strepsiptera parasitoid Xenos behavioral-plasticity foraging learning memory thermoregulation ectothermy endothermy solar-radiation nest-temperature brood-development colony-survival multiple-founding single-founding season-length latitude temperate Mediterranean hibernacle overwintering-costs climate-warming range-expansion competition native-species-displacement biodiversity-impact conservation management control integrated-pest-management IPM identification antennae-color facial-markings caste reproduction male female sexual-dimorphism antennae abdomen wing mandible saliva paper comb cell pedicel trophallaxis larva pupa adult worker queen subordinate dominant aggression defense threat-display sting toxicity brightness coloration predator-avoidance prey caterpillar Lepidoptera butterfly moth garden agriculture vineyard orchard urban suburban rural forest habitat-preference temperature metabolism quiescence torpor survival fitness colony nest population abundance distribution range expansion invasion establishment introduction biotic-interaction trophic-cascade herbivory-suppression plant-fitness milkweed Danaus-plexippus monarch Nelson Tasman ecosystem-impact conservation-management biological-invasion ecology behavior physiology morphology taxonomy systematics nomenclature gender-agreement Latin Christ 1791 Vespa-dominula basionym catalogue-of-life GBIF iNaturalist observation citizen-science photography illustration field-guide orange black yellow red color-pattern size wing-length body compact legs short face square triangular dark curled straight elbowed blunt pointed tip Zahavian costly-signal hunt forage nectar honeydew aphid scale-insect flower grape umbellifer fennel lovage insect meatball feed emerge chew cap hexagonal wood-fiber bark exposed open umbrella stalk ant repellent substance coat protect location eave attic tree branch vine shrub cavity bird-box bee-hive shed grave-lantern overwinter shelter protected thermal climate cold winter spring summer autumn fall season month day activity defend threat display raise tiptoe social dominance hierarchy reproductive egg lay found cooperate compete selfish passive-aggressive individual recognition facial-marking cognition mushroom-body brain intelligent artist architect navigation plasticity spatial relocating food resource dish bait training experience vibration communication signal substrate-borne abdominal wagging oscillation secretion modulation perceive react movement attention feeding inspection body-temperature ambient solar radiation metabolic cost energetic expenditure efficiency warming change impact increase invasive spread success competitive ability flexibility adaptation reaction response condition year variation productivity founding single multiple rate benefit cooperation predation parasitism vesparum stylopid stylopization parasite host infestation mite Acari wasp fly effect community decline Danaus plexippus mortality instar early late larger smaller vulnerable resistant discovery chance contact direct recruitment nestmate site cascading trophic cascade herbivory suppression plant growth production Asclepias net exclusion experiment outcome suggestion strong detrimental ecosystem strategy method development protection biodiversity region first 2016 recent established exotic congener chinensis longer comparison higher lower greatest area built structure native unsuccessful translocate unable thrive warmer origin contributor factor research thesis insight behaviour knowledge direction aid effective journal publication DOI 10.26686 wgtn 14538585 v1 University Wellington Victoria MSc student dissertation study investigation analysis data field resident report local indirect interaction level function service provision natural pest biocontrol ornamental decorative crop damage fruit cherry western Colorado at least ripening choice preference height ground strata microsite environment closed habitat dense vegetation surrounding bush Patagonia Argentina Chile NW detected 2003 sympatric coexistence overlap minimal facilitation behavioral process interspecific semi-urban poorly studied species Hypodynerus labiatus new light finding contribution understanding collecting anthropized highlight importance consideration Ethology 10.1111 eth 13505 abstract only limited detail full text required 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Proteroiulus fuscus
Ochre Snake Millipede
Proteroiulus fuscus is a small European millipede in the family Blaniulidae, commonly known as the Ochre Snake Millipede. It exhibits sexual dimorphism in body size, with females notably larger than males. The species has a widespread but patchy distribution across Europe, being absent from several countries in the Balkans and Mediterranean region as well as various European islands.
millipede diplopod European sexual-dimorphism blaniulid
Scaptomyza adusta
Scaptomyza adusta is a species of fruit fly in the family Drosophilidae. It is native to Europe, with confirmed records from Great Britain and the Canary Islands, and doubtful records from Belgium and France. The species was originally described as Drosophila adusta by Loew in 1862 and later transferred to the genus Scaptomyza. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to a lineage of drosophilids that has undergone evolutionary transitions in feeding ecology.
fruit-fly drosophilid European
Stenopterapion
Stenopterapion is a genus of weevils in the family Brentidae, established by Bokor in 1923. It contains approximately six described species distributed primarily in Europe. The genus is characterized by a pear-shaped body form typical of many brentid weevils. Species within this genus are relatively small and associated with herbaceous vegetation.
weevil Brentidae Apioninae legume-associated European
Tournotaris
Tournotaris is a genus of weevils established in 1999, currently placed in the family Brachyceridae (sometimes treated as Erirhinidae or within Curculionidae in older classifications). The genus contains species native to Europe, with records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. At least one species, Tournotaris bimaculatus, has been described.
weevil European Brachyceridae Coleoptera
Valenzuela burmeisteri
Valenzuela burmeisteri is a species of barklouse in the family Caeciliusidae. It is a small, winged insect with yellowish-black coloration. The species has a broad distribution across Europe, including the British Isles, and extends into the Near East. It has been recorded from numerous European countries and island groups including the Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands.
barklouse psocid Caeciliusidae European tree-dwelling decomposer
Xiphydriophagus
Xiphydriophagus is a genus of chalcidoid wasps in the family Pteromalidae, described by Ferrière in 1952. The genus belongs to the subfamily Pteromalinae and tribe Pteromalini. Members of this genus are parasitoid wasps, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus has been recorded from limited localities in northern Europe.
parasitoid chalcidoid Pteromalidae European rarely-recorded