Solidago

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Asteromyia
Asteromyia is a genus of gall midges comprising approximately nine described species. Members of this genus induce distinct gall morphologies on host plants in the Asteraceae family, particularly Solidago (goldenrod) species. The genus is notable for complex ecological interactions, including obligate mutualisms with symbiotic fungi that form protective gall structures and mediate defense against parasitoids. Some species complexes exhibit incipient adaptive radiation with sympatric sibling species producing phenotypically distinct galls on the same host plant.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae fungal-mutualism mycangia incipient-speciation sympatric-speciation adaptive-radiation clutch-size-evolution Botryosphaeria Solidago goldenrod parasitoid-defense ambrosia-gall
Asteromyia carbonifera
Carbonifera goldenrod gall midge
Asteromyia carbonifera is a gall midge that forms an obligate mutualistic relationship with the fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea. Females carry fungal conidia in specialized mycangia on the ovipositor and deposit them alongside eggs on Solidago host plants. The fungus induces gall formation, and larvae feed on fungal tissue within the gall. This insect-fungus mutualism is essential for successful development; neither partner can complete its life cycle independently under natural conditions.
gall-midge mutualism mycophagy mycangia Botryosphaeria Solidago obligate-symbiosis parasitoid-defense
Asteromyia clarkei
Asteromyia clarkei is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae, first described by Felt in 1909. The genus Asteromyia comprises gall-inducing midges that form characteristic star-shaped or rosette galls on asteraceous host plants. As a member of this genus, A. clarkei is associated with inducing galls on goldenrod (Solidago) species. The species is known from North America with documented observations primarily from the United States.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Diptera Asteromyia gall-former Solidago goldenrod North-America
Cirrhophanus triangulifer
goldenrod stowaway, tickseed moth
Cirrhophanus triangulifer is a noctuid moth known by the common names goldenrod stowaway and tickseed moth. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1872. It is a diurnal adult that frequents yellow-flowered composite plants, with larvae specializing on Bidens species. The species occurs across eastern and central North America, with adults active in late summer.
diurnal Noctuidae Stiriinae North-America late-summer Bidens Solidago pollinator
Dielis tolteca
Toltec scoliid wasp
Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.
scoliid-wasp parasitoid scarab-beetle western-Colorado McInnis-Canyons spring-emergence Solidago mustards biological-control Hymenoptera Scoliidae Dielis Campsomerini biodiversity-survey integrated-pest-management melissa-schreiner extension-entomology saussure-1857 toltec-scoliid-wasp riparian Colorado-River flower-visitor nectar-feeding solitary-wasp ground-nesting-parasitoid scarab-grub-parasitoid aculeate apocrita aculeata campsomerinae western-North-America Nearctic Neotropical Mesoamerica Arizona Baja-California Sonora underground-host-hunter external-parasitoid larval-provisioning spring-active insect-biodiversity rare-ecosystem-survey natural-heritage-survey CSU-extension Colorado-State-University agricultural-pest-management tree-fruit wine-grapes row-crops invasive-species-monitoring Japanese-beetle Popillia-japonica corn-earworm Helicoverpa-zea IPM pest-monitoring moth-trapping B3-allele-testing citizen-science Department-of-Agriculture-trapping targeted-larval-treatments 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Melanoplus-F-Walker Scudder-femurrubrum Melanoplus-DeGeer Scudder-foedus Thomas-formosus Tropidolophus-Say McNeill-fusiformis Scudder-glaucipes Scudder-gracilis Scudder-haydeni Derotmema-Thomas Say-humile Bruner-infantilis Thomas-kennicotti Thomas-lakinus Scudder-longipennis Dissosteira-Thomas Girard-magnifica Trimerotropis-Rehn McNeill-montanus Xanthippus-Thomas Saussure-nebrascensis Phoetaliotes-Thomas Thomas-nevadensis Acrolophitus-Thomas DeGeer-nubilum Boopedon-Say Thomas-occidentalis Thomas-ocelote Hippiscus-Saussure Scudder-oregonensis Scudder-pallidipennis Trimerotropis-Burmeister Saussure-parviceps Cibolacris-Bruner Burmeister-pellucida Camnula-Scudder Walker-pistrinaria Trimerotropis-Saussure Thomas-ponderosus Thomas-quadrimaculatum Phlibostroma-Thomas Beutenmuller-rabula Circotettix-Rehn Hebard-regales Melanoplus-Dodge Haldeman-robustus Leprus-Hebard Scudder-sanguinipes Melanoplus-Fabricius Haldeman-simplex Arphia-Scudder Scudder-sordidus Encoptolophus-Burmeister 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Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis
Goldenrod Elliptical-Gall Moth, Goldenrod Gall Moth, Solidago Gall Moth, Goldenrod Gallmaker
Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis is a small moth in the family Gelechiidae that induces distinctive elliptical galls on goldenrod (Solidago) stems. The species exhibits host-associated genetic differentiation, with populations on different Solidago species showing significant genetic divergence even when geographically proximate. Research has demonstrated that the galls formed by this moth accumulate soil contaminants at higher concentrations than surrounding plant tissues, making them potentially useful as environmental pollution detectors. The moth is widely distributed across North America and is one of several gall-forming insects associated with goldenrod.
gall-former goldenrod Solidago phytoscreening pollution-detection ecological-speciation host-race Gelechiidae
Hesperotettix viridis viridis
Snakeweed Grasshopper
Hesperotettix viridis viridis, the Snakeweed Grasshopper, is a medium-sized, oligophagous grasshopper endemic to North America that feeds primarily on composite plants (Asteraceae) in the tribe Astereae. It is notable for its host plant-associated genetic differentiation, with populations on different host plants showing significant genetic structuring. The subspecies has long wings capable of dispersal and exhibits specialized foraging behavior responsive to local food depletion.
grasshopper Melanoplinae specialist-herbivore host-associated-differentiation biological-control rangeland Asteraceae oligophagous phytophilous ecological-speciation North-America Wyoming Colorado New-Mexico Kansas snakeweed Gutierrezia Solidago AFLP population-genetics foraging-behavior dispersal subspecies-viridis-viridis
Microrhopala vittata
goldenrod leaf miner, goldenrod leafminer
Microrhopala vittata is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the goldenrod leaf miner. Adults are 5–6 mm in length and exhibit variable coloration from red to black with distinctive lighter vittae (stripes) on the elytra. The species is highly specialized on goldenrods (Solidago spp.) and flat-topped goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), with larvae mining between leaf surfaces and adults feeding on upper leaves. Ecological studies have demonstrated its potential as a keystone species in old field communities, where outbreak populations can dramatically reduce tall goldenrod dominance and alter plant community composition for multiple years.
leaf-miner goldenrod keystone-species old-field-ecology hispine Cassidinae Chrysomelidae herbivory plant-community-dynamics Solidago Euthamia North-America outbreak-dynamics succession-ecology
Mordellistena convicta
tumbling flower beetle, gall-boring beetle, inquiline beetle
Mordellistena convicta is a gall-boring beetle in the family Mordellidae, described by LeConte in 1862. The species is an inquiline that inhabits galls induced by the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) on goldenrod plants (Solidago spp.). It has been studied as a model system for sequential radiation and host-associated speciation, with populations showing differentiation corresponding to the host races of their gall fly associates. Adults use olfactory cues from gall tissues to locate suitable host plants for mating and oviposition.
inquiline gall-borer sequential-radiation host-associated-differentiation olfactory-ecology Eurosta-solidaginis goldenrod Solidago chemical-ecology speciation-model
Neolasioptera lathami
Neolasioptera lathami is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 1971. The species is associated with goldenrod (Solidago) host plants, where it induces stem galls. It has been documented in 745 iNaturalist observations, indicating moderate public awareness and detectability. As a member of Neolasioptera, it belongs to a genus of gall midges specialized on asteraceous plants.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae goldenrod Solidago stem-gall parasitoid-host induced-structure plant-insect-interaction
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-species social-wasp paper-wasp predator pollinator urban-ecology eusocial nest-construction biological-control thermal-biology spatial-learning vibrational-communication aposematism honest-signal overwintering diapause Polistes Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America Europe New-Zealand South-Africa South-America monarch-butterfly caterpillar-predation nest-architecture gyne foundress dominance-hierarchy climate-change-impact energetics metabolic-rate microclimate suburban-habitat anthropogenic ornamental-pest vineyard-pest fruit-damage stinging-insect venom poison-gland warning-coloration Zahavian-signal Strepsiptera parasitoid Xenos behavioral-plasticity foraging learning memory thermoregulation ectothermy endothermy solar-radiation nest-temperature brood-development colony-survival multiple-founding single-founding season-length latitude temperate Mediterranean hibernacle overwintering-costs climate-warming range-expansion competition native-species-displacement biodiversity-impact conservation management control integrated-pest-management IPM identification antennae-color facial-markings caste reproduction male female sexual-dimorphism antennae abdomen wing mandible saliva paper comb cell pedicel trophallaxis larva pupa adult worker queen subordinate dominant aggression defense threat-display sting toxicity brightness coloration predator-avoidance prey caterpillar Lepidoptera butterfly moth garden agriculture vineyard orchard urban suburban rural forest habitat-preference temperature metabolism quiescence torpor survival fitness colony nest population abundance distribution range expansion invasion establishment introduction biotic-interaction trophic-cascade herbivory-suppression plant-fitness milkweed Danaus-plexippus monarch Nelson Tasman ecosystem-impact conservation-management biological-invasion ecology behavior physiology morphology taxonomy systematics nomenclature gender-agreement Latin Christ 1791 Vespa-dominula basionym catalogue-of-life GBIF iNaturalist observation citizen-science photography illustration field-guide orange black yellow red color-pattern size wing-length body compact legs short face square triangular dark curled straight elbowed blunt pointed tip Zahavian costly-signal hunt forage nectar honeydew aphid scale-insect flower grape umbellifer fennel lovage insect meatball feed emerge chew cap hexagonal wood-fiber bark exposed open umbrella stalk ant repellent substance coat protect location eave attic tree branch vine shrub cavity bird-box bee-hive shed grave-lantern overwinter shelter protected thermal climate cold winter spring summer autumn fall season month day activity defend threat display raise tiptoe social dominance hierarchy reproductive egg lay found cooperate compete selfish passive-aggressive individual recognition facial-marking cognition mushroom-body brain intelligent artist architect navigation plasticity spatial relocating food resource dish bait training experience vibration communication signal substrate-borne abdominal wagging oscillation secretion modulation perceive react movement attention feeding inspection body-temperature ambient solar radiation metabolic cost energetic expenditure efficiency warming change impact increase invasive spread success competitive ability flexibility adaptation reaction response condition year variation productivity founding single multiple rate benefit cooperation predation parasitism vesparum stylopid stylopization parasite host infestation mite Acari wasp fly effect community decline Danaus plexippus mortality instar early late larger smaller vulnerable resistant discovery chance contact direct recruitment nestmate site cascading trophic cascade herbivory suppression plant growth production Asclepias net exclusion experiment outcome suggestion strong detrimental ecosystem strategy method development protection biodiversity region first 2016 recent established exotic congener chinensis longer comparison higher lower greatest area built structure native unsuccessful translocate unable thrive warmer origin contributor factor research thesis insight behaviour knowledge direction aid effective journal publication DOI 10.26686 wgtn 14538585 v1 University Wellington Victoria MSc student dissertation study investigation analysis data field resident report local indirect interaction level function service provision natural pest biocontrol ornamental decorative crop damage fruit cherry western Colorado at least ripening choice preference height ground strata microsite environment closed habitat dense vegetation surrounding bush Patagonia Argentina Chile NW detected 2003 sympatric coexistence overlap minimal facilitation behavioral process interspecific semi-urban poorly studied species Hypodynerus labiatus new light finding contribution understanding collecting anthropized highlight importance consideration Ethology 10.1111 eth 13505 abstract only limited detail full text required 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ReplyDelete RepliesReplyOut prairieSeptember 8:02 keeping cabbage worm seen RepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember 13 2:06 PM becoming here Upper Peninsula Michigan pendulum seems swung ago everywhere vanishingly rare haven't again house right RepliesReplyL.R ShimerSeptember 4:35 head gal work everybody else kinda egalitarian RepliesReplyLarryMay 9:34 directed Bev Wigney BTW lived NE Missouri detailed presented Thanks cogent scientifically accurate summary insect's life-cycle RepliesBug EricMay 3:47 kind compliments Delete RepliesReplyReplyAdd commentLoad Blog currently reply reader himself Working resolve Newer Older Subscribe Atom Demonized hosting 4 p.m.Saturday Jan 20 Room 1124 Academic Surge 455 Crocker Lane campus Attendees chat check 50,000 vespid eight-million free friendly Parking estimate 2000 described inhabit 500 undescribed headline-grabbing giant Vespa mandarinia formerly Asian news media dubbed murder hornet confuse identify sheet example hidden rodent burrow wall huge 100,00 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Publilia
Publilia is a genus of treehoppers (Membracidae) native to North America, with species occurring primarily in the eastern and central United States. The genus is notable for forming dense aggregations on host plants, particularly goldenrods (Solidago spp.), where nymphs and adults are tended by ants in exchange for honeydew. This mutualistic relationship has made Publilia a model system for studying ant-hemipteran interactions and their ecological consequences for host plants. The genus is distinguished from related treehoppers by its relatively unadorned pronotum compared to the elaborate projections seen in many Neotropical membracids.
treehopper membracidae ant-mutualism myrmecophily hemiptera solidago goldenrod aggregation-behavior honeydew nearctic
Publilia concava
Aster Treehopper
Publilia concava is an eastern North American treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae) commonly occurring in large aggregations on goldenrod (Solidago spp.). Adults oviposit in early June; nymphs hatch by late June and aggregations peak in mid-July. The species forms dense aggregations of up to 500+ individuals on single plant ramets. It is obligately associated with tending ants, primarily Formica subsericea, Camponotus noveboracensis, and Lasius species, which defend treehoppers from natural enemies in exchange for honeydew. Feeding causes leaf damage including drooping and premature browning. The species is a model system for studying ant-hemipteran mutualisms and spatial ecology.
treehopper Membracidae ant-tended myrmecophile mutualism goldenrod Solidago aggregation-behavior model-organism eastern-North-America
Rhopalomyia anthophila
Downy Flower Gall Midge
Rhopalomyia anthophila is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces distinctive galls on the capitulum (flower head) of Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod). The species is distributed across much of North America. The gall's modified flower structure provides a protected chamber for larval development.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae Solidago goldenrod gall-inducer North-America
Rhopalomyia clarkei
Rhopalomyia clarkei is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae, first described by Felt in 1907. The species induces small, conical, single-chambered galls on two host plants: Solidago altissima and Solidago rugosa. It occurs in north-eastern and north-central North America. Adult females are approximately 2 mm long with a dull red abdomen and 17 antennal segments.
gall-midge Cecidomyiidae gall-former goldenrod Solidago North-America
Rhopalomyia hirtipes
Rhopalomyia hirtipes is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces distinctive galls on Solidago juncea (early goldenrod) in eastern North America. The species forms large, ovoid, multi-chambered stem galls at the base of host plant stems, surrounded by a rosette of long leaves. Adults emerge in early to late September following larval development and pupation within the gall structure.
gall-midge cecidomyiidae solidago goldenrod stem-gall eastern-north-america
Trirhabda borealis
Boreal Goldenrod Leaf Beetle
Trirhabda borealis is a skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is a specialist herbivore associated with goldenrod (Solidago) and has been studied for its movement behavior in fragmented versus continuous habitats. The species occurs in North America, with records from western Canada and the northern United States.
Chrysomelidae skeletonizing-leaf-beetle goldenrod-specialist landscape-ecology movement-behavior herbivore North-America boreal montane Trirhabda Solidago fragmentation habitat-specialist
Trirhabda canadensis
goldenrod leaf beetle
Trirhabda canadensis, commonly known as the goldenrod leaf beetle, is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America and specializes in feeding on goldenrod species (Solidago). Outbreak populations can cause severe defoliation, removing 20-100% of leaf area from host plants. The species has been studied for its ecological impacts on plant communities and its interactions with other herbivores.
Chrysomelidae goldenrod Solidago folivore outbreak-species keystone-herbivore defoliation old-field-ecology
Trirhabda virgata
goldenrod beetle, goldenrod leaf beetle
Trirhabda virgata is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the goldenrod beetle. It is native to North America and specializes on goldenrod plants (Solidago spp.) in the Asteraceae family. The species has been extensively studied for its host plant relationships, density-dependent dispersal behavior, and potential role as a keystone herbivore in old field ecosystems. Adults and larvae feed on goldenrod foliage, with larvae causing significant defoliation during outbreak conditions.
leaf-beetle Chrysomelidae goldenrod Solidago herbivory dispersal keystone-species old-field-ecology density-dependent-behavior host-specialization Asteraceae
Uroleucon caligatum
Northern Green Goldenrod Aphid
Uroleucon caligatum is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, specialized on goldenrod hosts in the genus Solidago. The species exhibits significant intraspecific variability in performance across different host plant clones. Like other Uroleucon species, it likely reproduces parthenogenetically during the growing season. Field studies have demonstrated that plant clone identity strongly affects aphid developmental time, adult weight, and colony growth.
aphid herbivore parthenogenesis host-plant-interaction Solidago goldenrod intraspecific-variability