Myrmecophile
Guides
Actiastes fundatum
Actiastes fundatum is a species of ant-loving beetle in the family Staphylinidae, described by Grigarick & Schuster in 1971. It belongs to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group of small rove beetles known for their myrmecophilous associations. The species is documented from North America. Very few observations exist, with only two records in iNaturalist.
Actiastes globiferum
ant-loving beetle
Actiastes globiferum is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by LeConte in 1849. It belongs to a group commonly referred to as 'ant-loving beetles,' which are known for their associations with ant colonies. The species is documented from North America, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Adranes
ant-loving beetles
Adranes is a genus of obligately myrmecophilous beetles in the rove beetle family Staphylinidae. These small beetles are entirely dependent on ants of the genus Lasius, living as inquilines within their nests. The six described species share extreme morphological adaptations for this lifestyle, including complete eyelessness, reduced mouthparts, and highly modified antennae. They are known from North America, with species distributed across the United States and Pacific coast regions.
Adranes coecus
Adranes coecus is a species of ant-loving beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is known from eastern North America. The species belongs to the tribe Clavigerini, whose members are obligate myrmecophiles, living in close association with ant colonies.
Adranes dietzii
Adranes dietzii is a minute rove beetle in the subfamily Pselaphinae, described by Schaeffer in 1906. The species belongs to the tribe Clavigerini, a group known for myrmecophilous (ant-associated) habits. It has been recorded from California, USA. Like other members of its tribe, it likely exhibits specialized morphological adaptations for life with ants.
Adranes lecontei
LeConte's Ant-loving Rove Beetle
Adranes lecontei is a species of ant-loving rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is an obligate myrmecophile, meaning it lives in association with ants. The species is known from North America, with records from Canada and the United States.
Adranes taylori
Taylor's Ant-loving Rove Beetle
Adranes taylori is a species of myrmecophilous rove beetle in the tribe Clavigerini, described by Wickham in 1901. Members of this genus are obligate associates of ants, possessing specialized morphological adaptations for life within ant colonies. The species occurs in western North America from British Columbia to California.
Antennophorus
Antennophorus is a genus of mites in the family Antennophoridae. The genus was described by Haller in 1877. At least one species, Antennophorus grandis, is a documented obligate ectoparasite of ants, specifically riding on workers of Lasius flavus and feeding through host manipulation. The genus includes multiple described species, though detailed life history information is available primarily for A. grandis.
Aphis
Aphis is a large genus of aphids in the family Aphididae containing at least 400–600 species. The genus includes numerous significant agricultural pests, notably the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), and apple aphid (Aphis pomi). Many species form mutualistic associations with ants (myrmecophily), exchanging honeydew for protection. Species identification within the genus often requires examination of morphological characters such as siphunculi and cauda structure.
Arthmius morsus
ant-loving beetle
Arthmius morsus is a species of ant-loving beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by Fletcher in 1932. It belongs to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group characterized by small size and association with ant colonies. The species is documented from Arizona, USA. Like other members of the tribe Batrisini, it is presumed to inhabit ant nests, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Attaphila
Attaphila is a genus of minute myrmecophilous cockroaches that inhabit the fungus gardens of leaf-cutting ants. The genus comprises nine described species, divided into two host-specific groups: the bergi-group associated with Acromyrmex ants, and the fungicola-group associated with Atta ants. These cockroaches possess unique morphological adaptations for life within ant colonies, including specialized antennal structures and modified leg morphology.
Attaphila fungicola
ant cockroach
Attaphila fungicola is a small myrmecophilous cockroach species described by Wheeler in 1900. The species is notable for its obligate association with leaf-cutter ants (Atta spp.), living within ant colonies. It belongs to the family Ectobiidae and has been documented in Texas and other parts of North America. The common name "ant cockroach" reflects this specialized ecological relationship.
Batrisodes frontalis
Batrisodes frontalis is a species of ant-loving beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by LeConte in 1849. It is distributed across northern North America, with records from Canada and the northern United States. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with ant colonies, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The species is one of several in the genus Batrisodes found in North America.
Batrisodes mendocino
Batrisodes mendocino is a small rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by Casey in 1886. It is an ant-loving beetle (myrmecophile) that has been documented in California, USA. The species epithet refers to Mendocino County or the broader Mendocino region of coastal northern California. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with ant colonies, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Biotus
ant-loving beetles
Biotus is a genus of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Pselaphinae, characterized by their association with ants. The genus contains a single described species, Biotus formicarius, described by Casey in 1887. Members of this genus are classified as myrmecophiles—organisms that live in association with ant colonies.
Caccoplectus
Caccoplectus is a genus of myrmecophilous (ant-loving) rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae. The genus was established by Sharp in 1887 and contains approximately nine described species. These beetles are associated with ant colonies, a common ecological strategy among pselaphine beetles. Most species have been described from the Neotropical region, particularly Central America.
myrmecophileant-associatedpselaphinerove-beetleNeotropicalStaphylinidaePselaphinaeArhytodinitropicalant-colony-inhabitantinquilinemicrohabitat-specialistleaf-littersoil-dwellingcrypticrarely-collectedsmall-beetlemorphologically-specialized1887-descriptionSharpCentral-AmericaPanamaColeopteraPolyphagaStaphyliniformiaStaphylinoideaPselaphitaegenus-levelnine-speciesconicusdegallierilucidusnuttingipectinatusschwarzisentisspinipessucineasspine-legged-pselaphidChandlerWoldaSchaeffer190619761986type-species-unknownrarely-observediNaturalist:-2-observationsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedGBIF-acceptedNCBI-acceptedEukaryotaMetazoaHexapodaInsectaArthropodaAnimaliabeetleinsectarthropodanimalCedius spinosus
Cedius spinosus is a small rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group commonly known as ant-loving beetles. The species is native to North America. Pselaphinae beetles are typically minute, with reduced elytra and compact bodies adapted for life in soil litter and ant colonies.
Conoplectus
Conoplectus is a genus of ant-loving beetles in the family Staphylinidae, established by Brendel in 1888. The genus contains five described species, all described or redescribed by Carlton in 1983 except for C. canaliculatus, which was originally described by LeConte in 1849. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a diverse group of small rove beetles commonly associated with ants and other social insects.
Cremastocheilus angularis
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus angularis is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle species in the genus Cremastocheilus, commonly known as anteater scarabs. Like other members of this genus, it is believed to live within ant colonies as a predator of ant larvae and pupae, though specific details for this species remain limited. The species name 'angularis' refers to the angular body shape characteristic of the genus. It occurs in western North America, with confirmed records from California.
Cremastocheilus armatus
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus armatus is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle specialized for life within ant colonies. The species exhibits extreme morphological adaptations including reduced eyes, shortened elytra exposing most of the abdomen, and dense trichomes on abdominal tergites. Males display prominent pronotal horns absent in females. The beetle integrates into host ant colonies where it obtains food through interactions with worker ants.
Cremastocheilus armatus montanus
Cremastocheilus armatus montanus is a subspecies of anteater scarab beetle, a myrmecophilous beetle that lives within ant colonies. Adults and larvae are predators of ant brood, feeding on ant larvae and pupae. The subspecies occurs in western North America at higher elevations, with records from montane regions of California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and British Columbia. Like other members of the genus, it exhibits specialized morphological adaptations for life within ant nests, including a heavily armored exoskeleton and modified mouthparts for piercing ant larvae.
Cremastocheilus canaliculatus
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus canaliculatus is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the subfamily Cetoniinae. Adults are approximately 10 mm in length, dull black, flattened, and heavily armored with a dense, pitted exoskeleton. The species is an obligate associate of ant colonies, where adults prey on ant larvae and pupae. It occurs in eastern North America, ranging from Ontario and Quebec south through the eastern United States.
Cremastocheilus castaneae
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus castaneae is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle known as an 'anteater scarab' for its specialized predatory relationship with ants. Adults and larvae inhabit ant colonies, primarily those of mound-building Formica species, where they feed on ant brood. The species exhibits remarkable morphological and behavioral adaptations for colony infiltration and survival, including death-feigning behavior to gain entry and dense, armored exoskeletons for protection. It is one of approximately 35 North American species in the genus Cremastocheilus, which reaches greatest diversity in the desert southwest but occurs across much of the United States and southern Canada.
Cremastocheilus constricticollis
Cremastocheilus constricticollis is a species of anteater scarab beetle native to the southwestern United States. Like other members of its genus, it is a myrmecophile that lives within ant colonies as a predator of ant larvae and pupae. The species exhibits specialized morphological adaptations including a dense, heavily armored exoskeleton and modified mouthparts for piercing soft ant cuticle. Adults are known to employ death-feigning behavior to gain entry to ant nests. The species was described by Cazier in 1940 and is among roughly 35 recognized North American species in this genus, which is currently undergoing taxonomic revision.
Cremastocheilus depressus
Anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus depressus is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the genus Cremastocheilus, commonly known as anteater scarabs. Adults are specialized predators of ant larvae and pupae, living within colonies of mound-building ants. The species exhibits remarkable morphological and behavioral adaptations for infiltrating and surviving in ant nests, including death-feigning behavior to gain entry and dense, heavily armored exoskeletons for protection.
Cremastocheilus harrisii
Eastern Ant-loving Scarab
Cremastocheilus harrisii is a species of anteater scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. As a member of the genus Cremastocheilus, it exhibits the specialized myrmecophilous lifestyle characteristic of this group, living within ant colonies and feeding on ant brood. The species is part of a genus of approximately 35 North American species that have evolved remarkable morphological and behavioral adaptations for surviving in hostile ant nest environments.
Cremastocheilus knochii
Cremastocheilus knochii is a species of myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. As a member of the genus Cremastocheilus, commonly known as anteater scarabs, it is expected to exhibit the specialized adaptations characteristic of this group: obligate association with ant colonies, predatory feeding on ant brood, and morphological modifications for survival within hostile ant nests. The species is one of approximately 35 recognized Cremastocheilus species in North America north of Mexico.
Cremastocheilus maritimus
Cremastocheilus maritimus is a species of anteater scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae. Like other members of its genus, it is a myrmecophile that lives within ant colonies and feeds on ant brood. The species was described by Casey in 1915 and is known from coastal California. It shares the genus-wide adaptations for ant colony infiltration, including death-feigning behavior to gain entry and specialized mouthparts for piercing ant larvae.
Cremastocheilus mexicanus
Anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus mexicanus is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the tribe Cremastocheilini. The species is part of a genus of approximately 35 North American species known as 'anteater scarabs' for their specialized predatory relationship with ants. Adults and larvae inhabit ant colonies where they feed on ant brood, exhibiting remarkable morphological and behavioral adaptations for this lifestyle. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Cremastocheilus nitens
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus nitens is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the genus Cremastocheilus, commonly known as anteater scarab beetles. Like other members of this genus, it lives within ant colonies as a predator of ant brood. The species is native to the central United States and exhibits specialized morphological adaptations for survival inside hostile ant nests, including dense armored exoskeletons and modified mouthparts for feeding on ant larvae and pupae.
Cremastocheilus opaculus
Cremastocheilus opaculus is a species of anteater scarab beetle, one of approximately 35 North American species in the genus Cremastocheilus. Like other members of this genus, it is myrmecophilous, living within ant colonies where adults prey upon ant larvae and pupae. The species exhibits specialized morphological adaptations for this lifestyle, including a heavily armored exoskeleton and modified mouthparts. It has been documented from California and Baja California.
Cremastocheilus planipes
Cremastocheilus planipes is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the genus Cremastocheilus, commonly known as anteater scarabs. These beetles are specialized inhabitants of ant colonies, where they live as predators of ant brood. The species exhibits remarkable morphological and behavioral adaptations for infiltrating and surviving within hostile ant nests. Like other members of its genus, C. planipes is poorly studied and infrequently encountered due to its cryptic lifestyle.
Cremastocheilus puncticollis
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus puncticollis is a species of anteater scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. Like other members of the genus Cremastocheilus, this species is a specialized myrmecophile that lives within ant colonies. The species is found in the southwestern United States, specifically in Arizona and California. Adults are predators of ant larvae and pupae, employing remarkable behavioral and morphological adaptations to infiltrate and survive within hostile ant nests.
Cremastocheilus quadratus
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus quadratus is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by Fall in 1912. Like other members of its genus, it lives within ant colonies as a predator of ant larvae and pupae. The species is found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
Cremastocheilus retractus
Cremastocheilus retractus is a species of anteater scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. Like other members of its genus, this species is myrmecophilous, living within ant colonies where adults feed on ant larvae and pupae. The species occurs in central North America, with records from the United States and Mexico. Two subspecies are recognized: C. r. retractus and C. r. incisus.
Cremastocheilus saucius
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus saucius is a species of anteater scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. Like other members of its genus, it is a myrmecophile that lives within ant colonies as a predator of ant brood. The species is found in the southwestern and central United States and northern Mexico. It exhibits specialized morphological adaptations for surviving in hostile ant nest environments.
Cremastocheilus schaumii
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus schaumii is a North American scarab beetle notable for its obligate myrmecophilous lifestyle. Adults live within ant colonies as predators of ant larvae and pupae, employing specialized morphological adaptations to avoid detection and expulsion by host workers. The species exhibits a complex life cycle involving death-feigning behavior to gain entry to nests, chemical camouflage through acquisition of colony scent, and modified mouthparts for piercing ant brood. Two subspecies are recognized: C. s. schaumii and C. s. tibialis.
Cremastocheilus spinifer
anteater scarab beetle
Cremastocheilus spinifer is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle species that lives within ant colonies as a predator of ant brood. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits remarkable behavioral and morphological adaptations for infiltrating and surviving in hostile ant nest environments. The species is part of a group of approximately 35 North American species known as "anteater scarabs" for their specialized diet of ant larvae and pupae.
Cremastocheilus squamulosus
Cremastocheilus squamulosus is a species of anteater scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. Like other members of its genus, it is a myrmecophile that lives within ant colonies. The species occurs in the southeastern United States, where it has been recorded from Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Cremastocheilus wheeleri
Cremastocheilus wheeleri is a myrmecophilous scarab beetle in the genus Cremastocheilus, commonly known as anteater scarabs. Adults and larvae live within ant colonies as predators, feeding on ant larvae and pupae. The species exhibits specialized morphological adaptations for surviving in hostile ant nests, including dense exoskeletal armor, modified mouthparts for piercing ant brood, and death-feigning behavior to gain entry to nests. It is found in western and central North America, primarily associated with mound-building ants in the genus Formica.
Crematoxenini
Crematoxenini is a tribe of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae, subfamily Aleocharinae) established by Mann in 1921. The tribe comprises eleven genera and approximately eighteen described species. Members of this tribe are myrmecophiles, living in association with army ants (Ecitoninae).
Ctenistini
ant-loving beetles
Ctenistini is a tribe of minute ant-loving beetles in the rove beetle family Staphylinidae, specifically within the subfamily Pselaphinae. The tribe was established by Blanchard in 1845 with Ctenistes as the type genus. It comprises at least five genera and approximately six described species, though the group remains poorly studied.
Cylindrarctus crinifer
Cylindrarctus crinifer is a small ant-loving beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae. The species is known from scattered records across the eastern and central United States. Like other members of the tribe Tychini, it is associated with ant colonies. Published information on its biology remains limited.
Cyphomyrmex
fungus-growing ants
Cyphomyrmex is a genus of small, drab-colored fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini, found primarily in the Neotropics. These ants cultivate fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae as their primary food source, with most species growing fungal nodules rather than full mycelial gardens. Colonies are typically monogynous and small, rarely exceeding 500 workers. The genus is divided into two species complexes: the strigatus complex (South America only) and the rimosus complex (southern North America to South America). Cyphomyrmex represents a basal lineage among attine ants and serves as sister group to Mycetophylax.
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steevesi
Dalmosanus steevesi is a species of ant-loving beetle (myrmecophile) in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae. It is a small rove beetle known to inhabit ant colonies. The species was described in 1968 from North American specimens.
Decarthron
Decarthron is a genus of ant-loving beetles (myrmecophiles) in the rove beetle family Staphylinidae. The genus contains more than 20 described species. These beetles belong to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group characterized by small body size and association with ants or other social insects. The genus was established by Brendel in 1865.
Dinardilla liometopi
Dinardilla liometopi is a small rove beetle described by Wasmann in 1901. It belongs to the tribe Sceptobiini within the large subfamily Aleocharinae. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Very few observations exist in public databases, indicating it is rarely collected or potentially cryptic in habit.
Dinocoryna arizonensis
Dinocoryna arizonensis is a species of rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) in the order Coleoptera. It was described by Seevers in 1959. The species is a known myrmecophile, documented as an associate of Neivamyrmex army ants. It occurs in the southwestern United States, specifically in Arizona and California.
Entylia carinata
keeled treehopper
Entylia carinata is a small treehopper in the family Membracidae, notable for its pronounced saddle-shaped pronotal keel. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with females larger and more prominently keeled than males. It engages in mutualistic relationships with several ant species and demonstrates parental care behavior. Adults overwinter in leaf litter and emerge in spring to reproduce on host plants.
Euparia
Euparia is a genus of aphodiine dung beetles comprising approximately six described species. The genus includes Euparia castanea, which has been documented as a myrmecophile in fire ant colonies. Species occur in the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions.