Smiliinae
Guides
Acutalini
Acutalini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing approximately 26 described species distributed from Canada to Brazil and Peru. Members are characterized by distinctive forewing venation including separate R, M, and Cu veins near the wing base, presence of R2+3 as a distinct branch, and R4+5 confluent with M distad of the M fork. Nymphs are cryptic, solitary, and not ant-attended, with unique morphological features including paired scoli on thoracic and abdominal segments. Adults are primarily Neotropical, with many species associated with forest canopy habitats.
Acutalis
Acutalis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, first described by Léon Fairmaire in 1846. The genus contains four species distributed across eastern North America and parts of Central and South America. Like other treehoppers, species in this genus possess an enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. Acutalis tartarea has been photographed in the field on goldenrod (Solidago sp.) in Missouri.
Anisostylus fulgidus
Anisostylus fulgidus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1937. The genus Anisostylus belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this family are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, which often extends into elaborate structures. Very little specific information has been published about the biology or natural history of this particular species.
Anisostylus stylatus
Anisostylus stylatus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Caldwell in 1949. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species has been documented in the western United States, specifically in Idaho and Utah. Like other members of the genus Anisostylus, it possesses a pronotum modified into a distinctive dorsal structure characteristic of treehoppers.
Atymna
Atymna is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, first described by Stål in 1867. The genus comprises at least ten recognized species distributed primarily in North America. Members of this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, a defining feature of treehoppers that extends over the body. Several species have been documented feeding on oaks and other woody plants.
Atymna castaneae
Atymna castaneae is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Asa Fitch in 1851. It is a specialist herbivore restricted to chestnut trees (Castanea spp.), feeding on both the American chestnut (C. dentata) and Allegheny chinquapin (C. pumila). The species epithet directly reflects this host association. Its historical distribution across eastern North America has been impacted by the decline of its primary host due to chestnut blight.
Atymna inornata
Atymna inornata is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. First described by Thomas Say in 1831, this species is characterized by its relatively unadorned pronotum compared to other members of the genus. Treehoppers in this group are known for their highly modified pronota that often extend into elaborate structures, though A. inornata exhibits a more subdued morphology consistent with its specific epithet.
Atymna simplex
Atymna simplex is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1908. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Smiliini. The species has been recorded in Arizona and Texas, with limited observational data available.
Bajulata
Bajulata is a monotypic genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Amastrini. It contains a single species, Bajulata bajula, described by Ball in 1933. As a treehopper, it belongs to the diverse group of true bugs known for their enlarged and often elaborate pronotal structures. The genus is rarely documented, with minimal observational records available.
Bryantopsis
Bryantopsis is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) in the subfamily Smiliinae. It contains a single described species, Bryantopsis ensigera, with two subspecies: B. e. ensigera and B. e. humerosa. The genus was established by Ball in 1937 and is restricted to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Carynota
Carynota is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, established by Fitch in 1851. The genus contains four described species: C. maculata, C. marmorata, C. mera, and C. stupida. Treehoppers in this genus exhibit the enlarged pronotum characteristic of Membracidae, which extends over the body like a thorn or helmet.
Ceresini
Buffalo Treehoppers and allies
Ceresini is a tribe of treehoppers within the subfamily Smiliinae (family Membracidae). It is notable among smiliine tribes as the only one with Palaearctic representatives; most other Smiliinae tribes are restricted to the Americas. The tribe includes the genus Ceresa, known as buffalo treehoppers, as well as genera such as Ilithucia, which are primarily distributed across the Andean highlands of South America. Members of this tribe exhibit the characteristic enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum typical of Membracidae.
Cyrtolobus maculifrontis
Cyrtolobus maculifrontis is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ebenezer Emmons in 1854. The species name refers to the distinctive black spots on its forehead. Like other members of the genus Cyrtolobus, it possesses a pronounced pronotum, a characteristic feature of treehoppers that may serve multiple functions including camouflage and chemical communication. It occurs in the central and eastern United States and southern Canada.
Cyrtolobus oblongatus
Cyrtolobus oblongatus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. It belongs to the genus Cyrtolobus, a group characterized by their enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum that extends over the body. The species is known from Arizona based on collection records.
Cyrtolobus ovatus
Cyrtolobus ovatus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1908. Members of this genus are characterized by their distinctive pronotal projections. The species is documented from scattered localities in the eastern United States. Like other membracids, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem sap, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Enchenopa on-viburnum-rufidulum
Enchenopa on-viburnum-rufidulum is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, documented as a host-specialist on Viburnum rufidulum (rusty blackhaw). This species represents part of a complex of Enchenopa host-races that have diversified on different plant lineages. The specific epithet reflects its documented association with this particular Viburnum host. Host-race formation in this group has been studied as a potential case of incipient speciation driven by host plant shifts.
Entylia carinata
keeled treehopper
Entylia carinata is a small treehopper in the family Membracidae, notable for its pronounced saddle-shaped pronotal keel. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with females larger and more prominently keeled than males. It engages in mutualistic relationships with several ant species and demonstrates parental care behavior. Adults overwinter in leaf litter and emerge in spring to reproduce on host plants.
Entylia carinata concisa
Entylia carinata concisa is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae. Treehoppers in this genus are small insects characterized by an enlarged, often hatchet-shaped pronotum that extends over the thorax. The species Entylia carinata has been documented in association with odorous house ants (Tapinoma sessile), which tend the treehoppers for their honeydew secretions. The subspecies concisa represents a geographic variant within this ant-associated treehopper complex.
Heliria
Heliria is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, established by Stål in 1867. The genus contains thirteen described species distributed in North America. Members of this genus are phytophagous insects associated with woody host plants. At least one species, Heliria praealta, has been documented feeding on chokecherry (Prunus virginiana).
Micrutalini
Micrutalini is a tribe of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae) containing two genera: Micrutalis and Trachytalis. The tribe is distinguished by exceptionally small fifth-instar nymphs (3.0–3.5 mm) and unique morphological features including ventrolateral scoli in some species—a condition unknown elsewhere in Smiliinae. Nymphs are cryptic, solitary, and not associated with ants. The tribe occurs throughout much of the Americas and the West Indies.
Ophiderma compacta
Ophiderma compacta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Gibson and Wells in 1917. The genus Ophiderma belongs to the tribe Smiliini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by diverse pronotal modifications. Species in this genus are part of the Nearctic treehopper fauna, with records from the southwestern United States.
Ophiderma stonei
Ophiderma stonei is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, described by Ball in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum that distinguishes treehoppers from related leafhoppers. The species is known from Florida, USA, and belongs to a genus containing multiple North American species that can be challenging to distinguish without close examination.
Palonica
Palonica is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Telamonini, established by Ball in 1931. The genus contains four described species: Palonica nogalana, P. pyramidata, P. tremulata, and P. viridia. As members of the subfamily Smiliinae, these insects exhibit the pronounced pronotal modifications characteristic of many treehoppers. The genus has been documented in North America, with at least one species (Palonica portola) recorded from California.
Palonica pyramidata ampliata
Palonica pyramidata ampliata is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body. The subspecies epithet "ampliata" suggests enlarged or amplified features relative to the nominate form.
Palonica pyramidata nasuta
A subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, characterized by the pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the group. Belongs to the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae. Described by Ball in 1931.
Palonica pyramidata portola
Palonica pyramidata portola is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. It was described by Ball in 1931. The species Palonica pyramidata belongs to the tribe Telamonini, a group of treehoppers known for their often elaborate pronotal modifications. The subspecies epithet "portola" suggests a type locality or association, though specific details are not documented in available sources. Records indicate occurrence in Colorado, USA.
Palonica pyramidata pyramidata
Palonica pyramidata pyramidata is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, tribe Telamonini. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum. The subspecies was described by Uhler in 1877. It belongs to the Smiliinae subfamily, which is primarily distributed in the Nearctic region.
Palonica viridia
Palonica viridia is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1903. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications. The species has been recorded across multiple states in western and central North America.
Paraceresa
Paraceresa is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, established by Kopp & Yonke in 1979. The genus contains 11 described species distributed primarily in South America. Species have been recorded from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. The genus belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the diverse treehopper radiation.
Paraceresa colon
Paraceresa colon is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Germar in 1835. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. As with other membracids, this species is characterized by its distinctive pronotal structure. The genus Paraceresa is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of the Americas.
Parantonae arida
Parantonae arida is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Flock & Gill in 1987. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species is part of a genus whose members are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
Polyglypta
Polyglypta is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the family. The genus was established by Burmeister in 1835 and contains at least three described species: P. costata, P. dorsalis, and P. lineata. All three species were described by Burmeister. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Polyglyptini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group known for diverse and often elaborate pronotal structures.
Polyglyptini
Polyglyptini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. The tribe contains at least four genera—Bryantopsis, Entylia, Polyglyptini, and Publilia—with approximately nine described species. Members exhibit the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of Membracidae, though specific morphological features distinguishing this tribe from related groups remain poorly documented in available literature.
Publilia reticulata
Publilia reticulata is a colonial treehopper (Membracidae) that feeds on New York ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis). It exhibits spatial segregation from the co-occurring aphid Aphis vernoniae through differential microhabitat use on shared host plants, with P. reticulata concentrated on middle leaves while A. vernoniae occupies inflorescences early in the season. The species maintains this position even as A. vernoniae shifts to senescent leaves late in the season, minimizing actual overlap despite apparent spatial convergence.
Smiliini
Smiliini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, containing approximately 6 genera and at least 40 described species. Members are predominantly Nearctic in distribution and primarily feed on trees, with many species associated with oak (Quercus). The tribe was historically defined broadly to include Telamonini, but phylogenetic analysis has reinstated Telamonini as a separate tribe, narrowing the definition of Smiliini. Several genera within Smiliini, including Atymna, Cyrtolobus, Heliria, and Telamona, are not monophyletic.
Spissistilus rotundatus
Spissistilus rotundatus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, native to the southwestern United States. It is one of two North American species in the genus Spissistilus, alongside the economically significant S. festinus (three-cornered alfalfa hopper). Unlike its congener, S. rotundatus has a restricted geographic range and is not known to be a significant agricultural pest. The species exhibits the characteristic wedge-shaped body form typical of treehoppers in this genus.
Stictocephala
buffalo treehoppers
Stictocephala is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, characterized by a prominent pronotum that extends over the body. The genus contains approximately 18 described species, most distributed in North America. Several species, notably S. bisonia, have become invasive pests in Europe and Asia, with documented spread to Russia, China, and India. These invasions have occurred primarily within the last 20-30 years, facilitated by climate change and global trade.
Stictocephala brevicornis
Buffalo Treehopper
A North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by its distinctive buffalo-like humped pronotum. First described by Fitch in 1856, this species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species epithet 'brevicornis' refers to its relatively short antennae.
Stictocephala diminuta
Stictocephala diminuta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus Stictocephala belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal expansions. This species appears to have a limited documented distribution in the southeastern United States, with records from Florida and North Carolina. As with many membracids, detailed natural history information for this species remains sparse in the available literature.
Stictocephala nervosa
Stictocephala nervosa is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Buckton in 1903. It belongs to the genus Stictocephala, a group known for their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The species has been recorded in New York State. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants and detailed biology remain poorly documented.
Stictocephala stimulea
Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
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viral-evolutionantigenic-driftantigenic-shiftzoonotic-spilloverreservoir-hostintermediate-hostamplifying-hostdead-end-hostvector-borne-diseasemosquito-borne-diseasetick-borne-diseaseflea-borne-diseaselice-borne-diseasemidge-borne-diseasesandfly-borne-diseasetsetse-borne-diseaseblackfly-borne-diseasetriatomine-borne-diseasekissing-bugChagas-diseasetrypanosomiasisleishmaniasismalariadengueyellow-feverZika-viruschikungunyaWest-Nile-virusJapanese-encephalitistick-borne-encephalitisLyme-diseaseRocky-Mountain-spotted-feverehlichiosisanaplasmosisbabesiosistularemiaplaguemurine-typhusepidemic-typhusendemic-typhusscrub-typhusQ-fevertrench-feverbartonellosiscat-scratch-diseaserat-bite-feverleptospirosisbrucellosisanthraxmelioidosisglanderstularaemiafrancisellosiscoxiellosisrickettsiosisorientia-infectionehrlichiosisneoehrlichiosisneorickettsiosisanaplasmataceaerickettsiaceaecoxiellaceaebartonellaceaebrucellaceaefrancisellaceaepasteurellaceaelegionellaceaechlamydiaceaemycoplasmataceaeureaplasmataceaespiroplasmataceaeachaenoplasmataceaeentomoplasmataceaehaloplasmataceaetenericutesmollicutesbacteroidetesfusobacteriaspirochaetessynergistetesdeferribacteresthermotogaeaquificaecaldisericacaldithrixdeferrisomadesulfurobacteriumthermovibriothermocrinishydrogenobactersulfurihydrogenibiumpersephonellahydrogenobaculumhydrothermusthermothrixsulfuricurvumsulfurimonassulfurovumthiovulumthiomicrospirapseudomonasvibrioaeromonasphotobacteriumaliivibriogracilibacillushalobacillushalomonaschromohalobactercobetiasalinicolakushneriahalotaleahalovibriosalinivibriothioalkalivibriothiohalophilusectothiorhodospirahalorhodospirathiorhodospirahalochromatiumthioflavicoccusmarichromatiumthiocapsalamprocystisthiodictyonthiopediaamoebobacterthiocystischromatiumallo-chromatiumthermochromatiumrhabdochromatiumthiobacathiohalocapsahalocapsathiolamprovumthioplocathiomargaritabeggiatoamethylococcusmethylomonasmethylomicrobiummethylosinusmethylocystismethylocellamethylocapsamethylacidiphilumverrucomicrobiaplanctomyceteschlamydiaelentisphaeraekiritimatiellaeotacalditrichaeotafervidibacteriaStictolobus borealis
Stictolobus borealis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, described by Caldwell in 1949. The species is known from limited distributional records in Nebraska. As a member of the tribe Ceresini, it belongs to a group of treehoppers characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Detailed biological information for this species remains sparse in published literature.
Stictolobus minutus
Stictolobus minutus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Funkhouser in 1915. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. The genus Stictolobus is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of the New World, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.
Telamona ampelopsidis tigrina
Telamona ampelopsidis tigrina is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Described by Ball in 1931, it is part of a genus known for pronounced pronotal modifications that produce varied and often elaborate body shapes. The subspecies epithet "tigrina" suggests a striped or tiger-like coloration pattern, though specific diagnostic features for this infraspecific taxon require direct examination of type material.
Telamona calva
Telamona calva is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1933. The genus Telamona belongs to the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum. Very few specific details about this particular species are documented in accessible literature.
Telamona decorata
Telamona decorata is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Like other members of this family, it possesses a characteristically enlarged and modified pronotum that extends over the body. The species was described by Ball in 1903 and occurs in North America.
Telamona dorana
Telamona dorana is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. As a member of the genus Telamona, it shares the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of this group. The species is part of the diverse Nearctic fauna of Smiliinae, a subfamily known for varied pronotal ornamentation. Information specific to this species remains limited in published literature.
Telamona reclivata
Telamona reclivata is a Nearctic treehopper species in the tribe Telamonini, characterized by pronotal modifications typical of the genus. First described by Fitch in 1851, this species belongs to a group known for their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronota that extend over the thorax. Like other members of Membracidae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. The species has been documented across western and central North America.
Telamona vestita vestita
Telamona vestita vestita is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, native to western North America. As a member of the tribe Telamonini, it possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of the genus Telamona. The subspecies was described by Ball in 1925 and is known from California and Oregon. Like other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plant associations for this subspecies have not been documented in the available literature.
Telamona westcotti
Telamona westcotti is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Like other members of the genus Telamona, it possesses a pronounced pronotal extension. The species was described by Goding in 1893 and occurs in the central United States and southern Canada.
Telamonanthe rileyi
Telamonanthe rileyi is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Telamonini. The species was described by Goding in 1892. It is part of a genus characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of treehoppers. Based on collection records, it occurs in Texas and potentially other parts of the southern and central United States. As with other members of Membracidae, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants for this species have not been documented in the available sources.
Telamonini
Telamonini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, comprising approximately 9 genera and at least 50 described species. The tribe was reinstated from synonymy with Smiliini based on morphological phylogenetic analysis. Members are predominantly Nearctic in distribution, with strong evolutionary associations with oak (Quercus) as host plants. Nymphs represent the predominant feeding stage and are critical for accurate host plant determination, as adult movements often produce unreliable records.
Telonaca
Telonaca is a small genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) comprising two described species: Telonaca alta and Telonaca ramona. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications. The genus was established by Ball in 1918. Members of this genus exhibit the enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum typical of their family, which serves various ecological functions including camouflage and predator deterrence.
Tortistilus albidosparsus
Tortistilus albidosparsus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Stål in 1859. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group known for diverse pronotal modifications. The genus Tortistilus is part of the Nearctic treehopper fauna, with records from western North America. Species in this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal structures typical of the Ceresini.
Tortistilus collinus
Tortistilus collinus is a treehopper species described by Van Duzee in 1908, belonging to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The genus Tortistilus is part of the diverse family Membracidae, known for their highly modified pronota that often resemble plant parts or other structures. This species is recorded from California, USA, where it occurs among other members of its genus.
Tortistilus trilineatus
A treehopper species in the tribe Ceresini, characterized by three longitudinal stripes on the pronotum. Described by Funkhouser in 1918, this species occurs in the southeastern United States. Like other members of the family Membracidae, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the thorax. The specific epithet "trilineatus" refers to the three-lined pattern visible on its dorsal surface.
Tortistilus wickhami
A North American treehopper in the family Membracidae, recently documented for the first time in Mexico's Baja California peninsula. Previously known from the western and southwestern United States, this species was collected from grapevines in Valle de Guadalupe vineyards during 2023. Its presence in commercial vineyards raises concerns about potential economic impact, as it is suspected to be a candidate vector for grapevine red blotch virus.
treehopperMembracidaevineyard-pestgrapevine-red-blotch-virusagricultural-pestMexico-first-recordBaja-CaliforniaValle-de-GuadalupeVitis-viniferaDNA-barcoding-identification2023-detectioneconomic-entomologyplant-virus-vectorSmiliinaeCeresiniHemipteraCicadomorphaNorth-Americawestern-United-Statesinvasive-potentialviticulturewine-grape-pestTrichaetipyga
Trichaetipyga is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Ceresini. The genus was established by Caldwell in 1949. It is placed within the diverse Membracidae family, which is characterized by enlarged pronota that often form elaborate projections. As a genus-level taxon, it serves as a grouping for species sharing derived morphological features, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Trichaetipyga juniperina
A small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1937. The genus Trichaetipyga is characterized by distinctive pronotal projections. As a member of the tribe Ceresini, it belongs to a group of treehoppers often associated with woody host plants. The specific epithet "juniperina" suggests a historical association with juniper, though this requires verification.
Tropidarnis tectigera
Tropidarnis tectigera is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. It is the sole species in its genus. The species was described by Fowler in 1895. It is known from limited observations in the southwestern United States and parts of Central America.
Vanduzea albifrons
Vanduzea albifrons is a species of treehopper described by Fowler in 1895. It belongs to the family Membracidae, a group of insects known for their highly modified pronotum that often extends into elaborate projections. The species has been documented in North and Central America, with distribution records from California, Baja California, and Bocas del Toro. Like other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plant associations have not been documented in the available sources.
Vestistilus ancora
Vestistilus ancora is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1937. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The genus Vestistilus contains species characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Observations of this species remain limited, with most records originating from Arizona.
Vestistilus patruelis
Vestistilus patruelis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Carl Stål in 1864. The species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by often elaborate pronotal modifications. Treehoppers in this family are known for their diverse and frequently ornate pronotal structures that extend over the body. As a member of the Membracidae, V. patruelis is presumed to be a phloem-feeding insect utilizing plant vascular tissues.
Xantholobus coconinus
Xantholobus coconinus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. It belongs to the tribe Smiliini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by diverse pronotal modifications. The genus Xantholobus occurs in North America, with this species recorded from Arizona. Like other membracids, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the thorax and often exhibits plant-mimicking or other specialized morphological forms.
Xantholobus intermedius
Xantholobus intermedius is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. The species was described by Emmons in 1855 and is currently accepted as valid. Like other members of the genus Xantholobus, this species possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that extends posteriorly over the abdomen, a defining feature of treehoppers. The genus Xantholobus is classified within the tribe Smiliini, which comprises numerous genera of primarily Nearctic treehoppers.
Xantholobus muticus
Xantholobus muticus is a North American treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Adults measure 7–8 mm in length and exhibit variable coloration from black to pale yellowish-brown. The species is strictly associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.), feeding exclusively on their sap. It ranges across eastern and central North America from Manitoba to Quebec and south to Texas and Florida.