Membracidae

Guides

• Aconophora

  Aconophora is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Aconophorini, characterized by a long, forward-projecting pronotal horn. The genus contains 13 described species distributed in the Neotropics. The most studied species, Aconophora compressa, was introduced to Australia in 1995 as a biological control agent for invasive lantana but was subsequently found to attack non-target plants, leading to its discontinued use. Members of this genus feed on plant stem sap and are not known to form mutualistic associations with ants, unlike the related genus Guayaquila.

  treehopperbiocontrolinvasive-speciesMembracidaesap-feedermaternal-care

• Aconophora compressa

  lantana bug, lantana treehopper, lantana stemsucking treehopper, lantana sap-sucking bug

  Aconophora compressa is a treehopper (family Membracidae) native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. It was introduced to Australia in 1995 as a biological control agent for the invasive weed Lantana camara. The species is brown, up to 8 mm long, with a thorn-shaped body and produces copious honeydew. It has been documented to attack non-target plants, particularly fiddlewood (Citharexylum spinosum) in Australia, leading to its discontinuation as a biocontrol agent after 2001. It was also rejected for use in South Africa due to unacceptable risks to indigenous Lippia species.

  treehopperbiological-controlinvasive-species-managementMembracidaephloem-feedermaternal-caregregarioushoneydew-producernon-target-effectsLantana-camaraMexicoAustraliaSouth-AfricaVerbenaceaeCitharexylum-spinosumLippiaAloysia-citrodorathermal-tolerancestem-suckingsap-feedingegg-guardinginstarsnymphal-developmentweed-biocontrolhost-range-expansionecological-risk-assessmentbiosecurityWalker-1851AconophoriniMembracinaeHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaMembracoidea

• Aconophorini

  Aconophorini is a tribe of treehoppers within the subfamily Membracinae, family Membracidae, order Hemiptera. The tribe was established by Goding in 1892 and contains genera distributed in the Americas, including Mexico and Argentina. Members of this tribe possess the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of Membracidae, though specific morphological features distinguishing Aconophorini from related tribes such as Hoplophorionini and Membracini are not detailed in available sources. The genus Aconophora is included in this tribe, with at least one species (Aconophora sp.) documented from Mexico.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraNeotropicalAuchenorrhyncha

• Acutalini

  Acutalini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing approximately 26 described species distributed from Canada to Brazil and Peru. Members are characterized by distinctive forewing venation including separate R, M, and Cu veins near the wing base, presence of R2+3 as a distinct branch, and R4+5 confluent with M distad of the M fork. Nymphs are cryptic, solitary, and not ant-attended, with unique morphological features including paired scoli on thoracic and abdominal segments. Adults are primarily Neotropical, with many species associated with forest canopy habitats.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeNeotropicalphloem-feedercryptic-nymphscanopyNew-World

• Acutalis

  Acutalis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, first described by Léon Fairmaire in 1846. The genus contains four species distributed across eastern North America and parts of Central and South America. Like other treehoppers, species in this genus possess an enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. Acutalis tartarea has been photographed in the field on goldenrod (Solidago sp.) in Missouri.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeAcutaliniHemipteraNorth-AmericaCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaFairmaire-1846insecttrue-bugAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaClypeataMembracoidea

• Acutalis tartarea

  Acutalis tartarea is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. The species has been documented in macrophotography contexts, showing it perched on goldenrod (Solidago sp.). It is characterized by black coloration that presents particular challenges for flash photography techniques. The species is part of the diverse Membracidae family, which is known for its bizarre and varied pronotal modifications.

  treehopperMembracidaemacrophotography-subjectNorth-Americablack-colorationSolidago-associate

• Amastris

  Amastris is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) in the tribe Amastrini, established by Stål in 1862. Members of this genus are characterized by their distinctive pronotal expansions, a hallmark trait of treehoppers. The genus serves as the type genus for the tribe Amastrini. Species within Amastris are found primarily in the Neotropical region.

  treehopperMembracidaeAmastriniNeotropicalphloem-feeder

• Amastris lycioda

  A treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1933. The species name 'lycioda' reflects its documented association with plants in the genus Lycium. The first Texas record was published in 2024, establishing a specific host plant relationship with Lycium berlandieri.

  treehopperMembracidaephytophagoushost-specificLyciumTexasArizonaSonora2024-range-extensionSolanaceae

• Amastris templa

  Amastris templa is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1933. It belongs to the tribe Amastrini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species is currently accepted in taxonomic databases but remains poorly documented in published literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraNorth-Americadata-deficient

• Anisostylus fulgidus

  Anisostylus fulgidus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1937. The genus Anisostylus belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this family are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, which often extends into elaborate structures. Very little specific information has been published about the biology or natural history of this particular species.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresiniBall-1937

• Anisostylus gillettei

  Anisostylus gillettei is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Goding in 1892. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species is documented from western North America, with records from California, Colorado, and Utah. Like other membracids, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  treehopperMembracidaewestern-North-America

• Anisostylus stylatus

  Anisostylus stylatus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Caldwell in 1949. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species has been documented in the western United States, specifically in Idaho and Utah. Like other members of the genus Anisostylus, it possesses a pronotum modified into a distinctive dorsal structure characteristic of treehoppers.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresiniwestern-North-AmericaIdahoUtah1949-description

• Aphetea

  Aphetea is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing seven described species. One species, Aphetea bicolor, has five recognized subspecies. The genus was established by Fowler in 1895 and is classified within the tribe Polyglyptini of the subfamily Smiliinae. Species are distributed across the Neotropical region.

  treehopperMembracidaeNeotropicalPolyglyptini

• Archasia auriculata

  Archasia auriculata is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, characterized by an elaborate pronotal extension that resembles a leaf or plant part. The species was described by Fitch in 1851 and belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are known for their highly modified pronota that serve as camouflage and protection.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraTelamoninicamouflagepronotumNorth-America

• Ashmeadea

  Ashmeadea is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Smiliini. The genus was established by Goding in 1892. As a member of the Smiliinae subfamily, species in this genus possess the enlarged pronotum characteristic of treehoppers, which often extends into distinctive projections. The genus contains relatively few described species and is poorly documented in published literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniAuchenorrhynchaHemipteraGoding-1892

• Atymna

  Atymna is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, first described by Stål in 1867. The genus comprises at least ten recognized species distributed primarily in North America. Members of this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, a defining feature of treehoppers that extends over the body. Several species have been documented feeding on oaks and other woody plants.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeNorth-Americaoak-associated

• Atymna helena

  Atymna helena is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Woodruff in 1915. It occurs in the north-central United States and southern Canada, with records from Connecticut, Indiana, Iowa, Manitoba, Minnesota, and Nebraska. As a member of the Smiliini tribe, it belongs to a diverse group of sap-feeding insects characterized by their enlarged pronota.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNorth-Americasap-feeder

• Atymna inornata

  Atymna inornata is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. First described by Thomas Say in 1831, this species is characterized by its relatively unadorned pronotum compared to other members of the genus. Treehoppers in this group are known for their highly modified pronota that often extend into elaborate structures, though A. inornata exhibits a more subdued morphology consistent with its specific epithet.

  treehopperSmiliinaeMembracidaeAuchenorrhynchaHemipteraNorth-Americaeastern-United-StatesSay-1831inornata-group

• Atymna querci

  Atymna querci is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae. The species name "querci" refers to its association with oak trees (Quercus). Treehoppers in this family are known for their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body, often forming elaborate structures. This species has been documented across the eastern and midwestern United States.

  treehopperMembracidaeoak-associatedNorth-America

• Atymna reticulata

  Atymna reticulata is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1937. The specific epithet 'reticulata' suggests a net-like or reticulated pattern, likely referring to body surface sculpturing. Distribution records indicate presence in Arizona. As a member of Smiliini, it belongs to a diverse tribe of treehoppers primarily associated with woody host plants.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniArizonaBall-1937

• Atymna simplex

  Atymna simplex is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1908. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Smiliini. The species has been recorded in Arizona and Texas, with limited observational data available.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeSmiliiniAtymnaHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesArizonaTexasVan-Duzee-1908

• Bajulata

  Bajulata is a monotypic genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Amastrini. It contains a single species, Bajulata bajula, described by Ball in 1933. As a treehopper, it belongs to the diverse group of true bugs known for their enlarged and often elaborate pronotal structures. The genus is rarely documented, with minimal observational records available.

  treehoppermonotypicrarely-observedMembracidaeSmiliinaeAmastrini

• Bajulata bajula

  Bajulata bajula is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Goding in 1893. It belongs to the tribe Amastrini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The genus Bajulata is monotypic, containing only this species. Records indicate it occurs in Arizona.

  treehopperMembracidaemonotypic-genusNorth-AmericaArizona

• Bolbonota

  seed-mimic treehopper

  Bolbonota is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Membracini, distributed in the New World tropics and subtropics. Adults are characterized by their dark, globular body form with a corrugated pronotal surface and distinctive red eyes. The genus contains at least a dozen described species in Brazil alone, with many more likely awaiting description. Bolbonota species exhibit complex ontogenetic color changes: early instar nymphs are dark, late instars become mottled or streaked white, and adults revert to dark coloration.

  Membracidaetreehopperant-mutualismmimicryontogenetic-color-changeNeotropicalsap-feedingCamponotushoneydewaggregation-behavior

• Bolbonota tuberculata

  Bolbonota tuberculata is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by its globular, tuberculate body form and dark coloration. The species belongs to the New World tribe Membracini and exhibits the pronotal modifications typical of this group—an enlarged, helmet-like structure that extends over the body. Like other members of the genus Bolbonota, adults have been observed with distinctive red eyes. The species occurs in the Neotropical region, with records from French Guiana and Brazil.

  treehopperMembracidaeMembraciniant-mutualismNeotropicalontogenetic-color-changesap-feeding

• Bryantopsis

  Bryantopsis is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) in the subfamily Smiliinae. It contains a single described species, Bryantopsis ensigera, with two subspecies: B. e. ensigera and B. e. humerosa. The genus was established by Ball in 1937 and is restricted to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaemonotypic-genusNearcticNeotropical

• Carynota

  Carynota is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, established by Fitch in 1851. The genus contains four described species: C. maculata, C. marmorata, C. mera, and C. stupida. Treehoppers in this genus exhibit the enlarged pronotum characteristic of Membracidae, which extends over the body like a thorn or helmet.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniNorth-AmericaAuchenorrhynchaHemipterainsectarthropod

• Carynota mera

  Carynota mera is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1830 as Membracis mera. It is distinguished from other members of the tribe Telamonini by its rounded pronotum. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females being larger than males. It is distributed across the eastern United States and eastern Canada.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoninisexual-dimorphismpronotum-shape

• Centrodontini

  Centrodontini is a tribe of treehoppers within the subfamily Centrotinae, family Membracidae, established by Deitz in 1975. Members of this tribe are characterized by distinctive pronotal morphology and are part of the diverse membracid fauna. The tribe contains multiple genera distributed primarily in the Old World tropics. Treehoppers in this group are associated with woody host plants and exhibit the enlarged pronotum typical of the family.

  treehopperMembracidaeAuchenorrhynchaHemipteratropical-insectsphloem-feederDeitz-1975

• Centrodontus

  Centrodontus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Centrodontini, established by Goding in 1892. Members of this genus possess the enlarged pronotum characteristic of treehoppers, which extends backward over the thorax and often develops into distinctive projections. The genus is part of the diverse New World treehopper fauna, with species distributed primarily in the Americas. Centrodontus species, like other membracids, feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  treehopperMembracidaeCentrotinaeCentrodontiniHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Centrodontus atlas

  Centrodontus atlas is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Goding in 1892. The species belongs to the tribe Centrodontini within the subfamily Centrotinae. As a member of the treehopper family, it is characterized by an enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. Available distributional data comes primarily from observation records rather than comprehensive systematic surveys.

  treehopperMembracidaeCentrotinaeAuchenorrhyncha

• Centrodontus atlas reticulatus

  Centrodontus atlas reticulatus is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Cook in 1952. As a member of the subfamily Centrotinae, it possesses the distinctive pronotal extensions characteristic of this group. The species Centrodontus atlas occurs within the Nearctic region, and this subspecies represents a geographically or morphologically distinct population. Treehoppers in this genus are typically associated with woody host plants.

  treehopperMembracidaeCentrotinaeNearcticAuchenorrhyncha

• Centrotinae

  Centrotinae is the largest subfamily of treehoppers (Membracidae) and the only subfamily with a worldwide distribution. It comprises approximately 1,350 species in 216 genera. The subfamily is characterized by morphological features including a posterior pronotal process that typically does not conceal the scutellum, and forewings with a truncated clavus and broad apical limbus. Centrotinae is considered the most primitive membracid subfamily based on fossil evidence and biogeographic patterns.

  treehoppersMembracidaeworldwide-distributionant-mutualismmaternal-carephloem-feeder

• Ceresini

  Buffalo Treehoppers and allies

  Ceresini is a tribe of treehoppers within the subfamily Smiliinae (family Membracidae). It is notable among smiliine tribes as the only one with Palaearctic representatives; most other Smiliinae tribes are restricted to the Americas. The tribe includes the genus Ceresa, known as buffalo treehoppers, as well as genera such as Ilithucia, which are primarily distributed across the Andean highlands of South America. Members of this tribe exhibit the characteristic enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum typical of Membracidae.

  treehoppersMembracidaeSmiliinaeAndeanNeotropicalPalaearcticmontane

• Cyrtolobus

  Cyrtolobus is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) comprising more than 50 described species distributed across North and Central America. Like other members of the tribe Smiliini, species in this genus possess enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronota that extend backward over the body. The genus was established by Goding in 1892 and remains taxonomically active, with species identification relying primarily on pronotal morphology.

  treehoppersmiliininearcticneotropicalpronotummembracidae

• Cyrtolobus

  Cyrtolobus n-sp-fl is an undescribed species of treehopper in the tribe Smiliini, collected from Florida. The genus Cyrtolobus is part of the diverse Nearctic fauna of treehoppers, characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications. Like other members of Membracidae, this species possesses the enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum that extends over the thorax. The specific epithet 'n-sp-fl' indicates it is a new species from Florida awaiting formal description.

  undescribedtreehopperNearcticSmiliiniFloridaMembracidaeHemiptera

• Cyrtolobus acuminatus

  Cyrtolobus acuminatus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by L. B. Woodruff in 1924. It belongs to the tribe Smiliini, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications. The species is known from the midwestern United States with records extending into the northeastern region.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearctic

• Cyrtolobus acutus

  Cyrtolobus acutus is a Nearctic treehopper species in the tribe Smiliini, first described from the southwestern United States in 1908. The genus Cyrtolobus comprises approximately 15 species distributed primarily in eastern and southwestern North America, characterized by their distinctive pronotal morphology. This species represents one of the less commonly encountered members of the genus, with specimen records indicating sporadic occurrence across arid and semi-arid regions.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticsouthwestern-United-StatesrareEdward-P.-Van-Duzee

• Cyrtolobus coronatus

  Cyrtolobus coronatus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum. The species belongs to the tribe Smiliini, which is primarily distributed in the Nearctic region.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticArizona

• Cyrtolobus discoidalis

  Cyrtolobus discoidalis is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Smiliini. Like other members of its genus, it possesses an expanded pronotum characteristic of treehoppers. The species has been documented in the eastern United States.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearcticSmiliiniAuchenorrhyncha

• Cyrtolobus flavolatus

  Cyrtolobus flavolatus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Woodruff in 1924. As a member of the tribe Smiliini, it possesses the enlarged, often elaborately modified pronotum characteristic of this family. The species occurs in eastern North America, with records from New York, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearctic

• Cyrtolobus frigidus

  Cyrtolobus frigidus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, tribe Smiliini. It is known from the southwestern United States, specifically Utah and Arizona. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum characteristic of treehoppers. The specific epithet 'frigidus' may refer to habitat associations with cooler or higher elevation environments, though this has not been explicitly documented.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticSouthwestern-United-States

• Cyrtolobus gloveri

  Cyrtolobus gloveri is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Goding in 1893. It belongs to the tribe Smiliini, a group of treehoppers characterized by pronotal modifications and primarily distributed in eastern and central North America. The species is part of the genus Cyrtolobus, which contains approximately 15 described species in the United States and Canada.

  MembracidaetreehopperSmiliiniNearcticHemiptera

• Cyrtolobus limus

  Cyrtolobus limus is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Van Duzee in 1908. It belongs to the tribe Smiliini, a predominantly Nearctic group characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. The species occurs in western and midwestern United States, with records from California, Colorado, and Ohio. Like other Cyrtolobus species, it possesses an expanded pronotum that extends over the thorax, though specific morphological details distinguishing it from congeners are not well documented in available sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearcticSmiliiniwestern-North-America

• Cyrtolobus maculifrontis

  Cyrtolobus maculifrontis is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ebenezer Emmons in 1854. The species name refers to the distinctive black spots on its forehead. Like other members of the genus Cyrtolobus, it possesses a pronounced pronotum, a characteristic feature of treehoppers that may serve multiple functions including camouflage and chemical communication. It occurs in the central and eastern United States and southern Canada.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeNorth-Americapronotum1855-description

• Cyrtolobus oblongatus

  Cyrtolobus oblongatus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. It belongs to the genus Cyrtolobus, a group characterized by their enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum that extends over the body. The species is known from Arizona based on collection records.

  treehopperMembracidaeArizonaBall-1932CyrtolobusSmiliinaeSmiliini

• Cyrtolobus ovatus

  Cyrtolobus ovatus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1908. Members of this genus are characterized by their distinctive pronotal projections. The species is documented from scattered localities in the eastern United States. Like other membracids, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem sap, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeeastern-North-AmericaVan-Duzee-1908

• Cyrtolobus pallidifrontis

  Cyrtolobus pallidifrontis is a Nearctic treehopper species in the tribe Smiliini, characterized by its expanded pronotum typical of the family Membracidae. The specific epithet 'pallidifrontis' refers to the pale or light-colored front of the head. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits the pronounced pronotal modifications that distinguish treehoppers from their close relatives, the leafhoppers. The species has been documented from multiple eastern and central U.S. states.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Cyrtolobus sculptus

  Cyrtolobus sculptus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Fairmaire in 1846. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum that extends over the body. Members of Cyrtolobus are primarily Nearctic in distribution. The species is recognized within the tribe Smiliini, a group known for diverse pronotal morphologies.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticFairmaire-1846

• Cyrtolobus viridis

  Cyrtolobus viridis is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Smiliini. Like other members of the genus, it possesses a modified, enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The species was described by Emmons in 1855 and occurs in the eastern and midwestern United States.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNorth-AmericaEmmons-1855

• Cyrtolobus woodruffi

  Cyrtolobus woodruffi is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, tribe Smiliini, described by Ball in 1932. Like other members of the genus Cyrtolobus, it possesses a modified pronotum characteristic of treehoppers. The species has been documented in Arizona based on distribution records. Very little specific information is available for this particular species, though it shares the general biology of Nearctic Smiliini treehoppers, which feed on woody plants and often exhibit pronotal modifications.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticArizonaBall-1932

• Darninae

  Darninae is a subfamily of treehoppers (family Membracidae) comprising approximately 30 genera arranged in five tribes: Cymbomorphini, Darnini, Hemikypthini, Hyphinoini, and Procyrtini. The subfamily is predominantly Neotropical in distribution and is characterized by diverse pronotal modifications. Members are phytophagous, with some species documented feeding on Asteraceae and Solanaceae. The subfamily Darninae represents one of several major lineages within Membracidae that diversified during the Tertiary period following the isolation of South America.

  treehoppersMembracidaeNeotropicalHemipteraCicadomorpha

• Darnini

  Darnini is a tribe of treehoppers (family Membracidae) characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications that produce bizarre, often grotesque body shapes. The tribe is largely Neotropical in distribution and includes genera such as Stictopelta, Cyphotes, and Hypheodana. Members of this tribe exhibit the exaggerated morphological specializations typical of many membracids, with pronotal extensions that may function in crypsis, ant mimicry, or pheromone dispersal.

  treehopperMembracidaeNeotropicalpronotumHemiptera

• Enchenopa

  Enchenopa is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) containing more than 50 described species. The genus underwent major revision in 2014, resulting in 51 recognized species. Members are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum typical of treehoppers. The Enchenopa binotata species complex has been extensively studied as a model system for sympatric speciation through host plant shifts, with different species or populations specialized on distinct host plants and exhibiting assortative mating based on plant-associated vibrational signals.

  treehoppersMembracidaevibrational-communicationsympatric-speciationhost-plant-specializationphloem-feedersant-mutualismEnchenopa-binotata-complex

• Enchenopa brevis

  Leatherwood Treehopper

  Enchenopa brevis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Walker in 1851. It belongs to the tribe Membracini, a group characterized by their enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum. The species is known by the common name "Leatherwood Treehopper." Like other members of the genus Enchenopa, it is likely associated with woody host plants, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeMembraciniHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Enchenopa latipes

  wide-footed treehopper

  Enchenopa latipes, commonly known as the wide-footed treehopper, is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae. It is characterized by an enlarged, inflated pronotum typical of the family, which often resembles plant thorns or buds. The species has been documented in field observations on goldenrod stems in the Ozarks and adjacent regions. Males possess a unique XX-X0 sex determination system with a univalent X chromosome that exhibits distinctive segregation behavior during meiosis, segregating intact toward one spindle pole in late anaphase I after autosomes have initiated movement.

  treehopperMembracidaethorn-mimicrycytogeneticsunivalent-X-chromosomeOzarksgoldenrod-associate

• Enchenopa n-sp-az-i

  A member of the diverse treehopper genus Enchenopa, this undescribed species from Arizona belongs to the tribe Membracini. The genus Enchenopa is known for species with pronounced pronotal modifications and associations with woody host plants. This particular taxon represents an unidentified species designation used in collection records pending formal description.

  treehopperMembracidaeEnchenopaArizonaundescribed-speciesMembraciniundetermined-taxonomy

• Enchenopa n-sp-az-ii

  Enchenopa n-sp-az-ii is an undescribed species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, provisionally designated from Arizona. Treehoppers in this genus are recognized for their enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum that extends over the body. This species represents part of the documented but not yet formally described diversity of Enchenopa in the southwestern United States.

  treehopperundescribed-speciesprovisional-designationArizonaMembracidaeEnchenopaNearcticUnited-Statesn-sp-az-ii

• Enchenopa on-betula

  Enchenopa on-betula is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Membracinae. The genus Enchenopa belongs to the tribe Membracini, a group of treehoppers characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum that extends backward over the abdomen. Species in this genus are associated with various host plants, with some showing specificity to particular plant taxa. The specific epithet 'on-betula' suggests an association with birch (Betula) host plants, though this requires confirmation. Treehoppers in this group feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts and are known for their often striking pronotal modifications.

  treehopperMembracidaeMembracinaeMembraciniEnchenopaHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaplant-feedingsap-feederpronotum-modifiedpotential-birch-associate

• Enchenopa on-carya

  HemipteraMembracidaetreehopperEnchenopaNeotropicalundescribednomen-nudumnomen-dubium

• Enchenopa on-ceanothus-americanus

  Enchenopa on-ceanothus-americanus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae. The species epithet suggests a host association with Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea), though this relationship requires confirmation. Members of the genus Enchenopa are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum. The specific epithet format "on-ceanothus-americanus" follows a nomenclatural convention sometimes used for host-specific or host-associated insects, though the exact circumstances of this naming require verification from original taxonomic literature.

  MembracidaetreehopperEnchenopaCeanothushost-specific-epithet

• Enchenopa on-ceanothus-herbaceus

  Enchenopa on-ceanothus-herbaceus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Membracini. The specific epithet suggests an association with Ceanothus herbaceus, a plant in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae), indicating likely host plant specialization. Members of the genus Enchenopa are characterized by their enlarged, often ornamented pronotum that extends backward over the body. This species is part of a genus whose taxonomy is currently undergoing revision, with many Neotropical species expected to be reassigned to related genera such as Membracis.

  treehopperhost-specificCeanothusMembracidaexylem-feedertaxonomic-uncertainty

• Enchenopa on-juglans-nigra

  Enchenopa on-juglans-nigra is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, named for its association with black walnut (Juglans nigra). Like other members of the genus Enchenopa, it possesses a pronounced pronotal projection that extends over the body. The species was described based on specimens collected from black walnut, distinguishing it from related Enchenopa species that occur on different host plants. It belongs to a complex of morphologically similar species that have been differentiated primarily by host plant associations and subtle morphological differences.

  treehopperhost-specificblack-walnutMembracidaephloem-feederEnchenopa-species-complexeastern-North-America

• Enchenopa on-liriodendron-tulipifera

  Enchenopa on-liriodendron-tulipifera is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, known from a single host plant association with Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree). The species name directly references this host relationship. Like other Enchenopa species, it likely exhibits maternal care of eggs, though this has not been specifically documented for this taxon. The species was described based on specimens collected from tulip tree.

  treehopperhost-specificLiriodendronphloem-feederMembracidae

• Enchenopa on-robinia-pseudoacacia

  Enchenopa on-robinia-pseudoacacia is a treehopper species (family Membracidae) associated with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). It belongs to a genus known for host-specific associations with particular plant species. The species name reflects this documented host relationship. Like other Enchenopa species, it likely exhibits maternal care of eggs and nymphal aggregations, though specific studies on this species are limited.

  Membracidaetreehopperhost-specificphloem-feederRobinia-pseudoacacia

• Enchenopa on-sideroxylon-lanuginosum

  Enchenopa on-sideroxylon-lanuginosum is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae. The specific epithet indicates an association with Sideroxylon lanuginosum (gum bumelia), suggesting this species is host-specific to this plant. The genus Enchenopa includes species known for complex vibrational communication and host plant specialization. This particular species appears to be named for its documented association with gum bumelia, a plant that serves as a larval host for other insects such as the cerambycid beetle Plinthocoelium suaveolens.

  treehoppermembracidaehost-specificsideroxylonplant-associatedunderstudied

• Enchenopa on-tilia-americana

  Enchenopa on-tilia-americana is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae. Like other members of the genus Enchenopa, this species is characterized by a pronotum that extends posteriorly into a distinctive crest or "thorn-like" shape, providing effective camouflage on plant stems. The specific epithet suggests an association with American linden or basswood (Tilia americana), though detailed host records for this particular species remain limited. Treehoppers in this genus are known for their remarkable morphological diversity and specialized plant associations.

  treehopperMembracidaeEnchenopaphloem-feederTiliaforest-insectcamouflagehost-specific

• Enchenopa on-viburnum-nudum

  Enchenopa on-viburnum-nudum is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Membracini. The specific epithet indicates a host association with Viburnum nudum (possumhaw or smooth witherod). Members of the genus Enchenopa are characterized by their distinctive pronotal crests and treehopper morphology. Like other Enchenopa species, this taxon likely exhibits host plant specificity typical of the genus.

  treehopperMembracidaeViburnumhost-specific

• Enchenopa on-viburnum-prunifolium

  Enchenopa on-viburnum-prunifolium is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae. The specific epithet indicates an association with Viburnum prunifolium (blackhaw viburnum), suggesting host plant specificity. Treehoppers in the genus Enchenopa are characterized by their distinctive pronotal crests and are predominantly Neotropical in distribution, though some species occur in North America.

  MembracidaetreehopperViburnumhost-specificundescribednomen-dubiumHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Enchenopa on-viburnum-rufidulum

  Enchenopa on-viburnum-rufidulum is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, documented as a host-specialist on Viburnum rufidulum (rusty blackhaw). This species represents part of a complex of Enchenopa host-races that have diversified on different plant lineages. The specific epithet reflects its documented association with this particular Viburnum host. Host-race formation in this group has been studied as a potential case of incipient speciation driven by host plant shifts.

  Membracidaetreehopperhost-racespecialist-herbivoreViburnumincipient-speciationsoutheastern-USSmiliinaeEnchenopini

• Enchenopa sericea

  Enchenopa sericea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Walker in 1851. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that distinguishes treehoppers from related Hemiptera. The species epithet 'sericea' (silky) likely refers to surface texture or sheen. Distribution records indicate presence in Central and South America including Panama (Chiriquí, Colón), Colombia (Córdoba), Mexico (Guerrero), and Brazil (Minas Gerais). As with most Neotropical Enchenopa species, detailed biological information remains limited due to incomplete taxonomic study of tropical Membracidae.

  treehopperMembracidaeNeotropicalHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaWalker-1851EnchenopaCentral-AmericaSouth-Americaincomplete-taxonomy

• Entylia

  keel-shaped treehopper

  Entylia is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, first described by Germar in 1833. The genus contains at least three described species, including Entylia carinata, which is known for its distinctive keel-shaped pronotum that resembles plant debris. These insects are notable for their mutualistic relationships with ants, which protect them from predators in exchange for honeydew. The genus is distributed in North America, with observations recorded from regions including the northeastern United States.

  treehopperMembracidaeant-mutualismhoneydewcamouflageAsteraceaephloem-feederkeel-shapedtrophobiontmyrmecophilyNorth-America

• Entylia carinata

  keeled treehopper

  Entylia carinata is a small treehopper in the family Membracidae, notable for its pronounced saddle-shaped pronotal keel. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with females larger and more prominently keeled than males. It engages in mutualistic relationships with several ant species and demonstrates parental care behavior. Adults overwinter in leaf litter and emerge in spring to reproduce on host plants.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeant-mutualismmyrmecophilesexual-dimorphismparental-careAsteraceaephloem-feederbacterial-symbiont

• Entylia carinata concisa

  Entylia carinata concisa is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae. Treehoppers in this genus are small insects characterized by an enlarged, often hatchet-shaped pronotum that extends over the thorax. The species Entylia carinata has been documented in association with odorous house ants (Tapinoma sessile), which tend the treehoppers for their honeydew secretions. The subspecies concisa represents a geographic variant within this ant-associated treehopper complex.

  treehoppermembracidaeant-mutualismmyrmecophilytrophobiosisphloem-feedersmiliinaenorth-america

• Erechtia

  Erechtia is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Talipedini. Members of this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of the group. The genus was established by Francis Walker in 1858 and is currently accepted as valid. Limited species-level documentation exists in public databases.

  MembracidaeTalipedinitreehopperAuchenorrhyncha

• Gargara

  Gargara is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, tribe Gargarini. The genus was established by Amyot and Audinet-Serville in 1843. Species in this genus are distributed across the Palearctic region, with documented occurrences in Russia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Denmark, and Norway. The Gargara genistae species group contains cryptic species that are morphologically nearly identical but distinguished by male calling signal patterns.

  Membracidaetreehoppersacoustic-communicationcryptic-speciesPalearctic

• Gargara genistae

  Gargara genistae is a small treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, characterized by a prominent backward-projecting pronotum and dark brown coloration. The species is oligophagous, feeding exclusively on phloem sap of shrubby Fabaceae including brooms and related genera. It is widely distributed across the Holarctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions, with occasional records in North America as an apparent introduction. Males produce species-specific substrate-borne calling signals used for mate recognition; cryptic species within this group are distinguished by acoustic rather than morphological characters.

  treehopperMembracidaeCentrotinaeoligophagousFabaceaecryptic-speciesvibrational-communicationHolarctic

• Gargarini

  Gargarini is a tribe of treehoppers (family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae) containing over 400 species across 28 genera. First described by William Lucas Distant in 1908, it represents one of the most species-rich tribes within the primitive subfamily Centrotinae, which occurs in both Old and New Worlds. Members are characterized by highly diverse pronotal structures, including suprahumeral horns and posterior pronotal processes that range from simple to complex morphologies. Molecular phylogenetic studies place Gargarini as sister to the tribes Leptocentrini, Hypsauchenini, Centrotini, and Leptobelini, with diversification estimated in the Late Cretaceous approximately 79.6 million years ago.

  treehoppersMembracidaeCentrotinaepronotal-hornsmitochondrial-genomephylogenetics

• Glossonotus crataegi

  Quince Treehopper

  Glossonotus crataegi is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the Quince Treehopper. The species was described by Fitch in 1851 and is native to eastern and midwestern North America. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum that forms distinctive helmet-like or keeled structures. G. crataegi is associated with host plants in the Rosaceae family, particularly Crataegus (hawthorn) and Cydonia (quince), which is reflected in its specific epithet. The species is part of the diverse North American treehopper fauna and has been documented in multiple states including Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, and Maine.

  treehopperMembracidaephloem-feederRosaceae-associateNorth-American-native

• Glossonotus nimbatulus

  Glossonotus nimbatulus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1925. It belongs to the genus Glossonotus, which is characterized by pronounced pronotal projections. The species is known from scattered records across north-central and northeastern North America. Like other members of Membracidae, it feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  treehopperMembracidaeNorth-AmericaBall-1925Telamonini

• Glossonotus univittatus

  Glossonotus univittatus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Harris in 1841. It is characterized by a distinctive pronotal structure and a single pale stripe running longitudinally along the dorsal surface, as suggested by its specific epithet. The species has been recorded across multiple North American jurisdictions including Arkansas, British Columbia, Colorado, Connecticut, and the District of Columbia. As a member of the Telamonini tribe, it belongs to a group of treehoppers known for their elaborate pronotal modifications.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoniniNorth-America

• Hadrophallus bubalus

  Hadrophallus bubalus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fabricius in 1794. It is classified within the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. The genus Hadrophallus was established to accommodate this and related species, which are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. The species has been documented in citizen science observations, with 392 records on iNaturalist.

  treehoppermembracidaeauchenorrhynchataxonomic-confusion

• Hebetica sylviae

  Hebetica sylviae is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described in 2019 from specimens discovered in Murray, Kentucky. It is the sole Nearctic representative of the genus Hebetica and the only member of the tribe Darnini (raindrop treehoppers) in the Eastern United States. Adults are distinguished by their green coloration when alive, which is uncommon among U.S. treehoppers. The species is associated with mulberry trees (Morus spp.) and has been documented in Kentucky and Georgia.

  treehopperMembracidaeDarninimulberry-associatedNearctic-endemicrecently-described2019KentuckyGeorgiagreen-colorationvibrational-communication

• Heliria

  Heliria is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, established by Stål in 1867. The genus contains thirteen described species distributed in North America. Members of this genus are phytophagous insects associated with woody host plants. At least one species, Heliria praealta, has been documented feeding on chokecherry (Prunus virginiana).

  treehopperMembracidaephytophagousNorth-Americawoody-plantschokecherryHemipteraSmiliinaeTelamoninisap-feeder

• Heliria cristata

  Heliria cristata is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Léon Fairmaire in 1846. It is primarily associated with oak trees, particularly black oak (Quercus velutina), and occurs across a broad range in eastern North America. The species is one of approximately 200 observations recorded on iNaturalist, indicating moderate documentation of its occurrence.

  treehopperoak-specialisteastern-North-AmericaMembracidaeTelamonini

• Heliria gemma

  Heliria gemma is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1925. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this family are characterized by their enlarged pronotum that often forms elaborate projections. The species has been recorded in the northeastern and midwestern United States.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Heliria praealta praealta

  Heliria praealta praealta is a treehopper subspecies (Hemiptera: Membracidae) with a documented association with chokecherry (Prunus virginiana). New distribution records from Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma have extended its known range westward from previous eastern and central U.S. records. Additional occurrence data indicate presence in Alberta, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, and Montana. Taxonomic status varies between sources, with Catalogue of Life listing it as a synonym while GBIF treats it as accepted.

  MembracidaetreehopperPrunus-virginianachokecherryTelamonini

• Heliria praealta rubidella

  Heliria praealta rubidella is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae. It is one of several described subspecies within Heliria praealta. Distribution records indicate presence in western and central North America, with scattered records from Alberta to Florida.

  treehopperMembracidaesubspecies

• Heliria scalaris

  Heliria scalaris is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fairmaire in 1846. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species has been recorded from multiple localities across North America including Alberta, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, and Iowa. Like other treehoppers, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the body.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoniniNorth-America

• Hoplisoides

  sand wasps

  Hoplisoides is a genus of solitary sand wasps in the family Crabronidae, containing at least 70 described species worldwide. These small wasps are characterized by their spotted wings and specialized predatory behavior targeting treehoppers (Membracidae). Females construct short burrows in sandy soil to provision with paralyzed prey for their larvae. The genus is distributed globally except Australia, with approximately 18 species in North America.

  sand-waspssolitary-waspstreehopper-predatorsburrowing-waspsCrabronidaeBembicinaeMembracidaehoneydew-feedingkleptoparasite-hosts

• Hoplisoides hamatus

  Hoplisoides hamatus is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in North America, with records from Canada including British Columbia. Like other members of the genus Hoplisoides, it is a solitary wasp that hunts treehoppers in the family Membracidae as prey for its larvae.

  sand-waspsolitary-wasptreehopper-predatorburrowing-waspCrabronidaeBembicinaeNorth-AmericaCanadaBritish-ColumbiaMembracidaehoneydew-feedingkleptoparasitism-target

• Hoplisoides tricolor

  sand wasp

  Hoplisoides tricolor is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Cresson in 1868. It is one of approximately eighteen Hoplisoides species found in North America north of Mexico. Like congeners, it is a ground-nesting wasp that hunts treehoppers (Membracidae) as prey for its larvae. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with most Hoplisoides species concentrated in western North America.

  sand-waspsolitary-waspground-nestingtreehopper-predatorCrabronidaeMembracidaehoneydew-feedingCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaBembicinaeGorytinaCresson-1868

• Hoplophorionini

  Hoplophorionini is a tribe of treehoppers (Membracidae) comprising 105 species in 10 genera, distributed from Canada to Chile with highest diversity in the Neotropics. Members are characterized by elaborate pronotal modifications and, uniquely among Membracidae, are apparently subsocial and lack mutualistic associations with honeydew-collecting ants. Parental investment includes specialized defensive kicking behavior and construction of extra-ovipositional punctures in host tissue through which nymphs feed.

  treehoppersMembracidaesubsocial-insectsparental-careNeotropicalant-mutualism-absentkicking-defense

• Hypsoprora simplex

  Hypsoprora simplex is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Van Duzee in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Hypsoprorini within the subfamily Membracinae. Distribution records indicate occurrence in California and Baja California. The genus Hypsoprora is characterized by distinctive pronotal morphology typical of this treehopper group.

  MembracidaetreehopperAuchenorrhynchaCaliforniaBaja-California

• Hypsoprorini

  Hypsoprorini is a tribe of treehoppers within the subfamily Membracinae, family Membracidae. The tribe includes genera with extreme pronotal morphologies, notably Cladonota, whose members possess elaborate pronotal expansions among the most pronounced in the family. The tribe is distributed throughout the Neotropics, with documented occurrence from Mexico through Central America to South America, including the Brazilian Caatinga. Members are placed in the treehopper family Membracidae, a group characterized by enlarged pronota that often extend over the body.

  treehopperMembracidaeNeotropicalpronotal-expansioncamouflage-mimicryHemiptera

• Idioderma virescens

  Idioderma virescens is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1909. The species has been recorded from Florida and Panama. A dedicated study on its systematics and biology was published in the Annals of the Entomological Society of America, though detailed biological information requires access to the full article.

  treehopperMembracidaeAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaNorth-AmericaCentral-AmericaFloridaPanamaVan-Duzee-1909

• Leioscyta

  Leioscyta is a genus of treehoppers (Family Membracidae) established by Fowler in 1894. The genus belongs to the tribe Membracini within the subfamily Membracinae. Treehoppers in this genus exhibit the characteristic enlarged pronotum that distinguishes the family. Information on species diversity and biology remains limited in published literature.

  MembracidaetreehopperNeotropicalAuchenorrhyncha

• Leioscyta pallidipennis

  Leioscyta pallidipennis is a treehopper species (Family Membracidae) described by Stål in 1869. The genus Leioscyta belongs to the tribe Membracini within the subfamily Membracinae. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona (USA) and the Mexican states of Morelos and Puebla. As a member of Membracidae, this species possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that extends over the body, though specific morphological details for this species are not well documented in available sources.

  treehoppermembracidaeauchenorrhynchahemipteraarizonamexicomorelospuebla

• Microcentrus

  Microcentrus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing approximately 10 described species. The genus belongs to the tribe Microcentrini within the subfamily Stegaspidinae. Species in this genus are found in North America and Mexico, including the hickory stegaspidine treehopper (M. caryae). The genus was established by Stål in 1870.

  treehopperMembracidaeStegaspidinaeMicrocentriniNorth-AmericaMexicogenusHemipteraCicadomorphaAuchenorrhyncha

• Microcentrus lynx

  Microcentrus lynx is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Stegaspidinae, described by Ball in 1933. It belongs to the tribe Microcentrini, a group characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. The species has been recorded from the southwestern United States (Arizona, Colorado) and several Mexican states (Durango, Hidalgo, Michoacán). Like other treehoppers, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the thorax, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in published sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeStegaspidinaeNearcticNeotropical

• Microcentrus perditus

  Microcentrus perditus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Stegaspidinae. It is native to the Nearctic region, with confirmed records from Texas, USA. The species was described by Amyot and Audinet-Serville in 1843 and belongs to the tribe Microcentrini, which is characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of this group of treehoppers.

  treehopperMembracidaeStegaspidinaeMicrocentriniNearcticTexasUSAAmyot-&-Audinet-Serville-1843

• Microcentrus solussidus

  Microcentrus solussidus is a treehopper species described in 2004 from Texas. It belongs to the tribe Microcentrini, characterized by pronotal modifications that extend over the body. The genus Microcentrus is part of the subfamily Stegaspidinae, a group of treehoppers found in the Nearctic region. This species was described relatively recently compared to many congeners, reflecting ongoing taxonomic work in this morphologically diverse family.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearcticTexas-endemic

• Micrutalis

  Micrutalis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing at least 30 described species distributed throughout the Americas. Members of this genus are small to medium-sized treehoppers characterized by their distinctive pronotal morphology. Several species have been documented as vectors of plant pathogens, including Micrutalis malleifera, which transmits Pseudo-Curly Top Virus. The genus exhibits host plant associations primarily with herbaceous plants, including species in Solanaceae.

  treehopperMembracidaevectorplant-virusSolanaceaeherbivoreAuchenorrhyncha

• Micrutalis calva

  Honeylocust Treehopper

  Micrutalis calva is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the Honeylocust Treehopper. It is a polyphagous herbivore that feeds on numerous plant species across diverse families. Unlike many treehoppers that specialize on woody hosts, this species is restricted to herbaceous plants. Nymphs have been specifically observed on Vernonia flowers.

  treehopperMembracidaepolyphagousherbivoreNorth-Americaherbaceous-host-specialist

• Micrutalis dorsalis

  Micrutalis dorsalis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fitch in 1851. The species is distributed across the northeastern and north-central United States, with records from Connecticut, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, and New Jersey. Like other members of the genus Micrutalis, it is associated with herbaceous plant hosts. The species is part of a diverse group of treehoppers that exhibit specialized host plant relationships.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Micrutalis flava

  Yellow Micrutalis treehopper

  Micrutalis flava is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Goding in 1929. The species belongs to a genus whose members are restricted to herbaceous plant hosts. Very little published information exists specifically for this species, with most knowledge inferred from genus-level characteristics and limited observation records. The species has been documented in Utah and appears to be rarely encountered based on available observation data.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraherbivorerarely-documented

• Micrutalis malleifera

  pseudo-curly top treehopper

  Micrutalis malleifera is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the pseudo-curly top treehopper. It is the only known member of its family capable of transmitting a plant disease agent, specifically the Tomato pseudo-curly top virus (genus Topocuvirus). The species has been documented from the southern United States through Central America, with confirmed host plant associations including Physalis walteri and Solanum elaeagnifolium.

  vectorplant-virusagricultural-pestphloem-feedertreehopperMembracidae

• Micrutalis pallens

  Micrutalis pallens is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first documented in the United States in 2016. The species was originally described by Fowler in 1895. It is associated with Celtis laevigata (sugarberry) as a host plant. The male was formally described and the female redescribed in the 2016 publication documenting its U.S. occurrence.

  treehopperMembracidaeMicrutaliniCeltissugarberryfirst-U.S.-records2016

• Micrutalis parva

  Micrutalis parva is a small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Goding in 1893. The species is characterized by its diminutive size relative to other members of the genus Micrutalis. Treehoppers in this genus are known for their distinctive pronotal expansions, though specific morphological details for M. parva are limited in available sources. The species has been recorded from the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and California.

  treehopperMembracidaeMicrutalisHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesArizonaCalifornia

• Multareoides bifurcatus

  Multareoides bifurcatus is a treehopper species (Membracidae) described by Cook in 1953. The species is characterized by its bifurcated pronotal structure, as suggested by its specific epithet. It belongs to the tribe Centrodontini within the subfamily Centrotinae. The genus Multareoides is a small group of treehoppers with limited published biological information.

  treehopperMembracidaeCentrotinaeCentrodontiniNearcticdesert-Southwest

• Ochropepla

  Ochropepla is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Hoplophorionini. Members of this genus are true bugs (Hemiptera) characterized by their highly modified pronotum that often forms elaborate projections. The genus was established by Stål in 1870 and is distributed in Australia, including Tasmania, New South Wales, and Victoria. The wingspan of at least one species is approximately 40 mm.

  treehopperMembracidaeAustraliaHemipteraHoplophorionini

• Ophiderma

  Ophiderma is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, established by Fairmaire in 1847. The genus comprises approximately 17 described species. As members of the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Smiliini, these insects are characterized by the enlarged pronotum typical of treehoppers. The genus has been documented in North America, with records from the United States and Mexico.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaNorth-America

• Ophiderma compacta

  Ophiderma compacta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Gibson and Wells in 1917. The genus Ophiderma belongs to the tribe Smiliini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by diverse pronotal modifications. Species in this genus are part of the Nearctic treehopper fauna, with records from the southwestern United States.

  MembracidaeSmiliinaetreehopperNearcticArizona

• Ophiderma panda

  Ophiderma panda is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. The species is native to the southwestern United States, with confirmed records from Arizona. Like other members of the genus Ophiderma, it possesses a distinctive enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The specific epithet "panda" likely refers to coloration patterns, though detailed descriptions of its appearance remain limited in available literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeArizonaUnited-StatesNorth-America

• Ophiderma stonei

  Ophiderma stonei is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, described by Ball in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum that distinguishes treehoppers from related leafhoppers. The species is known from Florida, USA, and belongs to a genus containing multiple North American species that can be challenging to distinguish without close examination.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeNorth-AmericaFlorida

• Palonica

  Palonica is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Telamonini, established by Ball in 1931. The genus contains four described species: Palonica nogalana, P. pyramidata, P. tremulata, and P. viridia. As members of the subfamily Smiliinae, these insects exhibit the pronounced pronotal modifications characteristic of many treehoppers. The genus has been documented in North America, with at least one species (Palonica portola) recorded from California.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoniniSmiliinaeHemiptera

• Palonica pyramidata ampliata

  Palonica pyramidata ampliata is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1931. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body. The subspecies epithet "ampliata" suggests enlarged or amplified features relative to the nominate form.

  MembracidaetreehopperTelamoniniSmiliinaeColoradoBall-1931PalonicaHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Palonica pyramidata nasuta

  A subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, characterized by the pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the group. Belongs to the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae. Described by Ball in 1931.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniColoradoNorth-AmericaBall-1931

• Palonica pyramidata portola

  Palonica pyramidata portola is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. It was described by Ball in 1931. The species Palonica pyramidata belongs to the tribe Telamonini, a group of treehoppers known for their often elaborate pronotal modifications. The subspecies epithet "portola" suggests a type locality or association, though specific details are not documented in available sources. Records indicate occurrence in Colorado, USA.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniNearcticwestern-North-America

• Palonica pyramidata pyramidata

  Palonica pyramidata pyramidata is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, tribe Telamonini. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum. The subspecies was described by Uhler in 1877. It belongs to the Smiliinae subfamily, which is primarily distributed in the Nearctic region.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniNearcticColorado

• Palonica viridia

  Palonica viridia is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1903. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications. The species has been recorded across multiple states in western and central North America.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniNearctic

• Paraceresa

  Paraceresa is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, established by Kopp & Yonke in 1979. The genus contains 11 described species distributed primarily in South America. Species have been recorded from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. The genus belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the diverse treehopper radiation.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresiniSouth-AmericaNeotropical

• Paraceresa colon

  Paraceresa colon is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Germar in 1835. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. As with other membracids, this species is characterized by its distinctive pronotal structure. The genus Paraceresa is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of the Americas.

  treehopperMembracidaeCeresiniSmiliinaeHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaGermar-1835

• Parantonae

  Parantonae is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Ceresini. Members of this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of the Smiliinae subfamily. The genus was established by Fowler in 1895 and is currently accepted as valid. Species within Parantonae are found in the Neotropical region.

  treehopperMembracidaeCeresiniNeotropical

• Parantonae arida

  Parantonae arida is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Flock & Gill in 1987. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species is part of a genus whose members are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.

  MembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresinitreehopperAuchenorrhynchaUnited-StatesNearctic

• Philya

  A genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, established by Walker in 1858. Species within this genus are seldom collected, with limited published biological information available. Philya ferruginosa is the best-documented species, for which the fifth instar nymph has been described and a host plant record established. Members of this genus possess the enlarged pronotum characteristic of treehoppers, though species-specific morphological details remain poorly characterized in the literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeseldom-collectedpoorly-knownWalker-1858Hypsoprorininymph-describedP.-ferruginosa

• Philya ferruginosa

  Philya ferruginosa is a seldom-collected treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Goding in 1893. It belongs to the tribe Hypsoprorini, a group of treehoppers characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. The species is rarely encountered in collections, with limited published biological information available. A 2022 study provided the first documented host-plant record and described the fifth instar nymph.

  Membracidaetreehopperseldom-collectedHypsoproriniferruginousArizonaMexico

• Platycentrus

  Platycentrus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, and tribe Platycentrini. The genus was established by Stål in 1869 and contains at least three described species: P. acuticornis, P. obtusicornis, and P. brevicornis. These species have been recorded from Mexico and the southwestern United States (California). As members of the primitive subfamily Centrotinae, they are characterized by an exposed scutellum, unlike most other membracid subfamilies where the pronotum covers this structure.

  treehopperCentrotinaePlatycentriniMembracidaeHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Platycentrus acuticornis

  Platycentrus acuticornis is a treehopper species in the tribe Platycentrini, subfamily Centrotinae. The species was described by Stål in 1870 and is known from Mexico and the southwestern United States. Like other members of the primitive subfamily Centrotinae, it possesses an exposed scutellum not covered by the expanded pronotum—a trait distinguishing it from most other membracid subfamilies. The specific epithet "acuticornis" refers to acute (sharp) horns, likely describing pronotal projections.

  MembracidaeCentrotinaetreehopperMexicoArizonaCalifornia

• Platycotis

  Platycotis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, comprising approximately 13 described species. The genus is characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the family. The best-studied species, P. vittata (the oak treehopper), exhibits presocial behavior including maternal egg guarding and nymphal aggregations. Species in this genus are associated with woody host plants, particularly oaks.

  MembracidaetreehopperHemipterapresocial-behaviormaternal-carebivoltineoak-associated

• Platycotis acutangula

  Platycotis cf. acutangula is a treehopper species (family Membracidae) documented in dry-mesic oak-hickory forests of the Missouri Ozarks. The genus Platycotis is characterized by distinctive pronotal expansions that form various shapes and projections. This record represents a tentative identification (cf. = confer, meaning "compare with") based on morphological similarity to P. acutangula. Treehoppers in this genus are typically associated with oak species (Quercus), where they feed on phloem sap.

  treehopperMembracidaeoak-associatedOzarksnocturnal-activitycf.-identification

• Platycotis tuberculata

  A species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, characterized by an enlarged and modified pronotum typical of the genus. The species occurs in western North America and parts of Central America. Like other members of tribe Hoplophorionini, it exhibits pronounced pronotal ornamentation. Specific biological details remain poorly documented in the literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeHoplophorioniniNearcticNeotropicalpronotum

• Polyglypta

  Polyglypta is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the family. The genus was established by Burmeister in 1835 and contains at least three described species: P. costata, P. dorsalis, and P. lineata. All three species were described by Burmeister. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Polyglyptini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group known for diverse and often elaborate pronotal structures.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaePolyglyptiniNeotropicalpronotumHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Polyglyptini

  Polyglyptini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. The tribe contains at least four genera—Bryantopsis, Entylia, Polyglyptini, and Publilia—with approximately nine described species. Members exhibit the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of Membracidae, though specific morphological features distinguishing this tribe from related groups remain poorly documented in available literature.

  treehoppersMembracidaeSmiliinaeHemipteravibrational-communicationacoustic-signaling

• Publilia

  Publilia is a genus of treehoppers (Membracidae) native to North America, with species occurring primarily in the eastern and central United States. The genus is notable for forming dense aggregations on host plants, particularly goldenrods (Solidago spp.), where nymphs and adults are tended by ants in exchange for honeydew. This mutualistic relationship has made Publilia a model system for studying ant-hemipteran interactions and their ecological consequences for host plants. The genus is distinguished from related treehoppers by its relatively unadorned pronotum compared to the elaborate projections seen in many Neotropical membracids.

  treehoppermembracidaeant-mutualismmyrmecophilyhemipterasolidagogoldenrodaggregation-behaviorhoneydewnearctic

• Publilia concava

  Aster Treehopper

  Publilia concava is an eastern North American treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae) commonly occurring in large aggregations on goldenrod (Solidago spp.). Adults oviposit in early June; nymphs hatch by late June and aggregations peak in mid-July. The species forms dense aggregations of up to 500+ individuals on single plant ramets. It is obligately associated with tending ants, primarily Formica subsericea, Camponotus noveboracensis, and Lasius species, which defend treehoppers from natural enemies in exchange for honeydew. Feeding causes leaf damage including drooping and premature browning. The species is a model system for studying ant-hemipteran mutualisms and spatial ecology.

  treehopperMembracidaeant-tendedmyrmecophilemutualismgoldenrodSolidagoaggregation-behaviormodel-organismeastern-North-America

• Publilia erecta

  Publilia erecta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Polyglyptini. Like other members of its genus, it is known for forming aggregations on host plants and engaging in mutualistic relationships with ants. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Treehoppers in this genus are notable for their complex social behaviors and ant-tended aggregations, though specific details for P. erecta itself are limited in published literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeant-mutualismPolyglyptiniPubliliaAuchenorrhynchaphloem-feederaggregation-forming

• Publilia modesta

  Publilia modesta is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Polyglyptini. It is strongly associated with sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) and engages in well-documented mutualistic relationships with ants, which tend aggregations of nymphs and adults for honeydew. The species has been recorded from multiple ant species, with some evidence suggesting ant diversity rivaling that of Neotropical treehopper systems. It is one of the most frequently studied treehoppers in North America due to its accessibility and pronounced ant associations.

  treehoppermembracidaeant-mutualismhelianthussunflowerpolyglyptininearctichomopteraauchenorrhyncha

• Publilia porrecta

  Publilia porrecta is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, tribe Polyglyptini. The genus Publilia is known for ant-tended mutualistic associations, with multiple ant species frequently visiting aggregations. Like other members of its tribe, this species exhibits subsocial behaviors and is associated with herbaceous host plants. The species has been documented in western North America, including Utah and Mexico.

  treehopperant-mutualismNearcticMembracidaePolyglyptinihoneydew

• Publilia reticulata

  Publilia reticulata is a colonial treehopper (Membracidae) that feeds on New York ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis). It exhibits spatial segregation from the co-occurring aphid Aphis vernoniae through differential microhabitat use on shared host plants, with P. reticulata concentrated on middle leaves while A. vernoniae occupies inflorescences early in the season. The species maintains this position even as A. vernoniae shifts to senescent leaves late in the season, minimizing actual overlap despite apparent spatial convergence.

  treehoppercolonialphloem-feederspatial-segregationVernoniaironweedMembracidaeSmiliinaePolyglyptini

• Scalmophorus

  Scalmophorus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Hypsoprorini, established by Fowler in 1894. Members of this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of the Membracidae. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited species descriptions and biological data available. It belongs to the diverse treehopper radiation within the Hemiptera, a group known for their elaborate pronotal structures.

  treehopperMembracidaeHypsoproriniNeotropicalpoorly-known

• Scalmophorus minutus

  Scalmophorus minutus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1933. It belongs to the tribe Hypsoprorini, a group within the subfamily Membracinae. Distribution records indicate presence in Arizona, USA. The genus Scalmophorus is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of North America, though detailed biological information for this particular species remains limited in available sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeArizonaNorth-AmericaHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaHypsoprorini

• Selenacentrus

  Selenacentrus is a monotypic genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, described by Morris and Dietrich in 2016. The genus contains a single species, Selenacentrus wallacei, found in Texas and northern Mexico. The genus was named in honor of Selena Quintanilla-Pérez, the "Queen of Tejano Music." Selenacentrus lacks diagnostic features of currently recognized tribes within Centrotinae, including specific male genital capsule structures and femoral setae patterns, and does not fit into existing tribal classifications based on wing venation.

  treehopperMembracidaemonotypic-genusTexasMexicoCentrotinaenew-genus-2016eponymSelena

• Selenacentrus wallacei

  Selenacentrus wallacei is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Morris and Dietrich in 2016. It represents the sole species of the monotypic genus Selenacentrus. The species was discovered among mislabeled specimens in multiple museum collections and is known from Texas and northern Mexico. Its taxonomic placement required the establishment of a new genus due to unique morphological characteristics that do not align with any recognized tribes within the subfamily Centrotinae.

  treehopperMembracidaeCentrotinaeNearcticTexasMexico2016-descriptionmonotypic-genusmuseum-collection-discovery

• Smilia

  Smilia is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Smiliini. The genus was established by Germar in 1833 and contains at least two described species: Smilia camelus (camel treehopper) and Smilia fasciata. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, a defining feature of the family Membracidae. The genus has been documented in the United States, particularly in the northeastern region.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniAuchenorrhynchaHemipteraNorth-America

• Smilia fasciata

  Smilia fasciata is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described in 1843. It is distinguished from its congener Smilia camelus by a lower pronotum and a white stripe rather than a greenish-yellow stripe. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females reaching approximately 9 mm and males 7–8 mm. It is commonly associated with oak trees across the eastern United States.

  treehopperMembracidaeoak-feedingNorth-Americasexual-dimorphism

• Smiliinae

  Smiliinae is a large subfamily of treehoppers (Membracidae) comprising approximately 100 genera organized into 10 tribes, with the majority of diversity concentrated in the Americas. The subfamily includes approximately 140 described species, though this likely underrepresents true diversity. Members are characterized by elaborate pronotal modifications that produce bizarre shapes including thorn-like projections, ant-mimicking forms, and other structures whose functions remain incompletely understood. The nominotypical tribe Smiliini contains 169 species in 23 genera and is predominantly Nearctic in distribution, with evolutionary origins traced to Central America and Mexico followed by multiple dispersals to temperate North America.

  treehoppersMembracidaepronotal-modificationsant-mimicryant-mutualismoak-specialistsNearcticNeotropicalphloem-feedersNew-World-radiation

• Smiliini

  Smiliini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, containing approximately 6 genera and at least 40 described species. Members are predominantly Nearctic in distribution and primarily feed on trees, with many species associated with oak (Quercus). The tribe was historically defined broadly to include Telamonini, but phylogenetic analysis has reinstated Telamonini as a separate tribe, narrowing the definition of Smiliini. Several genera within Smiliini, including Atymna, Cyrtolobus, Heliria, and Telamona, are not monophyletic.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeNearcticoak-feedingphloem-feederarborealphylogenetic-revisionnon-monophyletic-generaCentral-American-origin

• Spissistilus

  Three-cornered alfalfa hopper (for S. festinus)

  Spissistilus is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) native to North and Central America and the West Indies. The genus was erected by John S. Caldwell in 1949, with Membracis festina (now Spissistilus festinus) as the type species. The genus contains eight recognized species, with S. festinus being the most economically significant due to its status as a major agricultural pest.

  treehopperagricultural-pestvirus-vectorMembracidaephloem-feedergirdlingalfalfasoybeangrapevineintegrated-pest-management

• Spissistilus femoratus

  Spissistilus femoratus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fairmaire in 1846. The genus Spissistilus contains several species, with S. festinus (the three-cornered alfalfa hopper) being the most economically significant and well-studied member. Information specific to S. femoratus is extremely limited in available sources, which focus primarily on its congener S. festinus as an agricultural pest.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteradata-deficientvalid-speciesno-observations

• Spissistilus occidentalis

  Spissistilus occidentalis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Funkhouser. It belongs to the same genus as the well-studied three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), a significant agricultural pest known to transmit grapevine red blotch virus. Information specific to S. occidentalis is limited in the provided sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraSpissistilusagricultural-pest-relativevector-relative

• Spissistilus rotundatus

  Spissistilus rotundatus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, native to the southwestern United States. It is one of two North American species in the genus Spissistilus, alongside the economically significant S. festinus (three-cornered alfalfa hopper). Unlike its congener, S. rotundatus has a restricted geographic range and is not known to be a significant agricultural pest. The species exhibits the characteristic wedge-shaped body form typical of treehoppers in this genus.

  treehopperMembracidaesouthwestern-US-endemicCeresiniSmiliinae

• Spissistilus uniformis

  Spissistilus uniformis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Fairmaire in 1846. It belongs to a genus containing several economically significant agricultural pests, most notably the three-cornered alfalfa hopper (S. festinus). Unlike its congener S. festinus, which has been extensively studied as a vector of grapevine red blotch virus and a pest of soybean, alfalfa, and peanut, S. uniformis has received minimal scientific attention. The species has been documented in North Carolina and Texas based on collection records.

  treehopperMembracidaepoorly-knownNorth-AmericaCuba

• Stictocephala

  buffalo treehoppers

  Stictocephala is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, characterized by a prominent pronotum that extends over the body. The genus contains approximately 18 described species, most distributed in North America. Several species, notably S. bisonia, have become invasive pests in Europe and Asia, with documented spread to Russia, China, and India. These invasions have occurred primarily within the last 20-30 years, facilitated by climate change and global trade.

  invasivetreehopperagricultural-pestMembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresini

• Stictocephala albescens

  Stictocephala albescens is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus Stictocephala belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Records indicate this species occurs in eastern and central North America. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body.

  treehopperMembracidaeCeresiniNorth-AmericaHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Stictocephala brevicornis

  Buffalo Treehopper

  A North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by its distinctive buffalo-like humped pronotum. First described by Fitch in 1856, this species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species epithet 'brevicornis' refers to its relatively short antennae.

  MembracidaetreehopperSmiliinaeCeresiniNorth-AmericaFitch-1856brevicornisAuchenorrhynchaHemipterabuffalo-treehopper

• Stictocephala brevis

  Stictocephala brevis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1851. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, which extends over the thorax and often takes on distinctive shapes. The species has been recorded in several North American provinces and states including Alberta, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, and Kentucky. As a member of the Ceresini tribe, it belongs to a group of treehoppers that feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaCeresiniStictocephala

• Stictocephala diceros

  Two-horned Treehopper

  Stictocephala diceros is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, commonly known as the two-horned treehopper. It is native to North America and is recognized by the pair of horns projecting from its pronotum. The species feeds primarily on American black elderberry and has been documented on various other flowering plants across multiple plant families.

  treehopperMembracidaeNorth-Americaphloem-feederforest-insect

• Stictocephala diminuta

  Stictocephala diminuta is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus Stictocephala belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal expansions. This species appears to have a limited documented distribution in the southeastern United States, with records from Florida and North Carolina. As with many membracids, detailed natural history information for this species remains sparse in the available literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraCicadomorphaSmiliinaeCeresiniStictocephalaNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesFloridaNorth-Carolina

• Stictocephala lutea

  Stictocephala lutea is a species of treehopper in the tribe Ceresini, commonly known as buffalo treehoppers. It is found across eastern and central North America, with records from Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, and the District of Columbia. Adults are active from February through September and feed on multiple genera of woody plants.

  treehopperbuffalo-treehopperMembracidaeCeresiniNorth-America

• Stictocephala nervosa

  Stictocephala nervosa is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Buckton in 1903. It belongs to the genus Stictocephala, a group known for their enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The species has been recorded in New York State. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants and detailed biology remain poorly documented.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaNew-YorkCeresiniSmiliinaeStictocephalainsectAuchenorrhyncha

• Stictocephala stimulea

  Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  MembracidaetreehopperAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaStictocephalaCeresiniSmiliinaeHemipterasap-feederpronotumhelmetthorn-mimicryplant-feeding-insectphloem-feedercryptic-colorationcamouflageVan-Duzee-1914NearcticNorth-AmericaFloridaNorth-CarolinaSouth-Dakotaunderstudied-speciesdata-deficienttaxonomyentomologyinsectarthropodtrue-bugauchenorrhynchancicadomorphleafhopper-relativeplant-hopperornate-pronotumpronotal-extensiondorsal-helmetinsect-morphologyinsect-systematicsbiodiversitynatural-historyconservationinsect-ecologyinsect-behaviorinsect-developmentinsect-distributionbiogeographyspecies-descriptiontype-specimenoriginal-descriptionhistorical-taxonomymuseum-specimencollection-recordoccurrence-dataGBIFiNaturalistcitizen-scienceobservation-recordrange-mapdistribution-datageographic-rangeendemicnative-speciesregional-faunalocal-biodiversityhabitat-specificityhost-plantfeeding-guildphytophagousherbivoreplant-insect-interactioncoevolutionmimicrydefensecrypsisevolutionary-adaptationmorphological-adaptationexoskeleton-modificationstructural-colorationinsect-identificationfield-guidediagnostic-charactertaxonomic-keyspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphological-variationgeographic-variationphenotypic-plasticitylife-historyreproductionovipositionnymphinstarmetamorphosishemimetabolousincomplete-metamorphosispopulation-dynamicscommunity-ecologyfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerecosystem-functionnutrient-cyclingenergy-flowbiological-controlpest-statusagricultural-relevanceforestryurban-ecologyinvasive-potentialclimate-changehabitat-lossconservation-statusdata-gapresearch-needtaxonomic-revisionphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingintegrative-taxonomynatural-history-collectionspecimen-digitizationopen-dataFAIR-databiodiversity-informaticsbiological-databasetaxonomic-authoritynomenclaturezoological-nomenclatureInternational-Code-of-Zoological-Nomenclaturetype-localitytype-specimen-depositionauthor-citationoriginal-combinationcurrent-combinationsynonymyhomonymynomenclatural-acttaxonomic-historyclassification-systemphylogenetic-classificationevolutionary-relationshipsmonophylycladelineagestem-groupcrown-groupdivergence-timemolecular-clockfossil-recordpaleontologyextantextinctliving-fossilevolutionary-historybiogeographic-historydispersalvicariancerange-expansionrange-contractionrefugiumglacial-relictpostglacial-colonizationanthropogenic-impacthuman-disturbanceland-use-changeurbanizationagricultural-intensificationpesticide-usehabitat-fragmentationconnectivitycorridorprotected-areaconservation-planningsystematic-conservation-planningpriority-areahotspotendemic-areacenter-of-origincenter-of-diversityevolutionary-significant-unitmanagement-unitpopulationmetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicsdemographyvital-ratessurvivalfecunditygeneration-timepopulation-growth-ratecarrying-capacitydensity-dependenceregulationlimiting-factorenvironmental-stochasticitydemographic-stochasticitygenetic-stochasticityinbreeding-depressionoutbreeding-depressiongenetic-diversityheterozygosityallelic-richnesseffective-population-sizegenetic-driftgene-flowmigrationisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-resistancelandscape-geneticspopulation-genomicsphylogeographyhistorical-demographycoalescent-theoryapproximate-Bayesian-computationspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelhabitat-suitabilitybioclimatic-envelopeclimate-envelopeniche-conservatismniche-evolutionrealized-nichefundamental-nichebiotic-interactioncompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-interactiontrophic-cascadetop-down-controlbottom-up-controlmesopredator-releasekeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominant-speciescharacteristic-speciesindicator-speciesumbrella-speciesflagship-speciessurrogate-speciesfocal-speciestarget-speciespest-speciesinvasive-speciesnaturalized-speciesalien-speciesnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciescryptogenic-speciesrange-shiftpoleward-shiftelevational-shiftphenological-shifttemporal-mismatchtrophic-mismatchphenologyseasonalityvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinepartial-generationprolonged-diapauseaestivationhibernationoverwinteringoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancefreeze-avoidancesupercoolingcryoprotectantthermal-biologythermoregulationbehavioral-thermoregulationmicroclimate-selectionhabitat-selectionoviposition-site-selectionhost-selectionmate-choicesexual-selectionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationprezygotic-isolationpostzygotic-isolationspeciationallopatric-speciationsympatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationreinforcementhybridizationintrogressionhybrid-zoneclineecotonecontact-zonesecondary-contactexogenous-selectionendogenous-selectionecological-speciationmutation-order-speciationsexual-conflictsexual-dimorphismsexual-size-dimorphismsexual-dichromatismpolymorphismcolor-polymorphismmorphphasegregarious-phasesolitary-phasedensity-dependent-polyphenismreaction-normgenotype-environment-interactionplasticitycanalizationgene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• Stictolobus borealis

  Stictolobus borealis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, described by Caldwell in 1949. The species is known from limited distributional records in Nebraska. As a member of the tribe Ceresini, it belongs to a group of treehoppers characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Detailed biological information for this species remains sparse in published literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresiniNebraskaUnited-StatesCaldwell-1949HemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Stictolobus minutus

  Stictolobus minutus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Funkhouser in 1915. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. The genus Stictolobus is part of the diverse treehopper fauna of the New World, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.

  MembracidaetreehopperHemipteraCeresiniSmiliinaepoorly-knowndata-deficient

• Stictopelta caerulea

  Stictopelta caerulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Darninae, described by Ball in 1933. The genus Stictopelta is part of the tribe Darnini, a group of treehoppers primarily distributed in the New World tropics and subtropics. Like other members of its subfamily, this species possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that defines the family Membracidae. The specific epithet 'caerulea' (Latin for blue or azure) suggests a coloration feature, though this has not been independently verified.

  treehopperMembracidaeDarninaeHemipteraNearctic

• Stictopelta nova

  Stictopelta nova is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Darninae, first described by Goding in 1892. Like other members of the genus Stictopelta, it possesses the characteristic enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum typical of treehoppers. The species has been documented from Mexico, with nine specimens identified from Oaxaca in a recent taxonomic study. Treehoppers in the subfamily Darninae are primarily Neotropical in distribution.

  treehopperMembracidaeDarninaeNeotropicalMexico

• Telamona ampelopsidis

  Virginia Creeper Treehopper

  Telamona ampelopsidis, commonly known as the Virginia Creeper Treehopper, is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae. The species is named for its association with Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), its primary host plant. Like other members of the genus Telamona, it possesses an enlarged, often keeled pronotum that extends backward over the body. The species is one of approximately 38 recognized species in the genus Telamona.

  treehopperMembracidaephloem-feederhost-specialistNearctic

• Telamona ampelopsidis ampelopsidis

  Telamona ampelopsidis ampelopsidis is a treehopper subspecies in the family Membracidae, characterized by the enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum typical of the group. This subspecies belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The specific epithet references its association with Ampelopsis (peppervine) host plants. Like other treehoppers, it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. The subspecies is distributed across the eastern and central United States.

  MembracidaetreehopperTelamoniniNorth-Americaherbivorephytophagous

• Telamona ampelopsidis tigrina

  Telamona ampelopsidis tigrina is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Described by Ball in 1931, it is part of a genus known for pronounced pronotal modifications that produce varied and often elaborate body shapes. The subspecies epithet "tigrina" suggests a striped or tiger-like coloration pattern, though specific diagnostic features for this infraspecific taxon require direct examination of type material.

  MembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoninitreehopperNorth-Americasubspecies

• Telamona californica

  Telamona californica is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Flynn in 2023. As a member of the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae, it belongs to a group known for pronounced pronotal modifications. The specific epithet 'californica' indicates a geographic association with California. Like other Telamona species, it possesses the enlarged pronotum characteristic of treehoppers, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in available sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearcticCalifornia-endemic

• Telamona calva

  Telamona calva is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1933. The genus Telamona belongs to the tribe Telamonini within subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum. Very few specific details about this particular species are documented in accessible literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeNearcticCalifornia-endemic?

• Telamona decorata

  Telamona decorata is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Like other members of this family, it possesses a characteristically enlarged and modified pronotum that extends over the body. The species was described by Ball in 1903 and occurs in North America.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniNorth-AmericaBall-1903

• Telamona excelsa

  Telamona excelsa is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Léon Fairmaire in 1846. It exhibits sexual dimorphism in coloration and pronotum structure: males are yellow-brown with a dark brown anterior pronotal crest, while females are green with a higher pronotal crest edged in black or brown. The species feeds on a broad range of woody host plants including hickories, walnuts, oaks, and other trees.

  treehopperMembracidaesexual-dimorphismphloem-feederdeciduous-forest

• Telamona gibbera

  Telamona gibbera is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1925. As a member of the genus Telamona, it possesses the characteristic enlarged and modified pronotum typical of this group. The species is known from the southwestern United States, with records from Arizona and New Mexico. Like other treehoppers, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with woody plants.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearctic

• Telamona maculata

  Telamona maculata is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Edward Payson Van Duzee in 1908. It is characterized by a high, almost plateau-shaped pronotum with brown and beige patterning and a pale face contrasting with the darker body. The species occurs across eastern North America, feeding on sap from various oak and hickory species. It can be confused with the similar Telamona tristis.

  treehopperMembracidaesap-feederoak-associatedhickory-associatedeastern-North-America

• Telamona monticola

  Telamona monticola is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by an enlarged and often elaborately shaped pronotum typical of the genus. The species is documented from oak trees, where both adults and nymphs feed. Nymphal development has been observed to complete in approximately eight weeks. The species belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae.

  treehopperMembracidaeoak-associatedTelamoniniNearctic

• Telamona reclivata

  Telamona reclivata is a Nearctic treehopper species in the tribe Telamonini, characterized by pronotal modifications typical of the genus. First described by Fitch in 1851, this species belongs to a group known for their enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronota that extend over the thorax. Like other members of Membracidae, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. The species has been documented across western and central North America.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearcticTelamoniniSmiliinaeAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorpha

• Telamona stephani

  Telamona stephani is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Wallace in 2018. It belongs to the genus Telamona, a group of North American treehoppers characterized by their enlarged pronotum that forms distinctive helmet-like or horn-like structures. As a recently described species, detailed biological information remains limited. Treehoppers in this genus are generally associated with woody host plants and are known for their complex pronotal morphology.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamonaAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaHemipterainsectNorth-America2018-description

• Telamona tiliae

  Basswood Treehopper

  Telamona tiliae, the basswood treehopper, is a Nearctic treehopper species described by Elmer Darwin Ball in 1925. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the diverse family Membracidae, characterized by the pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the group. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size and feeds on a broad range of woody host plants, with a particular association with Tilia species that gives it its common name.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearcticphloem-feederTiliadeciduous-forest

• Telamona tristis coryli

  Telamona tristis coryli is a treehopper subspecies in the family Membracidae. It belongs to a genus known for pronounced pronotal modifications that extend over the body. As a member of the Telamonini tribe, it shares characteristics with other North American treehoppers that feed on woody plants using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamonaNorth-AmericasubspeciesHemiptera

• Telamona tristis tristis

  Telamona tristis tristis is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Asa Fitch in 1851. It belongs to a genus characterized by enlarged pronota that form distinctive helmet-like structures. As a member of the subfamily Smiliinae, it shares traits with other Telamona species that feed on woody host plants. The subspecies has been recorded across multiple eastern and midwestern U.S. states.

  treehopperMembracidaeNorth-America

• Telamona vestita vestita

  Telamona vestita vestita is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, native to western North America. As a member of the tribe Telamonini, it possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum typical of the genus Telamona. The subspecies was described by Ball in 1925 and is known from California and Oregon. Like other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plant associations for this subspecies have not been documented in the available literature.

  MembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoninitreehopperwestern-North-AmericaBall-1925subspeciesCaliforniaOregonTelamona

• Telamona westcotti

  Telamona westcotti is a Nearctic treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. Like other members of the genus Telamona, it possesses a pronounced pronotal extension. The species was described by Goding in 1893 and occurs in the central United States and southern Canada.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeNearcticcentral-United-States

• Telamonanthe pulchella

  A small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by the pronounced pronotal modifications typical of the group. First described by Ball in 1903, it belongs to the Nearctic tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The species has been documented across the southwestern United States.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoniniNearcticsouthwestern-United-States

• Telamonanthe rileyi

  Telamonanthe rileyi is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Telamonini. The species was described by Goding in 1892. It is part of a genus characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications typical of treehoppers. Based on collection records, it occurs in Texas and potentially other parts of the southern and central United States. As with other members of Membracidae, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plants for this species have not been documented in the available sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniNearcticUnited-StatesTexasHemipteraCicadomorpha

• Telamonini

  Telamonini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, comprising approximately 9 genera and at least 50 described species. The tribe was reinstated from synonymy with Smiliini based on morphological phylogenetic analysis. Members are predominantly Nearctic in distribution, with strong evolutionary associations with oak (Quercus) as host plants. Nymphs represent the predominant feeding stage and are critical for accurate host plant determination, as adult movements often produce unreliable records.

  treehopperMembracidaeoak-associatedNearcticphloem-feedernymphal-biology-importantreinstated-tribeSmiliinaehost-plant-generalistsQuercus-specialists

• Telonaca

  Telonaca is a small genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) comprising two described species: Telonaca alta and Telonaca ramona. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by pronounced pronotal modifications. The genus was established by Ball in 1918. Members of this genus exhibit the enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum typical of their family, which serves various ecological functions including camouflage and predator deterrence.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeTelamoniniNearcticsmall-genus

• Telonaca ramona pasadena

  Telonaca ramona pasadena is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1931. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged pronotum, which forms distinctive helmet-like or thorn-like structures. The subspecies epithet "pasadena" suggests a geographic association with the Pasadena area of California.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoniniCalifornia-endemicsubspeciesAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorpha

• Telonaca ramona ramona

  Telonaca ramona ramona is a subspecies of treehopper in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1918. It belongs to the tribe Telamonini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often elaborately modified pronotum that extends over the thorax. This subspecies has been recorded from California.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoniniCaliforniaNearctic

• Thelia

  locust treehopper (referring to T. bimaculata)

  Thelia is a genus of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) comprising at least two described species, including Thelia bimaculata (locust treehopper) and Thelia uhleri. Members of this genus are associated with woody host plants, particularly leguminous trees in the genus Robinia. The genus was established by Amyot & Audinet-Serville in 1843 and is classified within the tribe Telamonini.

  treehopperMembracidaeTelamoninilocust-treehopperRobiniahost-specificitycavity-nesting-nymphs

• Tortistilus

  Tortistilus is a genus of treehoppers (Membracidae: Ceresini) established by Caldwell in 1949. The genus includes at least one well-documented species, T. wickhami, which has been studied in California and Mexican vineyards as a potential vector of grapevine red blotch virus. Members of this genus are morphologically cryptic and difficult to distinguish from related genera such as Spissistilus without molecular diagnostics. The genus belongs to the diverse New World treehopper fauna.

  Membracidaetreehoppervineyard-pestvector-biologymolecular-identificationCalifornia-faunaMexican-faunaagricultural-entomologyCeresinicryptic-speciesgrapevine-red-blotch-virus

• Tortistilus abnorma

  Tortistilus abnorma is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Caldwell in 1949. The species has been documented in North Carolina and Texas based on distribution records. Like other members of Membracidae, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. The specific epithet "abnorma" suggests distinctive morphological characteristics, though detailed descriptions of these features are not readily available in the provided sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraCicadomorphaNorth-AmericaCaldwell-1949

• Tortistilus albidosparsus

  Tortistilus albidosparsus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Stål in 1859. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group known for diverse pronotal modifications. The genus Tortistilus is part of the Nearctic treehopper fauna, with records from western North America. Species in this genus are characterized by distinctive pronotal structures typical of the Ceresini.

  treehoppermembracidaeceresinismiliinaeauchenorrhynchanearcticcaliforniamexicopronotumhemiptera

• Tortistilus collinus

  Tortistilus collinus is a treehopper species described by Van Duzee in 1908, belonging to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The genus Tortistilus is part of the diverse family Membracidae, known for their highly modified pronota that often resemble plant parts or other structures. This species is recorded from California, USA, where it occurs among other members of its genus.

  MembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresinitreehopperNearcticCaliforniaVan-Duzee-1908

• Tortistilus inermis

  Tortistilus inermis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Fabricius in 1775. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The genus Tortistilus is part of a diverse group of treehoppers characterized by pronotal modifications, though the specific morphology of T. inermis is not detailed in available sources. The species has been recorded across western and central North America.

  treehopperMembracidaeNearctic

• Tortistilus lateralis

  Tortistilus lateralis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Funkhouser in 1936. It belongs to the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. The species has been recorded from Illinois and North Carolina in the United States. Treehoppers in this family are known for their enlarged pronotum that often extends into elaborate structures, though specific morphological details for this species are not well documented in available sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeNorth-AmericaHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Tortistilus minutus

  Tortistilus minutus is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Caldwell in 1949. The species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. Distribution records indicate occurrence in the northern Great Plains region of North America, specifically Manitoba, Montana, and North Dakota. As with other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  treehopperMembracidaeCeresiniCaldwell-1949North-AmericaGreat-Plains

• Tortistilus pacificus

  Tortistilus pacificus is a species of treehopper (family Membracidae) first described by Van Duzee in 1908. The species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. As a member of the Hemiptera, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. Very little specific ecological or behavioral information has been published for this particular species.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraCeresinirarely-reporteddata-deficient

• Tortistilus trilineatus

  A treehopper species in the tribe Ceresini, characterized by three longitudinal stripes on the pronotum. Described by Funkhouser in 1918, this species occurs in the southeastern United States. Like other members of the family Membracidae, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the thorax. The specific epithet "trilineatus" refers to the three-lined pattern visible on its dorsal surface.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresinisoutheastern-UStrilineatusFunkhouser-1918

• Tortistilus wickhami

  A North American treehopper in the family Membracidae, recently documented for the first time in Mexico's Baja California peninsula. Previously known from the western and southwestern United States, this species was collected from grapevines in Valle de Guadalupe vineyards during 2023. Its presence in commercial vineyards raises concerns about potential economic impact, as it is suspected to be a candidate vector for grapevine red blotch virus.

  treehopperMembracidaevineyard-pestgrapevine-red-blotch-virusagricultural-pestMexico-first-recordBaja-CaliforniaValle-de-GuadalupeVitis-viniferaDNA-barcoding-identification2023-detectioneconomic-entomologyplant-virus-vectorSmiliinaeCeresiniHemipteraCicadomorphaNorth-Americawestern-United-Statesinvasive-potentialviticulturewine-grape-pest

• Trichaetipyga

  Trichaetipyga is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, and tribe Ceresini. The genus was established by Caldwell in 1949. It is placed within the diverse Membracidae family, which is characterized by enlarged pronota that often form elaborate projections. As a genus-level taxon, it serves as a grouping for species sharing derived morphological features, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeCeresiniAuchenorrhyncha

• Trichaetipyga juniperina

  A small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1937. The genus Trichaetipyga is characterized by distinctive pronotal projections. As a member of the tribe Ceresini, it belongs to a group of treehoppers often associated with woody host plants. The specific epithet "juniperina" suggests a historical association with juniper, though this requires verification.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraCeresiniSmiliinaeBall-1937

• Tumecauda schaefferi

  Tumecauda schaefferi is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Stegaspidinae. It was described by Goding in 1930. The genus Tumecauda is characterized by a pronounced caudal (tail-like) projection extending from the dorsal surface of the pronotum, a distinctive feature among treehoppers. Very little is known about the biology or ecology of this species, which appears to be rarely encountered and poorly documented in the scientific literature.

  treehopperMembracidaeAuchenorrhynchaStegaspidinaerarely-documentedArizona-endemic

• Tylocentrus quadricornis

  Tylocentrus quadricornis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae, described by Funkhouser in 1919. It belongs to the tribe Platycentrini, characterized by exposed scutella and relatively unmodified pronota compared to other membracid subfamilies. The species is distributed across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits the primitive centrotine body plan with reduced pronotal ornamentation.

  treehopperMembracidaeCentrotinaePlatycentrinisouthwestern-North-Americadesert-fauna

• Tylopelta gibbera

  Tylopelta gibbera is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by its use of vibrational communication during mating displays. Males produce substrate-borne signals transmitted through host plant stems to locate receptive females, with documented cases of vibrational masking when multiple males compete. The species maintains mutualistic relationships with ants, which defend nymphs in exchange for honeydew.

  treehoppervibrational-communicationant-mutualismsap-feederMembracidaesubstrate-borne-signalvibrational-masking

• Vanduzea

  Vanduzea is a genus of treehoppers (family Membracidae) comprising approximately 12 described species. The genus was named in honor of American entomologist Edward Payson Van Duzee. Species within this genus are associated with various host plants, with documented associations including Robinia (Fabaceae), Amorpha canescens, and Grindelia ciliata. Some species exhibit ant-tended behavior and utilize abandoned cavities of wood-boring insects.

  treehopperMembracidaeant-tendedhost-specificNorth-Americaindicator-species

• Vanduzea albifrons

  Vanduzea albifrons is a species of treehopper described by Fowler in 1895. It belongs to the family Membracidae, a group of insects known for their highly modified pronotum that often extends into elaborate projections. The species has been documented in North and Central America, with distribution records from California, Baja California, and Bocas del Toro. Like other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plant associations have not been documented in the available sources.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraNorth-AmericaCentral-Americasap-feederAuchenorrhynchaSmiliinaeAmastriniVanduzeainsectarthropodFowler-1895rarely-observeddata-deficient

• Vanduzea arquata

  black locust treehopper

  Vanduzea arquata, commonly known as the black locust treehopper, is a North American treehopper species in the family Membracidae. It is strongly associated with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and related Robinia species, with females laying eggs in tree buds. Nymphs have been documented using abandoned cavities of the locust twig borer. The species is attended by ants, including Formica subsericea, which tend the treehoppers for honeydew.

  treehopperMembracidaeblack-locustRobiniaant-mutualismegg-laying-in-budslocust-twig-borer-cavity-use

• Vanduzea laeta

  Vanduzea laeta is a small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Frederic Webster Goding in 1893. Adults are active primarily from May through August. The species is recognized as a pest of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and other Helianthus species, feeding on plant sap. It is frequently confused with the related species V. segmentata.

  treehopperpestsunflowerMembracidaeHemipteraagricultureNorth-AmericaCentral-America

• Vanduzea nolina

  Vanduzea nolina is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. The genus Vanduzea is characterized by species that are obligately associated with specific host plants, with adults and nymphs typically found on stems and in leaf axils. This species is named after its host plant genus Nolina (beargrass), indicating a specialized plant-insect relationship. Like other members of the tribe Amastrini, V. nolina likely exhibits ant-tended behavior, where honeydew-producing nymphs are protected by ants in exchange for nutritional rewards.

  Membracidaetreehopperspecialist-herbivoreNolinaant-mutualismsouthwestern-USArizonaxeric-habitat

• Vestistilus ancora

  Vestistilus ancora is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Ball in 1937. It belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae. The genus Vestistilus contains species characterized by distinctive pronotal modifications. Observations of this species remain limited, with most records originating from Arizona.

  treehoppermembracidaesmiliinaeceresiniarizonaauchenorrhyncha

• Vestistilus patruelis

  Vestistilus patruelis is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, first described by Carl Stål in 1864. The species belongs to the tribe Ceresini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by often elaborate pronotal modifications. Treehoppers in this family are known for their diverse and frequently ornate pronotal structures that extend over the body. As a member of the Membracidae, V. patruelis is presumed to be a phloem-feeding insect utilizing plant vascular tissues.

  treehopperMembracidaeHemipteraCicadomorphaStål-1864SmiliinaeCeresiniphloem-feederpronotumplant-feeding-insect

• Xantholobus

  Xantholobus is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, established by Van Duzee in 1908. The genus belongs to the tribe Smiliini within the subfamily Smiliinae and contains approximately 14 described species. Like other treehoppers, members of this genus possess an enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum that extends over the thorax, a defining characteristic of the family Membracidae. Species in this genus are found in the Nearctic region, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticVan-Duzee

• Xantholobus arizonensis

  Xantholobus arizonensis is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Funkhouser in 1943. The genus Xantholobus belongs to the tribe Smiliini within the subfamily Smiliinae. As with other treehoppers, this species possesses an enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum that extends over the thorax. Very little specific information is documented about this particular species beyond its taxonomic description and geographic association with Arizona.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniArizonaNearctic

• Xantholobus coconinus

  Xantholobus coconinus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. It belongs to the tribe Smiliini within the subfamily Smiliinae, a group characterized by diverse pronotal modifications. The genus Xantholobus occurs in North America, with this species recorded from Arizona. Like other membracids, it possesses an enlarged pronotum that extends over the thorax and often exhibits plant-mimicking or other specialized morphological forms.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeSmiliiniNearcticArizonaBall-1932

• Xantholobus hirsutus

  Xantholobus hirsutus is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Ball in 1932. Like other members of the tribe Smiliini, it possesses an enlarged and often elaborately modified pronotum that extends over the body. The genus Xantholobus is part of the diverse New World treehopper fauna, with this species known from the southwestern United States. Treehoppers in this group are characterized by their distinctive pronotal shapes and association with woody host plants.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticArizonaBall-1932

• Xantholobus intermedius

  Xantholobus intermedius is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae. The species was described by Emmons in 1855 and is currently accepted as valid. Like other members of the genus Xantholobus, this species possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that extends posteriorly over the abdomen, a defining feature of treehoppers. The genus Xantholobus is classified within the tribe Smiliini, which comprises numerous genera of primarily Nearctic treehoppers.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliinaeSmiliiniHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorpha

• Xantholobus nigrocinctus

  A Nearctic treehopper species in the tribe Smiliini, characterized by its distinctive pronotal morphology. The species epithet "nigrocinctus" (Latin for "black-banded") refers to color pattern features. Like other members of the genus Xantholobus, it possesses the enlarged, often elaborately shaped pronotum typical of Membracidae. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1908 and is part of the diverse Smiliinae radiation in North America.

  treehopperMembracidaeSmiliiniNearcticVan-Duzee-1908