Mitochondrial-genome

Guides

Aegialites californicus
Aegialites californicus is a flightless intertidal beetle in the family Salpingidae. It inhabits the supralittoral zone of rocky shores along the northern Pacific coast, from California to Alaska and across to northern Japan and Kamchatka. The species possesses specialized morphological adaptations for its challenging habitat, including widely separated coxae, long tarsi, and large claws. Its complete mitochondrial genome has been sequenced, representing the first such data for the genus Aegialites.
flightless intertidal mitochondrial-genome supralittoral Pacific-coast Salpingidae rocky-shore narrow-waisted-bark-beetle
Armadillidium vulgare
common pill-bug, common pill woodlouse, roly-poly, potato bug, doodle bug, carpenter
Armadillidium vulgare is a terrestrial isopod native to Mediterranean Europe that has become one of the most widespread woodlouse species globally through human-mediated dispersal. It is the most extensively studied terrestrial isopod and serves as a model organism for research on mitochondrial genome evolution, desiccation resistance, and conglobation behavior. The species exhibits remarkable morphological plasticity, including numerous color morphs maintained through selective breeding in the pet trade.
woodlouse terrestrial-isopod conglobation detritivore model-organism invasive-species pet-trade mitochondrial-genome desiccation-resistance calcium-carbonate marsupium direct-development nocturnal aggregation thermotaxis thigmotaxis calcareous-soils nitrogen-cycling climate-mitigation
Gargarini
Gargarini is a tribe of treehoppers (family Membracidae, subfamily Centrotinae) containing over 400 species across 28 genera. First described by William Lucas Distant in 1908, it represents one of the most species-rich tribes within the primitive subfamily Centrotinae, which occurs in both Old and New Worlds. Members are characterized by highly diverse pronotal structures, including suprahumeral horns and posterior pronotal processes that range from simple to complex morphologies. Molecular phylogenetic studies place Gargarini as sister to the tribes Leptocentrini, Hypsauchenini, Centrotini, and Leptobelini, with diversification estimated in the Late Cretaceous approximately 79.6 million years ago.
treehoppers Membracidae Centrotinae pronotal-horns mitochondrial-genome phylogenetics
Grapsus
lightfoot crabs
Grapsus is a genus of lightfoot crabs in the family Grapsidae, comprising eight recognized species distributed across tropical and subtropical rocky shorelines. Members are characterized by their flattened bodies and long, slender legs adapted for rapid movement across intertidal rocks. The genus has been extensively studied for mitochondrial genome architecture and phylogenetic relationships within the Grapsoidea superfamily.
crustacean decapod intertidal rocky-shore mitochondrial-genome phylogenetics
Heterocheilidae
half-bridge flies
Heterocheilidae is a family of parasitic nematodes (phylum Nematoda) within the order Rhabditida and infraorder Ascaridomorpha. Members are intestinal parasites primarily infecting fish hosts, including elasmobranchs and teleosts. The family includes genera such as Brevimulticaecum, Ortleppascaris, and Dujardinascaris. Notably, the name 'Heterocheilidae' has also been applied to a family of dipteran insects (true flies), but this usage is taxonomically distinct and not accepted in current nematode classification.
parasite nematode fish-parasite intestinal-parasite ascaridomorph elasmobranch-parasite freshwater marine aquaculture mitochondrial-genome molecular-phylogeny
Hishimonus sellatus
Hishimonus sellatus is a leafhopper species in the tribe Opsiini, known primarily as a significant agricultural pest and phytoplasma vector. It transmits multiple plant pathogens including the agents of Jujube Witches Broom disease, Mulberry yellow dwarf disease, and Rhus yellows. The species has been collected from mulberry fields and shows persistent transmissibility of phytoplasmas throughout its lifetime. Its mitochondrial genome has been characterized, representing the shortest mitogenome reported in Deltocephalinae at 14,690 bp.
leafhopper vector phytoplasma pest mulberry jujube agriculture Deltocephalinae Opsiini mitochondrial-genome
Megalothorax
Megalothorax is a genus of minute springtails in the family Neelidae, order Neelipleona. The genus comprises approximately 14 described species. Members are characterized by extremely small body size and globular morphology typical of neelid springtails. The mitochondrial genome of M. incertus has been sequenced, revealing parthenogenetic reproduction and Wolbachia endosymbiont infection.
parthenogenetic Wolbachia mitochondrial-genome minute globular
Megalothorax incertus
Megalothorax incertus is a minute springtail in the family Neelidae, notable as the first species from the order Neelipleona to have its complete mitochondrial genome sequenced. The species reproduces parthenogenetically, with Wolbachia infection implicated in this reproductive mode. It has a broad global distribution spanning Europe, the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, East Africa, and Australia. The mitochondrial genome is 14,994 bp with 37 canonical genes and 64.0% A+T content.
springtail parthenogenesis Wolbachia mitochondrial-genome Neelipleona Collembola Neelidae
Neuroctenus
flat bugs
Neuroctenus is a genus of flat bugs in the family Aradidae, subfamily Mezirinae, containing approximately 7 described species. Species in this genus are characterized by their strongly flattened bodies adapted for living under bark and in decaying wood. They are mycophagous, feeding on fungal mycelium, and have been documented in East and Southeast Asia including Taiwan, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Tibet. Several species have been studied through mitochondrial genome sequencing, revealing close phylogenetic relationships within the genus and placement of Neuroctenus as sister to Mezira within Mezirinae.
Aradidae flat-bugs mycophagy mitochondrial-genome East-Asia medicinal-fungi-pest cryptic-coloration bark-dwelling gregarious-behavior Mezirinae
Protapanteles
Protapanteles is a genus of braconid wasps in the subfamily Microgastrinae, containing more than 20 described species distributed mainly in the Holarctic region. Species are koinobiont endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, with documented hosts including geometrid moths and nymphalid butterflies. Some species, particularly P. immunis, have been investigated for biological control of agricultural pests. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with phylogenetic studies indicating paraphyly and close relationships with Cotesia.
parasitoid biocontrol Microgastrinae koinobiont Lepidoptera tea-pest-management Holarctic mitochondrial-genome paraphyletic hyperparasitism
Taxonus
Taxonus is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, subfamily Allantinae. It is recognized as the largest and most complicated genus within the Allantinae. The genus contains approximately 8 described species, with additional species described from Asia. Taxonus is placed in the tribe Allantini and forms the subtribe Taxonina, which is sister to the subtribe Allantina.
sawfly Tenthredinidae Allantinae Taxonina mitochondrial-genome phylogenetics Hymenoptera
Tetropium parvulum
Northern Spruce Borer
Tetropium parvulum, the northern spruce borer, is a small cerambycid beetle specialized on spruce hosts. It was elevated from synonymy with T. cinnamopterum based on distinct morphological differences in larvae and adults, and exhibits strict host specificity to Picea compared to the conifer generalist T. cinnamopterum. The species has a one-year life cycle and is an economically important borer of white and Engelmann spruce logs in western Canada.
Cerambycidae spruce-borer wood-boring-beetle forest-pest western-Canada conifer-specialist Tetropium Picea economic-pest one-year-life-cycle Tetropium-parvulum Northern-Spruce-Borer Tetropium-cinnamopterum-complex morphological-diagnosis strict-host-specificity Tetropium-alaskanum-synonym Rhimphoctona-alaskensis-parasitoid spruce-log-pest Alberta-forestry boreal-forest-insect phloem-feeder cambium-borer L-shaped-galleries early-summer-emergence woodpecker-predation disease-mortality excess-heat-mortality Tetropium-velutinum-comparison lectotype-designation Tetropium-parallelum Tetropium-schwarzianum coniferous-forest-decomposer primary-borer Tetropium-taxonomy Casey-1891 Canadian-Entomologist economic-entomology forest-health timber-pest spruce-regeneration Picea-glauca-pest Picea-engelmannii-pest western-Canadian-distribution North-American-Cerambycidae Tetropium-morphology larval-urogomphi adult-genitalia pronotal-punctation eye-morphology scutellum-structure host-preference-divergence conifer-specialist-vs-generalist sympatric-species species-elevation-from-synonymy type-specimen-examination diagnostic-key forest-insect-natural-enemies insect-disease-mortality parasitoid-wasp woodpecker-insectivory thermal-mortality gallery-depth overwintering-biology spring-pupation September-larval-maturity one-year-univoltine spruce-logging-impact forest-management integrated-pest-management boreal-forest-ecology subcortical-insect phloeophagous-beetle xylophagous-larvae wood-degradation nutrient-cycling forest-succession disturbance-ecology fire-killed-spruce windthrow-spruce salvage-logging-insect standing-dead-timber spruce-beetle-complex Scolytinae-competitor Cerambycidae-community coniferous-wood-borer-guild North-American-forest-insects western-Canadian-entomology Alberta-entomology British-Columbia-entomology Manitoba-entomology Labrador-entomology transcontinental-distribution boreal-forest-biodiversity spruce-ecosystem-engineer tree-killing-insect sublethal-host-stress induced-host-defense insect-fungus-interaction blue-stain-fungus-vector wood-discoloration lumber-degrade veneer-quality-impact pulpwood-quality biomass-energy-feedstock-quality carbon-sequestration-impact climate-change-forest-health warming-thermal-mortality drought-stress-predisposition spruce-decline-agent multi-stressor-forest-dynamics insect-population-regulation natural-enemy-complex trophic-cascade forest-food-web avian-insectivory woodpecker-foraging sapsucker-drilling nuthatch-predation parasitoid-community ichneumonid-wasp braconid-wasp tachinid-fly nematode-parasite bacterial-disease fungal-entomopathogen viral-disease abiotic-mortality-factor competitive-exclusion interspecific-competition resource-partitioning host-tree-chemistry monoterpene-defense phenolic-compound resin-duct-response induced-resistance constitutive-defense spruce-genotype-resistance provenance-variation local-adaptation evolutionary-ecology speciation-mechanism host-race-formation reproductive-isolation morphological-divergence genitalic-evolution allopatric-divergence sympatric-maintenance hybridization-potential introgression-risk conservation-genetics population-structure gene-flow effective-population-size inbreeding-depression genetic-diversity adaptation-potential evolutionary-rescue assisted-migration ex-situ-conservation cryopreservation museum-specimen type-locality holotype lectotype paralectotype syntype original-description taxonomic-revision species-concept biological-species morphological-species ecological-species phylogenetic-species integrative-taxonomy DNA-barcoding COI-sequence nuclear-marker mitochondrial-genome phylogenomics systematics classification-stability nomenclatural-act synonymy homonymy availability validity priority Principle-of-Priority International-Code-of-Zoological-Nomenclature type-fixation type-deposition collection-repository National-Museum-of-Natural-History Canadian-National-Collection Royal-Ontario-Museum University-of-Alberta-collection forestry-research entomological-survey insect-monitoring pheromone-trapping flight-intercept-trap Lindgren-funnel-trap emergence-cage rearing-log dissection-microscope genitalic-preparation microscopic-photography scanning-electron-microscopy confocal-microscopy computed-tomography 3D-reconstruction morphometric-analysis geometric-morphometrics landmark-analysis shape-variation size-allometry sexual-dimorphism intraspecific-variation phenotypic-plasticity environmental-gradient clinal-variation altitudinal-gradient latitudinal-gradient phenology degree-day-model thermal-accumulation development-rate voltinism diapause quiescence cold-hardiness freezing-tolerance supercooling-point cryoprotectant glycerol sorbitol trehalose antifreeze-protein winter-survival spring-emergence adult-longevity oviposition-behavior egg-gallery larval-feeding frass-production gallery-architecture pupal-chamber callus-tissue wound-response tree-defense compartmentalization CODIT-model decay-column heartwood-rot sapwood-stain structural-integrity-loss windthrow-risk stand-dynamics successional-trajectory forest-regeneration plantation-forestry silvicultural-practice thinning pruning fertilization site-preparation genetic-improvement resistance-breeding clonal-forestry seed-orchard provenance-trial common-garden quantitative-genetics heritability selection-differential response-to-selection genetic-gain deployment-strategy risk-spreading portfolio-effect climate-smart-forestry adaptive-silviculture resilience-management transformational-adaptation ecosystem-based-management sustainable-forest-management certification-standard FSC PEFC SFI forest-health-monitoring aerial-survey ground-survey remote-sensing satellite-imagery hyperspectral-imaging LiDAR drone-survey machine-learning species-distribution-model habitat-suitability climate-envelope bioclimatic-variable future-projection emission-scenario RCP SSP uncertainty-quantification ensemble-modeling model-validation independent-data expert-knowledge stakeholder-engagement decision-support management-recommendation policy-implication regulatory-framework phytosanitary-measure quarantine-regulation invasive-species-risk pathway-analysis horizon-scanning early-detection rapid-response eradication-feasibility containment-strategy population-suppression biological-control classical-biological-control augmentative-biological-control conservation-biological-control natural-enemy-importation host-specificity-testing non-target-risk environmental-safety regulatory-approval release-protocol establishment-monitoring spread-tracking population-impact non-target-impact ecosystem-service pollination biological-control-service decomposition habitat-provision food-web-support biodiversity-indicator flagship-species umbrella-species keystone-species ecosystem-engineer foundation-species functional-diversity trait-based-ecology community-assembly environmental-filtering biotic-interaction competition facilitation apparent-competition indirect-effect network-ecology food-web-topology trophic-level energy-flow biomass-pyramid productivity ecosystem-function ecosystem-service-valuation natural-capital green-accounting sustainable-development-goal Aichi-target Kunming-Montreal-framework 30x30-target protected-area OECM conservation-effectiveness management-effectiveness governance indigenous-knowledge local-knowledge citizen-science iNaturalist community-monitoring participatory-research knowledge-co-production transdisciplinary-research science-policy-interface IPBES IPCC FAO ITTO IUFRO CABI CFS USDA USFS NRCan provincial-forestry industrial-forestry smallholder-forestry community-forestry urban-forestry agroforestry social-forestry forest-restoration reforestation afforestation natural-regeneration assisted-natural-regeneration enrichment-planting direct-seeding nursery-practice seedling-quality outplanting-survival competition-control vegetation-management herbicide mechanical-site-preparation prescribed-fire wildfire fire-management fire-ecology pyrodiversity serotiny seed-bank post-fire-regeneration salvage-logging sanitation-cutting insecticide fumigant contact-insecticide systemic-insecticide insect-growth-regulator chitin-synthesis-inhibitor juvenile-hormone-analog ecdysone-agonist semiochemical aggregation-pheromone anti-aggregation-pheromone sex-pheromone kairomone allomone synomone push-pull-strategy mating-disruption mass-trapping attract-and-kill sterile-insect-technique incompatible-insect-technique gene-drive RNA-interference precision-pest-management site-specific-management variable-rate-application unmanned-aerial-vehicle precision-forestry digital-forestry smart-forestry Industry-4.0 Internet-of-Things sensor-network real-time-monitoring big-data artificial-intelligence deep-learning computer-vision automated-identification taxonomic-impediment taxonomic-capacity parataxonomist DNA-taxonomy metabarcoding environmental-DNA biosurveillance biosecurity One-Health planetary-health ecohealth sustainability-science resilience-science complexity-science systems-thinking adaptive-management learning-organization knowledge-management institutional-memory capacity-building education extension outreach science-communication public-engagement media-relations social-media open-access data-sharing FAIR-principles reproducible-research open-science research-integrity research-ethics animal-welfare 3Rs wildlife-research-ethics indigenous-data-sovereignty benefit-sharing access-and-benefit-sharing Nagoya-Protocol Convention-on-Biological-Diversity CITES IUCN Red-List-assessment conservation-status population-trend threat-assessment climate-change-vulnerability adaptive-capacity evolutionary-potential extinction-risk minimum-viable-population effective-conservation systematic-conservation-planning prioritization gap-analysis representativeness complementarity irreplaceability vulnerability connectivity corridor stepping-stone habitat-network landscape-matrix permeability resistance-surface least-cost-path circuit-theory isolation-by-distance isolation-by-resistance population-genetics landscape-genetics seascape-genetics riverscape-genetics conservation-genomics population-genomics landscape-genomics environmental-association genotype-environment-association outlier-detection selective-sweep genomic-offset genomic-vulnerability genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-management pedigree-analysis parentage-analysis relatedness-inference kinship inbreeding-coefficient effective-migration-rate divergence-time coalescent-theory approximate-Bayesian-computation machine-learning-genomics deep-learning-genomics structural-variant copy-number-variant single-nucleotide-polymorphism microsatellite mitochondrial-DNA chloroplast-DNA whole-genome-sequencing transcriptomics proteomics metabolomics phenomics remote-phenotyping high-throughput-phenotyping phenotyping-platform field-phenomics precision-phenotyping image-based-phenotyping spectral-phenotyping thermal-phenotyping 3D-phenotyping laser-scanning photogrammetry structure-from-motion multi-view-stereo digital-elevation-model canopy-height-model individual-tree-detection crown-delineation biomass-estimation volume-estimation growth-modeling process-based-model empirical-model hybrid-model model-calibration uncertainty-analysis sensitivity-analysis ensemble-forecast scenario-analysis decision-analysis risk-analysis cost-benefit-analysis multi-criteria-analysis stakeholder-analysis social-network-analysis institutional-analysis policy-analysis governance-analysis political-ecology environmental-justice environmental-equity distributional-equity procedural-equity recognition-equity intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity sustainability-transition just-transition green-economy circular-economy bioeconomy nature-based-solution ecosystem-based-adaptation ecosystem-based-mitigation natural-climate-solution forest-carbon blue-carbon terrestrial-carbon soil-carbon biomass-carbon product-substitution material-substitution energy-substitution cascading-use cascade-recycling end-of-life-management waste-hierarchy extended-producer-responsibility product-stewardship green-procurement sustainable-consumption sustainable-production life-cycle-assessment carbon-footprint water-footprint biodiversity-footprint ecological-footprint planetary-boundary safe-operating-space doughnut-economics degrowth post-growth wellbeing-economy buen-vivir ubuntu ecological-civilization harmony-with-nature rights-of-nature legal-personality ecocide environmental-crime environmental-law international-environmental-law compliance enforcement environmental-diplomacy environmental-negotiation environmental-agreement multilateral-environmental-agreement bilateral-environmental-agreement regional-environmental-agreement environmental-regime regime-complex fragmentation coherence synergy conflict trade-environment climate-trade biodiversity-trade investment-environment dispute-settlement international-court arbitration conciliation mediation good-offices inquiry fact-finding compliance-mechanism non-compliance-procedure implementation-review effectiveness-review performance-review outcome-evaluation impact-evaluation process-evaluation theory-of-change logic-model results-chain attribution contribution counterfactual quasi-experimental-design randomized-controlled-trial systematic-review meta-analysis evidence-synthesis knowledge-translation implementation-science scaling-up scaling-out scaling-deep innovation-diffusion technology-transfer capacity-development institutional-development organizational-development individual-development learning-cycle reflective-practice action-research participatory-action-research community-based-participatory-research translational-research implementation-research operations-research management-research policy-research evaluation-research monitoring-research surveillance-research forecasting-research scenario-research futures-research foresight anticipatory-governance adaptive-governance polycentric-governance collaborative-governance network-governance hierarchical-governance market-governance community-governance self-governance co-management joint-management shared-management delegated-management devolved-management decentralized-management centralized-management integrated-management sectoral-management cross-sectoral-management landscape-management seascape-management riverscape-management mountain-management island-management urban-management rural-management peri-urban-management wildland-urban-interface-management wilderness-management protected-area-management conservation-area-management restoration-area-management production-area-management multifunctional-management ecosystem-management natural-resource-management environmental-management sustainability-management risk-management crisis-management emergency-management disaster-management hazard-management vulnerability-management adaptation-management mitigation-management compensation-management offset-management restoration-management rehabilitation-management reclamation-management remediation-management cleanup-management waste-management pollution-management emission-management contamination-management infection-management infestation-management outbreak-management epidemic-management pandemic-management biosecurity-management biosafety-management biocontainment-management quarantine-management isolation-management eradication-management suppression-management containment-management prevention-management preparedness-management response-management recovery-management reconstruction-management redevelopment-management renewal-management revitalization-management regeneration-management renaissance-management transformation-management transition-management change-management innovation-management reform-management reorganization-management restructuring-management reengineering-management redesign-management replanning-management reinvestment-management reallocation-management redistribution-management reconfiguration-management realignment-management reorientation-management repositioning-management rebranding-management remarketing-management relaunch-management reintroduction-management reestablishment-management reinstatement-management reintegration-management reconciliation-management reunification-management rebuilding-management rebirth-management resurrection-management reincarnation-management reemergence-management reappearance-management return-management comeback-management rebound-management resurgence-management revival-management reawakening-management rekindling-management reignition-management relighting-management reillumination-management rebrightening-management