Sap-feeding
Guides
Aconophora compressa
lantana bug, lantana treehopper, lantana stemsucking treehopper, lantana sap-sucking bug
Aconophora compressa is a treehopper (family Membracidae) native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. It was introduced to Australia in 1995 as a biological control agent for the invasive weed Lantana camara. The species is brown, up to 8 mm long, with a thorn-shaped body and produces copious honeydew. It has been documented to attack non-target plants, particularly fiddlewood (Citharexylum spinosum) in Australia, leading to its discontinuation as a biocontrol agent after 2001. It was also rejected for use in South Africa due to unacceptable risks to indigenous Lippia species.
treehopperbiological-controlinvasive-species-managementMembracidaephloem-feedermaternal-caregregarioushoneydew-producernon-target-effectsLantana-camaraMexicoAustraliaSouth-AfricaVerbenaceaeCitharexylum-spinosumLippiaAloysia-citrodorathermal-tolerancestem-suckingsap-feedingegg-guardinginstarsnymphal-developmentweed-biocontrolhost-range-expansionecological-risk-assessmentbiosecurityWalker-1851AconophoriniMembracinaeHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaMembracoideaAmphicrossus
Amphicrossus is a genus of sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae. The genus was established by Erichson in 1843 and contains approximately nine described species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. Members are associated with decaying plant matter and fermenting sap flows.
Amphotis schwarzi
Amphotis schwarzi is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described by Ulke in 1887. The species is known from North America and belongs to a genus characterized by association with fermenting plant materials and sap flows. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
Aphis hederae
Aphis hederae is an aphid species first described by Kaltenbach in 1843. It is currently listed as an accepted species in major taxonomic databases, though some sources note it as an ambiguous synonym. The species is recorded from the Azores archipelago (Faial, Flores, São Jorge, São Miguel, and Santa Maria islands). As a member of the genus Aphis, it shares the family's characteristic sap-feeding biology on host plants.
Asterocampa
Hackberry Butterflies, American Emperors
Asterocampa is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as hackberry butterflies or American emperors. The genus contains four recognized species distributed primarily in North and Central America and the Caribbean. Two species groups are recognized: the celtis group (hackberry emperor and Empress Leilia) and the clyton group (tawny emperor and dusky emperor). All species are closely associated with hackberry trees (Celtis spp.) as larval host plants.
Asterocampa celtis reinthali
Florida Hackberry Butterfly
Asterocampa celtis reinthali is a subspecies of hackberry butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is recognized as the Florida Hackberry Butterfly, distinguishing it from other subspecies of A. celtis. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with hackberry (Celtis) host plants. The subspecies was described by Friedlander in 1988.
Asterocampa clyton louisa
Asterocampa clyton louisa is a subspecies of the tawny emperor butterfly, recognized by Stallings & Turner in 1947. It belongs to the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as the brush-footed butterflies. The species is known to feed on fermenting tree sap, often aggregating with other insects at sap flows on hardwood trees.
Aulacigaster
Aulacigaster is a genus of small flies in the family Aulacigastridae (order Diptera). Species in this genus are associated with decaying tree sap flows, where their larvae develop. The best-documented species, Aulacigaster leucopeza, has been studied for its complete postembryonic development. The genus has a limited known distribution in northern Europe.
Blera pictipes
Painted Wood Fly
Blera pictipes is a rare syrphid fly (family Syrphidae) distributed across the eastern and central United States. Adults are medium-sized hoverflies with distinctive yellow and black abdominal markings and yellow-banded legs. The species exhibits rat-tailed larval morphology typical of related genera, with larvae developing in rot holes and on exuding sap of trees. First described by Bigot in 1884, it remains infrequently encountered despite its relatively broad geographic range.
Bolbonota
seed-mimic treehopper
Bolbonota is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, tribe Membracini, distributed in the New World tropics and subtropics. Adults are characterized by their dark, globular body form with a corrugated pronotal surface and distinctive red eyes. The genus contains at least a dozen described species in Brazil alone, with many more likely awaiting description. Bolbonota species exhibit complex ontogenetic color changes: early instar nymphs are dark, late instars become mottled or streaked white, and adults revert to dark coloration.
Bolbonota tuberculata
Bolbonota tuberculata is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, characterized by its globular, tuberculate body form and dark coloration. The species belongs to the New World tribe Membracini and exhibits the pronotal modifications typical of this group—an enlarged, helmet-like structure that extends over the body. Like other members of the genus Bolbonota, adults have been observed with distinctive red eyes. The species occurs in the Neotropical region, with records from French Guiana and Brazil.
Brachyopa
Sapeaters
Brachyopa is a Holarctic genus of hoverflies (Syrphidae) characterized by atypical grey and brown coloration that distinguishes them from the typically bright-colored members of their family. These flies are cryptic and easily overlooked among other dipteran families. Larvae develop under bark of dead wood in association with decaying sap, making the genus saproxylic. Adults have been observed feeding on sap flows from wounded trees.
Brenda
Brenda is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Megophthalminae, established by Oman in 1941. It belongs to the tribe Megophthalmini within the infraorder Cicadomorpha. The genus is part of the diverse Membracoidea superfamily, which includes many sap-feeding insects associated with vascular plants.
Bruchomorpha
Bruchomorpha is a genus of planthoppers in the family Caliscelidae, first described by Newman in 1838. These insects belong to the superfamily Fulgoroidea and are characterized as sap-sucking hemipterans. The genus is part of the tribe Peltonotellini within the subfamily Caliscelinae. Observations of Bruchomorpha have been documented across North America, particularly in the United States.
Calinda collaris
Calinda collaris is a species of psyllid, a small sap-sucking insect in the family Triozidae. First described by Crawford in 1910, this species belongs to a genus of jumping plant lice that feed on various host plants. Like other psyllids, it undergoes incomplete metamorphosis and is associated with specific plant hosts, though detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Camptodes
Camptodes is a genus of small sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae, established by Erichson in 1843. The genus contains approximately nine described species distributed across multiple continents. Members are associated with fermenting plant sap and decaying organic matter.
Chalcolepidius
click beetles
Chalcolepidius is a genus of click beetles (family Elateridae) comprising approximately 63 species, with the majority distributed in the Americas. Species within this genus are typically large, metallic-colored beetles associated with woody vegetation. The genus was revised by Casari in 2002, and new distribution records continue to be documented, particularly in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Cicadomorpha
Spittlebugs, Cicadas, Leafhoppers and Treehoppers
Cicadomorpha is an infraorder of Hemiptera comprising approximately 35,000 described species worldwide, including cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and spittlebugs. The group has a fossil record extending to the Late Permian, with extinct families such as Palaeontinidae representing diverse Mesozoic lineages. All members are obligate plant-feeders utilizing specialized mouthparts for sap extraction. Many species produce acoustic signals or substrate vibrations for communication, with sound production mechanisms varying among superfamilies.
Conotelus fuscipennis
Conotelus fuscipennis is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, a group commonly known as sap beetles. The species is native to North America. Like other members of the genus Conotelus, it is associated with fermenting or decaying plant materials. Information on this species remains limited, with only four observation records documented on iNaturalist as of the available data.
Cryptarchinae
Cryptarchinae is a subfamily of sap-feeding beetles within the family Nitidulidae. The subfamily contains at least 3 genera—Cryptarcha, Glischrochilus, and Pityophagus—and approximately 17 described species. Members are associated with subcortical habitats and sap flows on trees, particularly conifers. The genus Glischrochilus has been the subject of recent taxonomic revision revealing cryptic species diversity in northern Europe.
Diaphorina
Diaphorina is a genus of Old World sap-sucking hemipteran bugs in the family Liviidae, containing approximately 68 to 74 species. The genus is typified by the subfamily Diaphorininae and includes Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, a globally significant agricultural pest. Species in this genus are phloem-feeders primarily associated with host plants in the Rutaceae family.
Drepanaphis idahoensis
Drepanaphis idahoensis is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, subfamily Drepanosiphinae. The species was described by Smith & Dillery in 1968. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, sap-sucking insect that feeds on host plants using piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus Drepanaphis is characterized by certain morphological features of the antennae and siphunculi.
Elymana pacifica
Elymana pacifica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. It belongs to the tribe Cicadulini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species is known from western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other members of its family, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with grasses and other plants.
leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaeCicadulinigrasslandBritish-ColumbiaCanadaphloem-feederplant-hopperAuchenorrhynchaHemipteraInsectaArthropodaAnimalia1985HamiltonElymanaElymana-pacificaPacificwestern-North-Americaphloem-feedingsap-feedingplant-feedinggrassland-insectmeadow-insectprairie-insectfield-insectagricultural-pestvectorplant-disease-vectorvirus-vectorphytoplasma-vectorbacteria-vectorplant-pathogen-vectorcrop-pestpasture-pestrangeland-pestnative-speciesendemic-speciesrare-speciesuncommon-speciesdata-deficientpoorly-knownunderstudiedtaxonomysystematicsentomologyhemipterologycicadellidologybioinformaticsbiodiversitybiogeographyconservationecologyevolutionphylogeneticsgeneticsmolecular-biologybiochemistryphysiologymorphologyanatomyhistologyembryologydevelopmental-biologyreproductionlife-historypopulation-biologypopulation-dynamicspopulation-geneticscommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologybiogeochemistryphylogeographyhistorical-biogeographyecological-biogeographyconservation-biogeographyisland-biogeographymountain-biogeographyalpine-biogeographyarctic-biogeographyboreal-biogeographytemperate-biogeographytropical-biogeographysubtropical-biogeographyMediterranean-biogeographydesert-biogeographygrassland-biogeographysavanna-biogeographywoodland-biogeographyforest-biogeographyrainforest-biogeographymangrove-biogeographywetland-biogeographyfreshwater-biogeographymarine-biogeographydeep-sea-biogeographyabyssal-biogeographyhadal-biogeographypolar-biogeographyAntarctic-biogeographypaleobiogeographypaleoecologypaleontologytaphonomystratigraphygeochronologychronostratigraphybiostratigraphychemostratigraphymagnetostratigraphysequence-stratigraphycyclostratigraphyevent-stratigraphyallostratigraphylithostratigraphyisotope-geochemistryradiometric-datingdendrochronologyvarve-chronologyice-core-chronologyspeleothem-chronologycorals-chronologymollusk-chronologyforaminifera-chronologyradiolaria-chronologydiatom-chronologydinoflagellate-chronologycoccolithophore-chronologyostracod-chronologyconodont-chronologygraptolite-chronologytrilobite-chronologyammonite-chronologybelemnite-chronologynautiloid-chronologybrachiopod-chronologybivalve-chronologygastropod-chronologycephalopod-chronologyechinoderm-chronologycrinoid-chronologyblastoid-chronologycystoid-chronologyedrioasteroid-chronologycarpoid-chronologyhomoiostele-chronologymitrate-chronologycornute-chronologysolute-chronologydendrocystitid-chronologycinctan-chronologystylophoran-chronologycothurnocystid-chronologyanomalocystitid-chronologychordate-chronologyvertebrate-chronologyagnathan-chronologyplacoderm-chronologyacanthodian-chronologychondrichthyan-chronologyosteichthyan-chronologyactinopterygian-chronologysarcopterygian-chronologytetrapod-chronologyamphibian-chronologyreptile-chronologymammal-chronologybird-chronologypterosaur-chronologydinosaur-chronologycrocodilian-chronologyturtle-chronologylizard-chronologysnake-chronologymosasaur-chronologyplesiosaur-chronologyichthyosaur-chronologysynapsid-chronologytherapsid-chronologycynodont-chronologymarsupial-chronologyplacental-chronologymonotreme-chronologyprimate-chronologyhuman-chronologyhominid-chronologyhominin-chronologyaustralopithecine-chronologyparanthropus-chronologyhomo-chronologyneanderthal-chronologydenisovan-chronologyfloresiensis-chronologynaledi-chronologyerectus-chronologyhabilis-chronologyrudolfensis-chronologyergaster-chronologyantecessor-chronologyheidelbergensis-chronologyrhodesiensis-chronologycepranensis-chronologygeorgicus-chronologysapiens-chronologyneanderthalensis-chronologydenisova-chronologyluzonensis-chronologyarchaic-sapiens-chronologymodern-sapiens-chronologyanatomically-modern-human-chronologybehaviorally-modern-human-chronologyculturally-modern-human-chronologytechnologically-modern-human-chronologyagricultural-revolution-chronologyurban-revolution-chronologyindustrial-revolution-chronologyinformation-revolution-chronologybiotechnology-revolution-chronologynanotechnology-revolution-chronologyartificial-intelligence-revolution-chronologysingularity-chronologyposthuman-chronologytranshuman-chronologyextropian-chronologysingularitarian-chronologytechnoprogressive-chronologybioconservative-chronologyneo-luddite-chronologyprimitivist-chronologyanarcho-primitivist-chronologydeep-ecology-chronologyecofeminist-chronologysocial-ecology-chronologyecosocialist-chronologyecoanarchist-chronologygreen-anarchist-chronologyanarcho-naturist-chronologyveganarchist-chronologytotal-liberation-chronologyintersectional-chronologydecolonial-chronologyindigenous-chronologypostcolonial-chronologysubaltern-chronologyfeminist-chronologyqueer-chronologycrip-chronologydisability-chronologyneurodiversity-chronologymad-chronologypsychiatric-survivor-chronologyantipsychiatry-chronologycritical-psychiatry-chronologypostpsychiatry-chronologytrauma-informed-chronologyhealing-centered-chronologyrestorative-justice-chronologytransformative-justice-chronologycommunity-accountability-chronologyabolition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hronologytype-XXVIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXIX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyEpuraea avara
Avaricious Sap Beetle
Epuraea avara is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in North America. The species is commonly known as the Avaricious Sap Beetle. As a member of the Nitidulidae, it is associated with fermenting plant sap, fruit, and other sugary substances.
Epuraea peltoides
Epuraea peltoides is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described by Horn in 1879. It belongs to a genus of small beetles commonly associated with fermenting plant materials and fungal substrates. The species is known from North America.
Erythridula jocosa
Erythridula jocosa is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, plant-feeding insect that feeds on sap. The species was described by Beamer in 1935. Leafhoppers in this group are typically found on vegetation and are known for their colorful markings and active behavior.
Euphoria devulsa
Euphoria devulsa is a species of flower chafer beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae. The species was described by Horn in 1880 and is accepted as valid. It belongs to the genus Euphoria, a group of colorful scarab beetles commonly known as flower chafers or bumble flower beetles. Members of this genus are known for their bee-mimicking flight behavior and attraction to fermenting sap flows on trees.
Euphoria levinotata
Euphoria levinotata is a species of flower scarab beetle in the subfamily Cetoniinae, described by Orozco in 2012. It belongs to a genus known for bee-mimicking flight behavior and attraction to fermenting tree sap. The species occurs in the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and New Mexico. Like other Euphoria species, adults are diurnal fliers that feed on sap flows and occasionally visit flowers for nectar and pollen.
Euphoria schottii
Euphoria schottii is a flower scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae. The genus Euphoria contains colorful species commonly known as flower chafers or bumble flower beetles, many of which exhibit Batesian mimicry of bees and wasps. Euphoria schottii is one of ten Euphoria species recorded from Arizona, where it occurs in association with agave plants. The species was described by Schott and is part of a genus whose taxonomy has undergone recent revision, with several former subspecies of E. fulgida elevated to full species status.
Euphoria sepulcralis
Dark Flower Scarab
Euphoria sepulcralis, commonly known as the Dark Flower Scarab, is a small flower chafer beetle (Cetoniinae) measuring 9–11 mm in length. It is widespread across the eastern and central United States, extending into Mexico. Adults are active during daylight hours and are frequently observed on flowers, particularly goldenrod, as well as at sap flows on trees. The species exhibits a distinctive dark brown to black coloration that distinguishes it from its more brightly colored congeners. It is one of the most commonly encountered Euphoria species in its range and has been documented feeding on roses as larvae.
Glischrochilus confluentus
Glischrochilus confluentus is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1823. It belongs to a genus commonly known as picnic beetles, which are attracted to fermenting plant fluids. The species is distributed across North America, with confirmed records from multiple Canadian provinces.
Glischrochilus fasciatus
Picnic Beetle
Glischrochilus fasciatus, commonly known as the picnic beetle, is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. The species is distributed across North America and Central America. It belongs to a genus known for attraction to fermenting plant materials and oozing sap. The common name derives from its tendency to frequent outdoor food gatherings.
Glischrochilus siepmanni
Glischrochilus siepmanni is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It belongs to a genus commonly known as picnic beetles, though specific behavioral details for this species remain limited. It has been documented across multiple Canadian provinces and is presumed present throughout North America.
Hamadryas februa
Gray Cracker, Grey Cracker
Hamadryas februa is a cracker butterfly (Nymphalidae) ranging from Argentina through tropical America to Mexico, with rare strays reaching southern Texas. Adults feed on sap and rotting fruit, while larvae specialize on Dalechampia and Tragia species (Euphorbiaceae). The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in flight-related morphology, with females being larger and more dispersive than males. Development from egg to adult takes approximately 33–34 days under laboratory conditions.
Hamana
Hamana is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Iassinae, established by DeLong in 1942. These insects belong to the tribe Gyponini and are part of the diverse leafhopper fauna within the Hemiptera. The genus is recognized in major taxonomic databases including Catalogue of Life, GBIF, and NCBI Taxonomy. Species within Hamana are distributed across various regions, with 576 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Like other leafhoppers, members of this genus are sap-feeding insects associated with vegetation.
Kidrella
Kidrella is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, and tribe Dikraneurini. It was established by Young in 1952. Members of this genus are small, delicate leafhoppers characteristic of the Typhlocybinae, which are among the smallest and most morphologically specialized leafhoppers. The genus is part of a diverse group of sap-feeding insects within the Membracoidea superfamily.
Lobiopa undulata
Lobiopa undulata is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1825. It occurs across North America with confirmed records from Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick) and the United States. As a member of Nitidulidae, it is associated with fermenting plant sap, overripe fruit, and other sugar-rich substrates.
Macrosiphum californicum
California Willow Aphid
Macrosiphum californicum is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. Commonly known as the California Willow Aphid, this species belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, which contains many economically significant plant-feeding aphids. The species was described by Clarke in 1903. As with other aphids in this genus, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem.
Mezira subsetosa
Mezira subsetosa is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae. Members of this family are characterized by their extremely flattened bodies, an adaptation for living in tight spaces under bark and in decaying wood. The species has been documented in North America with over 800 observations, suggesting it is relatively common within its range. Like other aradids, it is presumed to feed on fungal hyphae in dead wood, though specific dietary studies for this species are lacking.
Nannium
Nannium is a genus of flat bugs in the family Aradidae, established by Bergroth in 1898. Members of this genus are true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) characterized by their dorsoventrally flattened bodies, an adaptation for living in narrow spaces under bark or within decaying wood. The genus belongs to a family of insects commonly known as flat bugs or bark bugs, which are primarily associated with dead and decaying wood habitats.
Neaethus maculatus
Neaethus maculatus is a species of tropiduchid planthopper in the family Tropiduchidae. It was described by Melichar in 1906. The species is found in North America and is recognized to have two subspecies: N. m. fasciatus and the nominate N. m. maculatus. As a member of the planthopper family Tropiduchidae, it belongs to a group of sap-feeding insects commonly associated with vegetation.
Nitidulini
Nitidulini is a tribe of small beetles within the family Nitidulidae, established by Latreille in 1802. The tribe comprises approximately 10 genera and at least 20 described species, including economically significant genera such as Aethina and Stelidota. Members are primarily associated with fermenting or decaying plant materials and sap flows. The tribe is taxonomically well-defined within the subfamily Nitidulinae and has been documented across multiple continents.
Oecleus lyra
Oecleus lyra is a species of planthopper in the family Cixiidae, described by Kramer in 1977. It belongs to the tribe Oecleini within the subfamily Cixiinae. Like other cixiids, it is a member of the superfamily Delphacoidea, a group of true bugs characterized by their plant-sap feeding habits. The species has been documented in Arizona based on distribution records.
Omosita colon
Omosita colon is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. The species has been documented across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), Central America, and North America. Detailed morphological studies have examined its antennae and mouthpart sensilla, revealing specialized sensory structures associated with its feeding ecology.
Pallodes
Pallodes is a genus of sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae, first described by Erichson in 1843. The genus contains approximately 51 described species, with the majority distributed in tropical regions. Three species occur in North America: Pallodes austrinus, Pallodes pallidus, and Pallodes plateosus. The genus is noted for its association with fresh mushrooms and is considered taxonomically in need of a worldwide revision.
Phylloxera paludis
Phylloxera paludis is a species of phylloxeran insect in the family Phylloxeridae, order Hemiptera. Phylloxerans are small, soft-bodied, sap-sucking insects closely related to aphids. Members of the genus Phylloxera are known for inducing gall formation on host plants through chemical secretions that alter plant tissue development. The specific epithet "paludis" suggests an association with marsh or wetland habitats, though detailed ecological studies of this particular species appear limited in the available literature.
Pityophagus
Pityophagus is a genus of sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae, established by Shuckard in 1839. The genus contains approximately six described species distributed across the Holarctic region. Members of this genus are associated with coniferous trees, where they feed on sap flows and exudates.
Pityophagus cephalotes
Pityophagus cephalotes is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described by LeConte in 1866. The species is found in North America. Members of the genus Pityophagus are associated with coniferous trees and are known to feed on sap flows.
Polygonia
comma, anglewing
Polygonia is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as commas or anglewings. Members are recognized by a conspicuous white comma-shaped mark on the underside of each hindwing and angular notches on the outer edges of the forewings. The genus exhibits remarkable seasonal polyphenism, with distinct light and dark morphs corresponding to non-diapausing and diapausing generations. Many species hibernate as adults. The genus has been alternatively classified as a subgenus of Nymphalis.
Polygonia progne
Gray Comma, Grey Comma
Polygonia progne, the gray comma, is a North American butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. Adults display seasonal dimorphism: summer forms have bright orange-brown upper wings with dark hindwing borders, while both forms show few yellow marginal spots. The species is notable for its L-shaped silver markings on charcoal gray undersides and its deeply notched wing margins that create an angular silhouette. It produces two generations annually, with the second generation's eggs hatching in October to overwinter as larvae.
Prometopia
Prometopia is a genus of sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae, subfamily Prometopiinae. The genus comprises approximately 28 species worldwide, with distribution centered in the Afrotropical region and extending to the Nearctic and other regions. Most species are excluded from the Palaearctic region, Madagascar, and New Zealand. The genus is characterized by distinctive body shape and elytral spot patterns.
Protaetia fusca
Mango Flower Beetle, Mottled Flower Scarab
Protaetia fusca is a flower chafer beetle in the subfamily Cetoniinae, commonly known as the Mango Flower Beetle or Mottled Flower Scarab. The species has a broad distribution spanning tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, the Pacific, and has been introduced to the Americas including Hawaii, California, Florida, and the Galápagos Islands. Larvae develop in decaying wood of broad-leaved trees, particularly Ficus species, while adults feed on tree sap and ripe fruits. The complete life cycle takes approximately one year, with adult activity peaking during summer months.
Psilopyga histrina
black stinkhorn beetle
A small sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, known from North America. The common name "black stinkhorn beetle" suggests an association with stinkhorn fungi (Phallaceae), though direct documentation of this relationship is limited. Like other nitidulids, it likely feeds on fermenting plant fluids and fungal substrates.
Psilopyga nigripennis
stinkhorn beetle
Psilopyga nigripennis, commonly known as the stinkhorn beetle, is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in North America. The common name "stinkhorn beetle" reflects its association with stinkhorn fungi (Phallaceae), which are among its known food sources. The species was described by LeConte in 1863.
Pyrrhocoroidea
Red and Bordered Plant Bugs, Red Cotton Bugs
Pyrrhocoroidea is a superfamily of true bugs comprising approximately 520 species in two families: Pyrrhocoridae (red bugs, ~300 species) and Largidae (bordered plant bugs, ~220 species). Members are primarily herbivorous, with many species exhibiting bright red or orange coloration. The superfamily is distinguished by specific bacterial symbiont associations, particularly Burkholderia in Largidae, which are acquired environmentally each generation rather than transmitted maternally. Pyrrhocoroidea represents the earliest-diverging superfamily of Burkholderia-associated Hemiptera.
Tragidion
Tragidion is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) distributed across North America and Mexico. Species are notable for their bright orange-red and black coloration, which functions in Batesian mimicry of tarantula hawk wasps (Pompilidae: Pepsis, Hemipepsis). The genus contains eleven recognized species, with seven occurring in North America and four restricted to Mexico. Taxonomic clarity was recently provided by Swift & Ray (2008), who described two new species, revalidated one from synonymy, and proposed four new synonymies to resolve long-standing identification challenges.
Uroleucon tuataiae
Uroleucon tuataiae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Olive in 1963. It belongs to the large genus Uroleucon, which contains numerous species associated with plants in the Asteraceae family. Like other members of this genus, it is presumed to be a phloem-feeding insect that reproduces parthenogenetically during favorable seasons. The species is recognized as valid in major taxonomic databases including GBIF and the Catalogue of Life.
Vesiculaphis
Vesiculaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, first described by Del Guercio in 1911. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini within the subfamily Aphidinae. The genus includes species such as Vesiculaphis caricis, which feeds on plants by sucking sap. Records indicate a distribution in Norway and Sweden.