Diaphorina

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Superfamily: Psylloidea
Family: Psyllidae
Subfamily: Diaphorininae
Genus: Diaphorina

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Diaphorina: /ˌdaɪəˈfɔːrɪnə/

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Summary

Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, is a significant sap-sucking pest of citrus plants, recognized for its role in transmitting citrus greening disease. It is found in various citrus-growing regions around the world and has several predators that help control its population.

Physical Characteristics

The adult psyllid is about four millimeters long with a fawn and brown mottled body and a light brown head. It is covered with a whitish, waxy secretion which makes it look dusty. The forewings are broadest at the back and have a dark edging around the periphery with a pale gap near the apex. The antennae are pale brown with black tips.

Identification Tips

It is typically identified by its head down, tail up posture while feeding and its active jumping behavior compared to sedentary aphids. Also, psyllids have ten segments in their antennae, unlike aphids which usually have four to six.

Habitat

Diaphorina citri is primarily found in citrus-growing regions, often seen on the tips of growing shoots of citrus trees.

Distribution

Originated in Asia, the Asian citrus psyllid is now found in parts of the Middle East, South and Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean, and across various states in the United States, including Florida, Louisiana, Georgia, Arizona, South Carolina, Texas, and California.

Diet

Sap-sucking; feeds on the sap of citrus plants.

Life Cycle

The female may lay up to 800 eggs during her lifetime. The development cycle takes from two to seven weeks depending on temperature and season.

Reproduction

Eggs are laid on the tips of growing shoots, and the young nymphs go through five molts before becoming adults.

Predators

Natural predators include the predatory wasp Brachygastra mellifica and Tamarixia radiata, along with lady beetles.

Ecosystem Role

Diaphorina citri is known for being a vector for citrus greening disease, which is a significant factor for the health of citrus ecosystems.

Economic Impact

As a vector of citrus greening disease, it has a significant negative economic impact on the citrus industry due to the disease's devastating effects on citrus crops.

Evolution

The genus Diaphorina has undergone evolutionary adaptations for its role as a vector in disease transmission among citrus crops.

Similar Taxa

Diaphorina cf. continua

Misconceptions

Many people confuse the Asian citrus psyllid with aphids, but they are distinct in behavior and physical characteristics.