Aphis

Linnaeus, 1758

Species Guides

Aphis asclepiadis(Dogwood-Milkweed Aphid)
Aphis aurantii(Black Citrus Aphid)
Aphis ceanothi(California Lilac Aphid)
Aphis cephalanthi(Buttonbush aphid)
Aphis coreopsidis(Tupelo-blackjack Aphid)
Aphis cornifoliae
Aphis craccae(Tufted Vetch Aphid)
Aphis craccivora(cowpea aphid)
Aphis fabae(black bean aphid)

Aphis is a large of aphids in the Aphididae containing at least 400–600 . The genus includes numerous significant agricultural pests, notably the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), and apple aphid (Aphis pomi). Many species form mutualistic associations with ants (myrmecophily), exchanging honeydew for protection. Species identification within the genus often requires examination of morphological characters such as siphunculi and cauda structure.

Aphis neogillettei by (c) Healthy Yards, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Healthy Yards. Used under a CC-BY license.

Aphis varians by (c) Jared Shorma, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Jared Shorma. Used under a CC-BY license.

Aphis aurantii by no rights reserved, uploaded by Jesse Rorabaugh. Used under a CC0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Aphis: /ˈeɪfɪs/

These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.

Identification

Members of Aphis are small, soft-bodied aphids with paired tubular siphunculi (cornicles) on the and a cauda (tail-like structure) between them. -level identification typically requires microscopic examination of these structures, along with body coloration, plant association, and presence or absence of wax secretions. The is distinguished from related genera primarily by combinations of siphuncular and caudal .

Images

Habitat

occupy diverse terrestrial , with most associated with herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees. Many are restricted to specific plants; some alternate between primary woody hosts and secondary herbaceous hosts seasonally. Agricultural and horticultural environments frequently support pest species.

Distribution

distribution with present on all continents except Antarctica. Individual species vary in range from restricted endemics to widespread pests.

Diet

All are phloem feeders, extracting plant sap with . Specific associations vary by species, with some highly specialized on single plant and others across multiple plant .

Life Cycle

is primarily parthenogenetic viviparity, with females producing live offspring without mating during favorable conditions. Sexual morphs (males and females) typically appear in autumn, producing . Many exhibit complex with alternation between primary and secondary .

Behavior

Colonial is typical, with forming on new growth and undersides of leaves. Many engage in with ants, secreting honeydew that ants collect in exchange for protection from and . release from siphunculi triggers responses when colonies are disturbed.

Ecological Role

As phloem feeders, they function as herbivores and nutrient cyclers, transferring plant assimilates to soil through honeydew. They serve as prey for diverse including lady beetles, lacewings, and . - mutualisms modify local structure by increasing ant activity and reducing predator access.

Human Relevance

Multiple are major agricultural and horticultural pests causing direct damage through feeding, indirect damage via honeydew and , and virus transmission. Notable pests include Aphis glycines (soybean), Aphis gossypii (cotton, cucurbits), Aphis fabae (beans, beets), Aphis pomi (apple), and Aphis spiraecola (citrus). Management relies on , cultivars, and selective use.

Similar Taxa

MyzusSimilar small ; distinguished by shorter siphunculi and different antennal development
MacrosiphumOverlapping ranges and appearance; typically has longer siphunculi and more pronounced antennal than Aphis
RhopalosiphumSimilar body shape and cornicle structure; often requires examination of abdominal pigmentation patterns and specificity for separation

More Details

Myrmecophily

Many Aphis , including A. coreopsidis and A. fabae, are documented myrmecophiles, forming facultative or obligate associations with ants. These relationships influence colony survival, distribution, and exposure to natural enemies.

Notable pest species

Aphis glycines (soybean aphid) is a major pest in North America, first detected in 2000, causing yield losses up to 40% and developing resistance. Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) and Aphis pomi (apple aphid) are globally significant crop pests.