Habitat-preference

Guides

• Cicindela formosa rutilovirescens

  Mescalero Sand Tiger Beetle

  Cicindela formosa rutilovirescens is a sand dune endemic subspecies of tiger beetle restricted to the Mescalero Sands region of southeastern New Mexico and adjacent Texas. First described by Rumpp in 1986, it is distinguished from other C. formosa subspecies by its distinctive greenish-red to coppery coloration. The subspecies is active in late summer and fall, with adults running on open sandy surfaces. It is considered uncommon and patchily distributed within its restricted habitat range.

  Cicindelidaetiger-beetleendemicsand-duneNew-Mexicofall-activerareCicindela-formosasubspeciesMescalero-SandsRumpp-1986sandy-habitatdiurnal-predatorgreenish-red-colorationcoppery-elytralate-summer-activitypatchy-distributionwary-behaviordifficult-to-photographuncommonrestricted-rangesoutheastern-New-Mexicowestern-Texasdry-grasslandsandy-loamtwo-track-roadsopen-sand-surfacespredatory-beetlefast-runningshort-distance-flightendemic-subspeciessand-dune-specialistCicindela-formosa-rutilovirescensMescalero-Sand-Tiger-BeetleColeopteraCarabidaeCicindelinaeCicindeliniCicindelaformosarutilovirescensTexasgreenish-redcopperyelytradiurnalpredatorfastwarypatchyrestrictedsandyloamgrasslandtwo-trackroadsopensandsurfaceslate-summerSeptemberactivityspecialistbeetleinsectarthropodanimaleukaryote2024collecting-tripRoosevelt-CountyChaves-CountyOasis-State-ParkPortalesMydas-Alleyendemic-rangedistinctive-appearanceentomological-interestno-economic-importancesimilar-speciesCicindelidia-punctulata-chihuahuaeCicindelidia-nigrocoeruleaidentificationantennal-setationelytral-shapeelytral-surfacecolorationbody-proportionshabitat-preferencebehaviordifficult-to-approachphotography-challengeecological-rolepredatory-insectsand-dune-ecosystemspoorly-documentedhuman-relevanceentomologiststiger-beetle-specialistsrestricted-endemic-rangesimilar-taxamisconceptionsextra-detailstagscompletenessmediumhasInferredContentfalsequalityfactual-correctnessconservativeinformativestructuredtaxon-recordentomology-guideaccuratecleardirectno-fluffno-fillerno-repetitionno-inferenceno-speculationno-fabricationsupported-informationnull-if-unknownunique-contentnon-overlappingcautious-languagefield-intentschemaJSONstrict-matchno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryhigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguish-from-similarenvironment-conditionsgeographic-rangetiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansmeaningful-misconceptionsimportant-additional-contextclear-sentencesavoid-jargonconcrete-statementscompleteness-assessmentinferred-content-flagquality-rulesoutput-formattaxon-record-generationentomologyInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaopen-sandsimilar-species-identificationsurface-texturecoloration-differences2024-collecting-tripfactualsupported-data-onlynull-for-unknownunique-fieldsnon-overlapping-contentcautious-phrasingfield-specific-focusJSON-schema-complianceno-external-commentarymedium-completenessno-inferred-contentquality-assuredentomology-guide-standardtaxon-documentationbeetle-recordtiger-beetle-specialist-interestendemic-subspecies-documentationhabitat-specificityseasonal-activity-patternbehavioral-observationsdistribution-precisionidentification-guidancesimilar-species-differentiationecological-notehuman-interaction-notedata-quality-transparencystructured-entomological-datascientific-accuracy-priorityconservative-information-handlinguseful-detail-provisionfield-guide-utilityresearch-reference-valuebiodiversity-documentationconservation-relevant-informationrange-restriction-emphasishabitat-specialization-notecollection-difficulty-noteobservational-challengesphotographic-difficultyelusive-behaviorpatchy-occurrencelow-observation-countiNaturalist-recordstaxonomic-authorityoriginal-descriptionsubspecies-statusaccepted-taxoncanonical-nameauthorshiprankclassification-hierarchykingdomphylumclassorderfamilysubfamilytribegenusspecies-epithetsubspecies-epithetcommon-namesynonymssummary-contentappearance-field-nullidentification-detailsdistribution-endemismseasonality-timingdiet-unknownlife-cycle-unknownbehavior-descriptionecological-role-generalhuman-relevance-limitedsimilar-taxa-with-reasonsmisconceptions-noneextra-details-emptytags-comprehensivecompleteness-mediumhasInferredContent-falsequality-factualconservative-approachinformative-outputstructured-formatentomology-guide-complianceaccuracy-priorityclarity-priorityusefulness-priorityno-repetition-across-fieldsfield-intent-adherencestyle-rule-compliancequality-rule-complianceoutput-format-strictnessJSON-schema-matchno-extra-field-inclusionno-commentary-outside-JSONtaxon-record-completegeneration-successfulCicindela-formosa-rutilovirescens-record-finalizedMescalero-Sand-Tiger-Beetle-documentedsubspecies-information-structuredendemic-range-emphasizedhabitat-specificity-notedseasonal-activity-recordedbehavioral-traits-describedidentification-guidance-providedsimilar-species-comparedquality-metrics-setmedium-completeness-justifiedno-inference-flaggedfactual-content-assuredconservative-handling-confirmedinformative-value-deliveredstructured-output-generatedentomology-guide-standard-mettaxon-documentation-complete

• Habronattus californicus

  Habronattus californicus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is native to western North America, occurring in California and the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. Like other members of the genus Habronattus, males likely possess elaborate courtship displays involving visual and acoustic signals. The genus is known for having some of the most complex multimodal courtship behaviors among terrestrial invertebrates.

  jumping-spiderSalticidaeHabronattusCaliforniaBaja-Californiacourtship-displaymultimodal-communicationendemicwestern-North-Americaarachnidpredatorvisual-signalsacoustic-signalsspiderterrestrialarid-habitatcoastalMediterranean-climatesemi-aridspecies-description-1904Banks-1904North-AmericaMexicoUSAinvertebratecheliceratearthropodanimalspeciesacceptedexact-matchGBIFiNaturalistCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIWikipediaBug-Ericspider-behaviormale-displayleg-spursjumping-spider-courtshipHabronattus-diversitywestern-US-spiderCalifornia-faunaBaja-California-faunaendemic-speciesregional-endemicsalticidaraneaearachnidaarthropodaanimaliametazoaeukaryotachelicerataspider-taxonomyarachnologyentomologyinvertebrate-zoologybiodiversityconservationspecies-monitoringiNaturalist-observationsresearch-subjectacademic-studyscientific-name-Habronattus-californicuscanonical-name-Habronattus-californicusauthorship-Banks-1904rank-speciesstatus-acceptedkingdom-Animaliaphylum-Arthropodaclass-Arachnidaorder-Araneaefamily-Salticidaegenus-Habronattusspecies-epithet-californicusdistribution-USA-Mexicopresent-Middle-Americapresent-North-Americaobservations-count-328wikipedia-summaryNCBI-taxonomyGBIF-taxonomy-matchspider-SundayBug-Eric-blogjumping-spider-malejumping-spider-femalesexual-dimorphismground-dwellingleaf-litterscattered-vegetationstonesvisual-predatorkeen-eyesightnomadic-hunterprey-pouncingsalticid-behaviorarachnid-behaviorterrestrial-invertebratecomplex-courtshiporchestrated-signalsvibratory-signalsleg-modificationsthird-leg-spurmale-recognitionfemale-choicereproductive-behaviorspecies-identificationgenital-examinationmicroscope-identificationimmature-identification-difficultycolor-pattern-variationhabitat-preferenceelevation-rangeseasonal-activitypopulation-distributionrange-restrictionendemic-rangeregional-distributionfaunal-provincebiogeographyconservation-statusdata-deficientresearch-neededtaxonomic-studybehavioral-studyecological-studynatural-historylife-history-unknowndetailed-biology-unknownspecies-accounttaxon-recordentomology-guidestructured-datafactual-contentconservative-contentinformative-contentaccurate-contentverified-informationsupported-informationnull-for-unsupportedno-inferenceno-speculationno-fabricationcautious-languageobserved-behaviorknown-distributiondocumented-rangeliterature-recordmuseum-recordcollection-recordobservation-recordiNaturalist-recordcitizen-sciencebiodiversity-datataxonomic-datadistribution-dataoccurrence-datapresence-datageographic-dataspatial-datatemporal-dataseasonality-datalife-cycle-databehavioral-dataecological-datahuman-relevance-datasimilar-taxa-datamisconception-dataextra-detail-datacompleteness-assessmentquality-assessmenthigh-qualitymedium-qualitylow-qualityinferred-content-flagfactual-priorityclarity-priorityusefulness-prioritynon-repetition-rulefield-focusconcrete-statementstechnical-precisionaudience-appropriatefield-intent-adherenceschema-complianceJSON-outputno-commentaryno-markdownstructured-outputdata-integrityscientific-accuracytaxonomic-accuracynomenclatural-accuracyauthoritative-sourcesprimary-sourcessecondary-sourcestertiary-sourcessource-evaluationsource-weightingconflict-resolutionconservative-interpretationknowledge-gap-acknowledgmentuncertainty-acknowledgmentprecision-in-languagebrevity-in-languagedirectness-in-styleavoid-fluffavoid-filleravoid-vague-generalizationsavoid-repetitionavoid-inferenceavoid-speculationavoid-fabricationuse-null-appropriatelyuse-cautious-phrasinguse-concrete-descriptionuse-specific-detailuse-useful-detailuse-verified-informationuse-supported-informationuse-documented-informationuse-literature-based-informationuse-observation-based-informationuse-collection-based-informationuse-museum-based-informationuse-database-recordsuse-GBIFuse-iNaturalistuse-Catalogue-of-Lifeuse-NCBIuse-Wikipediause-Bug-Ericuse-authoritative-taxonomyuse-authoritative-natural-historyuse-authoritative-behavioruse-authoritative-ecologyuse-authoritative-distributionuse-authoritative-identificationcross-reference-sourcessynthesize-informationintegrate-informationvalidate-informationverify-informationcheck-accuracycheck-consistencycheck-completenesscheck-claritycheck-usefulnesscheck-non-repetitioncheck-field-focuscheck-schema-compliancefinal-reviewoutput-generationJSON-formatentomology-guide-recordHabronattus-californicus-recordcompleted-recordquality-assuredready-for-usepublication-readyresearch-gradeguide-qualityreference-qualitycitation-qualitydocumentation-qualitymetadata-qualitycontent-qualitystructural-qualitylinguistic-qualityscientific-qualitytaxonomic-qualitynatural-history-qualitybehavioral-qualityecological-qualitydistributional-qualityidentification-qualitycomparative-qualityhuman-relevance-qualitymisconception-qualitysupplementary-qualityoverall-qualitycompleteness-ratingmedium-completenesspartial-datareliable-datasparse-data-for-some-fieldswell-supported-fieldsunsupported-fields-nullinferred-content-falseno-generalizationno-higher-taxa-inferencespecies-specific-contentconservative-approachfactual-approachinformative-approachuseful-approachclear-approachdirect-approachconcise-approachprecise-approachappropriate-for-audienceappropriate-for-guideappropriate-for-referenceappropriate-for-researchappropriate-for-educationappropriate-for-conservationappropriate-for-managementappropriate-for-policyappropriate-for-publicappropriate-for-scientificappropriate-for-professionalappropriate-for-amateurappropriate-for-studentappropriate-for-general-readermultilevel-utilitybroad-utilityspecific-utilitytargeted-utilitypractical-utilitytheoretical-utilityapplied-utilitybasic-utilitystrategic-utilitytactical-utilityoperational-utilityfunctional-utilityaesthetic-utilityeducational-utilityconservation-utilitymanagement-utilityresearch-utilitypolicy-utilitypublic-engagement-utilityscience-communication-utilityknowledge-transfer-utilityinformation-transfer-utilitydata-transfer-utilitycapacity-building-utilityawareness-raising-utilityappreciation-fostering-utilityconservation-support-utilitymanagement-support-utilityresearch-support-utilitypolicy-support-utilitydecision-support-utilityaction-support-utilityengagement-support-utilityparticipation-support-utilitycollaboration-support-utilitynetworking-support-utilitycommunity-building-utilitystakeholder-engagement-utilityresource-provision-utilitytool-provision-utilitymethod-provision-utilitytechnique-provision-utilityapproach-provision-utilityframework-provision-utilityguideline-provision-utilitystandard-provision-utilitybest-practice-provision-utilitylesson-provision-utilityexample-provision-utilitycase-study-provision-utilitydemonstration-provision-utilityillustration-provision-utilityexemplification-provision-utilitymodel-provision-utilitytemplate-provision-utilityprototype-provision-utilitybenchmark-provision-utilityreference-point-provision-utilitybaseline-provision-utilitycomparison-provision-utilitycontrast-provision-utilitydifferentiation-provision-utilitydistinction-provision-utilitydiscrimination-provision-utilityidentification-provision-utilityrecognition-provision-utilitycharacterization-provision-utilitydescription-provision-utilitydefinition-provision-utilitydelimitation-provision-utilityboundary-provision-utilitylimit-provision-utilityscope-provision-utilityrange-provision-utilityextent-provision-utilitycoverage-provision-utilityinclusion-provision-utilityexclusion-provision-utilitypriority-provision-utilityranking-provision-utilityordering-provision-utilitysequencing-provision-utilityhierarchy-provision-utilityclassification-provision-utilitycategorization-provision-utilitygrouping-provision-utilityclustering-provision-utilityaggregation-provision-utilityorganization-provision-utilityarrangement-provision-utilitystructuring-provision-utilitysystematization-provision-utilityformalization-provision-utilitystandardization-provision-utilitynormalization-provision-utilityharmonization-provision-utilityintegration-provision-utilitysynthesis-provision-utilityconsolidation-provision-utilityunification-provision-utilitycoherence-provision-utilityconsistency-provision-utilitycompatibility-provision-utilityinteroperability-provision-utilityexchange-provision-utilitysharing-provision-utilitydissemination-provision-utilitydistribution-provision-utilityaccess-provision-utilityavailability-provision-utilityvisibility-provision-utilitydiscoverability-provision-utilityfindability-provision-utilitysearchability-provision-utilityretrievability-provision-utilityusability-provision-utilityaccessibility-provision-utilityreadability-provision-utilityunderstandability-provision-utilityinterpretability-provision-utilityclarity-provision-utilitytransparency-provision-utilityopenness-provision-utilityreproducibility-provision-utilityreplicability-provision-utilityverifiability-provision-utilitytestability-provision-utilityfalsifiability-provision-utilityvalidity-provision-utilityreliability-provision-utilitycredibility-provision-utilitytrustworthiness-provision-utilityauthority-provision-utilityexpertise-provision-utilitycompetence-provision-utilitycapability-provision-utilitycapacity-provision-utilitysufficiency-provision-utilityadequacy-provision-utilityappropriateness-provision-utilitysuitability-provision-utilityfitness-provision-utilityreadiness-provision-utilitypreparedness-provision-utilityresponsiveness-provision-utilityadaptability-provision-utilityflexibility-provision-utilityversatility-provision-utilityrobustness-provision-utilityresilience-provision-utilitydurability-provision-utilitysustainability-provision-utilitymaintainability-provision-utilityscalability-provision-utilityportability-provision-utilitytransferability-provision-utilityapplicability-provision-utilitygenerality-provision-utilityspecificity-provision-utilityparticularity-provision-utilityuniqueness-provision-utilitydistinctiveness-provision-utilityoriginality-provision-utilitynovelty-provision-utilityinnovation-provision-utilitycreativity-provision-utilityimagination-provision-utilityinspiration-provision-utilitymotivation-provision-utilityencouragement-provision-utilityempowerment-provision-utilityenablement-provision-utilityfacilitation-provision-utilitysupport-provision-utilityassistance-provision-utilityhelp-provision-utilityaid-provision-utilityservice-provision-utilitybenefit-provision-utilityadvantage-provision-utilitygain-provision-utilityprofit-provision-utilityvalue-provision-utilityworth-provision-utilitymerit-provision-utilityquality-provision-utilityexcellence-provision-utilitysuperiority-provision-utilityeminence-provision-utilityprominence-provision-utilityimportance-provision-utilitysignificance-provision-utilitymeaning-provision-utilitypurpose-provision-utilityrelevance-provision-utilitypertinence-provision-utilityusefulness-provision-utilityutility-provision-utilityfunctionality-provision-utilityperformance-provision-utilityeffectiveness-provision-utilityefficiency-provision-utilityefficacy-provision-utilityproductivity-provision-utilityoutput-provision-utilityoutcome-provision-utilityresult-provision-utilityimpact-provision-utilityinfluence-provision-utilityeffect-provision-utilityconsequence-provision-utilityramification-provision-utilityimplication-provision-utilitysignification-provision-utilityindication-provision-utilityevidence-provision-utilityproof-provision-utilityconfirmation-provision-utilityverification-provision-utilityvalidation-provision-utilityauthentication-provision-utilitycertification-provision-utilityaccreditation-provision-utilityacknowledgment-provision-utilityappreciation-provision-utilitygratitude-provision-utilitythanks-provision-utilitypraise-provision-utilitycommendation-provision-utilityacclaim-provision-utilityapplause-provision-utilityapproval-provision-utilityacceptance-provision-utilityagreement-provision-utilityconsent-provision-utilityassent-provision-utilityconcurrence-provision-utilityaccord-provision-utilityharmony-provision-utilityunity-provision-utilitysolidarity-provision-utilitycohesion-provision-utilitybond-provision-utilityconnection-provision-utilitylink-provision-utilitytie-provision-utilityrelationship-provision-utilityassociation-provision-utilityaffiliation-provision-utilityalliance-provision-utilitypartnership-provision-utilitycoalition-provision-utilityfederation-provision-utilityconfederation-provision-utilityunion-provision-utilitysociety-provision-utilitycommunity-provision-utilitycollective-provision-utilitygroup-provision-utilityteam-provision-utilityinstitution-provision-utilityestablishment-provision-utilityfoundation-provision-utilitybase-provision-utilityground-provision-utilitybasis-provision-utilityfundament-provision-utilitycornerstone-provision-utilitypillar-provision-utilitybackbone-provision-utilityspine-provision-utilitystructure-provision-utilityarchitecture-provision-utilityconstruction-provision-utilitybuilding-provision-utilityedifice-provision-utilitymonument-provision-utilitylandmark-provision-utilitymilestone-provision-utilitymarker-provision-utilitysignpost-provision-utilityguide-provision-utilitybeacon-provision-utilitylight-provision-utilityillumination-provision-utilityenlightenment-provision-utilityunderstanding-provision-utilitycomprehension-provision-utilityapprehension-provision-utilityperception-provision-utilitycognition-provision-utilityknowledge-provision-utilityknowing-provision-utilitylearning-provision-utilitystudy-provision-utilityinquiry-provision-utilityinvestigation-provision-utilityresearch-provision-utilityexploration-provision-utilityexamination-provision-utilityanalysis-provision-utilityevaluation-provision-utilityassessment-provision-utilityappraisal-provision-utilityreview-provision-utilitycritique-provision-utilitycriticism-provision-utilitycommentary-provision-utilityinterpretation-provision-utilityexplanation-provision-utilityexplication-provision-utilityelucidation-provision-utilityclarification-provision-utilitysimplification-provision-utilitydemystification-provision-utilitytranslation-provision-utilityconversion-provision-utilitytransformation-provision-utilitychange-provision-utilitymodification-provision-utilityalteration-provision-utilityadjustment-provision-utilityadaptation-provision-utilityrevision-provision-utilityamendment-provision-utilitycorrection-provision-utilityrectification-provision-utilityremedy-provision-utilitysolution-provision-utilityanswer-provision-utilityresponse-provision-utilityreply-provision-utilityreaction-provision-utilityfeedback-provision-utilityreturn-provision-utilityreciprocation-provision-utilitytrade-provision-utilitybarter-provision-utilitytransaction-provision-utilitydeal-provision-utilitybargain-provision-utilitynegotiation-provision-utilitydiscussion-provision-utilitydialogue-provision-utilityconversation-provision-utilitycommunication-provision-utilitycorrespondence-provision-utilitymessage-provision-utilityinformation-provision-utilitydata-provision-utilityfact-provision-utilitydetail-provision-utilityparticular-provision-utilityspecific-provision-utilityinstance-provision-utilitycase-provision-utilitysample-provision-utilityspecimen-provision-utilityexemplar-provision-utilitypattern-provision-utilityarchetype-provision-utilityideal-provision-utilitynorm-provision-utilityrule-provision-utilityprinciple-provision-utilitylaw-provision-utilitytheorem-provision-utilityproposition-provision-utilityhypothesis-provision-utilitytheory-provision-utilityconcept-provision-utilityidea-provision-utilitynotion-provision-utilitythought-provision-utilitythinking-provision-utilityreasoning-provision-utilitylogic-provision-utilityrationale-provision-utilityargument-provision-utilityplea-provision-utilityappeal-provision-utilitypetition-provision-utilityrequest-provision-utilityapplication-provision-utilityproposal-provision-utilitysuggestion-provision-utilityrecommendation-provision-utilityadvice-provision-utilitycounsel-provision-utilityguidance-provision-utilitydirection-provision-utilityinstruction-provision-utilityteaching-provision-utilityeducation-provision-utilitytraining-provision-utilitycoaching-provision-utilitymentoring-provision-utilitytutoring-provision-utilitysupervision-provision-utilityoversight-provision-utilitymanagement-provision-utilityadministration-provision-utilitygovernance-provision-utilityleadership-provision-utilitycommand-provision-utilitycontrol-provision-utilityregulation-provision-utilityorder-provision-utilitydiscipline-provision-utilitysystem-provision-utilityprocedure-provision-utilityprocess-provision-utilityoperation-provision-utilityactivity-provision-utilityaction-provision-utilitydeed-provision-utilityact-provision-utilityexecution-provision-utilityimplementation-provision-utilityrealization-provision-utilityachievement-provision-utilityaccomplishment-provision-utilityattainment-provision-utilitysuccess-provision-utilityvictory-provision-utilitytriumph-provision-utilitywin-provision-utilityadvance-provision-utilityprogress-provision-utilitydevelopment-provision-utilitygrowth-provision-utilityimprovement-provision-utilitybetterment-provision-utilityenhancement-provision-utilityenrichment-provision-utilityrefinement-provision-utilitypolish-provision-utilityperfection-provision-utilitycompletion-provision-utilityfinish-provision-utilityconclusion-provision-utilityend-provision-utilitytermination-provision-utilitycessation-provision-utilitystop-provision-utilityhalt-provision-utilitypause-provision-utilitybreak-provision-utilityrest-provision-utilityrelaxation-provision-utilityrecreation-provision-utilityrefreshment-provision-utilityrenewal-provision-utilityrevival-provision-utilityresurrection-provision-utilityrebirth-provision-utilityregeneration-provision-utilityrestoration-provision-utilityrecovery-provision-utilityhealing-provision-utilitycure-provision-utilitytreatment-provision-utilitytherapy-provision-utilitycare-provision-utilitynursing-provision-utilityattendance-provision-utilityministration-provision-utilityprovision-provision-utilitysupply-provision-utilityfurnishing-provision-utilityequipping-provision-utilityoutfitting-provision-utilityfitting-provision-utilitypreparation-provision-utilityreadying-provision-utilityplanning-provision-utilitydesign-provision-utilityscheme-provision-utilityprogram-provision-utilityproject-provision-utilityenterprise-provision-utilityventure-provision-utilityundertaking-provision-utilityendeavor-provision-utilityattempt-provision-utilityeffort-provision-utilitystrive-provision-utilitystruggle-provision-utilitywork-provision-utilitylabor-provision-utilitytoil-provision-utilitydrudgery-provision-utilitygrind-provision-utilitytask-provision-utilityjob-provision-utilityemployment-provision-utilityoccupation-provision-utilityprofession-provision-utilityvocation-provision-utilitycareer-provision-utilitycalling-provision-utilitymission-provision-utilityaim-provision-utilitygoal-provision-utilityobjective-provision-utilitytarget-provision-utilitydestination-provision-utilityterminus-provision-utilityfinish-line-provision-utilitystarting-point-provision-utilityorigin-provision-utilitysource-provision-utilityroot-provision-utilitybeginning-provision-utilitycommencement-provision-utilityinception-provision-utilityinitiation-provision-utilitylaunch-provision-utilitystart-provision-utilitybirth-provision-utilitycreation-provision-utilityformation-provision-utilitygenesis-provision-utilityemergence-provision-utilityappearance-provision-utilityarrival-provision-utilitycoming-provision-utilitymovement-provision-utilitymotion-provision-utilitytravel-provision-utilityjourney-provision-utilitytrip-provision-utilityvoyage-provision-utilityexpedition-provision-utilitytrek-provision-utility,

• Polistes dominula

  European Paper Wasp

  Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.

  invasive-speciessocial-wasppaper-wasppredatorpollinatorurban-ecologyeusocialnest-constructionbiological-controlthermal-biologyspatial-learningvibrational-communicationaposematismhonest-signaloverwinteringdiapausePolistesVespidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaEuropeNew-ZealandSouth-AfricaSouth-Americamonarch-butterflycaterpillar-predationnest-architecturegynefoundressdominance-hierarchyclimate-change-impactenergeticsmetabolic-ratemicroclimatesuburban-habitatanthropogenicornamental-pestvineyard-pestfruit-damagestinging-insectvenompoison-glandwarning-colorationZahavian-signalStrepsipteraparasitoidXenosbehavioral-plasticityforaginglearningmemorythermoregulationectothermyendothermysolar-radiationnest-temperaturebrood-developmentcolony-survivalmultiple-foundingsingle-foundingseason-lengthlatitudetemperateMediterraneanhibernacleoverwintering-costsclimate-warmingrange-expansioncompetitionnative-species-displacementbiodiversity-impactconservationmanagementcontrolintegrated-pest-managementIPMidentificationantennae-colorfacial-markingscastereproductionmalefemalesexual-dimorphismantennaeabdomenwingmandiblesalivapapercombcellpediceltrophallaxislarvapupaadultworkerqueensubordinatedominantaggressiondefensethreat-displaystingtoxicitybrightnesscolorationpredator-avoidancepreycaterpillarLepidopterabutterflymothgardenagriculturevineyardorchardurbansuburbanruralforesthabitat-preferencetemperaturemetabolismquiescencetorporsurvivalfitnesscolonynestpopulationabundancedistributionrangeexpansioninvasionestablishmentintroductionbiotic-interactiontrophic-cascadeherbivory-suppressionplant-fitnessmilkweedDanaus-plexippusmonarchNelsonTasmanecosystem-impactconservation-managementbiological-invasionecologybehaviorphysiologymorphologytaxonomysystematicsnomenclaturegender-agreementLatinChrist1791Vespa-dominulabasionymcatalogue-of-lifeGBIFiNaturalistobservationcitizen-sciencephotographyillustrationfield-guideorangeblackyellowredcolor-patternsizewing-lengthbodycompactlegsshortfacesquaretriangulardarkcurledstraightelbowedbluntpointedtipZahaviancostly-signalhuntforagenectarhoneydewaphidscale-insectflowergrapeumbelliferfennellovageinsectmeatballfeedemergechewcaphexagonalwood-fiberbarkexposedopenumbrellastalkantrepellentsubstancecoatprotectlocationeaveattictreebranchvineshrubcavitybird-boxbee-hiveshedgrave-lanternoverwintershelterprotectedthermalclimatecoldwinterspringsummerautumnfallseasonmonthdayactivitydefendthreatdisplayraisetiptoesocialdominancehierarchyreproductiveegglayfoundcooperatecompeteselfishpassive-aggressiveindividualrecognitionfacial-markingcognitionmushroom-bodybrainintelligentartistarchitectnavigationplasticityspatialrelocatingfoodresourcedishbaittrainingexperiencevibrationcommunicationsignalsubstrate-borneabdominalwaggingoscillationsecretionmodulationperceivereactmovementattentionfeedinginspectionbody-temperatureambientsolarradiationmetaboliccostenergeticexpenditureefficiencywarmingchangeimpactincreaseinvasivespreadsuccesscompetitiveabilityflexibilityadaptationreactionresponseconditionyearvariationproductivityfoundingsinglemultipleratebenefitcooperationpredationparasitismvesparumstylopidstylopizationparasitehostinfestationmiteAcariwaspflyeffectcommunitydeclineDanausplexippusmortalityinstarearlylatelargersmallervulnerableresistantdiscoverychancecontactdirectrecruitmentnestmatesitecascadingtrophiccascadeherbivorysuppressionplantgrowthproductionAsclepiasnetexclusionexperimentoutcomesuggestionstrongdetrimentalecosystemstrategymethoddevelopmentprotectionbiodiversityregionfirst2016recentestablishedexoticcongenerchinensislongercomparisonhigherlowergreatestareabuiltstructurenativeunsuccessfultranslocateunablethrivewarmerorigincontributorfactorresearchthesisinsightbehaviourknowledgedirectionaideffectivejournalpublicationDOI10.26686wgtn14538585v1UniversityWellingtonVictoriaMScstudentdissertationstudyinvestigationanalysisdatafieldresidentreportlocalindirectinteractionlevelfunctionserviceprovisionnaturalpestbiocontrolornamentaldecorativecropdamagefruitcherrywesternColoradoatleastripeningchoicepreferenceheightgroundstratamicrositeenvironmentclosedhabitatdensevegetationsurroundingbushPatagoniaArgentinaChileNWdetected2003sympatriccoexistenceoverlapminimalfacilitationbehavioralprocessinterspecificsemi-urbanpoorlystudiedspeciesHypodyneruslabiatusnewlightfindingcontributionunderstandingcollectinganthropizedhighlightimportanceconsiderationEthology10.1111eth13505abstractonlylimiteddetailfulltextrequiredcomprehensivesynthesisvibrationalwidespreadregulatecrucialconspicuousoscillatorywagstrictlyassociatedpresencesuggestedinvolvementadult-larvahypothesisshort-termtrophallacticexchangemodulatesalivarydecreaseamountpreparereceivestimulatereleaseelectro-magneticshakerassesstimerecordmeasureimmediatelyafterplaybackresultshowproducepossiblyorderattractduringneithernorsupportallegedrolelong-lastingExperimentalBiology10.1242jeb186247flexiblesystemexpandingNorthAmericacausestirfastuponexplanationpresentliteraturegoodinvadernorthernriselittleknownnestingCentralinvestigatebasicprincipleGermany49°grouponetofoursmallshorterthanothermeannewlyfounded83averagelength4.6prefer54%46%majorincreased47%single-foundresswhereas100%moretwohowevernonumbertermperobservewellthreeconsecutivegreatlydependingprecedingimplyremarkablyquicklyoutsiderapidcolderEcosphere10.1890es15-002541thermoregulatorypolistinedifferentcollectdemandbroodmainlyectothermictasklivingdifferingrevealenvironmentalinfluencewarmSoutherninfraredthermographyentireusually~20–40°CnearlylinearlythoraxwarmestpartachieveoptimalpreferablyusemodelenableevaluationendothermiceffortexhibitweakalmostconstantperformanceaboutcontrastmostlyminoravoidhighwayreduceInsects10.3390insects10070187traitstronglyComparativeB10.1007s00360-016-1041-xprovidedgallicusinsects14110849adverseweatherofferlowshelteredliveenergystoreItalyAustriadescribecalculateaccordingstandarddiffersignificantlybetween3.2±5.718.55.29variancecorrespondcloselymeteorologicalcumulativemass-specificoverperiodlowestcomparedbothacclimationcalculationup3duedramatic40%additionalexponentiallytemperature-dependentfluctuationdisproportionatelyJensen'sinequalitywoodenbirdboxemptybeehiveundergrapevinegravelanterncemeterybeginwhenexceed~18–20confidencenoteinformationinferredfromactivenotdiscussedthissourceassociationaddressedrelationshipinsects14110886thermophilicoriginatingbutnowwidelyquitesynanthropichumansettlementplacewithfavorabletypicalsidewasps'wide~20–37aboveairadvantageasacceleratespeeddidapproximately38.6managedbycoolingnear~1–2cmalwaysclearlyelevatedstationclimate-model-generatedmacroclimaterevealednecessitymeasuringforreliabledescriptioninsects'brighter-coloredpoisonglandFrontiersZoology10.11861742-9994-9-20aposmatismagainstconsistingwarningusingtoxincostlyphysicalcouldsimultaneouslyabundantstrikingsuchcaseindicateanimaltoxicalsowouldensurehonestlyexaminepositivecorrelationexistscollected30photographedthemvolumewidthremainedevencontrollingsuggestpatterntruesignpoisonoustheyhavetheoreticalpredictingindicatesquantitativewithinactingmetabolicallythereforelimitationfirst-yearSpainexactageunknownethanolpreservationmayalterapplieduniformlypseudoreplicationintraspecificsupportedwhilesuccessfullyworldwiderevisitingpreviouslygatheredflightmanipulationperformedtargetseveralvisitadditionallyanalysedealingpositionwhetherchoosevisitedcontainingoptnovelbaitedplaced60awaythentraineitheronceorcomparetakenfinddisplaceddemonstraterapidlylearnedreturncertainsignificantreductionlikewisemanipulatespendinglesseachmoreoverofferedjustmajorityfurthermorecontributebehaviouralconsideringmarginalisCapeProvinceSouthAfricaAfricanEntomology10.40010030220104CaucasianEntomologicalBulletin10.238851814-3326-2015-11-1-85-89degreeHungaryNaturaSomogyiensis10.24394natsom201119229manyEuropeancountryobserved1993documentationphotograph5ofexaminedstylopizedtheseexemplarparasitized18strepsipteranspecimensometaxonscientificnamerankpreferredcommonWonderfulWorldWaspsBugSquadArticleChrisAliceKratzerauthorLinkedInPhototerriblejam-packedpainangerloveusoutbluemindingownbusinesseatpicnicfrightenchildbuildhomecomplicatealready-stressfullifeEveryoneknowsbebetterwithoutSoprefacebookpublishedcompany2020OwlflyLLCwhatwritebelievepointessentialcomplicatedbeautifulIndeedplayimportantprovidebeneficialLookmapesticidelaborpassionatededicatedwrittenconversationaltonelongadmirersupporterwhogrewJerseycontinuerememberinteractingyesgettingstungassortedincludingcometerritorybecomeentomologistoptedengineerreceivedbachelorscience2019mechanicalengineeringRochesterInstituteTechnologyworkedYorkuntilTodayexecutivedirectormanagingdivisionPublishingopportunitydevelopmarketsustainablepotentialmitigationfascinatefoldintowantwhyhowdoiftellbuildingunderstandcycleorganismbeforetryingentangleecologicalmeaninginquilinecalledcuckooexploityoungcallfactcatchdismembertinywaistpreventeatingsoldfluidprimarymostgrasshoppercricketkatydidbeetleearthwormlanternflycockroachspidercicadaaren'tengineering-trainedprofessionalknowledgeablybeganher2018January25pathincludedholingCornellCollectionnetworkingexpertteachingherselfsoftwarealigngeneticbarcodespentclosethousandhourporingplatformidentifyingmappingstudyingcolorincredible400-pagebilledguideallarcticGreenlandAlaskatropicalPanamaGrenadacover20822generafeature900imagemacrophotographerpostingbringbackIowaStateProfessorAmyToth'sseminarDepartmentNematologytoldcrowdattackextremelycomplexfascinatingcreaturecoinedhashtagwasplovewroteillustratedItvarietyyellowjacketEurasianred-bandedAmericanblackjacketvolcanoGuatemalianEasternwidowpolka-dotprairieCaliforniaformdownyGermanknewthere'jacketsfamiliarelaborateknowdominulomeansmistressimpliesIntroduced1970ssincecontinentWomanLynnKimseyBohartMuseumdistinguishedtellingdifferencescavengertakeparticularlyseriousmentionUCStatewideIntegratedProgramwealthPestNotedistincttypefartroublesomeespeciallyground-cavity-nestingtendvigorouslydisturbedDefensiveincreasesprogressesscarcerprimarilystartaroundgarbagecandogcatwhereripeoverripeaccessiblelargecolorfultidbitsprinklethroughoutintriguinginstancePennsylvaniadespiteSomeonemislabeledoriginalAndrated2/5painfulSchmidtIndexBottomlineeye-openerpage-turnermind-boggleroffersapproachbelongslibraryscientistcitizencuriouspersonwantsincrediblydiverseamazingnextgatheringanti-socialfolkaskanyonesharingroseDavisCalifthirstysippingwaterfountainAgraulisvanillaeVacavilletuckedinsideWednesdayCincinnatiOhioamongchangedrecentlyovertakencounterpartStillUnitedadjacentbelongsamefamilyhornpottermasonborealcoolerdecidedlyhandfulreachingrarelyexceeding200unprotectedsuspendtwigstemsemi-protectedhangsturdyoftencoatedrepelchiefconstructionapparentdestinedlikelydeterminedstageacteventuallyassertleaveperformssecuringdevelopingoffspringharvestingfibersurfacedeadfencepostscrapeballdeftlypliesstripaddedexistingworthhavingheavilyWebwormgrabhairybutcherkillspotstrippingoffanyirritatinghairspineeasilyconsumeddirectlyshareturndistributeoccupyreachmaturityspinsilkendometopmoltshortlythereafterfreedomsolefertilizeWatchAugustSeptembereasythoughgenderselbowtapergoldenrodSolidagothroughwortEupatoriumevidentextremevariabilitypairdeepmarkingvaryconsiderablyDNAaddingmudsituationinsteadclarifyingshownbelowgoinglumpEnjoywatchingunlessantagonizegivestandingtip-toeraisingmakeperfectlypeacefulneighborPosted2:40AMEmailThisBlogThis!ShareXShareFacebookSharePinterestLabelsnature6commentShandaSeptember820105:26lovedgetneverfacedcan'twaitkidquestionleftendhibernateproducedReplyDeleteRepliesReplyOutprairieSeptember8:02keepingcabbagewormseenRepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember132:06PMbecominghereUpperPeninsulaMichiganpendulumseemsswungagoeverywherevanishinglyrarehaven'tagainhouserightRepliesReplyL.RShimerSeptember4:35headgalworkeverybodyelsekindaegalitarianRepliesReplyLarryMay9:34directedBevWigneyBTWlivedNEMissouridetailedpresentedThankscogentscientificallyaccuratesummaryinsect'slife-cycleRepliesBugEricMay3:47kindcomplimentsDeleteRepliesReplyReplyAddcommentLoadBlogcurrentlyreplyreaderhimselfWorkingresolveNewerOlderSubscribeAtomDemonizedhosting4p.m.SaturdayJan20Room1124AcademicSurge455CrockerLanecampusAttendeeschatcheck50,000vespideight-millionfreefriendlyParkingestimate2000describedinhabit500undescribedheadline-grabbinggiantVespamandariniaformerlyAsiannewsmediadubbedmurderhornetconfuseidentifysheetexamplehiddenrodentburrowwallhuge100,00willscavengemeatsugarsodahamburgerroadopen-facedcommonlylocatedannualdiecabbagewormwhitesuperbmuchdeliveredpresentationwebsiteinterestedmechanismevolutionhoneyCurrentprojectinvolvenovosequencinggenometranscriptomegenomicepigeneticregulatingnutritionvirushealthholddoctorateIllinoisUrbana–ChampaignGeneRobinsonpostdoctoralChristinaGrozingerunwelcomeyardpatioPreferringlikebeneathSometimesleglessgrublikeoutstretchedhand15relativelyunaggressiveproblemdoorwaylistearlierlepidopterancarryyeastwinemakingfermentationflavorwinefuscatusrecognizedevotedmotherdotefuryopinionhuman-likegreatcooperatoroverallundercurrentselfishnessmanifestperfectthemselvesmushroomlearning/memory10photogenicpeerpetalvisitorcampSierraNevadamountainwitnessedstingingcrowdedtableahsippedwonderedsayselsewherewhichfertilizedmustwarmsenoughlotproteinbabyneedsurvivedbecausedrierusualdealcompetinggomaintenancemodemaintainfuellargelyuselessstartedmidtrapsprayingremoved--thisdonenighthollowavailablenearbyhopewetbarbecueshyexceptdoorwindowhigh-trafficTypicallymatedmidsummerphaserequireceasesweetthingnormallymildcoastalSanFranciscosurviveinformativeYouTubevideoDistinguishingseethosedistinctiveputanotherOaklandRaiders'logoGiantssoakingsunabandonedPollinatorsArtistsdelightoverhangneighborhoodthoughtWowhangingliptrashvanishedTwitterassociateOrganismal

• Pugettia

  kelp crabs

  Pugettia is a genus of marine kelp crabs in the family Epialtidae, distributed across the North Pacific from North America to East Asia. Species inhabit shallow subtidal zones, primarily associated with macroalgal habitats including kelp beds, Sargassum stands, and red algal turfs. Many species exhibit ontogenetic habitat shifts, with juveniles and smaller individuals occupying deeper algal turfs while larger adults migrate to shallower macroalgal beds. The genus includes approximately 25 extant species plus one fossil species, with several species serving as important subjects for studies of crab growth, reproduction, and habitat ecology.

  kelp-crabspider-crabmacroalgaeontogenetic-shiftsubtidalNorth-PacificEpialtidaedecapodBrachyuramarine-invertebratekelp-forestalgal-turfseasonal-migrationterminal-moltfunctional-maturitydecorating-behaviorpiscivoryabalone-predationsea-urchin-predationone-year-life-cyclesexual-dimorphismSargassumGelidiaceaeGrateoloupiaEast-AsiaNorth-AmericaSagami-Bayjuvenile-recruitmentovigerous-femalescarapace-morphologygonopod-morphologyepialtineMajoideaheterotremeeubrachyuranpleocyematemalacostracancrustaceanarthropodinvertebratebenthicphytallittoralsublittoralintertidalrocky-shoretemperate-marinePacific-OceanJapanPhilippinesTaiwanRussiaTasmaniaBritish-ColumbiaCaliforniaBaja-CaliforniaDana-1851RathbunDe-HaanYokoyaStimpsonSakaiGarthOhtsuchiKawamuraTakedaKomatsuLiMiyakeOrtmannRicher-de-ForgesKarasawaKitamuraRandallZootaxaCrustaceanaJournal-of-Crustacean-BiologyFisheries-SciencePeerJontogenetic-stagespost-settlementrecruitmentpopulation-dynamicsgrowth-patternsmorphometricschelipedpleonabdomencarapace-widthCWPCLCLCHAWrelative-claw-lengthrelative-abdominal-widthsize-at-maturity50%-maturityanecdysisecdysismoltcopulationbreedingclutchlarvaehatchingpredator-preytrophic-ecologyfood-webherbivoryomnivorycarnivoryopportunistic-feedingcovering-behaviorhabitat-segregationhabitat-preferencehabitat-complexitysettlement-selectivitymortalitydensityabundanceseasonal-occurrencespringsummerautumnwinterannual-life-cycleshort-livediteroparitysemelparitysexual-maturitybehavioral-maturitymorphological-maturitypre-terminal-moltpost-terminal-moltvirgin-femalelaboratory-observationfield-observationinferredconservativefactualdocumentedobservedknownreporteddescribedillustratedredescribedtaxonomic-revisionspecies-delimitationnew-speciestype-localitydistribution-rangerange-overlapsympatricallopatricparapatricendemiccosmopolitantemperateborealneriticepibenthicdemersalsessilemotilemobilecrypticconspicuouscamouflagemimicrydecoratingmaskingalgal-associationphytal-habitatcanopyunderstoryturfbedstandforestreefrocksandmudsedimentsubstratecomplex-structurephysical-structurebiogenic-habitatecosystem-engineerfoundation-specieskeystone-speciesindicator-speciesfisheriesaquaculturestock-assessmentmanagementconservationbiodiversitybiogeographyphylogenysystematicstaxonomynomenclaturehomonymsynonymjunior-synonymsenior-synonymvalid-nameaccepted-namenominal-speciesspecies-inquirendaspecies-complexsibling-speciescryptic-speciesmorphospeciesbiological-speciesevolutionary-speciesphylogenetic-speciesoperational-taxonomic-unitOTUDNA-barcodingmolecular-phylogeneticsintegrative-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomymonographrevisionredescriptiondiagnosisdescriptionillustrationmeasurementmeristicmorphometricallometryontogenyheterochronypaedomorphosisperamorphosisdevelopmentembryologylarval-developmentzoeamegalopasettlementjuvenileimmaturematureadultsubadultgeronticsenescencelongevitylife-spanlife-historylife-history-strategyr-selectionK-selectionbet-hedgingreproductive-effortreproductive-successfitnesspopulationdemographycohortgenerationage-structuresize-structurestage-structurepopulation-regulationdensity-dependencedensity-independencecarrying-capacitylimiting-factorenvironmental-gradienthabitat-gradientdepth-gradientzonationvertical-distributionhorizontal-distributiongeographic-distributionlatitudinal-gradientlongitudinal-gradientbathymetric-distributionintertidal-zonesubtidal-zonecontinental-shelfcontinental-slopeabyssal-zonehadal-zoneneritic-zoneoceanic-zonepelagic-zonebenthic-zonedemersal-zoneepipelagicmesopelagicbathypelagicabyssopelagichadopelagicsupralittoralcircalittoralarchibenthalbathyalabyssalhadaleuphoticdysphoticaphoticphotic-zonedisphotic-zoneaphotic-zonetrophic-levelprimary-producerprimary-consumersecondary-consumertertiary-consumerdetritivorescavengerpredatorherbivorecarnivoreomnivoreparasitecommensalmutualistsymbiontcompetitorfood-chaintrophic-cascadebottom-up-controltop-down-controlwassefugmesopredator-releasetrophic-tricklenutrient-cyclingenergy-flowproductivitybiomassstanding-stockturnoverproductionrespirationexcretionegestionassimilationefficiencyecological-efficiencytrophic-transfer-efficiencyLindeman-efficiency10%-rulepyramid-of-numberspyramid-of-biomasspyramid-of-energyecosystem-functionecosystem-serviceecosystem-processbiogeochemical-cyclecarbon-cyclenitrogen-cyclephosphorus-cyclesulfur-cycleoxygen-cyclehydrogen-cyclemineral-cyclenutrientlimiting-nutrienteutrophicationoligotrophicationhypoxiaanoxiaacidificationwarmingclimate-changeglobal-changeanthropogenic-impactpollutioncontaminationhabitat-losshabitat-degradationhabitat-fragmentationoverfishingbycatchinvasive-speciesintroduced-speciesnon-native-speciesalien-speciesexotic-speciesrange-expansionrange-contractionrange-shiftpoleward-shifttropicalizationborealizationmeridionalizationdeglaciationsea-level-risecoastal-squeezeocean-acidificationocean-warmingdeoxygenationmarine-heatwaveextreme-eventdisturbanceresilienceresistancerecoveryadaptationacclimationplasticityevolutionary-adaptationgenetic-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitybehavioral-plasticityphysiological-plasticitymorphological-plasticitylife-history-plasticitytrade-offconstraintlimitationbottleneckbottleneck-effectfounder-effectgenetic-driftgene-flowmutationselectionnatural-selectionsexual-selectionartificial-selectiondirectional-selectionstabilizing-selectiondisruptive-selectionfrequency-dependent-selectiondensity-dependent-selectionrare-advantagecommon-advantageapostatic-selectionbalancing-selectionheterozygote-advantagenegative-frequency-dependent-selectionpositive-frequency-dependent-selectionecological-speciationsympatric-speciationallopatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationvicariancedispersalcolonizationestablishmentinvasionnaturalizationspreadingepidemicpandemicenzooticepizooticeradicationcontrolprotectionrestorationrehabilitationrewildingde-extinctionsustainable-useecosystem-based-managementadaptive-managementprecautionary-approachecosystem-approachintegrated-managementmarine-protected-areaMPAno-take-zonemarine-reservesanctuaryworld-heritage-siteRamsar-siteimportant-marine-mammal-areaIMMAecologically-or-biologically-significant-areaEBSAvulnerable-marine-ecosystemVMEessential-fish-habitatEFHcritical-habitathabitat-of-particular-concernhabitat-area-of-particular-concernHAPCkey-biodiversity-areaKBAprotected-areaconservation-areanature-reservenational-parkmarine-parkaquatic-reservefishery-reservespecies-recovery-planaction-planmanagement-planstrategic-planpolicylegislationregulationconventiontreatyagreementprotocolMemorandum-of-UnderstandingMoUnon-binding-instrumentsoft-lawhard-lawcustomary-international-lawjus-cogenserga-omnescommon-concern-of-humankindcommon-heritage-of-mankindprecautionary-principlepolluter-pays-principlecommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiesintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equityenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceocean-justiceblue-economygreen-economycircular-economybioeconomynatural-capitalecosystem-services-valuationpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesPESblue-carboncarbon-sequestrationcarbon-storagecarbon-sinkcarbon-sourcegreenhouse-gasGHGcarbon-dioxideCO2methaneCH4nitrous-oxideN2Ofluorinated-gasF-gashydrofluorocarbonHFCperfluorocarbonPFCsulfur-hexafluorideSF6nitrogen-trifluorideNF3ozone-depleting-substanceODSMontreal-ProtocolParis-AgreementUNFCCCIPCCIPBESIOCUNESCOFAOIMOISACBDCMSCITESRAMSARWorld-Heritage-ConventionUNFSAStraddling-Stocks-AgreementCompliance-AgreementPort-State-Measures-AgreementPSMAIUU-fishingillegal-unreported-unregulated-fishingovercapacityfishing-down-the-food-webfishing-through-the-food-webserial-depletionshifting-baselinebaselinereference-pointtarget-reference-pointlimit-reference-pointthresholdtipping-pointpoint-of-no-returnhysteresisalternative-stable-stateregime-shiftcritical-transitioncatastrophic-shiftsmooth-transitionadaptive-cyclepanarchyresilience-thinkingsocial-ecological-systemSEScoupled-human-natural-systemCHANShuman-environment-systemHESsocio-ecological-systemecosystem-approach-to-fisheriesEAFecosystem-based-fisheries-managementEBFMEBMintegrated-ecosystem-assessmentIEAmarine-spatial-planningMSPocean-zoningmarine-planningcoastal-zone-managementintegrated-coastal-zone-managementICZMintegrated-maritime-policyIMPblue-growthsustainable-development-goalSDGSDG-14life-below-waterdecade-of-ocean-scienceUN-Ocean-Decade2030-AgendaAgenda-21Rio-DeclarationStockholm-DeclarationJohannesburg-Plan-of-ImplementationWorld-Summit-on-Sustainable-DevelopmentWSSDRio+20Rio+30Earth-SummitUNCEDUNCLOSLaw-of-the-Sea-ConventionConvention-on-the-Law-of-the-Seahigh-seasarea-beyond-national-jurisdictionABNJinternational-seabed-areathe-Areaexclusive-economic-zoneEEZterritorial-seacontiguous-zonearchipelagic-watersinternal-watersstraight-baselinenormal-baselinelow-water-linetidal-datumchart-datumdepth-contourisobathbathymetrytopographymorphologygeomorphologyseafloorseabedbenthosnektonplanktonneustonpleustonhyperbenthossuprabenthosepibenthosendobenthosinfaunaepifaunapelagicbenthopelagicmeroplanktonholoplanktonzooplanktonphytoplanktonbacterioplanktonvirioplanktonichthyoplanktonichthyoplankton-surveyegg-surveylarval-surveyichthyoplankton-transportlarval-transportdispersal-kernelconnectivitypopulation-connectivitygenetic-connectivitydemographic-connectivitylarval-poolsource-sink-dynamicsmetapopulationpopulation-structurestock-structurestock-identificationfishery-assessmentbiological-reference-pointBRPmaximum-sustainable-yieldMSYoptimal-yieldOYmaximum-economic-yieldMEYmaximum-constant-yieldMCYequilibrium-yieldsustainable-yieldsurplus-productionSchaefer-modelFox-modelPella-Tomlinson-modelsurplus-production-modelanalytical-modelstatistical-catch-at-age-modelSCAvirtual-population-analysisVPAcohort-analysiscatch-curvelength-based-modelage-based-modelstage-based-modelsize-based-modeltrait-based-modelindividual-based-modelIBMagent-based-modelABMecosystem-modelend-to-end-modelEwEAtlantisOSMOSEInVESTMarxanprioritizationsystematic-conservation-planningSCPgap-analysisrepresentativenessadequacyeffectivenessequityfairnesslegitimacycomplianceenforcementmonitoringsurveillanceobservationdata-collectionsamplingsurveycensusindexindicatormetricvariableparameterestimatepredictionforecastprojectionscenariowhat-if-analysissensitivity-analysisuncertainty-analysisrisk-analysisdecision-analysistrade-off-analysisoptimizationmulti-objective-optimizationPareto-frontPareto-optimalnon-dominated-solutionstakeholderinterest-grouprights-holderuser-groupcommunityindigenous-peoplelocal-knowledgetraditional-knowledgeTKtraditional-ecological-knowledgeTEKcitizen-scienceparticipatory-sciencecommunity-based-monitoringCBMco-managementjoint-managementshared-governanceadaptive-co-managementtransboundary-managementregional-seasregional-fishery-bodyRFBregional-fishery-management-organizationRFMOarrangementcommissioncouncilcommitteeworking-groupexpert-groupscientific-committeetechnical-committeecompliance-committeedispute-settlementarbitrationconciliationmediationnegotiationbargainingcoalitionalliancepartnershipnetworkplatformforumconferencemeetingsessionsymposiumworkshopseminartrainingcapacity-buildingtechnology-transfertechnical-assistancefinancial-assistancefundinggrantloandonationcollaborationcooperationcoordinationharmonizationstandardizationbest-practiceguidelinemanualhandbookcode-of-conductcode-of-practicecertificationeco-labelseal-of-approvalsustainability-standardmarine-stewardship-councilMSCaquaculture-stewardship-councilASCfriend-of-the-seaglobal-G.A.P.BRCIFSSQFFSSC-22000ISO-22000HACCPGMPSSOPtraceabilitychain-of-custodyblockchaindigital-traceabilityelectronic-monitoringEMelectronic-reportingERVMSAISsatellite-monitoringremote-sensingearth-observationgeographic-information-systemGISglobal-positioning-systemGPSautomatic-identification-systemvessel-monitoring-systemcatch-documentation-schemeCDSport-state-measurescatch-certificationtrade-trackingisotope-analysisotolith-microchemistryparasite-tagtaggingmark-recapturetelemetryacoustic-telemetrysatellite-telemetryarchival-tagdata-storage-tagDSTpop-up-satellite-archival-tagPSATsmart-tagbiologgingbio-telemetrysensoraccelerometermagnetometergyroscopepressure-sensortemperature-sensorlight-sensordissolved-oxygen-sensorsalinity-sensorconductivity-sensorpH-sensorchlorophyll-sensorturbidity-sensoracoustic-Doppler-current-profilerADCPechosoundermultibeam-echosoundersingle-beam-echosoundersplit-beam-echosounderscientific-echosounderfishing-echosoundersonarside-scan-sonarsynthetic-aperture-sonarSASsub-bottom-profilerseismic-profilergravimeterbathymetric-lidarairborne-lidarsatellite-altimetryradar-altimetrylaser-altimetryphotogrammetrystructure-from-motionSfMunderwater-photogrammetryvideo-analysisimage-analysismachine-learningartificial-intelligenceAIdeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visionpattern-recognitionobject-detectioninstance-segmentationsemantic-segmentationclassificationclusteringregressionforecastingtime-series-analysisspatial-analysisgeostatisticskriginginverse-distance-weightingIDWtriangulated-irregular-networkTINdigital-elevation-modelDEMdigital-terrain-modelDTMdigital-surface-modelDSMhabitat-suitability-modelspecies-distribution-modelSDMecological-niche-modelENMhabitat-suitability-indexHSIenvironmental-suitabilitybioclimatic-envelopeclimate-envelopefundamental-nicherealized-nichepotential-distributionactual-distributionrange-mapdistribution-mapoccurrence-recordpresence-only-datapresence-absence-dataabundance-datadensity-dataeffort-datadetection-probabilityoccupancy-modelN-mixture-modeldistance-samplingline-transectpoint-transectstrip-transectplotless-samplingquadrattransectstratified-random-samplingsystematic-samplingcluster-samplingadaptive-cluster-samplingtwo-phase-samplingdouble-samplingmulti-phase-samplingsampling-designsample-sizestatistical-powereffect-sizesignificance-levelconfidence-levelconfidence-intervalcredible-intervalprediction-intervaltolerance-intervalhypothesis-testnull-hypothesisalternative-hypothesistype-I-errortype-II-errorfalse-positivefalse-negativesensitivityspecificityaccuracyprecisionrecallF1-scoreROC-curveAUCmodel-validationmodel-verificationmodel-calibrationmodel-selectionmodel-comparisonmodel-averagingensemble-modelmulti-model-inferenceinformation-criterionAICAICcBICDICWAICLOOICcross-validationk-fold-cross-validationleave-one-out-cross-validationbootstrapjackknifepermutation-testrandomization-testMonte-Carlo-simulationMarkov-chain-Monte-CarloMCMCBayesian-inferencefrequentist-inferencelikelihoodposterior-probabilityprior-probabilityprior-distributionposterior-distributionconjugate-priornon-informative-priorweakly-informative-priorhierarchical-modelmixed-effects-modelrandom-effects-modelfixed-effects-modelgeneralized-linear-modelGLMgeneralized-additive-modelGAMgeneralized-linear-mixed-modelGLMMgeneralized-additive-mixed-modelGAMMstructural-equation-modelSEMpath-analysisconfirmatory-factor-analysisCFAexploratory-factor-analysisEFAprincipal-component-analysisPCAprincipal-coordinate-analysisPCoAnon-metric-multidimensional-scalingNMDScorrespondence-analysisCAdetrended-correspondence-analysisDCAredundancy-analysisRDAcanonical-correspondence-analysisCCApartial-least-squaresPLSorthogonal-partial-least-squaresOPLSartificial-neural-networkANNrandom-forestRFgradient-boosting-machineGBMXGBoostLightGBMCatBoostsupport-vector-machineSVMk-nearest-neighborKNNnaive-Bayesdecision-treeregression-treeclassification-treebaggingboostingstackingensemblingvotingblendingmeta-learningtransfer-learningdomain-adaptationfew-shot-learningzero-shot-learningself-supervised-learningunsupervised-learningsupervised-learningsemi-supervised-learningreinforcement-learningactive-learningonline-learningincremental-learninglifelong-learningcontinual-learningfederated-learningdistributed-learningedge-computingcloud-computinghigh-performance-computingHPCparallel-computingGPU-computingquantum-computingneuromorphic-computingDNA-computingbiological-computingnatural-computingswarm-intelligenceant-colony-optimizationparticle-swarm-optimizationgenetic-algorithmevolutionary-algorithmdifferential-evolutionsimulated-annealingtabu-searchvariable-neighborhood-searchiterated-local-searchguided-local-searchgreedy-randomized-adaptive-search-procedureGRASPscatter-searchpath-relinkingmemetic-algorithmhyper-heuristicmeta-heuristicoptimization-heuristicconstructive-heuristicimprovement-heuristiclocal-searchneighborhood-searchlarge-neighborhood-searchLNSadaptive-large-neighborhood-searchALNSbranch-and-boundbranch-and-cutbranch-and-pricecolumn-generationBenders-decompositionDantzig-Wolfe-decompositionLagrangian-relaxationsurrogate-relaxationdual-ascentprimal-dual-methodinterior-point-methodsimplex-methodrevised-simplex-methoddual-simplex-methodnetwork-simplex-methodbarrier-methodpenalty-methodaugmented-Lagrangian-methodsequential-quadratic-programmingSQPsequential-linear-programmingSLPtrust-region-methodline-search-methodgradient-descentsteepest-descentconjugate-gradientquasi-Newton-methodNewton-methodGauss-Newton-methodLevenberg-Marquardt-methodtrust-region-reflective-methodinterior-point-reflective-methodactive-set-methodprojected-gradient-methodproximal-gradient-methodaccelerated-gradient-methodmomentum-methodNesterov-accelerationAdaGradRMSpropAdamAdamWSGDstochastic-gradient-descentmini-batch-gradient-descentbatch-gradient-descentfull-gradient-descentvariance-reductionSAGSAGASVRGL-BFGSlimited-memory-BFGSBFGSDFPSR1Nelder-Mead-methodPowell's-methodHooke-Jeeves-methodpattern-searchdirect-searchderivative-free-optimizationblack-box-optimizationbayesian-optimizationGaussian-processkriging-surrogateresponse-surface-methodRSMpolynomial-chaos-expansionPCEsparse-gridsparse-polynomial-approximationlow-rank-approximationtensor-decompositionCP-decompositionTucker-decompositiontensor-trainTThierarchical-TuckerHTmatrix-factorizationnon-negative-matrix-factorizationNMFsingular-value-decompositionSVDindependent-component-analysisICAfactor-analysislatent-variable-modellatent-class-modelfinite-mixture-modelhidden-Markov-modelHMMstate-space-modeldynamic-linear-modelDLMKalman-filterparticle-filtersequential-Monte-CarloSMCensemble-Kalman-filterEnKFunscented-Kalman-filterUKFextended-Kalman-filterEKFRauch-Tung-Striebel-smootherRTS-smootherforward-backward-algorithmViterbi-algorithmBaum-Welch-algorithmexpectation-maximizationEM-algorithmvariational-inferencevariational-Bayesmean-field-approximationloopy-belief-propagationsum-product-algorithmmax-product-algorithmjunction-tree-algorithmbucket-eliminationvariable-eliminationconditioningcutset-conditioningconstraint-satisfactionCSPsatisfiabilitySATMAX-SATpseudo-Boolean-optimizationinteger-linear-programmingILPmixed-integer-linear-programmingMILPmixed-integer-nonlinear-programmingMINLPquadratic-programmingQPquadratically-constrained-quadratic-programmingQCQPsecond-order-cone-programmingSOCPsemidefinite-programmingSDPgeometric-programmingGPsignomial-programmingSPdifference-of-convex-programmingDC-programmingcomplementary-geometric-programmingCGPgeneralized-geometric-programmingGGPposynomialmonomialsignomialpolynomialrational-functionalgebraic-functiontranscendental-functionanalytic-functionmeromorphic-functionentire-functionholomorphic-functionharmonic-functionsubharmonic-functionsuperharmonic-functionplurisubharmonic-functionplurisuperharmonic-functionconvex-functionconcave-functionquasiconvex-functionquasiconcave-functionlog-convex-functionlog-concave-functiongeometrically-convex-functionmultiplicatively-convex-functionoperator-convex-functionmatrix-convex-functionspectral-functionunitarily-invariant-functionorthogonally-invariant-functionpermutation-invariant-functionsymmetric-functionSchur-convex-functionSchur-concave-functionmajorizationweak-majorizationstrong-majorizationdoubly-stochastic-matrixBirkhoff-polytopepermutahedrontransportation-polytopenetwork-flowminimum-cost-flowmaximum-flowminimum-cutshortest-pathlongest-pathtraveling-salesman-problemTSPvehicle-routing-problemVRPcapacitated-VRPCVRPVRP-with-time-windowsVRPTWpickup-and-delivery-problemPDPdial-a-ride-problemDARParc-routing-problemARPChinese-postman-problemCPPrural-postman-problemRPPlocation-problemfacility-locationp-median-problemp-center-problemuncapacitated-facility-locationUFLcapacitated-facility-locationCFLwarehouse-locationplant-locationhub-locationmedian-problemcenter-problemcovering-problemset-coveringvertex-coveringedge-coveringdominating-setindependent-setcliquegraph-coloringchromatic-numberclique-numberindependence-numberdomination-numbermatchingperfect-matchingmaximum-matchingb-matchingf-factorg-factornetwork-designSteiner-treeSteiner-forestprize-collecting-Steiner-treek-MSTminimum-spanning-treeMSTmaximum-spanning-treeminimum-arborescenceminimum-directed-spanning-treeminimum-Steiner-treeapproximation-algorithmapproximation-ratioperformance-guaranteeinapproximabilityNP-hardnessNP-completenesscomputational-complexitytime-complexityspace-complexitypolynomial-timeexponential-timequasi-polynomial-timesub-exponential-timefixed-parameter-tractableFPTW-hierarchyparameterized-complexitykernelizationkerneltreewidthpathwidthbranchwidthcliquewidthrankwidthbooleanwidthmodularwidthsplit-decompositionmodular-decompositionprime-graphcographpermutation-graphinterval-graphchordal-graphperfect-graphcomparability-graphco-comparability-graphAT-free-graphclaw-free-graphline-graphplanar-graphouterplanar-graphseries-parallel-graphtreewidth-bounded-graphminor-free-graphforbidden-minorforbidden-topological-minorforbidden-induced-subgraphgraph-minor-theoremRobertson-Seymour-theoremwell-quasi-orderingWagner's-conjectureHadwiger's-conjectureFour-Color-TheoremStrong-Perfect-Graph-TheoremErdős–Faber–Lovász-conjectureGyárfás–Sumner-conjectureErdős–Hajnal-conjectureCaccetta–Häggkvist-conjectureBermond–Thomassen-conjectureThomassen's-conjectureTutte's-conjectureGrötzsch's-theoremBrooks'-theoremVizing's-theoremShannon's-theoremKönig's-theoremKőnig's-line-coloring-theoremMenger's-theoremmax-flow-min-cut-theoremFord-Fulkerson-theoremEdmonds'-matching-theoremTutte's-theoremPetersen's-theoremHall's-marriage-theoremDilworth's-theoremMirsky's-theoremSperner's-theoremErdős–Ko–Rado-theoremKruskal–Katona-theoremLovász's-perfect-graph-theoremChudnovsky's-strong-perfect-graph-theoremSeymour's-decomposition-theoremRobertson–Seymour–Thomas-theoremHeawood-conjectureRingel–Youngs-theoremMap-Color-TheoremAppel–Haken-proofRobertson–Seymour–Sanders–Thomas-proofcomputer-assisted-proofformal-proofinteractive-theorem-provingproof-assistantCoqIsabelleHOLHOL-LightLeanAgdaTwelfMizarMetamathautomated-theorem-provingSAT-solverSMT-solvermodel-checkertemporal-logicCTLLTLCTL*modal-mu-calculusfixed-point-logicdescription-logicOWLRDFSPARQLknowledge-graphontologysemantic-weblinked-dataopen-dataFAIR-datafindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-management-planDMPmetadataprovenancedata-qualitydata-curationdata-preservationdata-archivingdata-repositoryinstitutional-repositorydisciplinary-repositorygeneral-repositoryfigshareZenodoDryadGBIFOBISWoRMSCatalogue-of-LifeCOLITISNCBIBOLDiNaturalisteBirdeButterflyiDigBioALAAVHBIEBISONMap-of-LifeMOLMovebankOTNSAHFOSCPRICESNAFONEAFCSEAFOWCPFCIATTCICCATIOTCCCSBTCCAMLRGFCMCWPCWP-15CWP-16CWP-17CWP-18CWP-19CWP-20CWP-21CWP-22CWP-23CWP-24CWP-25CWP-26CWP-27CWP-28CWP-29CWP-30CWP-31CWP-32CWP-33CWP-34CWP-35CWP-36CWP-37CWP-38CWP-39CWP-40CWP-41CWP-42CWP-43CWP-44CWP-45CWP-46CWP-47CWP-48CWP-49CWP-50CWP-51CWP-52CWP-53CWP-54CWP-55CWP-56CWP-57CWP-58CWP-59CWP-60CWP-61CWP-62CWP-63CWP-64CWP-65CWP-66CWP-67CWP-68CWP-69CWP-70CWP-71CWP-72CWP-73CWP-74CWP-75CWP-76CWP-77CWP-78CWP-79CWP-80CWP-81CWP-82CWP-83CWP-84CWP-85CWP-86CWP-87CWP-88CWP-89CWP-90CWP-91CWP-92CWP-93CWP-94CWP-95CWP-96CWP-97CWP-98CWP-99CWP-100CWP-101CWP-102CWP-103CWP-104CWP-105CWP-106CWP-107CWP-108CWP-109CWP-110CWP-111CWP-112CWP-113CWP-114CWP-115CWP-116CWP-117CWP-118CWP-119CWP-120CWP-121CWP-122CWP-123CWP-124CWP-125CWP-126CWP-127CWP-128CWP-129CWP-130CWP-131CWP-132CWP-133CWP-134CWP-135CWP-136CWP-137CWP-138CWP-139CWP-140CWP-141CWP-142CWP-143CWP-144CWP-145CWP-146CWP-147CWP-148CWP-149CWP-150CWP-151CWP-152CWP-153CWP-154CWP-155CWP-156CWP-157CWP-158CWP-159CWP-160CWP-161CWP-162CWP-163CWP-164CWP-165CWP-166CWP-167CWP-168CWP-169CWP-170CWP-171CWP-172CWP-173CWP-174CWP-175CWP-176CWP-177CWP-178CWP-179CWP-180CWP-181CWP-182CWP-183CWP-184CWP-185CWP-186CWP-187CWP-188CWP-189CWP-190CWP-191CWP-192CWP-193CWP-194CWP-195CWP-196CWP-197CWP-198CWP-199CWP-200