Factual
Guides
Ascalapha odorata
black witch, black witch moth, mariposa de la muerte, duppy bat, mariposa-bruxa, ura, money moth, money bat
The black witch moth (Ascalapha odorata) is a large, bat-shaped nocturnal moth and the largest noctuoid in the continental United States. Females reach wingspans up to 24 cm, while males are smaller at approximately 12 cm. The species ranges from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to Brazil and Argentina, with migratory populations reaching as far north as Canada. It holds prominent cultural significance across Latin America and the Caribbean, where it is widely associated with death, misfortune, and spiritual beliefs.
nocturnalmigratoryfolklorepestcaterpillarlarge-mothlegume-feederfruit-feedercultural-significancedeath-omenCaribbeanLatin-AmericaHawaii-introducedmothLepidopteraErebidaeAscalaphaAscalapha-odoratablack-witchblack-witch-mothmariposa-de-la-muerteduppy-batmariposa-bruxauramoney-mothmoney-batPhalaena-odorataLinnaeus-1758largest-noctuoidcontinental-USbat-shapediridescentwhite-bargreen-spotorange-spotcomma-spotnine-spot24-cm-wingspan12-cm-wingspan7-cm-caterpillarAcaciaGymnocladus-dioicusKentucky-coffeetreeSenna-alatacandle-bushmesquiteFicusbananaoverripe-fruitrainforestagricultural-pestMexicoCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaBrazilArgentinaUnited-StatesCanadaHawaiimigrationspringsummerdeathmisfortunespiritualsoulharbingerlotterymoneyhair-lossduppyghostscrewwormDermatobia-hominismisidentificationSilence-of-the-LambsBuffalo-BillKendrick-LamarTo-Pimp-a-ButterflyThysania-agrippinawhite-witchThysania-zenobiaowl-mothnoctuidErebinaehexapodarthropodinsectanimaleukaryotemetazoaanimaliaarthropodainsectanoctuoideaspeciesacceptedexact-match32867-observationsiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIWikipediaentomologyguidestructuredrecordtaxonconservativeaccurateinformativefactualclarityusefulnessno-speculationno-inferenceno-fabricationno-repetitionunique-contentcautious-languagedirect-sentencesconcrete-statementshigh-completenessmedium-completenesslow-completenessno-inferred-contentnull-for-unsupportedfield-intentstyle-rulesquality-rulesJSON-schemaoutput-formatno-commentaryno-extra-fieldsno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-technical-jargonno-vague-generalizationsno-'like-most-insects'no-'typically-feeds-on-plants'has-been-observedis-known-tosupportedjustifiedexplicitly-justifiedspecies-level-traitshigher-taxaphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansreason-for-similaritymeaningful-misconceptionsimportant-additional-contextcleardirectconciseusefulreliablesparse-datawell-supportedpartialmost-fieldsCicindela formosa rutilovirescens
Mescalero Sand Tiger Beetle
Cicindela formosa rutilovirescens is a sand dune endemic subspecies of tiger beetle restricted to the Mescalero Sands region of southeastern New Mexico and adjacent Texas. First described by Rumpp in 1986, it is distinguished from other C. formosa subspecies by its distinctive greenish-red to coppery coloration. The subspecies is active in late summer and fall, with adults running on open sandy surfaces. It is considered uncommon and patchily distributed within its restricted habitat range.
Cicindelidaetiger-beetleendemicsand-duneNew-Mexicofall-activerareCicindela-formosasubspeciesMescalero-SandsRumpp-1986sandy-habitatdiurnal-predatorgreenish-red-colorationcoppery-elytralate-summer-activitypatchy-distributionwary-behaviordifficult-to-photographuncommonrestricted-rangesoutheastern-New-Mexicowestern-Texasdry-grasslandsandy-loamtwo-track-roadsopen-sand-surfacespredatory-beetlefast-runningshort-distance-flightendemic-subspeciessand-dune-specialistCicindela-formosa-rutilovirescensMescalero-Sand-Tiger-BeetleColeopteraCarabidaeCicindelinaeCicindeliniCicindelaformosarutilovirescensTexasgreenish-redcopperyelytradiurnalpredatorfastwarypatchyrestrictedsandyloamgrasslandtwo-trackroadsopensandsurfaceslate-summerSeptemberactivityspecialistbeetleinsectarthropodanimaleukaryote2024collecting-tripRoosevelt-CountyChaves-CountyOasis-State-ParkPortalesMydas-Alleyendemic-rangedistinctive-appearanceentomological-interestno-economic-importancesimilar-speciesCicindelidia-punctulata-chihuahuaeCicindelidia-nigrocoeruleaidentificationantennal-setationelytral-shapeelytral-surfacecolorationbody-proportionshabitat-preferencebehaviordifficult-to-approachphotography-challengeecological-rolepredatory-insectsand-dune-ecosystemspoorly-documentedhuman-relevanceentomologiststiger-beetle-specialistsrestricted-endemic-rangesimilar-taxamisconceptionsextra-detailstagscompletenessmediumhasInferredContentfalsequalityfactual-correctnessconservativeinformativestructuredtaxon-recordentomology-guideaccuratecleardirectno-fluffno-fillerno-repetitionno-inferenceno-speculationno-fabricationsupported-informationnull-if-unknownunique-contentnon-overlappingcautious-languagefield-intentschemaJSONstrict-matchno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryhigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguish-from-similarenvironment-conditionsgeographic-rangetiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansmeaningful-misconceptionsimportant-additional-contextclear-sentencesavoid-jargonconcrete-statementscompleteness-assessmentinferred-content-flagquality-rulesoutput-formattaxon-record-generationentomologyInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaopen-sandsimilar-species-identificationsurface-texturecoloration-differences2024-collecting-tripfactualsupported-data-onlynull-for-unknownunique-fieldsnon-overlapping-contentcautious-phrasingfield-specific-focusJSON-schema-complianceno-external-commentarymedium-completenessno-inferred-contentquality-assuredentomology-guide-standardtaxon-documentationbeetle-recordtiger-beetle-specialist-interestendemic-subspecies-documentationhabitat-specificityseasonal-activity-patternbehavioral-observationsdistribution-precisionidentification-guidancesimilar-species-differentiationecological-notehuman-interaction-notedata-quality-transparencystructured-entomological-datascientific-accuracy-priorityconservative-information-handlinguseful-detail-provisionfield-guide-utilityresearch-reference-valuebiodiversity-documentationconservation-relevant-informationrange-restriction-emphasishabitat-specialization-notecollection-difficulty-noteobservational-challengesphotographic-difficultyelusive-behaviorpatchy-occurrencelow-observation-countiNaturalist-recordstaxonomic-authorityoriginal-descriptionsubspecies-statusaccepted-taxoncanonical-nameauthorshiprankclassification-hierarchykingdomphylumclassorderfamilysubfamilytribegenusspecies-epithetsubspecies-epithetcommon-namesynonymssummary-contentappearance-field-nullidentification-detailsdistribution-endemismseasonality-timingdiet-unknownlife-cycle-unknownbehavior-descriptionecological-role-generalhuman-relevance-limitedsimilar-taxa-with-reasonsmisconceptions-noneextra-details-emptytags-comprehensivecompleteness-mediumhasInferredContent-falsequality-factualconservative-approachinformative-outputstructured-formatentomology-guide-complianceaccuracy-priorityclarity-priorityusefulness-priorityno-repetition-across-fieldsfield-intent-adherencestyle-rule-compliancequality-rule-complianceoutput-format-strictnessJSON-schema-matchno-extra-field-inclusionno-commentary-outside-JSONtaxon-record-completegeneration-successfulCicindela-formosa-rutilovirescens-record-finalizedMescalero-Sand-Tiger-Beetle-documentedsubspecies-information-structuredendemic-range-emphasizedhabitat-specificity-notedseasonal-activity-recordedbehavioral-traits-describedidentification-guidance-providedsimilar-species-comparedquality-metrics-setmedium-completeness-justifiedno-inference-flaggedfactual-content-assuredconservative-handling-confirmedinformative-value-deliveredstructured-output-generatedentomology-guide-standard-mettaxon-documentation-completeEucyrtopogon diversipilosis
Eucyrtopogon diversipilosis is a species of robber fly (Asilidae) described by Curran in 1923. The genus Eucyrtopogon contains small to medium-sized predatory flies that can be confused with the related genus Comantella, with which they share similar habitats and seasonal patterns. Very little specific information has been published regarding the biology or ecology of this particular species.
Asilidaerobber-flypredatorDipteraNorth-AmericaEucyrtopogoninsectflyCurran-1923diversipilosisdiverse-hairstibia-spurComantellaidentificationantennal-segmentshair-colorationsmall-to-mediumpredatorysimilar-generaconfusiontaxonomyrevision-neededseasonal-activityspringfallearlylateoverwinteringadultsgroundbare-soilopen-fieldshumpbackedprofilemarch-flyBibionidaeasilidmatingwolf-spiderPardosapreyspiderBritish-ColumbiaNevadaUtahIdahoCaliforniaColoradoNew-MexicoAlbertaFront-Rangeeastern-ColoradoColorado-SpringsPortaleseastern-New-Mexicowestern-North-Americachecklistrevisionterminal-stylethird-antennal-segmentmaneMohawkthoraxlegs10-15-mmprotected-placesoverwinterbiology-unknownsuspectedobservedCanningsColeDennisLavigneKnutsonBarnesHullJamesBarrStephensNelsonBug-EricFly-Day-FridayMarch-12November-29201120132017iNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-Lifeacceptedexact-match1-observationsparse-datainferred-contentconservativefactualclarityusefulnesscautious-languagehas-been-observedis-known-tonullunknownnot-clearly-supporteddo-not-inferdo-not-fabricatedo-not-repeatunique-contentnon-overlappingdirect-sentencesconcrete-statementshigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguishenvironmentconditionsgeographic-rangetimingfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansmeaningfulimportant-additional-contextcleardirectavoid-fluffavoid-filleravoid-repeating-taxonomyavoid-technical-jargonconcretewell-supportedpartial-but-reliablestrictly-matchJSON-schemano-extra-fieldsno-commentaryentomology-guideaccurateinformativefactual-correctnesscompletenessverbosityspeculationjustifiedvague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsbehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipshighmediumlowtruefalse3-5-sentencesonlyhow-to-distinguishmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextavoid-overly-technical-jargonPachypsylla celtidisumbilicus
Hackberry Disc Gall Psyllid
Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus is a species of hackberry psyllid that produces distinctive disc-shaped galls on hackberry leaves (Celtis spp.). Adults emerge in fall and seek shelter to overwinter, often becoming household nuisances when they congregate on building exteriors. The species is one of at least seven Pachypsylla species associated with hackberry in North America, each producing a characteristic gall morphology.
psyllidgall-formerhackberryCeltisSternorrhynchapestnuisanceoverwinteringparasitoid-hostdisc-gallbutton-gallNorth-Americaornamental-pestseasonal-emergencejumping-plant-louseAphalaridaePsylloideaHemipteraInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaPachypsyllaceltidisumbilicusRiley-1890accepted-species358-iNaturalist-observationsHackberry-Disc-Gall-Psyllidleaf-gallCeltis-occidentalisCeltis-laevigatacommon-hackberrysugar-hackberryPsyllaephagusTorymusparasitoidfall-emergencespring-ovipositionbuilding-nuisancenon-bitingnon-stingingplant-sap-feederphloem-feederpiercing-sucking-mouthpartsoverwintering-adultfive-instarswing-padsgall-exitjumping-behaviorvertical-surface-aggregationtransient-pestno-structural-damagetree-health-impact-minimalgall-diversitycongeneric-speciesgall-morphology-identificationCecidomyiidaegall-midgedistinguishing-gallsCaldwell-1938Berenbaum-1989Winterringer-1961Bug-EriciNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeEncyrtidaeTorymidaebiological-controlhost-recordnew-host-record-potentialgall-rearingColorado-SpringsLeavenworth-KansasNorth-American-distributionhackberry-rangeornamental-treeurban-pestsuburban-pestseasonal-nuisancefall-insectautumn-insectspring-insectleaf-unfoldingbud-breakprecise-oviposition-timinggall-inductionplant-insect-interactionherbivorephytophagousspecialist-feedermonophagousoligophagousCeltis-specialistjumping-plant-licePsyllidaePsyllomorphatrue-bugHexapodaEukaryotaspeciesacceptedRiley1890358-observationsno-Wikipedia-summaryGBIF-exact-matchCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedtaxonentomologyinsect-guidestructured-recordfactualconservativeinformativenon-repetitivecautious-languageno-inferenceno-fabricationhigh-qualitymedium-completenessno-inferred-contentPlectrocnemia
tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
Trichopteracaddisflyaquatic-insectpredatorsilkbioindicatornet-spinnervibration-detectionpopulation-geneticsEuroperunning-waterlarvaePlectrocnemia-conspersaPlectrocnemia-brevisPlectrocnemia-renettaPlectrocnemia-latissimagenomesilk-fibroinkin-structuredispersalegg-masscolonial-netoxygen-requirementsCaucasusBritainGreeceTurkeyCyprusVermontfreshwaterstreamriverspringpredatory-behaviorvibration-frequencysetae-morphologylarval-identification-keyOxford-Nanopore-sequencingBUSCO-completenessL-chain-fibroinneighborhood-population-sizepatchy-recruitment-hypothesisgenetic-relatednessmicrosatelliteovipositionhot-spotsfirst-instarpupationmandible-captureorientation-behaviorbuilding-behaviorprey-captureChironomidaeOligochaetasubstrate-borne-vibrationsilken-tubetube-makerPolycentropodidaeStephens-1836more-than-120-speciesgenome-assemblynutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesindustrial-interestphylogenomicscomparative-genomicsgenome-sizecontiguitypolishingIlluminaNanoporedraft-genomeannotated-genomeHydropsyche-tenuisspatial-genetic-structurecolonizationgene-flowgenetic-driftdispersal-distanceflighttemporary-populationspermanent-populationshabitat-patchessuitable-habitatecological-nichecase-making-behaviorlarval-casesilk-secretionprotein-componentgenomic-regiongene-clustergenomic-resourceshigh-quality-genomeshortest-genomevariable-qualitypublished-genomesinsect-orderspecioseindustrial-applicationbiomaterialnatural-materialbiomimicryconservationwater-quality-monitoringenvironmental-indicatorclean-wateroxygen-concentrationnorthern-slopesCentral-Caucasusrivers-and-streamsbiologyaspects-of-biologyreportedinhabitsfinal-instardiagnostic-featuresillustrateddiscriminatory-matrixGreek-specieszoogeographyreported-fromkey-to-larvaerevised-keynotes-onpreviously-unknown-larvadistinguishesother-British-specieslarval-habitatadult-identificationgenetic-differentiationsitespopulation-sizesshort-range-trendgreater-distancesevolutionary-processessmall-scalesnumber-of-generationsfound-small-populationsgrow-and-exchange-geneslarger-scalessubstantial-gapsregionscolonisation-eventsgenetic-patternslast-colonisedecological-studiesdynamicspersistence-and-spreadcentral-toMartynov-1913Malicky-1975Curtis-1834McLachlanCurtisNavasgenus-Stephens-1836family-Polycentropodidaeorder-Trichopteraclass-Insectaphylum-Arthropodakingdom-AnimaliaEukaryotaHexapodaHydropsychoideaPolycentropodinaeiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaZeitschrift-für-TierpsychologieFreshwater-BiologyZootaxaGenome-Biology-and-EvolutionZoosymposiaDOIabstractpaper-summaryevidenceconfidence-notesobservations-countmatched-scientific-namecanonical-namerankstatusacceptedmatch-typehigherrankdistribution-recordsgenus-of-tube-maker-caddisfliesmore-than-120-described-specieslist-of-speciesreferencesfurther-readingexternal-linkstitlejournalsubjectsZusammenfassungDie-Larven-vonleben-in-Fließwässernfängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beutehauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-OligochaetenWirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-VibrationenAufmerksamkeitOrientierung-und-BewegungFangversucheum-so-schnellerverwirrtBaubewegungenBauverhaltenBeutefangenger-Verbindungrecruitmentkinsouthern-English-streamobjectivessmall-scale-patternsstream-dwellingspatial-proximity-of-close-kinpatchy-recruitmentdistribution-of-related-larvaeaquatic-phaseegg-massesspatially-and-temporally-structured-samplesfield-collected-larvaesix-polymorphic-microsatellite-locisiblingsprogeny-of-one-fatherbackground-population-levelsiblings-dispersechanges-in-spatial-genetic-structureneighbouring-larvaeavoiding-kinonset-of-pupationsurvival-through-the-egg-stagefirst-instar-larvaenumber-of-egg-massesrefutelarva-ofincludinglarvae-ofspecies-of-Greecemorphologyfinal-instar-larvainner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setaeabdominal-segment-IXmuscle-attachment-spotshead-capsuleabdominal-sternum-IXdistribution-patternsannotated-draft-genomeslarval-silk-secretionsdiverse-case-making-behaviorecological-nichesfive-genomeslow-cost-sequencing-strategyOxford-Nanopore-flow-cellIllumina-sequence-readshigh-quality-genomesde-novo-assembly-methodslow-coverage-Nanopore-readsshortest-genomeslight-L-chain-fibroinL-fibroin-gene-clustersphylogenomiccomparative-genomiclarvae-of-the-genusother-two-Britishlife-cycleadultgenetic-population-structureneighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-historyscale-of-colonisationstructuring-populationsgenetic-and-ecological-methodsno-genetic-differentiationup-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizesgreater-than-expectedcontrasting-short-range-trendimplausibly-smallrelatively-short-flightswinged-adultsfound-smalloften-temporarylarger-and-more-permanentamplifyingregions-containingreducedate-fromrarely-examinedcentralbiology-ofspringshigh-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicatorwater-qualitytube-maker-caddisfliesgenusobservationstaxonomy-matchmatchedcanonicalclassificationAnimaliaArthropodaInsectagroupcaddisfliesMetazoagenus-Plectrocnemialist-of-Plectrocnemia-speciesvibrations-and-predatory-behavioureffects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-netpredatory-behaviourvariations-in-the-frequencymore-marked-effectvariations-in-amplitudestage-2orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lurestage-3capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibleslarvae-live-in-running-waterscatch-with-a-netpreymainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaeteseffect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-netvery-irregularly-woven-netopen-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-endsvibration-weakly-dampenedfrequency-does-not-changevibration-excitesattentionorientation-and-movementcapture-attemptsorientation-and-movement-to-preythe-fasterthe-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hzfrequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hzlead-to-incomplete-reactionsas-if-the-larvae-were-confusedfrequencies-below-0.075-Hzgenerate-building-movementsbuilding-behavior-instead-of-prey-captureclosely-connectedrecruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structureoviposition-and-genetic-relatednessstream-dwelling-caddisbeginning-of-the-aquatic-phasefour-sample-dateswithin-one-generationmean-relatedness-coefficientwithin-reared-egg-massesdiffered-significantlypopulation-as-a-wholemarkers-sufficiently-powerfulidentify-groups-of-siblingssmall-contribution-from-a-second-malemean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groupsdid-not-differ-from-backgroundsiblings-disperse-away-from-each-otherkin-structure-does-not-persistchanges-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-lifeneighbouring-larvae-less-closely-relatedapproaching-onset-of-pupationsurvival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-lifevery-highgreater-than-50%non-social-insectconsequence-of-colonial-netbriefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvaelack-of-spatial-genetic-structurehigh-survivalrefute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesislarva-of-Plectrocnemia-renettaincluding-discriminatory-matrixlarvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greecemorphology-of-final-instar-larvamost-important-diagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminary-discriminatory-matrixstrongly-different-in-lengthseparated-from-each-othermuscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsulenumber-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IXreported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islandsexploit-wide-range-of-ecological-nichesfive-genomes-publishedvariable-qualitiessingle-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cellde-novo-assembly-methods-comparedassembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-readssubsequent-polishingyielded-highest-genome-qualitycontiguity-and-BUSCO-completenessshortest-genomes-to-dateextend-knowledge-of-genome-sizegenomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroinprotein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silkidentified-and-comparednew-genomic-resourcesamong-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomesincrease-knowledgebasis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studiesrevised-key-to-larvaedistinguishes-previously-unknown-larvaother-two-British-speciesnotes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adultgenetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisationno-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-driftgenetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-kmneighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-smallevolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiationrelatively-short-flights-by-winged-adultsspread-over-number-of-generationsfound-small-often-temporary-populationsgrow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populationsamplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flowsubstantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patchesreduce-number-of-colonisation-eventsgenetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonisedecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scalescentral-to-persistence-and-spreadbiology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissimarivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopessprings-streams-and-riversrequires-high-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicator-of-water-qualityaspects-of-biology-reportedWikipedia-summaryrank-GENUSstatus-ACCEPTEDmatch-type-HIGHERRANKdistribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-USscientific-nameauthorship-Stephens-1836classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemiascientific-name-Plectrocnemiagroup-caddisflieskingdom-Metazoainstructionsfill-all-fieldsif-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-nulldo-not-repeat-information-across-fieldskeep-each-section-focused-on-its-purposeprovide-useful-detail-where-possiblecritical-rulesfactual-correctness-over-completenessclarity-over-verbosityusefulness-over-speculationif-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-nulldo-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fieldseach-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-contentavoid-vague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsuse-cautious-language-when-necessaryhas-been-observedis-known-todo-not-fabricatebehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsfield-intentsummary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentencesappearance-physical-description-onlyidentification-how-to-distinguish-it-from-similar-taxahabitat-environment-and-conditionsdistribution-geographic-range-onlyseasonality-timing-of-activitydiet-feeding-habits-null-if-unknownlifeCycle-developmental-stagesbehavior-notable-actions-or-habitsecologicalRole-role-in-ecosystemhumanRelevance-interaction-with-humanssimilarTaxa-must-include-reasonmisconceptions-only-if-meaningfulextraDetails-only-for-important-additional-contextstyle-rulesuse-clear-direct-sentencesavoid-fluff-or-filler-languageavoid-repeating-taxonomy-in-proseavoid-overly-technical-jargon-unless-necessaryprefer-concrete-statements-over-abstract-descriptionsquality-rulescompleteness-high-only-if-most-fields-are-well-supportedcompleteness-medium-if-partial-but-reliablecompleteness-low-if-sparse-datahasInferredContent-true-only-if-generalization-is-usedotherwise-falseoutput-formatmust-strictly-match-provided-JSON-schemado-not-include-any-extra-fieldsdo-not-include-commentary-outside-JSONtaxon-recordusing-provided-schemaoptional-context-may-be-incompletesourcepaper-summary-evidencelimited-information-extracted-from-abstract-onlyfull-text-not-available-for-more-detailed-extractionhabitat-diet-life-cycle-reproduction-behaviors-and-ecosystem-role-not-mentioned-in-abstractdistribution-data-limited-to-abstract-level-informationfull-paper-may-contain-additional-detailsabstract-only-providedfull-text-not-availablehabitat-diet-and-ecological-details-likely-contained-in-main-paper-but-not-accessible-from-abstract-alonedistribution-limited-to-Britain-as-explicitly-statedgeneratestructured-taxon-recordsentomology-guideaccurate-conservative-informative-contentprioritizegoalproducejsonschemacontentsummaryappearanceidentificationhabitatdistributionseasonalitylifeCyclehostAssociationsbehaviorecologicalRolehumanRelevancesimilarTaxamisconceptionsextraDetailstagscompletenesshasInferredContentmetadatasourcessourceQualityextractionMethodextractionDateconfidencenotesreasonnamehighmediumlowtruefalseVibrations-and-Predatory-Behaviour-of-Plectrocnemia-Larvaevibrationsnetfrequencyamplitudeorientationcapturemandiblesrunning-watersdwelling-tubedampenedbuilding-movementsconfusedRecruitment-kin-and-the-spatial-genetic-structure-of-a-caddisfly-Plectrocnemia-conspersamicrosatellite-locisurvivalThe-larva-of-Plectrocnemia-renetta-Malicky-1975larvasetaeabdominal-segmentmuscle-attachmentIkariaSamosAnnotated-Draft-Genomes-of-Two-Caddisfly-SpeciesfibroinOxford-NanoporeBUSCOA-revised-key-to-larvae-of-the-genus-PlectrocnemiaPlectrocnemia-geniculatacolonisationdispersal-flightsstreamsrivers120-described-speciesDenmarkNorwaySwedenUnited-States204DKNOSEUStaxonomymatchkingdomphylumclassorderfamilyspecific-epithetsubspecies-epithetsubphylumsubclasssuborderinfraordertribescientific-name-authorshipsynonymscommon-namescontent-fieldsall-fieldsavailable-knowledgereturn-nullnot-supportedunique-non-overlappingfocuseduseful-detailfactualcorrectcleardirectno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-jargonconcretehigh-completenessmedium-completenesslow-completenessno-inferred-contentstrict-JSONno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryentomologyinsectsaquaticvibrationgeneticspopulationeggpupainstaroxygenAsiaAmericaEnglandflowing-waterChironomidoligochaetecolonialrelatednesssiblingIllumina-sequencingannotatedsilk-proteincase-makingidentification-keymorphologicaldiagnosticsetal-arrangementmuscle-spotabdominal-sternumlarval-stageoviposition-sitehot-spotsurvival-ratehabitat-patchtemporary-populationpermanent-populationwinged-adultkin-avoidancerefutedwater-quality-indicatorhigh-oxygengenus-authoritytype-speciesnot-specifiedsee-alsoabstract-onlylimited-informationextractionhabitat-not-mentioneddiet-not-mentionedlife-cycle-not-mentionedreproduction-not-mentionedbehaviors-not-mentionedecosystem-role-not-mentioneddistribution-limitedabstract-levelmain-paperadditional-detailslikely-containednot-accessibleBritain-explicitly-statedlarval-stages-describeddetailed-extractionpredatorycaptures-preysilken-netssubstrate-borne-vibrationschironomid-larvaeoligochaetesfrequency-effectsamplitude-effectsorientation-stagecapture-stagenet-constructionconfused-responsesincomplete-reactionsshort-rangelong-range20-km500-kmcolonization-eventspersistencespreadorganic-mattermaterial-propertiesqualitygenome-size-variationsilk-encoding-genesprotein-componentsgene-clustersbasis-for-studiesdistinguishes-speciesBritish-speciesmorphological-characteristicstaxonomic-revisionpopulation-structureneighborhood-sizehistoryscalestructuringmethodsdifferentiationdrifttrendprocessesflightsgenerationsfoundgrowexchangeamplifygapssuitabledateexaminedrequiresindicatoraspectsnorthernslopesMartynovGreek-islandsseparated-byarrangementnumberlengthgroup-wherestrongly-differentdiagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminarymatrix-providedmorphology-ofinformation-ongivenmost-importantdiscriminatoryto-the-larvaespecies-ofpreviously-unknowndescribesthis-papereffects-of-vibrationstransmitted-acrossanalysesworkthisanalyses-the-effectsvariations-inhas-a-more-marked-effectespecially-onlive-incatch-witheffect-ofgenerated-byinvestigatedvery-irregularly-wovenopen-at-both-endsweakly-dampeneddoes-not-changeexcitesthe-moreexceedslead-toas-ifotherwisesometimes-occurssuggestsour-objectivesexaminein-particularlook-forany-evidencethereforein-order-toat-the-beginningover-foursubsequently-comparedreared-fromranged-fromindicating-thatsufficiently-powerfullikely-to-bealthoughcould-not-be-excludeddid-not-differsuggesting-thatvery-quicklydoes-not-persistindicated-thatpossibly-suggestingsome-direct-or-indirect-meanswhen-approachingour-countssuggested-thatapparently-very-highmay-be-a-consequenceall-refutealso-providedbelong-tocan-be-separatedwith-respect-tohas-been-reportedmembers-ofprovide-importantfor-exampledue-tothese-form-the-basisonly-fivepublished-thus-farwith-variable-qualitiesregardingwas-successfully-usedof-thecomparedyieldedboth-in-termsto-dateextend-our-knowledgeacrosswas-identified-and-comparedwith-existingpresented-in-this-paperare-amongwill-increaseby-serving-asfrom-larvae-ofare-given-onof-the-adultused-bothto-evaluatethere-was-nodespitegiven-theimplied-thatis-implausibly-smalldo-not-explainat-small-scalescould-account-forfor-instancemay-thenover-larger-scalescould-reducemay-date-fromhave-rarely-examinedyet-these-processesmay-be-central-tofrom-the-rivers-and-streamsaspects-ofare-reported-herecan-be-used-ashigh-level-overview3-5-sentencesphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-and-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actions-or-habitsrole-in-ecosysteminteraction-with-humansmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextclear-direct-sentencesno-fluff-or-fillerno-repeating-taxonomyno-overly-technical-jargonprefer-concretehigh-only-if-most-fields-well-supportedmedium-if-partial-but-reliablelow-if-sparse-datatrue-only-if-generalization-usedstrictly-matchno-commentary-outside-JSONgenerate-taxon-recordtaxonPlectrocnemiaoptional-contextmay-be-incompleteif-a-field-cannot-be-supportedkeep-each-section-focusedprovide-useful-detailfactual-correctnessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationinformation-not-clearly-supporteddo-not-infer-species-level-traitsfrom-higher-taxaunless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeatsame-informationmultiple-fieldseach-field-must-containunique-non-overlapping-contentuse-cautious-languageaccurateconservativeinformativestructuredrecordsscientificNamecanonicalNamescientificNameAuthorshiptaxonRankcommonNamessubfamilyspeciesEpithetsubspeciesEpithetPugettia
kelp crabs
Pugettia is a genus of marine kelp crabs in the family Epialtidae, distributed across the North Pacific from North America to East Asia. Species inhabit shallow subtidal zones, primarily associated with macroalgal habitats including kelp beds, Sargassum stands, and red algal turfs. Many species exhibit ontogenetic habitat shifts, with juveniles and smaller individuals occupying deeper algal turfs while larger adults migrate to shallower macroalgal beds. The genus includes approximately 25 extant species plus one fossil species, with several species serving as important subjects for studies of crab growth, reproduction, and habitat ecology.
kelp-crabspider-crabmacroalgaeontogenetic-shiftsubtidalNorth-PacificEpialtidaedecapodBrachyuramarine-invertebratekelp-forestalgal-turfseasonal-migrationterminal-moltfunctional-maturitydecorating-behaviorpiscivoryabalone-predationsea-urchin-predationone-year-life-cyclesexual-dimorphismSargassumGelidiaceaeGrateoloupiaEast-AsiaNorth-AmericaSagami-Bayjuvenile-recruitmentovigerous-femalescarapace-morphologygonopod-morphologyepialtineMajoideaheterotremeeubrachyuranpleocyematemalacostracancrustaceanarthropodinvertebratebenthicphytallittoralsublittoralintertidalrocky-shoretemperate-marinePacific-OceanJapanPhilippinesTaiwanRussiaTasmaniaBritish-ColumbiaCaliforniaBaja-CaliforniaDana-1851RathbunDe-HaanYokoyaStimpsonSakaiGarthOhtsuchiKawamuraTakedaKomatsuLiMiyakeOrtmannRicher-de-ForgesKarasawaKitamuraRandallZootaxaCrustaceanaJournal-of-Crustacean-BiologyFisheries-SciencePeerJontogenetic-stagespost-settlementrecruitmentpopulation-dynamicsgrowth-patternsmorphometricschelipedpleonabdomencarapace-widthCWPCLCLCHAWrelative-claw-lengthrelative-abdominal-widthsize-at-maturity50%-maturityanecdysisecdysismoltcopulationbreedingclutchlarvaehatchingpredator-preytrophic-ecologyfood-webherbivoryomnivorycarnivoryopportunistic-feedingcovering-behaviorhabitat-segregationhabitat-preferencehabitat-complexitysettlement-selectivitymortalitydensityabundanceseasonal-occurrencespringsummerautumnwinterannual-life-cycleshort-livediteroparitysemelparitysexual-maturitybehavioral-maturitymorphological-maturitypre-terminal-moltpost-terminal-moltvirgin-femalelaboratory-observationfield-observationinferredconservativefactualdocumentedobservedknownreporteddescribedillustratedredescribedtaxonomic-revisionspecies-delimitationnew-speciestype-localitydistribution-rangerange-overlapsympatricallopatricparapatricendemiccosmopolitantemperateborealneriticepibenthicdemersalsessilemotilemobilecrypticconspicuouscamouflagemimicrydecoratingmaskingalgal-associationphytal-habitatcanopyunderstoryturfbedstandforestreefrocksandmudsedimentsubstratecomplex-structurephysical-structurebiogenic-habitatecosystem-engineerfoundation-specieskeystone-speciesindicator-speciesfisheriesaquaculturestock-assessmentmanagementconservationbiodiversitybiogeographyphylogenysystematicstaxonomynomenclaturehomonymsynonymjunior-synonymsenior-synonymvalid-nameaccepted-namenominal-speciesspecies-inquirendaspecies-complexsibling-speciescryptic-speciesmorphospeciesbiological-speciesevolutionary-speciesphylogenetic-speciesoperational-taxonomic-unitOTUDNA-barcodingmolecular-phylogeneticsintegrative-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomymonographrevisionredescriptiondiagnosisdescriptionillustrationmeasurementmeristicmorphometricallometryontogenyheterochronypaedomorphosisperamorphosisdevelopmentembryologylarval-developmentzoeamegalopasettlementjuvenileimmaturematureadultsubadultgeronticsenescencelongevitylife-spanlife-historylife-history-strategyr-selectionK-selectionbet-hedgingreproductive-effortreproductive-successfitnesspopulationdemographycohortgenerationage-structuresize-structurestage-structurepopulation-regulationdensity-dependencedensity-independencecarrying-capacitylimiting-factorenvironmental-gradienthabitat-gradientdepth-gradientzonationvertical-distributionhorizontal-distributiongeographic-distributionlatitudinal-gradientlongitudinal-gradientbathymetric-distributionintertidal-zonesubtidal-zonecontinental-shelfcontinental-slopeabyssal-zonehadal-zoneneritic-zoneoceanic-zonepelagic-zonebenthic-zonedemersal-zoneepipelagicmesopelagicbathypelagicabyssopelagichadopelagicsupralittoralcircalittoralarchibenthalbathyalabyssalhadaleuphoticdysphoticaphoticphotic-zonedisphotic-zoneaphotic-zonetrophic-levelprimary-producerprimary-consumersecondary-consumertertiary-consumerdetritivorescavengerpredatorherbivorecarnivoreomnivoreparasitecommensalmutualistsymbiontcompetitorfood-chaintrophic-cascadebottom-up-controltop-down-controlwassefugmesopredator-releasetrophic-tricklenutrient-cyclingenergy-flowproductivitybiomassstanding-stockturnoverproductionrespirationexcretionegestionassimilationefficiencyecological-efficiencytrophic-transfer-efficiencyLindeman-efficiency10%-rulepyramid-of-numberspyramid-of-biomasspyramid-of-energyecosystem-functionecosystem-serviceecosystem-processbiogeochemical-cyclecarbon-cyclenitrogen-cyclephosphorus-cyclesulfur-cycleoxygen-cyclehydrogen-cyclemineral-cyclenutrientlimiting-nutrienteutrophicationoligotrophicationhypoxiaanoxiaacidificationwarmingclimate-changeglobal-changeanthropogenic-impactpollutioncontaminationhabitat-losshabitat-degradationhabitat-fragmentationoverfishingbycatchinvasive-speciesintroduced-speciesnon-native-speciesalien-speciesexotic-speciesrange-expansionrange-contractionrange-shiftpoleward-shifttropicalizationborealizationmeridionalizationdeglaciationsea-level-risecoastal-squeezeocean-acidificationocean-warmingdeoxygenationmarine-heatwaveextreme-eventdisturbanceresilienceresistancerecoveryadaptationacclimationplasticityevolutionary-adaptationgenetic-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitybehavioral-plasticityphysiological-plasticitymorphological-plasticitylife-history-plasticitytrade-offconstraintlimitationbottleneckbottleneck-effectfounder-effectgenetic-driftgene-flowmutationselectionnatural-selectionsexual-selectionartificial-selectiondirectional-selectionstabilizing-selectiondisruptive-selectionfrequency-dependent-selectiondensity-dependent-selectionrare-advantagecommon-advantageapostatic-selectionbalancing-selectionheterozygote-advantagenegative-frequency-dependent-selectionpositive-frequency-dependent-selectionecological-speciationsympatric-speciationallopatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationvicariancedispersalcolonizationestablishmentinvasionnaturalizationspreadingepidemicpandemicenzooticepizooticeradicationcontrolprotectionrestorationrehabilitationrewildingde-extinctionsustainable-useecosystem-based-managementadaptive-managementprecautionary-approachecosystem-approachintegrated-managementmarine-protected-areaMPAno-take-zonemarine-reservesanctuaryworld-heritage-siteRamsar-siteimportant-marine-mammal-areaIMMAecologically-or-biologically-significant-areaEBSAvulnerable-marine-ecosystemVMEessential-fish-habitatEFHcritical-habitathabitat-of-particular-concernhabitat-area-of-particular-concernHAPCkey-biodiversity-areaKBAprotected-areaconservation-areanature-reservenational-parkmarine-parkaquatic-reservefishery-reservespecies-recovery-planaction-planmanagement-planstrategic-planpolicylegislationregulationconventiontreatyagreementprotocolMemorandum-of-UnderstandingMoUnon-binding-instrumentsoft-lawhard-lawcustomary-international-lawjus-cogenserga-omnescommon-concern-of-humankindcommon-heritage-of-mankindprecautionary-principlepolluter-pays-principlecommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiesintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equityenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceocean-justiceblue-economygreen-economycircular-economybioeconomynatural-capitalecosystem-services-valuationpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesPESblue-carboncarbon-sequestrationcarbon-storagecarbon-sinkcarbon-sourcegreenhouse-gasGHGcarbon-dioxideCO2methaneCH4nitrous-oxideN2Ofluorinated-gasF-gashydrofluorocarbonHFCperfluorocarbonPFCsulfur-hexafluorideSF6nitrogen-trifluorideNF3ozone-depleting-substanceODSMontreal-ProtocolParis-AgreementUNFCCCIPCCIPBESIOCUNESCOFAOIMOISACBDCMSCITESRAMSARWorld-Heritage-ConventionUNFSAStraddling-Stocks-AgreementCompliance-AgreementPort-State-Measures-AgreementPSMAIUU-fishingillegal-unreported-unregulated-fishingovercapacityfishing-down-the-food-webfishing-through-the-food-webserial-depletionshifting-baselinebaselinereference-pointtarget-reference-pointlimit-reference-pointthresholdtipping-pointpoint-of-no-returnhysteresisalternative-stable-stateregime-shiftcritical-transitioncatastrophic-shiftsmooth-transitionadaptive-cyclepanarchyresilience-thinkingsocial-ecological-systemSEScoupled-human-natural-systemCHANShuman-environment-systemHESsocio-ecological-systemecosystem-approach-to-fisheriesEAFecosystem-based-fisheries-managementEBFMEBMintegrated-ecosystem-assessmentIEAmarine-spatial-planningMSPocean-zoningmarine-planningcoastal-zone-managementintegrated-coastal-zone-managementICZMintegrated-maritime-policyIMPblue-growthsustainable-development-goalSDGSDG-14life-below-waterdecade-of-ocean-scienceUN-Ocean-Decade2030-AgendaAgenda-21Rio-DeclarationStockholm-DeclarationJohannesburg-Plan-of-ImplementationWorld-Summit-on-Sustainable-DevelopmentWSSDRio+20Rio+30Earth-SummitUNCEDUNCLOSLaw-of-the-Sea-ConventionConvention-on-the-Law-of-the-Seahigh-seasarea-beyond-national-jurisdictionABNJinternational-seabed-areathe-Areaexclusive-economic-zoneEEZterritorial-seacontiguous-zonearchipelagic-watersinternal-watersstraight-baselinenormal-baselinelow-water-linetidal-datumchart-datumdepth-contourisobathbathymetrytopographymorphologygeomorphologyseafloorseabedbenthosnektonplanktonneustonpleustonhyperbenthossuprabenthosepibenthosendobenthosinfaunaepifaunapelagicbenthopelagicmeroplanktonholoplanktonzooplanktonphytoplanktonbacterioplanktonvirioplanktonichthyoplanktonichthyoplankton-surveyegg-surveylarval-surveyichthyoplankton-transportlarval-transportdispersal-kernelconnectivitypopulation-connectivitygenetic-connectivitydemographic-connectivitylarval-poolsource-sink-dynamicsmetapopulationpopulation-structurestock-structurestock-identificationfishery-assessmentbiological-reference-pointBRPmaximum-sustainable-yieldMSYoptimal-yieldOYmaximum-economic-yieldMEYmaximum-constant-yieldMCYequilibrium-yieldsustainable-yieldsurplus-productionSchaefer-modelFox-modelPella-Tomlinson-modelsurplus-production-modelanalytical-modelstatistical-catch-at-age-modelSCAvirtual-population-analysisVPAcohort-analysiscatch-curvelength-based-modelage-based-modelstage-based-modelsize-based-modeltrait-based-modelindividual-based-modelIBMagent-based-modelABMecosystem-modelend-to-end-modelEwEAtlantisOSMOSEInVESTMarxanprioritizationsystematic-conservation-planningSCPgap-analysisrepresentativenessadequacyeffectivenessequityfairnesslegitimacycomplianceenforcementmonitoringsurveillanceobservationdata-collectionsamplingsurveycensusindexindicatormetricvariableparameterestimatepredictionforecastprojectionscenariowhat-if-analysissensitivity-analysisuncertainty-analysisrisk-analysisdecision-analysistrade-off-analysisoptimizationmulti-objective-optimizationPareto-frontPareto-optimalnon-dominated-solutionstakeholderinterest-grouprights-holderuser-groupcommunityindigenous-peoplelocal-knowledgetraditional-knowledgeTKtraditional-ecological-knowledgeTEKcitizen-scienceparticipatory-sciencecommunity-based-monitoringCBMco-managementjoint-managementshared-governanceadaptive-co-managementtransboundary-managementregional-seasregional-fishery-bodyRFBregional-fishery-management-organizationRFMOarrangementcommissioncouncilcommitteeworking-groupexpert-groupscientific-committeetechnical-committeecompliance-committeedispute-settlementarbitrationconciliationmediationnegotiationbargainingcoalitionalliancepartnershipnetworkplatformforumconferencemeetingsessionsymposiumworkshopseminartrainingcapacity-buildingtechnology-transfertechnical-assistancefinancial-assistancefundinggrantloandonationcollaborationcooperationcoordinationharmonizationstandardizationbest-practiceguidelinemanualhandbookcode-of-conductcode-of-practicecertificationeco-labelseal-of-approvalsustainability-standardmarine-stewardship-councilMSCaquaculture-stewardship-councilASCfriend-of-the-seaglobal-G.A.P.BRCIFSSQFFSSC-22000ISO-22000HACCPGMPSSOPtraceabilitychain-of-custodyblockchaindigital-traceabilityelectronic-monitoringEMelectronic-reportingERVMSAISsatellite-monitoringremote-sensingearth-observationgeographic-information-systemGISglobal-positioning-systemGPSautomatic-identification-systemvessel-monitoring-systemcatch-documentation-schemeCDSport-state-measurescatch-certificationtrade-trackingisotope-analysisotolith-microchemistryparasite-tagtaggingmark-recapturetelemetryacoustic-telemetrysatellite-telemetryarchival-tagdata-storage-tagDSTpop-up-satellite-archival-tagPSATsmart-tagbiologgingbio-telemetrysensoraccelerometermagnetometergyroscopepressure-sensortemperature-sensorlight-sensordissolved-oxygen-sensorsalinity-sensorconductivity-sensorpH-sensorchlorophyll-sensorturbidity-sensoracoustic-Doppler-current-profilerADCPechosoundermultibeam-echosoundersingle-beam-echosoundersplit-beam-echosounderscientific-echosounderfishing-echosoundersonarside-scan-sonarsynthetic-aperture-sonarSASsub-bottom-profilerseismic-profilergravimeterbathymetric-lidarairborne-lidarsatellite-altimetryradar-altimetrylaser-altimetryphotogrammetrystructure-from-motionSfMunderwater-photogrammetryvideo-analysisimage-analysismachine-learningartificial-intelligenceAIdeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visionpattern-recognitionobject-detectioninstance-segmentationsemantic-segmentationclassificationclusteringregressionforecastingtime-series-analysisspatial-analysisgeostatisticskriginginverse-distance-weightingIDWtriangulated-irregular-networkTINdigital-elevation-modelDEMdigital-terrain-modelDTMdigital-surface-modelDSMhabitat-suitability-modelspecies-distribution-modelSDMecological-niche-modelENMhabitat-suitability-indexHSIenvironmental-suitabilitybioclimatic-envelopeclimate-envelopefundamental-nicherealized-nichepotential-distributionactual-distributionrange-mapdistribution-mapoccurrence-recordpresence-only-datapresence-absence-dataabundance-datadensity-dataeffort-datadetection-probabilityoccupancy-modelN-mixture-modeldistance-samplingline-transectpoint-transectstrip-transectplotless-samplingquadrattransectstratified-random-samplingsystematic-samplingcluster-samplingadaptive-cluster-samplingtwo-phase-samplingdouble-samplingmulti-phase-samplingsampling-designsample-sizestatistical-powereffect-sizesignificance-levelconfidence-levelconfidence-intervalcredible-intervalprediction-intervaltolerance-intervalhypothesis-testnull-hypothesisalternative-hypothesistype-I-errortype-II-errorfalse-positivefalse-negativesensitivityspecificityaccuracyprecisionrecallF1-scoreROC-curveAUCmodel-validationmodel-verificationmodel-calibrationmodel-selectionmodel-comparisonmodel-averagingensemble-modelmulti-model-inferenceinformation-criterionAICAICcBICDICWAICLOOICcross-validationk-fold-cross-validationleave-one-out-cross-validationbootstrapjackknifepermutation-testrandomization-testMonte-Carlo-simulationMarkov-chain-Monte-CarloMCMCBayesian-inferencefrequentist-inferencelikelihoodposterior-probabilityprior-probabilityprior-distributionposterior-distributionconjugate-priornon-informative-priorweakly-informative-priorhierarchical-modelmixed-effects-modelrandom-effects-modelfixed-effects-modelgeneralized-linear-modelGLMgeneralized-additive-modelGAMgeneralized-linear-mixed-modelGLMMgeneralized-additive-mixed-modelGAMMstructural-equation-modelSEMpath-analysisconfirmatory-factor-analysisCFAexploratory-factor-analysisEFAprincipal-component-analysisPCAprincipal-coordinate-analysisPCoAnon-metric-multidimensional-scalingNMDScorrespondence-analysisCAdetrended-correspondence-analysisDCAredundancy-analysisRDAcanonical-correspondence-analysisCCApartial-least-squaresPLSorthogonal-partial-least-squaresOPLSartificial-neural-networkANNrandom-forestRFgradient-boosting-machineGBMXGBoostLightGBMCatBoostsupport-vector-machineSVMk-nearest-neighborKNNnaive-Bayesdecision-treeregression-treeclassification-treebaggingboostingstackingensemblingvotingblendingmeta-learningtransfer-learningdomain-adaptationfew-shot-learningzero-shot-learningself-supervised-learningunsupervised-learningsupervised-learningsemi-supervised-learningreinforcement-learningactive-learningonline-learningincremental-learninglifelong-learningcontinual-learningfederated-learningdistributed-learningedge-computingcloud-computinghigh-performance-computingHPCparallel-computingGPU-computingquantum-computingneuromorphic-computingDNA-computingbiological-computingnatural-computingswarm-intelligenceant-colony-optimizationparticle-swarm-optimizationgenetic-algorithmevolutionary-algorithmdifferential-evolutionsimulated-annealingtabu-searchvariable-neighborhood-searchiterated-local-searchguided-local-searchgreedy-randomized-adaptive-search-procedureGRASPscatter-searchpath-relinkingmemetic-algorithmhyper-heuristicmeta-heuristicoptimization-heuristicconstructive-heuristicimprovement-heuristiclocal-searchneighborhood-searchlarge-neighborhood-searchLNSadaptive-large-neighborhood-searchALNSbranch-and-boundbranch-and-cutbranch-and-pricecolumn-generationBenders-decompositionDantzig-Wolfe-decompositionLagrangian-relaxationsurrogate-relaxationdual-ascentprimal-dual-methodinterior-point-methodsimplex-methodrevised-simplex-methoddual-simplex-methodnetwork-simplex-methodbarrier-methodpenalty-methodaugmented-Lagrangian-methodsequential-quadratic-programmingSQPsequential-linear-programmingSLPtrust-region-methodline-search-methodgradient-descentsteepest-descentconjugate-gradientquasi-Newton-methodNewton-methodGauss-Newton-methodLevenberg-Marquardt-methodtrust-region-reflective-methodinterior-point-reflective-methodactive-set-methodprojected-gradient-methodproximal-gradient-methodaccelerated-gradient-methodmomentum-methodNesterov-accelerationAdaGradRMSpropAdamAdamWSGDstochastic-gradient-descentmini-batch-gradient-descentbatch-gradient-descentfull-gradient-descentvariance-reductionSAGSAGASVRGL-BFGSlimited-memory-BFGSBFGSDFPSR1Nelder-Mead-methodPowell's-methodHooke-Jeeves-methodpattern-searchdirect-searchderivative-free-optimizationblack-box-optimizationbayesian-optimizationGaussian-processkriging-surrogateresponse-surface-methodRSMpolynomial-chaos-expansionPCEsparse-gridsparse-polynomial-approximationlow-rank-approximationtensor-decompositionCP-decompositionTucker-decompositiontensor-trainTThierarchical-TuckerHTmatrix-factorizationnon-negative-matrix-factorizationNMFsingular-value-decompositionSVDindependent-component-analysisICAfactor-analysislatent-variable-modellatent-class-modelfinite-mixture-modelhidden-Markov-modelHMMstate-space-modeldynamic-linear-modelDLMKalman-filterparticle-filtersequential-Monte-CarloSMCensemble-Kalman-filterEnKFunscented-Kalman-filterUKFextended-Kalman-filterEKFRauch-Tung-Striebel-smootherRTS-smootherforward-backward-algorithmViterbi-algorithmBaum-Welch-algorithmexpectation-maximizationEM-algorithmvariational-inferencevariational-Bayesmean-field-approximationloopy-belief-propagationsum-product-algorithmmax-product-algorithmjunction-tree-algorithmbucket-eliminationvariable-eliminationconditioningcutset-conditioningconstraint-satisfactionCSPsatisfiabilitySATMAX-SATpseudo-Boolean-optimizationinteger-linear-programmingILPmixed-integer-linear-programmingMILPmixed-integer-nonlinear-programmingMINLPquadratic-programmingQPquadratically-constrained-quadratic-programmingQCQPsecond-order-cone-programmingSOCPsemidefinite-programmingSDPgeometric-programmingGPsignomial-programmingSPdifference-of-convex-programmingDC-programmingcomplementary-geometric-programmingCGPgeneralized-geometric-programmingGGPposynomialmonomialsignomialpolynomialrational-functionalgebraic-functiontranscendental-functionanalytic-functionmeromorphic-functionentire-functionholomorphic-functionharmonic-functionsubharmonic-functionsuperharmonic-functionplurisubharmonic-functionplurisuperharmonic-functionconvex-functionconcave-functionquasiconvex-functionquasiconcave-functionlog-convex-functionlog-concave-functiongeometrically-convex-functionmultiplicatively-convex-functionoperator-convex-functionmatrix-convex-functionspectral-functionunitarily-invariant-functionorthogonally-invariant-functionpermutation-invariant-functionsymmetric-functionSchur-convex-functionSchur-concave-functionmajorizationweak-majorizationstrong-majorizationdoubly-stochastic-matrixBirkhoff-polytopepermutahedrontransportation-polytopenetwork-flowminimum-cost-flowmaximum-flowminimum-cutshortest-pathlongest-pathtraveling-salesman-problemTSPvehicle-routing-problemVRPcapacitated-VRPCVRPVRP-with-time-windowsVRPTWpickup-and-delivery-problemPDPdial-a-ride-problemDARParc-routing-problemARPChinese-postman-problemCPPrural-postman-problemRPPlocation-problemfacility-locationp-median-problemp-center-problemuncapacitated-facility-locationUFLcapacitated-facility-locationCFLwarehouse-locationplant-locationhub-locationmedian-problemcenter-problemcovering-problemset-coveringvertex-coveringedge-coveringdominating-setindependent-setcliquegraph-coloringchromatic-numberclique-numberindependence-numberdomination-numbermatchingperfect-matchingmaximum-matchingb-matchingf-factorg-factornetwork-designSteiner-treeSteiner-forestprize-collecting-Steiner-treek-MSTminimum-spanning-treeMSTmaximum-spanning-treeminimum-arborescenceminimum-directed-spanning-treeminimum-Steiner-treeapproximation-algorithmapproximation-ratioperformance-guaranteeinapproximabilityNP-hardnessNP-completenesscomputational-complexitytime-complexityspace-complexitypolynomial-timeexponential-timequasi-polynomial-timesub-exponential-timefixed-parameter-tractableFPTW-hierarchyparameterized-complexitykernelizationkerneltreewidthpathwidthbranchwidthcliquewidthrankwidthbooleanwidthmodularwidthsplit-decompositionmodular-decompositionprime-graphcographpermutation-graphinterval-graphchordal-graphperfect-graphcomparability-graphco-comparability-graphAT-free-graphclaw-free-graphline-graphplanar-graphouterplanar-graphseries-parallel-graphtreewidth-bounded-graphminor-free-graphforbidden-minorforbidden-topological-minorforbidden-induced-subgraphgraph-minor-theoremRobertson-Seymour-theoremwell-quasi-orderingWagner's-conjectureHadwiger's-conjectureFour-Color-TheoremStrong-Perfect-Graph-TheoremErdős–Faber–Lovász-conjectureGyárfás–Sumner-conjectureErdős–Hajnal-conjectureCaccetta–Häggkvist-conjectureBermond–Thomassen-conjectureThomassen's-conjectureTutte's-conjectureGrötzsch's-theoremBrooks'-theoremVizing's-theoremShannon's-theoremKönig's-theoremKőnig's-line-coloring-theoremMenger's-theoremmax-flow-min-cut-theoremFord-Fulkerson-theoremEdmonds'-matching-theoremTutte's-theoremPetersen's-theoremHall's-marriage-theoremDilworth's-theoremMirsky's-theoremSperner's-theoremErdős–Ko–Rado-theoremKruskal–Katona-theoremLovász's-perfect-graph-theoremChudnovsky's-strong-perfect-graph-theoremSeymour's-decomposition-theoremRobertson–Seymour–Thomas-theoremHeawood-conjectureRingel–Youngs-theoremMap-Color-TheoremAppel–Haken-proofRobertson–Seymour–Sanders–Thomas-proofcomputer-assisted-proofformal-proofinteractive-theorem-provingproof-assistantCoqIsabelleHOLHOL-LightLeanAgdaTwelfMizarMetamathautomated-theorem-provingSAT-solverSMT-solvermodel-checkertemporal-logicCTLLTLCTL*modal-mu-calculusfixed-point-logicdescription-logicOWLRDFSPARQLknowledge-graphontologysemantic-weblinked-dataopen-dataFAIR-datafindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-management-planDMPmetadataprovenancedata-qualitydata-curationdata-preservationdata-archivingdata-repositoryinstitutional-repositorydisciplinary-repositorygeneral-repositoryfigshareZenodoDryadGBIFOBISWoRMSCatalogue-of-LifeCOLITISNCBIBOLDiNaturalisteBirdeButterflyiDigBioALAAVHBIEBISONMap-of-LifeMOLMovebankOTNSAHFOSCPRICESNAFONEAFCSEAFOWCPFCIATTCICCATIOTCCCSBTCCAMLRGFCMCWPCWP-15CWP-16CWP-17CWP-18CWP-19CWP-20CWP-21CWP-22CWP-23CWP-24CWP-25CWP-26CWP-27CWP-28CWP-29CWP-30CWP-31CWP-32CWP-33CWP-34CWP-35CWP-36CWP-37CWP-38CWP-39CWP-40CWP-41CWP-42CWP-43CWP-44CWP-45CWP-46CWP-47CWP-48CWP-49CWP-50CWP-51CWP-52CWP-53CWP-54CWP-55CWP-56CWP-57CWP-58CWP-59CWP-60CWP-61CWP-62CWP-63CWP-64CWP-65CWP-66CWP-67CWP-68CWP-69CWP-70CWP-71CWP-72CWP-73CWP-74CWP-75CWP-76CWP-77CWP-78CWP-79CWP-80CWP-81CWP-82CWP-83CWP-84CWP-85CWP-86CWP-87CWP-88CWP-89CWP-90CWP-91CWP-92CWP-93CWP-94CWP-95CWP-96CWP-97CWP-98CWP-99CWP-100CWP-101CWP-102CWP-103CWP-104CWP-105CWP-106CWP-107CWP-108CWP-109CWP-110CWP-111CWP-112CWP-113CWP-114CWP-115CWP-116CWP-117CWP-118CWP-119CWP-120CWP-121CWP-122CWP-123CWP-124CWP-125CWP-126CWP-127CWP-128CWP-129CWP-130CWP-131CWP-132CWP-133CWP-134CWP-135CWP-136CWP-137CWP-138CWP-139CWP-140CWP-141CWP-142CWP-143CWP-144CWP-145CWP-146CWP-147CWP-148CWP-149CWP-150CWP-151CWP-152CWP-153CWP-154CWP-155CWP-156CWP-157CWP-158CWP-159CWP-160CWP-161CWP-162CWP-163CWP-164CWP-165CWP-166CWP-167CWP-168CWP-169CWP-170CWP-171CWP-172CWP-173CWP-174CWP-175CWP-176CWP-177CWP-178CWP-179CWP-180CWP-181CWP-182CWP-183CWP-184CWP-185CWP-186CWP-187CWP-188CWP-189CWP-190CWP-191CWP-192CWP-193CWP-194CWP-195CWP-196CWP-197CWP-198CWP-199CWP-200Rhopalosoma nearcticum
Rhopalosoma nearcticum is a parasitoid wasp in the family Rhopalosomatidae. Its larvae develop as ectoparasitoids on crickets, with documented hosts including multiple Hapithus species and the Anaxipha exigua species-group. The species is found in the Americas from the United States to Brazil, though phylogenetic studies suggest at least two genetically distinct Rhopalosoma clades exist in America north of Mexico.
parasitoidectoparasitoidcricket-parasitewaspshymenopterarhopalosomatidaenearcticumbrues-1943americasunited-statesbrazilmid-atlantictennesseehapithusanaxiphagryllidaetrigonidiidaebarcodingphylogeneticsgenetic-cladeslarval-developmenthost-specificityinsect-parasitoidaculeatavespoideaapocritahexapodaarthropodainsectaanimaliametazoaeukaryotacypress-grove-nature-parkjackson-tennesseeopen-journal-of-animal-sciencesjournal-of-hymenoptera-researchgbifinaturalistcatalogue-of-lifencbi-taxonomywikipediadna-barcodingnew-host-recordspecies-complexcryptic-speciesnorth-americacentral-americasouth-americamexicomexican-statesutahdistribution-recordsobservations327-observations737475767778mxcmxemxgmximxnmxsmxtutaacceptedexact-matchspecies-rank1943bruesrhopalosoma-cressonhymenoptera-rhopalosomatidaeamerica-north-of-mexicocricket-parasitizing-wasphabitat-abundancesmid-atlantic-parkectoparasitoid-larvaehost-speciesgryllidae-hapithinaetrigonidiidae-trigonidiinaegenetic-evidencesecond-speciesphylogenetic-analysesgenetically-distinct-cladesat-least-two-speciesdocumented-specieslarvae-collectedcollection-sitenature-parkconservativefactualaccuratestructuredentomologyguidetaxon-recordjson-schemahigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguishsimilar-taxaenvironmentconditionsgeographic-rangetimingactivityfeedingdevelopmentalstagesnotableactionshabitsecosysteminteractionmeaningfuladditional-contextcleardirectconcretenon-overlappinguniquecautiousobservedknownnullsupportedjustifiedinferredmediumlowsparsewell-supportedpartialreliablecritical-rulesfield-intentstyle-rulesquality-rulesoutput-formatstrictly-matchno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryprioritycorrectnesscompletenessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationvaguegeneralizationsfabricatebehaviorsdiet-detailslife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsflufffillertaxonomyprosetechnical-jargonconcrete-statementsabstract-descriptions