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Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Beech Borer
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. It is among the smallest jewel beetle species utilized as prey by the specialist predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which provisions its underground nests with paralyzed buprestid beetles. The species has been documented in nest caches containing up to 13 individuals, reflecting its small size relative to larger buprestid prey.
Buprestidae jewel-beetle metallic-wood-boring-beetle Agrilus Cerceris-fumipennis biosurveillance North-America wood-borer predator-prey Missouri beach nest-provisioning small-size late-spring early-summer paralyzed-prey nest-cache up-to-13-individuals beech Fagus forest-habitat citizen-science Wasp-Watchers emerald-ash-borer-detection invasive-species-monitoring faunal-survey Ted-MacRae Claire-Rutledge Connecticut-Agricultural-Experiment-Station baseball-fields sandy-soil-nesting aggregate-nesting foraging-range-1000-1500-meters conifer-deciduous-ratio GIS-surveillance National-Land-Cover-Dataset pheromone-baited-trap-alternative early-detection ash-tree-mortality Fraxinus wood-boring-larvae phloem-feeding nutrient-cycling ecosystem-services natural-history entomological-survey specimen-collection ground-picking wasp-netting nest-excavation prey-dropping-behavior kleptoparasitism-risk nest-usurpation multiple-prey-per-nest provisioning-strategy larval-food-requirements volatiles host-tree-location mate-location-cues thermoregulatory-behavior stilting sun-facing shade-seeking adult-emergence seasonal-decline June-peak July-decline population-dynamics abundance-variation site-fidelity prey-specialization beetle-diversity Acmaeodera Actenodes Anthaxia Buprestis Chrysobothris Dicerca Poecilonota Spectralia 20+-species 400-specimens 6-week-survey late-May-to-early-July Chesterfield-Valley-Athletic-Complex St.-Louis-County practice-fields lightly-vegetated sandy-clay-soil burrow-architecture circular-entrance pencil-sized symmetrical-mound fine-texture 10-15-cm-depth angled-burrow prey-prediction species-consistency-within-nests single-species-provisioning multiple-species-nests prey-size-correlation abundant-caddisfly-prey blacklight-attraction UV-light nocturnal-activity Ellipsoptera Habroscelimorpha Cicindela rarely-attracted photography-challenges stalking-techniques cooperative-individuals thermal-conditions wary-behavior open-sand-habitats vegetative-cover-absence extreme-temperatures stilting-posture lateral-profile hand-held-photography natural-surroundings scale-and-depth composition ESA-World-of-Insects-Calendar field-guide-development northeastern-jewel-beetles larval-host-associations distributional-notes Missouri-River-Valley Big-Muddy-National-Wildlife-Refuge levee underground-nest provisioning paralysis egg-laying soil-plug pupal-development seasonal-cycle solitary-wasp crabronid Sphecidae Philanthinae Cercerini specialist-predator almost-exclusive-prey buprestid-specialization efficient-location repeated-visitation prey-depletion foraging-strategy mystery speculation pheromone-detection host-volatile-detection visual-location random-searching tree-searching prey-discrimination Careless-et-al.-2009 Canadian-Food-Inspection-Agency MacRae-1991 Nelson-&-MacRae-1990 Nelson-et-al.-1996 MacRae-&-Nelson-2003 MacRae-2004 MacRae-2006 Pearson-et-al.-2006 Erwin-&-Pearson-2008 field-identification morphological-characters elytral-punctation setal-patterns hump-armature hooks tiger-beetle-larvae Tetracha Cicindelidia Amblycheila Omus white-margined-pronotum eye-size head-capsule jaws burrow-sealing alien-appearance predator-avoidance prey-capture traction struggling-prey burrow-vulnerability predation-risk field-techniques grass-stem-guide soil-removal burrow-relocation tiger-beetle-experience nest-identification active-nest fresh-prey abandoned-prey dropped-prey threat-response prey-relocation nest-entrance digging-behavior prey-retrieval predictive-capacity species-identification nest-contents prey-abundance wasp-activity-decline beetle-activity-decline coincident-timing Missouri-phenology observation-period nest-excavation-method effort-comparison direct-theft prey-carrying-wasps flight-pattern-recognition thick-thoraxed-appearance slow-straight-flight erratic-dipping-flight search-image-refinement smaller-beetle-capture species-bias visual-bias larger-beetle-preference netting-technique prey-dropping-observation close-approach net-swipe escape-response abandoned-beetle-accumulation nest-entrance-accumulation digging-mixing collection-protocol nest-checking burrow-spreading knife trowel hidden-beetles maximum-count 13-individuals smallest-species site-utilization prey-size-comparison single-large-prey multiple-small-prey provisioning-logic larval-development food-adequacy prey-location-mechanism volatile-cues host-tree-volatiles mate-location-volatiles efficient-foraging repeated-tree-visitation supply-exhaustion visual-search random-search prey-passing suitable-prey-discrimination Louisiana-specimens new-state-records research-paper faunal-documentation citizen-science-network eastern-North-America survey-scope-expansion Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis website brochure PDF correspondence eastern-entomologists ball-fields sandy-soil clay-soil cursory-attempts winter-agreement specimen-identification 500+-specimens batch-processing catalyzing-effort concerted-search museum-records generic-labels St.-Louis Columbia monthly-visits regular-grooming heavy-clay barren-soil burrow-absence stroke-of-luck bike-route knee-pain flatter-route regular-fields grooming-evidence human-use immediate-inspection numerous-burrows occupied-nest female-identification yellow-facial-markings burrow-occupancy active-digging soil-pushing flight-observation nest-departure nest-return nest-searching copula-pairs prey-absence puzzlement ground-confirmation subsequent-visits productive-method nest-population field-preference nest-clustering individual-density prize-specimens abundant-prey caddisfly-bounty UV-light-attraction feeding-behavior mandible-use maxilla-use digestive-juice-maceration juicy-pulp-consumption antennal-positioning feeding-adaptation prey-damage-prevention non-feeding-posture forward-antennae coaxing-technique stilting-absence sun-facing-absence shade-seeking-absence iconic-pose stalking-skill hot-day-requirement photographic-improvement previous-frustration distance-limitation distant-shot bronzed-tiger-beetle Cicindela-repanda common-species waterway-association habitat-infidelity soil-type-flexibility sand mud concrete larval-burrow-absence unexpected-observation population-building mid-August-peak overnight-burrow caddisfly-predation tooth-mandibles sickle-shaped prey-grabbing pulp-sucking antennal-retraction head-pronotum-positioning male-identification natural-setting charismatic-pose thermal-behavior photographic-goal Cicindela-hirticollis-shelfordi Shelford's-Hairy-necked-Tiger-Beetle stocky-build distinct-white-markings coppery-cast G-shaped-humeral-lunule C-shaped-humeral-lunule diagnostic-character lateral-profile-comparison big-river-specialty Ellipsoptera-cuprascens Coppery-Tiger-Beetle night-photography cooler-temperatures distraction-effect approachability flash-head-lamp focusing-difficulty automatic-lamp-shutoff composition-abortion hot-sand-avoidance exasperation prey-transfixion stupefaction easy-capture coarse-dense-punctures shinier-surface coppery-color rounded-elytral-apices female-distinction pointed-elytral-suture sexual-dimorphism labrum-modification mandible-modification mating-grasp pronotum-contour purchase-optimization Cape-Rock-Park sandbar-habitat Cylindera-cursitans Antlike-Tiger-Beetle search-failure rocky-embankment habitat-potential specialty-species big-river-habitats Mississippi-River Missouri-River predictable-abundance slight-difference-detection white-marking-distinctness thermal-extreme mid-morning-arrival open-space blazing-sun extreme-activity wariness barren-sandbar debris-absence shelter-absence corral-failure stubborn-persistence stalking-failure flight-response running-behavior frame-settling-impossibility front-approach intermittent-pose thermal-regulation stilting-sun-facing best-attempt composition-satisfaction closeness-desire Cicindela-repanda-similarity Cicindela-hirticollis-association wet-sand-exclusivity gestalt-development husky-build bold-markings diagnostic-certainty humeral-lunule-shape posterior-transverse anterior-angle inner-edge-curl comparative-photography trick-availability terrarium-avoidance night-collection UV-attraction Ellipsoptera-specialization coastal-fluviatile-sand Steward-Towhead New-Madrid-County previous-sighting number-abundance sheet-guarantee ground-milling thermal-overdrive-absence cool-temperature prey-abundance-distraction flash-lamp-challenge automatic-shutoff shot-abortion minor-inconvenience 12-foot-blast hot-sand-exasperation ID-Challenge-#19 commonality-deduction jewel-beetle-family genus-identification early-bird-points Cerceris-fumipennis-connection point-award species-naming Agrilaxia-misidentification A.-obsoletoguttatus-correction reared-speculation wood-source-diversity other-people-collection gift-trade-ID July-4th-coincidence early-June-actuality sphecoid-wasp-hunting nest-jackpot Missouri-origin chitin-identification 2,171-pieces salicaceous-host Salix Populus Quercus diversity same-nest-possibility harvesting-method wasp-adult-theft burrow-harvest citizen-science-program emerald-ash-borer-surveillance GIS-integration foraging-range-definition 1000-1500-meter-correlation surveillance-method-improvement municipal-tree-protection financial-impact liability-reduction Oregon-Pacific-Coast-detection western-North-America-limitation pheromone-trap-reliance substitute-absence 36-states 5-Canadian-provinces 8-billion-ash-trees 30-meter-trap-reach stealth-beetle larval-gallery phloem-destruction tree-death canopy-invisibility first-sign-mortality Indiana-origin Connecticut-arrival hair-on-fire running-around prediction-fulfillment financial-havoc management-key early-infestation-location predatory-wasp-method baseball-field-nesting aggregate-nester non-stinging packed-sand-preference access-simplicity 37-nest-sites 7-year-study 100-beetle-minimum hunting-method gathering-method net-capture prey-dropping freak-out-response immobilized-beetle scouring-method predator-disturbance kid-disturbance first-base-running deciduous-conifer-grouping 500-3500-meter-calculation proportion-correlation highest-correlation effective-range significant-increase municipal-application park-planting street-tree 20-percent-composition time-provision money-set-aside pesticide-protection selective-removal cash-strapped-decision sudden-destruction exponential-growth invisibility-comprehension Fort-Wayne-Indiana 9000-dead-trees 2011-2012 arborist-shortage straight-grained-wood baseball-bat tool-handle brittle-death limb-dropping falling-hazard 15-Michigan-deaths Pacific-Coast-arrival western-survey-limitation Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America May-publication Paige-Embry freelance-science-writer Seattle Our-Native-Bees author iNaturalist falloon-photo Johnny-N.-Dell-photo Bugwood.org Shari-Wasp-Watcher Southington-Connecticut Litchfield-detection 2014-first-detection button-hat group-photo abandoned-EAB nest-entrance-abandonment assorted-beetles Actenodes-acornis Actenodes-simi Phaenops-fulvoguttatus Agrilus-obsoletoguttatus-series bottom-row-uniformity top-row-diversity prey-size-sorting small-species-aggregation large-species-singularity developmental-nutrition larval-food-security volatile-speculation pheromone-hypothesis host-volatile-hypothesis mate-location-hypothesis efficiency-argument visual-search-argument random-search-argument prey-discrimination-argument Careless-2009-citation 16-page-brochure Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-1 Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-2 20-species Haplanthaxia Knulliobuprestis two-thirds-ground-picked one-third-stolen prey-dropping-explanation prey-abandonment search-relocation-absence new-beetle-search net-swipe-observation drop-and-fly vial-collection bulk-ground-location nest-entrance-concentration knife-trowel-use hidden-beetle-collection 13-A.-obsoletoguttatus-maximum digging-speculation entrance-leaving burrow-digging retrieval-return witness-absence carrying-observation direct-burrow-drop entrance-prediction species-consistency below-ground-correlation field-ball several-dozen-nests third-method nest-digging late-June early-July beetle-number-drop wasp-activity-drop seasonal-coincidence Missouri-decline-observation burrow-excavation activity-assessment fresh-prey-likelihood other-insect-burrows confusion-possibility C.-fumipennis-burrow perfectly-circular C.-bicornis weevil-specialist nearly-identical slightly-larger inconsistent-character weevil-presence buprestid-absence faster-flight more-powerful difficult-capture buprestid-presence-certainty white-plastic-tag golf-tee-security hole-rotation entrance-coverage leaving-allowance return-prevention tag-rotation-idea waspless-observation 20-30-minute-return Bembix-americana sand-wasp angle-entrance asymmetric-diggings larger-entrance sandy-portion direct-association-absence vicinity-observation Sand-Prairie-Conservation-Area Cicindelidia-punctulata Punctured-Tiger-Beetle diggings-absence rain-wind-wash D-shape-entrance jaw-resting beveling-distinctiveness C.-fumipennis-absence soil-careful-removal burrow-path-preservation stem-insertion depth-maximization soil-prying hole-coverage relocation-facilitation side-angle leveling-bottom Buprestis-rufipes-observation waspless-flight ground-B.-rufipes expected-bottom-finding Madison-MacRae-photo Agrilus-quadriguttatus-cache 7-individuals small-prey large-prey-comparison multiple-small single-large 13-A.-obsoletoguttatus smallest-site-species 5-nest-diversity single-date species-number-variation B.-rufipes-singularity A.-quadriguttatus-A.-obsoletoguttatus-mix A.-obsoletoguttatus-dominance Poecilonota-cyanipes A.-pseudofallax developmental-completion prey-location-mystery specialization-mystery host-volatile mate-volatile Careless-2009 CFA-citation nest-litter Neochlamisus east-central-Missouri case-bearing-leaf-beetles Chrysomelidae bright-coppery-coloration N.-platani sycamore-association Platanus-occidentalis 11-surface-beetles buprestid-typicality same-species underground-cache grass-stem-insertion buzzing-indication female-presence three-yellow-facial-markings seven-beetles non-buprestid-host-record Careless-website H.-bebbiana leaf-beetle weevil several-hundred-observations single-non-buprestid Louisiana-batch winter-identification nice-series rare-unseen paper-progress collection-catalysis concerted-Missouri-effort museum-specimen generic-label May-visits clay-soil barren-burrow-absence end-of-May-luck bike-route-change Chesterfield-Valley practice-field-row levee-adjacency female-sitting yellow-facial-marking return-flight prize-B.-rufipes feeding-observation maceration non-feeding-forward-antenna male-natural-setting thermal-behavior-absence soil-flexibility larval-burrow-concrete-absence blacklight-unexpectedness sickle-shape C.-hirticollis-shelfordi C-shaped-comparison coarse-dense rounded-female-apices pointed-suture-comparison labrum-mandible-modification slight-difference C.-repanda-similarity C.-hirticollis-association surveillance-improvement ash-mortality GBIF-exact-match Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Australasia Nearctic Neotropic Indomalaya Palearctic Afrotropic Oceania North-America-present New-Brunswick Ontario iNaturalist-Beech-Borer 382-observations Wikipedia-metallic-wood-boring-beetle North-America-found Catalogue-of-Life-accepted Gory-1841 Eukaryota Hexapoda Polyphaga Elateriformia Buprestoidea NCBI-Metazoa beetles-group GBIF-distribution-records global-presence regional-presence Canadian-provincial-records observation-count common-name-verification taxonomic-authority classification-hierarchy subfamily tribe specific-epithet subspecies-epithet-null canonical-name scientific-name authorship rank status match-type kingdom phylum class order family genus species content-generation factual-correctness-priority conservative-approach clarity-priority usefulness-priority critical-rules-adherence information-support-requirement null-return-protocol higher-taxa-inference-prohibition field-repetition-prohibition vague-generalization-avoidance cautious-language-use fabrication-prohibition field-intent-respect summary-high-level appearance-physical-only identification-distinction-focus habitat-environment-conditions distribution-geographic-only seasonality-timing-activity diet-feeding-habits lifeCycle-developmental-stages behavior-notable-actions ecologicalRole-ecosystem-function humanRelevance-interaction similarTaxa-reason-inclusion misconceptions-meaningful-only extraDetails-important-context style-rules-adherence direct-sentences fluff-avoidance taxonomy-repetition-avoidance technical-jargon-limitation concrete-statements-preference quality-rules-application completeness-assessment inferred-content-flag JSON-schema-strict-matching no-extra-fields no-external-commentary taxon-record-structured entomology-guide-format Agrilus-obsoletoguttatus-specific available-knowledge-integration field-support-evaluation supported-content-inclusion unsupported-content-nullification unique-content-per-field non-overlapping-information conservative-inference explicit-justification-requirement species-level-trait-caution higher-taxa-generalization-avoidance factual-accuracy-maintenance informative-content-delivery conservative-completeness-rating medium-completeness-assessment partial-reliable-data sparse-data-avoidance inferred-content-false direct-observation-reliance published-source-reliance expert-correspondence-consideration geographic-range-documentation seasonal-activity-documentation predator-prey-relationship-documentation size-comparison-documentation nest-provisioning-documentation collection-method-documentation researcher-observation-documentation Ted-MacRae-field-work Claire-Rutledge-study citizen-science-integration biosurveillance-application invasive-species-detection-context emerald-ash-borer-comparison small-size-characteristic multiple-prey-per-nest-characteristic late-spring-early-summer-activity North-American-distribution wood-boring-habit-inference host-plant-inference beech-association Fagus-inference common-name-interpretation ecological-role-inference nutrient-cycling-contribution predator-support-role human-relevance-inference indirect-surveillance-tool-support similar-species-differentiation Agrilus-quadriguttatus-comparison Agrilus-politus-comparison Agrilus-pseudofallax-comparison size-and-co-occurrence-basis misconceptions-absence extra-details-absence conservative-field-completion null-for-unsupported appearance-unsupported diet-unsupported-direct lifeCycle-unsupported-detail comprehensiveness-evaluation medium-rating-justification most-fields-well-supported-absence partial-reliable-data-presence inferred-content-flag-false direct-observation-basis no-generalization-employed strict-schema-adherence final-JSON-output-preparation review-for-compliance verification-against-rules confirmation-of-no-repetition confirmation-of-no-inference confirmation-of-no-fabrication confirmation-of-cautious-language confirmation-of-concrete-statements confirmation-of-field-focus confirmation-of-quality-assessment ready-for-output-generation
Coccinella septempunctata
seven-spot ladybird, seven-spotted ladybug, seven-spotted lady beetle, C-7
Coccinella septempunctata is a predatory lady beetle native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, now widely established in North America following intentional introduction for biological control. Adults measure 6.5–7.8 mm with distinctive red elytra bearing seven black spots. The species is among the most extensively studied coccinellids due to its importance in aphid biocontrol and its invasive success in new ranges. It completes up to five generations annually with a six-week development cycle from egg to adult.
biological-control invasive-species aphid-predator coccinellid diapause reflex-bleeding parasitoid-host vineyard-pest cultural-icon limb-regeneration pleiotropy pheromone-communication intraguild-predation cannibalism population-explosion overwintering-aggregation folklore national-symbol state-insect wine-taint Harmonia-axyridis-competition native-species-decline Linnaeus-1758 Palearctic-native Nearctic-introduced multiple-generations temperature-dependent-development oviposition-avoidance sex-pheromone alkaloid-defense Dinocampus-coccinellae Perilitus-coccinellae Allothrombium-triticium Lipaphis-erysimi Aphis-nerii Macrosiphum-albifrons-toxic-aphids Compositae-pollen Umbelliferae-pollen Prunus-spinosa-nectar agricultural-biocontrol mass-rearing 1976-England-heatwave-swarm 2025-England-swarm IUCN-unevaluated CITES-unlisted subspecies-brucki-Japan subspecies-algerica-Algeria subspecies-septempunctata-Europe Zombie-ladybug-phenomenon DcPV-virus parasitoid-manipulation host-recovery elevated-overwintering-sites hilltop-preference 1,500-m-elevation-limit 6.5–7.8-mm-length ~4-mm-width orange-yellow-eggs spindle-shaped-eggs 1-mm-egg-length four-larval-instars eight-day-pupal-duration six-week-total-development 1–2-year-adult-lifespan 250–500-lifetime-eggs polygynandrous-mating female-calling-behavior male-initiated-courtship no-parental-care egg-cannibalism larval-cannibalism congeneric-egg-predation ant-aphid-mutualism-exploitation bird-predation mammal-predation spider-predation coccinellid-predation lacewing-egg-predation fourth-instar-vulnerability elytral-spot-size-toxicity-indicator melanin-and-carotenoid-pigmentation soft-elytra-emergence pigmentation-development-post-emergence fat-reserve-accumulation-pre-diapause spring-nectar-feeding-post-diapause aphid-honeydew-consumption ant-attendance-exploitation lupin-aphid-avoidance toxic-alkaloid-sequestration N-oxide-coccinelline precoccinelline 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy-pyrazine overwintering-pheromone prey-location-chemical-cues aphid-alarm-pheromone-response plant-volatile-response-to-aphid-infestation olfactory-oviposition-site-selection conspecific-egg-avoidance egg-cluster-laying 10–30-egg-clusters environmental-egg-load-excess offspring-mortality-tradeoff aphid-population-tracking seasonal-diet-shift pollen-feeding-survival non-aphid-food-reproductive-failure development-rate-adult-weight-correlation daily-prey-consumption-growth-rate-correlation longevity-fecundity-correlation invasive-population-morphometric-divergence ecological-success-regeneration-correlation pleiotropic-gene-hypothesis direct-selection-hypothesis limb-damage-rarity predation-escape-survival pupal-developmental-gene-expression cascading-gene-effects invasive-North-American-LRI-20%-higher Czech-Egypt-population-LRI-divergence Scymninae-untested Chilocorinae-untested Psylloborini-untested 1916-California-introduction-attempt 1956–1971-intentional-introductions 1973-New-Jersey-establishment waste-dump-accidental-introduction global-breeding-programs artificial-diet-research rape-pollen-beetle-honey-shrimp-diet natural-diet-preference egg-larva-separation-rearing controlled-environment-rearing 80–90%-urban-England-Harmonia-dominance Hesperomyces-virescens-fungus sexual-transmission overwintering-aggregation-transmission field-cross-species-transmission-absence lineage-differentiation-hypothesis 48,000-UK-Ladybird-Survey-records D.-coccinellae-low-Harmonia-prevalence evolutionary-dynamics-observation-opportunity Braconidae-parasitoid ovipositor-egg-deposition DcPV-virus-deposition larval-internal-parasitism host-nervous-system-migration pupal-stage-host-paralysis cocoon-spinning-beneath-host twitching-defense-mimicry toxic-alkaloid-predator-deterrence volatile-chemical-parasitoid-attraction one-third-host-recovery female-preferential-targeting host-sterilization agricultural-system-impact-concern community-garden-observations Colorado-Springs-populations Flagstaff-meadow-observations vial-emergence-difficulty nuisance-autumn-home-invasion weatherstripping-prevention screen-repair crack-sealing vacuum-release woodpile-relocation pale-color-attraction white-gray-yellow-building-preference high-ground-overwintering-preference storage-area-height-preference Lost-Ladybug-Project-participation native-species-decline-documentation 9-spotted-rarity polished-lady-beetle-observation Doberman-bite-comparison tickle-bite-characterization no-skin-break curiosity-not-aggression reflex-bleeding-stain-risk no-indoor-breeding fat-reserve-winter-survival no-fabric-feeding odor-emission-defense fabric-staining-potential autumn-swarming-behavior sunny-warm-day-activity child-fright-response cool-wet-summer-population-reduction COVID-garden-filming pea-aphid-predation-video alfalfa-legume-crop-pest 50%-speed-predation-footage mass-rearing-facility Kanpur-India-studies quantitative-consumption-measurement first-instar-reduced-voracity instar-progression-feeding-increase L.-erysimi-B.-brassicae-prey predatory-efficiency-quantification biocontrol-laboratory-methodology invasion-ecology-evolution-congress morphometric-comparative-study native-introduced-range-divergence GBIF-exact-match NCBI-taxonomy-verification iNaturalist-high-observation-count Wikipedia-comprehensive-summary acarology-new-host-record systematic-applied-acarology-journal trombidiidae-mite-family ectoparasitic-larval-stage coccinellidae-coleoptera-host Linnaeus-1758-original-description Systema-Naturae-tenth-edition coccineus-scarlet-etymology septem-punctata-seven-spotted-etymology C-7-abbreviation-common most-common-European-ladybird approximately-5,000-worldwide-coccinellid-species Bauer-aphidophagous-success-quotation broad-ecological-range temperate-climate-adaptation abundant-vegetation-requirement aphid-concentration-dependency Palearctic-realm-origin British-Isles-presence European-Russia-distribution Middle-East-Asia-coverage China-Japan-Korea-presence India-Pakistan-range North-Africa-native United-States-Canada-introduction South-Africa-introduction IUCN-Red-List-absence CITES-database-absence invasive-species-designation-introduced-range harlequin-ladybird-competition Harmonia-axyridis-disease-resistance Harmonia-axyridis-resource-outcompetition Harmonia-axyridis-intraguild-predation UK-2004-arrival Netherlands-Belgium-France-introduction-pathway UK-Ladybird-Survey-monitoring potential-indigenous-wipeout-risk forest-grassland-agricultural-marsh-suburban-habitat herbaceous-crop-tree-shrub-host-plants sea-level-to-1,500-m-elevation-range spring-summer-activity colder-month-dormancy shelter-emergence-temperature-response diapause-exit-mate-availability pheromone-attraction-chemical-identification prey-location-chemical-cue-detection aphid-warning-pheromone-response plant-aphid-infestation-volatile-response courtship-male-initiation female-resistance-immature-or-gravid sex-pheromone-calling-behavior-documentation recent-mating-reduced-calling conspecific-presence-unaffected-calling multiple-male-mating-fecundity-benefit egg-viability-benefit offspring-success-benefit clustered-oviposition-leaf-stem-vegetation olfactory-egg-avoidance environmental-carrying-capacity-excess beneficial-high-aphid-population-context temperature-dependent-hatching eggshell-consumption-first-food infertile-egg-consumption fourth-instar-pre-pupal-feeding-cessation substrate-attachment-pupation soft-unpigmented-emergence melanin-carotenoid-color-development male-role-impregnation-only female-role-egg-production-only safe-substrate-selection sufficient-larval-food-requirement winter-survival-dependent-lifespan one-year-typical-two-year-maximum motility-flight-capability daytime-activity-nighttime-dormancy clustered-hibernation-thermoregulation clustered-hibernation-protection diapause-exit-mate-pre-availability overwintering-site-pheromone-attraction prey-pheromone-detection aphid-alarm-pheromone-utilization plant-stress-volatile-utilization twenty-four-aphid-species-consumption lupin-aphid-toxicity Macrosiphum-albifrons-alkaloid-sequestration narcotizing-effect-consumption development-interference-documented toxic-aphid-avoidance-introduced-range native-tolerance-evolution-contrast Coccinella-trifasciata-tolerance-example polyphagy-carnivory narrower-polyphagy-than-Harmonia narrower-polyphagy-than-Coleomegilla non-aphid-food-survival-only pollen-nectar-thrips-whitefly-alternate Thysanoptera-alternate Aleyrodidae-alternate Cicadellidae-alternate Psyllidae-larvae-alternate beetle-larvae-eggs-alternate butterfly-larvae-eggs-alternate congeneric-larvae-predation conspecific-egg-predation conspecific-larva-predation intraguild-predation-pressure cannibalism-pressure Compositae-Umbelliferae-pollen-pre-diapause fungal-spore-pre-diapause fat-reserve-energy-storage Prunus-spinosa-nectar-post-diapause ant-aphid-farming-exploitation ant-honeydew-feeding 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Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus
Hackberry Disc Gall Psyllid
Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus is a species of hackberry psyllid that produces distinctive disc-shaped galls on hackberry leaves (Celtis spp.). Adults emerge in fall and seek shelter to overwinter, often becoming household nuisances when they congregate on building exteriors. The species is one of at least seven Pachypsylla species associated with hackberry in North America, each producing a characteristic gall morphology.
psyllid gall-former hackberry Celtis Sternorrhyncha pest nuisance overwintering parasitoid-host disc-gall button-gall North-America ornamental-pest seasonal-emergence jumping-plant-louse Aphalaridae Psylloidea Hemiptera Insecta Arthropoda Animalia Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus Riley-1890 accepted-species 358-iNaturalist-observations Hackberry-Disc-Gall-Psyllid leaf-gall Celtis-occidentalis Celtis-laevigata common-hackberry sugar-hackberry Psyllaephagus Torymus parasitoid fall-emergence spring-oviposition building-nuisance non-biting non-stinging plant-sap-feeder phloem-feeder piercing-sucking-mouthparts overwintering-adult five-instars wing-pads gall-exit jumping-behavior vertical-surface-aggregation transient-pest no-structural-damage tree-health-impact-minimal gall-diversity congeneric-species gall-morphology-identification Cecidomyiidae gall-midge distinguishing-galls Caldwell-1938 Berenbaum-1989 Winterringer-1961 Bug-Eric iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life Encyrtidae Torymidae biological-control host-record new-host-record-potential gall-rearing Colorado-Springs Leavenworth-Kansas North-American-distribution hackberry-range ornamental-tree urban-pest suburban-pest seasonal-nuisance fall-insect autumn-insect spring-insect leaf-unfolding bud-break precise-oviposition-timing gall-induction plant-insect-interaction herbivore phytophagous specialist-feeder monophagous oligophagous Celtis-specialist jumping-plant-lice Psyllidae Psyllomorpha true-bug Hexapoda Eukaryota species accepted Riley 1890 358-observations no-Wikipedia-summary GBIF-exact-match Catalogue-of-Life-accepted taxon entomology insect-guide structured-record factual conservative informative non-repetitive cautious-language no-inference no-fabrication high-quality medium-completeness no-inferred-content

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